Explore Tanzania’s Remote Regions: Stunning Images Showcasing Rich Biodiversity

A yellow baboon is standing guard.

Photo by Frederic Noy/Panos

Observe a young yellow baboon (above) surveying Tanzania’s Udzungwa Mountains National Park. Despite being shrouded in lush rainforests, this remote area has only recently been explored by biologists, revealing its unique biodiversity.

The park is a sanctuary for six primate species, including the Udzungwa red colobus and the Sanje crested mangabey, marking it as their last refuge. The Kipunji monkey, recognized as a new species in 2003, represents the first new monkey species discovery in Africa since the 1980s with the Sanje crested mangabey.

“It felt magical,” reflects photographer Frédéric Noy, who has documented the wildlife and landscapes of this rich area. “The ongoing discoveries of new fish in the deep sea and tiny insects on land aren’t surprising. But mammals are truly remarkable!”

In 2021, the Kipunji was assigned a new genus, Rungwesevas, marking the first significant monkey genus discovery since 1923. Current estimates suggest that only about 2,000 Kipunji monkeys survive, with a population residing in Udzungwa and sparse groups scattered across Tanzania.

Other fascinating findings in Uzungwa include the giant tree species, Tesmania Princeps, capable of reaching heights of 40 meters. This species was described as new just last year.

A local initiative, the Uzungwa Corridor, is actively restoring deforested areas by planting native trees, effectively connecting Udzungwa Mountains National Park with adjacent protected zones.

Cultivating seedlings for reforestation efforts at the Udzungwa Corridor Project.

Photo by Frederic Noy/Panos

This project utilizes carbon credits to provide local residents with financial incentives for planting trees on their land. The photo above depicts a nursery where trees and other vegetation are cultivated for these essential environmental initiatives.

Many community members in the Uzungwa region also maintain beehives (see below), primarily as an additional source of income. This beekeeping practice is promoted to offset the reduced access to resources in Udzungwa Mountains National Park. Moreover, beehives are believed to discourage elephants from entering the area, as elephants sometimes migrate from nearby regions, even though they do not inhabit the park itself.

Beehives strategically placed along a fence to deter elephants.

Photo by Frederic Noy/Panos

Sugarcane stands as a primary agricultural crop in this vibrant region. The image below showcases a truck transporting freshly harvested sugarcane amidst the picturesque backdrop of the Uzungwa Mountains, with part of Mitsui Falls visible as well.

Trucks transporting sugarcane against the backdrop of the Uzungwa Mountains.

Photo by Frederic Noy/Panos

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Unlocking Rich Chocolate Flavors: The Role of Cocoa Bean Microbiota

Chocolate is produced through the fermentation of cocoa beans sourced from cacao tree fruits.

Mimi Chu Leon

With the identification of fungi and bacteria that generate fruity caramel notes from cocoa beans, we were able to immediately experience a novel type of chocolate.

Typically, chocolate is crafted through the fermentation of cocoa beans extracted from the fruits of cocoa trees, followed by drying, roasting, and grinding them into a paste that is divided into cocoa butter and cocoa solids, mixed in varying ratios with different ingredients to create dark, milk, or white chocolate.

Throughout the fermentation process, surrounding microorganisms break down the cocoa fruit and create various compounds that enhance the chocolate’s flavor. This often results in a rich, earthy taste, according to David Salt from the University of Nottingham, UK. However, finely crafted chocolate can also exhibit fruity characteristics, which are frequently found in products from artisanal chocolate makers.

To investigate which microorganisms are responsible for these flavors, Salt and his team gathered samples of fermented beans from a cocoa farm in Colombia. By analyzing the genetic information within the samples, they discovered five types of bacteria and four fungi consistently present in batches of beans known for their exceptional flavor.

The researchers then introduced sterile cocoa beans to various microorganisms, fermented them with nine different microbial agents, and subsequently processed the beans into a liquid referred to as cocoa liquor. A panel of chocolate flavor experts assessed this liquor and noted the presence of fruity notes absent in samples made from beans without these microorganisms. “The infusion of these microorganisms imparted citrus, berry, floral, tropical, and caramel flavors,” says Salt.

The research indicates that incorporating these microorganisms into the fermentation blend may help cocoa growers enhance the flavor profile of their cocoa, leading to increased profits from their beans.

“We don’t necessarily need to introduce all nine microorganisms. There’s likely a practical approach to influence the microbiota favorably. For instance, we can confirm that specific fungi are naturally present outside of the cocoa pod,” he notes.

However, the group of microorganisms responsible for superior flavors may vary based on distinct cocoa farms, especially where environmental conditions differ. Further investigation is warranted, Salt advises.

Nonetheless, the study highlights that specific microorganisms can significantly amplify chocolate flavor, a finding that may also apply to varieties created from lab-grown cocoa, says Salt. Moreover, introducing a new microbial mix could even yield an entirely new type of chocolate.

topic:

  • Microbiology/
  • Food and drink

Source: www.newscientist.com

Review of Avowed: Where Annihilation Collides with the Intricacy of a Rich and Diverse Fantasy World

eYou need to switch between fantasy realms. Who am I again? What do I do here? Who are all these people? It’s been a golden age for fantasy recently, and inhaling Dragon’s Dogma 2, Metaphor: Rifantagiothe seasons of Dragon House and all seasons of Rebecca Jaros are beginning to blur the details of one kingdom with another, less than a year later.

Avowed’s Fantasy Universe is ready-made from other Eternity Games pillars of developer Obsidian. The lore is dense, the in-game text is rich and the characters are redundant, but thankfully the land between them is fascinating to see the territory of Eora, full of political tensions and cool monsters. I remember valuable names and historical details, but I remember some of my experiences with this game – big enough for a crazy priest to build as a huge automaton inside The view from the rattle road hugging the walls of an underground cave and the secrets of the skin crawling I discovered in the basement of my fellow family homes. The appearance is annihilation and obliv with fungal and floral details that embroidery the structures and people you encounter, embroidering the ever-present tension between organic and rot.

The land in between is destroyed by a disturbing plague that angers people before it is consumed by mushroom-like growth. You, an envoy from the distant centre of the Empire, have been sent to investigate. You are like God, touched immortal, through this strange place, by the sacred voice in your head and the various native companions I felt truly enlightened. You will be guided. Avowed has many choices and self-direction, and it is a game that always respects your intelligence. The characters are interestingly written (densely) and there are many ways to respond to them. That’s far less than the Whedon-esque man/bad guy/joker reaction, as the cries echoes other games force you out of you.

I was hoping for a lively adventure of Obsidian sci-fi comedy The Outer Worlds for 20 hours, but readers, this is it’s not. This game is immeasurable. We spent some time in the opening area of Dawnshore and spent some old time familiarizing ourselves with spider-equipped caves (there are a lot of these, but this is not an Arachnophovictic game). Booty. (This is because I’m stagnant in the main quest, and I forgot about the important information that was displayed once in the text tutorial for about 5 seconds.) Only after 15 hours on this comfortable coastal land, I’d say I met one of my central antagonists. A memorable and terrifying warrior dressed in intricate armor and a mask with smoldering eyes. Then I found myself in a densely rotten jungle swamp filled with amazingly cheerful necromancers, and it big From Dawn Shore. When I arrived at my third new location about 30 hours later, I realized that there was no measure of this world at all.

Unfortunately, AVOWED is better It was 20 hours long. I’ve always been lost on strike from town and have come across something interesting like Skyrim and Fallout. However, there are two stickiness issues that suck fun over time. The first is common to many open world games. Once you arrive at a new location, all the quests and battles are a little difficult. After hours of quests, exploring weapons and armor, and upgrading, it hits a short sweet spot that all feels challenging but conquering. Then you start to feel like everything is too easy and empowering yourself, and it’s like a box-chic movement. This pattern repeatedly eroded my patience in the game.

The second problem is that the combat in Avowed is not as fun as it thinks. A lot of it. There are an impressive number of weapons and techniques, including Grimoire and Staff for spells, giant two-handed axes, bows and pistols, maces, shields, and more. But no matter what you choose, it feels inaccurate and boring, and the likelihood of success is determined by invisible numbers rather than skills. Make sure to take on enemies above your level, and how well you dodge the Great Sword path, or how cleverly you combine your magical effects to freeze undead skeletons. It hardly matters whether to grind it. The key is the quality of the gear. This should be continuously and painstakingly upgraded with random materials from warehouses that are found in every chest or lockbox. I was extremely tired of destroying R2 and firing magic projectiles, hacking tree monsters with my sword, and being so determined that I was missing from hit points. My companions either didn’t feel particularly useful in the fight.

All the diversity and textures in the fiction here are lacking in combat and loot. The end of the most interesting quests is home to unique swords and trinkets, but the fun of exploration is rarely found outside the scenery or characters. If you come across a powerful enemy, you may be losing your strength for the fight. If you find an appetizing, glowing breast in a cave, it can be filled with pennies, chunks of iron, and some fur.

Avowed began as Obsidian’s answer to Bethesda’s Elder Scrolls series, reminding me of many oblivion and Skyrim in an exciting moment when I tripped over something unexpected in the wild. But it also shares a tendency to repeat those games and a sense of weightlessness in their fight. My first 15 or so hours on the land felt potentially rich, but I was tired of it long before the end.

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Source: www.theguardian.com

Elon Musk Angers World with Devastating Impact on Britain: The Rich ‘Pub Vendor’ Making Headlines

W
Keir Starmer was looking forward to a family holiday in Madeira in the New Year, but Elon Musk was set to disrupt it. The world’s richest man has been using social media to attack the Prime Minister and suggesting he may donate millions to the British Reform Party.

The controversy surrounding Mr. Musk’s comments has sparked public debate and media attention. What exactly has caused Mr. Musk’s outrage?


grooming gang

In the early hours of New Year’s Eve in London, Musk focused on the issue of “Pakistani grooming gangs,” posting a screenshot that stirred controversy.

Musk’s comments led to heated discussions on social media, with accusations and criticisms flying. His tweets on various controversial topics have garnered significant attention.

Tommy Robinson

Musk’s tweets touched on the imprisonment of Tommy Robinson and raised questions about the UK justice system. His remarks triggered a debate on the treatment of convicts in the country.

Musk’s social media activity has drawn reactions from politicians and officials, with differing opinions on the matters he raised.

British Reform

Musk’s involvement in political issues has put pressure on both the Conservative and Labour parties. His calls for reform in the UK have gained attention and sparked discussions online.

Talks of Musk potentially making donations to the Reform UK party have added fuel to the fire, with speculations swirling about his influence on political dynamics.

Economy

Political figures have reacted to Musk’s criticisms of the British economy, with varying opinions on the impact of his statements.

Musk’s relentless attacks on various issues have stirred controversy and debates, with responses from government officials and leaders.

Source: www.theguardian.com