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Why Some Quantum Computers Demand More Power Than Traditional Supercomputers

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El Capitan, the National Nuclear Security Administration's leading exascale computer

El Capitan Supercomputer: Power Play in Quantum Computing

Credit: LLNL/Garry McLeod

The advancement of large quantum computers offers the potential to solve complex problems beyond the reach of today’s most powerful classical supercomputers. However, this leap in capability may come with increased energy demands.

Currently, most existing quantum computers are limited in size, with less than 1,000 qubits. These fragile qubits are susceptible to errors, hindering their ability to tackle significant issues, like aiding in drug discovery. Experts agree that to reach practical utility, a Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computer (FTQC) must emerge, with a much higher qubit count and robust error correction. The engineering hurdles involved in this pursuit are substantial, compounded by multiple competing designs.

Olivier Ezratty, from the Quantum Energy Initiative (QEI), warns that the energy consumption of utility-scale FTQCs has been largely overlooked. During the Q2B Silicon Valley Conference in Santa Clara, California, on December 9, he presented his preliminary estimates. Notably, some FTQC designs could eclipse the energy requirements of the world’s top supercomputers.

For context, El Capitan, the fastest supercomputer globally, located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, draws approximately 20 megawatts of electricity—three times that of the nearby city of Livermore, which has a population of 88,000. Ezratty forecasts that FTQC designs scaling up to 4,000 logical qubits may demand even more energy. Some of the power-hungry designs could require upwards of 200 megawatts.

Ezratty’s estimates derive from accessible data, proprietary insights from quantum tech firms, and theoretical models. He outlines a wide energy consumption range for future FTQCs, from 100 kilowatts to 200 megawatts. Interestingly, he believes that three forthcoming FTQC designs could ultimately operate below 1 megawatt, aligning with conventional supercomputers utilized in research labs. This variance could significantly steer industry trends, particularly as low-power models become more mainstream.

The discrepancies in projected energy use stem from the various strategies that quantum computing companies employ to construct and maintain their qubits. For instance, certain qubit technologies necessitate extensive cooling to function effectively. Light-based qubits struggle with warm light sources and detectors, leading to heightened energy consumption. Similarly, superconducting circuits require entire chips to be housed in large refrigeration systems, while designs based on trapped ions or ultracold atoms demand substantial energy input from lasers or microwaves to precisely control qubits.

Oliver Dial from IBM, known for superconducting quantum computers, anticipates that his company’s large-scale FTQC will need approximately 2 to 3 megawatts of power, a fraction of what a hyperscale AI data center could consume. This demand could be lessened through integration with existing supercomputers. Meanwhile, a team from QuEra, specializing in ultracold atomic quantum computing, estimates their FTQC will require around 100 kilowatts, landing on the lower end of Ezratty’s spectrum.

Other companies like Xanadu, focusing on light-based quantum technologies, as well as Google Quantum AI, centered on superconducting qubits, have opted not to comment. PsiQuantum, another light-based qubit developer, was unavailable for a response. New Scientist has made multiple attempts for their insights.

Ezratty also pointed out that traditional electronics responsible for directing and monitoring qubit operations could result in additional costs, particularly for FTQC systems where qubits need further instructions to self-correct errors. This complexity necessitates understanding how these algorithms contribute to energy footprints. The operational runtime length of quantum computers adds another layer, as energy savings from fewer qubits might be negated if longer operation times are needed.

To effectively measure and report the energy consumption of machines, the industry must establish robust standards and benchmarks. Ezratty emphasizes that this is an integral element of QEI’s mission, with projects actively progressing in both the United States and the European Union.

As the field of quantum computing continues to mature, Ezratty anticipates that his research will pave the way for insights into FTQC energy consumption. This understanding could be vital for optimizing designs to minimize energy use. “Countless technological options could facilitate reduced energy consumption,” he asserts.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Piers Morgan Cautions That YouTube’s Growth Signals a “Wake-Up Call” for Traditional Media

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The media landscape is experiencing a significant transformation, with numerous traditional publications fading away, while various YouTube channels assert their influence rivals that of conventional television networks.

A former newspaper editor and current presenter, engaged in fundraising efforts to expand his YouTube venture, anticipates that more prominent media figures will migrate to this increasingly impactful streaming platform as viewer preferences continue to evolve.

“It’s similar to the shift from vinyl to digital music,” he noted. “People believed it would take ages, but the change happened swiftly.”

“In the UK, specific newspapers are disappearing. Which will still have a print edition in a decade? Observing younger demographics shows that those under 45 rarely purchase print newspapers.”

Morgan holds the rights to his YouTube channel, *Piers Morgan Uncensored*, having acquired them from the Rupert Murdoch empire after his previous agreements with News UK, which totaled £50 million over three years, ended. Now over 60, he acknowledges that his transition is a “learning curve,” yet he champions YouTube for its flexibility and low cost.

He emphasized that his decision to fully embrace the streaming service was influenced by his four children. “All of them are watching YouTube,” he remarked. “I rarely watch traditional TV, aside from live sports. Until last year, I was part of the outdated, structured 8PM live news format.”

While Morgan is known for his sharp commentary, his shift to YouTube reflects a broader trend where media personalities, especially within the U.S. conservative landscape, amass millions of subscribers. Morgan aims to replicate the success of DailyWire, a conservative American media outlet co-founded by commentator Ben Shapiro, which includes Canadian psychologist Jordan Peterson.

YouTube wields significant influence in the media sphere, with various content originating from networks like ITV and Channel 4. Podcasters continue to enhance their presence, contributing considerable financial strength. In just the first quarter of 2025, YouTube’s ad revenue exceeded $8.9 billion (£6.644 billion), marking a growth of over 10% from the previous year. Meanwhile, Channel 4’s total revenue for all of 2023 hovered around £1 billion, a figure available for the most recent year.

Morgan cited last year’s U.S. election, mentioning that YouTube reported over 45 million views on election-related content on Election Day. In contrast, 42.3 million viewers tuned into 18 cable and broadcast networks that night. Although the figures aren’t directly comparable, Morgan stated:

“Prominent journalists have reached out to me, inquiring about a shift to my platform. I believe legacy media companies need to analyze why individuals like myself are venturing out into this realm,” he said. “More will be inspired to follow my lead, and I’m receiving intriguing inquiries from journalists.”

Morgan plans to emulate Gary Lineker’s Goalhanger Productions, which has produced successful podcasts in the UK. He envisions creating channels under uncensored brands that cover various genres, including true crime, history, and sports, with a direct focus on the U.S. and global audiences rather than just the UK.

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“Look at what Gary Lineker achieved; he’s a close friend and with Goalhanger in the UK, he’s the first to credit his success. [podcast for Goalhanger] In terms of revenue, it’s substantial in America, but that’s just the beginning,” he stated. “It’s not solely about football; it’s about history. They travel to America and stage large live shows, which is massively successful there.”

“I seldom cover British news. We didn’t even discuss the final election results because my scope is broader: ‘Is this of interest to viewers in the Middle East? What about in Australia?’

Morgan shared his vision of decreasing reliance on his brand, aspiring to build something sustainable and independent. Though he considers it an “early era,” he is optimistic about attracting investors, as his venture is already profitable.

“We don’t require funding,” he stated. “With nearly 4 million subscribers, my inquiry to investors isn’t, ‘Just give me your money.’ It’s ‘What value do you bring to the table?’ ”

Source: www.theguardian.com

Chinese Jurassic bird fossils challenge traditional theories of bird evolution.

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Excavated in southeastern China, fossils of Jurassic birds are said to have a significant impact on the history of bird evolution, according to researchers.

The recently discovered Baminolis Zengensis, a bird the size of a quail, flew in the skies approximately 150 million years ago during the Jurassic period. A study about it was published on Wednesday in the Nature Journal. In essence, it is one of the oldest known birds to humanity, alongside the iconic Archeopteryx found in Germany in 1862 and of a similar age.

“For over 150 years, Archeopteryx has stood alone,” said Steve Bursatte, a paleontologist at the University of Edinburgh. Further explanation on the research accompanied this statement.

“All this time, it has remained as the sole unsuspecting bird fossil from the Jurassic era,” he mentioned to NBC News via email.

While other bird-like Jurassic fossils were found, there was a “significant mystery and frustrating gap” in the fossil record, according to Bursatte. So, where were their fossils?

The 2023 discovery of Baminornis in Zhenghe County, Fujian Province, China, filled that gap and became one of the most important discoveries since Archeopteryx, labeling it as “the second unsuspecting bird from the Jurassic era.”

Unlike the half-bird, half-reptile that had a long, thin tail resembling a velociraptor, Baminonis had a short tail where some vertebrae fused into short, sturdy nubins pushing the body center towards the wings, similar to modern birds for better flying.

Until the discovery of Baminoris, short tails were only found in birds known to have lived around 20 million years later, such as Eoconfuciusornis and Protopteryx.

Brusatte expressed excitement that Baminoris was more advanced than Archeopteryx and could fly much better.

Baminornis was more anatomically complex than Archeopteryx, being a “primitive” bird with claws and sharp teeth resembling dinosaur ancestors.

The discovery of two similarly aged birds about 5,500 miles apart led the nature research team to believe that bird evolution took place millions of years earlier than previously thought.

In addition to dozens of fossils of aquatic or semi-aquatic animals, the Zhenghe Fauna collection included at least three Aviaran fossils, enriching the understanding of early diversification and filling important gaps in the evolutionary history of terrestrial ecosystems towards the end of the Jurassic era according to researchers.

Baminornis fossils preserved most of the skeleton, but the wings were not preserved, leaving questions about their size and wing structure. The lack of a skull also limits clues regarding their diet.

Nevertheless, Baminornis suggests that various birds lived during the Jurassic period and flew in different ways,” Brusatte said.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Tick-tock: The resurgence of traditional timepieces | Watches

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FFirst, Mark Zuckerberg removed his gray hoodie. Then he let his curls grow. Now, he is shifting his styling focus to his left wrist, sporting a $900,000 (£740,000) watch by Swiss brand Greubel Forsey, made of white gold and limited to only three pieces per year. This addition to his watch collection includes a $1.2 million rose gold Patek Philippe watch and the thinnest watch ever made.

The trend of mechanical watches is on the rise, driven by Generation Z, who are embracing traditional aesthetics for a sense of nostalgia and familiarity. Depop has reported a 34% increase in watch searches, attributing the shift to analog watches exuding a classic style and functionality.

Despite predictions that smartwatches would eliminate traditional Swiss watches, there has been a decline in sales as consumers opt for old-fashioned timepieces. TikTok showcases a variety of watch styles and brands, from high-end Rolex to more affordable options like Casio and Swatch.

Luxury watches have also found their place on the red carpet, with celebrities accessorizing their outfits with iconic timepieces. Watches of Switzerland Group notes a growing interest among Gen Z customers in Swiss-made watches, emphasizing brand recognition and sustainability.

Wearing a watch can convey status and personal style, reflected in popular television shows and public figures showcasing their timepiece choices. Even high-profile individuals are opting for more modest watch brands, signaling a shift towards less conspicuous displays of wealth.

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This shift towards authenticity and understated luxury resonates with Gen Z, who look for genuine expressions of style rather than ostentatious displays of wealth. The appeal lies in something real and meaningful, rather than a symbol of affluence.

Source: www.theguardian.com

John Norton’s Article: The Rise of the Blogosphere as Traditional Internet Usage Declines

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ILog in to Dave Winer’s blog.
script news
you’ll see constantly updated notes that tell you how many years, months, days, hours, and seconds your blog has been running.
The year field will switch to 30 sometime tomorrow morning. That means Dave’s blog will be stirring things up every day for 30 years.

He really
notable person
a talented hacker and software developer who embodies the spirit of the early Internet.
In the 1980s, he created a new type of software called ThinkTank.
“Outliner”
It’s a computerized version of the hierarchical list we all use when planning articles and presentations, but until then was scrawled on paper.
Like Dan Bricklin’s spreadsheets, this was a novel idea at the time, but nearly every type of writing software now includes an outliner.
Surprisingly, Microsoft Word also has this feature.

In 1983, Winer founded a company called Living Videotext to develop and commercialize the outline idea, and six years later sold it to Symantec to earn enough money to do his own work for the rest of his life.
I got the funds. One of them is to play a leading role in development.
RSS
(Very Simple Syndication) is a tool that allows users to track different websites in one application (a news aggregator), constantly monitoring the site for new content.
(Think of this as the hidden wiring of the web.)

As the use of RSS feeds became commonplace, someone had the idea of ​​being able to attach audio files to RSS feeds, and Dave implemented that idea with a nice geeky touch.
I attached a Grateful Dead song. Initially, this new technology was called audio blogging, but eventually a British journalist came up with the term “podcasting” and the word stuck.

So, while Dave was there to create some cool stuff, it was his blog that brought him to a wider audience.
“Some people are born to play country music.”
he wrote
At some stage.
“I was born to blog. When I first started blogging, I thought everyone would become a blogger. I was wrong. Most people don’t have the urge to say what they think. I don’t have one.’”
Dave was just the opposite. He was (and still is) articulate and forthright.
His formidable track record as a technological innovator meant that he could not be dismissed as an eccentric.
The fact that he was financially secure meant he didn’t have to pander to anyone and could speak his mind. And he did.
That made him a prominent presence on the web from the moment he launched Scripting News in October 1994.

Like many of us, he realized that what became known as the blogosphere might be a modern realization of Jurgen Habermas’ ideas.
“Public sphere”
Because it was open to everyone, everything was up for discussion, and social status did not determine who was allowed to speak.
But what he – and we – underestimated is that tech companies like Google and Facebook have surrounded their public realm with their own walled gardens, where “free speech” is algorithmically enforced.
The speed and comprehensiveness of the central monitoring of speakers and their data. Mined for advertising purposes.

In my experience, most journalists fail to understand the importance of the blogosphere.
This is partly due to the fact that they thought, like Dr. Johnson, that “no one but a blockhead writes about anything other than money,” so bloggers must be weirdos.
(This is difficult for those of us who happen to be in this situation, but
both bloggers
)
But that was largely because the mainstream media was hypnotized and blindsided by the dizzying rise of social media.
Journalists have come to believe that the blogosphere must be a meeting place for old hats, relics of the past, weirdos in Cornish pasty shoes, nerds and ponytailed men. Social media was key.

If that’s really what they think, Winer has news for them.
The blogosphere is alive and well and thriving.
In fact, much of the best writing and thinking of our time is found here.
I can say this because I use tools and read them every day.
feedland.org – Something Dave made to make it easier to drink water from a fire hose.
Clay Shirkey, an early Internet sage,
Please put it down once
There is no such thing as information overload, only “filter failure.”
And there’s no excuse to ignore the blogosphere.

what i was reading

100th anniversary celebration

Jimmy Carter turned 100 this week, and his former speechwriter James Fallows wrote the following message:
generous rating His stuff on his Substack.

Look, I don’t have any hands…

Our ubiquitous future is astonishing.
blog post
By Allen Pike: I think self-driving cars will become commonplace.

The truth about monopoly

Antitrust Revolution: Title
great essay
in
harpers Barry Lynn, on democracy’s awakening to the dangers of corporate power.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Not undergoing traditional cancer therapy, such as that of Elle Macpherson, poses significant risks

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Supermodel Elle Macpherson refuses chemotherapy to treat breast cancer

Australian Press Agency/Alamy

Half of us will develop cancer at some point in our lives, but how many of us can confidently reject mainstream medical advice after consulting dozens of doctors?

In a recent interview Australian Women's Weekly Australian supermodel Elle Macpherson revealed that she did just that, telling the magazine that she was diagnosed with breast cancer seven years ago but refused chemotherapy, opting for an “intuitive, heart-led, holistic approach” to her treatment.

According to the magazine, MacPherson mulled over her decision for weeks after consulting with “32 doctors and specialists,” and finally, in February 2017, she decided to pursue non-pharmaceutical treatment under the guidance of her family doctor, who specializes in “integrative medicine.”

Fortunately, MacPherson is currently in clinical remission, or as she prefers to say, “perfect health.” It's futile to try to assess the risk of her decision to forego chemotherapy without knowing important details about the extent of her cancer, her coexisting risk factors, and the advice she received. For example, she underwent a partial mastectomy, her first surgery to remove a suspicious lump, but Some doctors said That might have been enough treatment.

Nevertheless, the story has sparked outrage online, galvanizing both the growing number of people who distrust “conventional medicine” and those who seek to defend it from growing attacks.

What's behind this distrust? Some researchers say the COVID-19 pandemic “Scientific skepticism” Heated debates are taking place around the world about the severity of the illness, the merits of lockdowns, and the safety of vaccines. More and more Used To hide their anti-scientific views, Conspiracy thinking.

For members of black and minority ethnic communities, Distrust of doctors The reluctance to seek cancer testing and treatment is also being driven by public health and medical institutions. Decades of failure Engaging with them and ensuring equal care in many countries.

In the UK in particular, confidence in the National Health Service's ability to treat cancer has declined. Has fallen in recent yearsand Reports Delaying the start of vital cancer treatment for months.

All of this means that if you're diagnosed with cancer today, your options may seem less clear than they once were. Add to that the typically grueling experience of chemotherapy, and it's no wonder that MacPherson's story of a “non-pharmaceutical” alternative therapy has garnered so much attention.

But it's worth keeping in mind that MacPherson doesn't accurately represent the vast majority of cancer patients. Estimated Net Worth With a net worth of $95 million, she can afford to seek multiple second opinions and even turn down chemotherapy. Her wealth acts as a safety net. Her “ingestible health” company WELCOand her historical romantic ties Disgraced anti-vaxxer Andrew Wakefield,she From 2018 to 2019McPherson's story gets even more complicated.

For most people, refusing medical care carries real risks. 2017 Study Cancer patients who choose alternative medicines as their primary treatment have been found to have a higher risk of dying within five years than those who choose conventional treatments.

Larger studies The following year, he published a study of nearly two million American cancer patients that found that use of complementary medicines was associated with refusal of conventional cancer treatment and a doubling of the risk of death within five years.

Indeed, oncologists More and more Select Use Reduce chemotherapy or avoid it altogether – New treatments, new research The recognition that targeted, customized responses are most effective.

But for now, at least, the advice from organisations like Cancer Research UK is clear: there is no scientific or medical evidence that alternative therapies can cure cancer. At a time when distrust of medicine is widespread, Macpherson's account risks leading people down a dangerous path by trumpeting positive results without important context.

While anyone may be at risk for developing cancer, Macpherson, who was nicknamed “The Body” at the height of her modeling career, had enormous resources at her disposal and was always going to have a better chance than most of us of surviving cancer, regardless of her choices.

Elle Hunt is a freelance writer and journalist.

Source: www.newscientist.com

Traditional pessimism could be a valuable tool in combating climate change

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Pessimism is a dirty word in climate policy circles. There are good reasons for this. Especially because while optimism can encourage positive change, assuming the worst can paralyze us and prevent us from taking action. But when it comes to climate modeling, a certain amount of negativity can be a good thing.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is already working on various models and pathways to assess how to limit warming to 1.5°C and how to ensure that carbon emissions continue unabated or experience many possibilities in between. I use it to hedge my bets. These pathways are backed by thousands of scientific papers, tons of data, and the brains of the world’s climate scientists, but like all models, they are built on assumptions.

One of the key assumptions in the scenario of keeping temperature rise below 1.5°C is that the technology to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere will be rapidly perfected in the near future. This is not an unreasonable prediction, given human ingenuity and strong incentives to do so. But incorporating carbon capture technology into these models is like declaring that winning the lottery will balance the household budget. If you can’t reduce your spending to an affordable level, you better hope that a big prize is on the way.

As the two articles in this issue demonstrate, this is a dangerous approach. A detailed analysis of geological carbon storage plans shows that it is at least very unlikely, if not impossible, to meet the levels envisioned for many 1.5°C pathways. (“Our plans to tackle climate change with carbon storage add up”). The chances of winning the lottery don’t seem that high. On the other hand, we also received an unexpected carbon bill in the form of melting Arctic permafrost, releasing more greenhouse gases than previously accounted for. Frozen soil is now a major net source of greenhouse gases (see “Frozen soil is now a major net source of greenhouse gases”).

While these revisions in our understanding of climate change are entirely expected and to be welcomed, they do signal that the challenges we face over the next decade will only get more difficult. . Rather than narrowing down climate models until the numbers roughly match the 1.5°C goal, perhaps it would be better to take a more pessimistic outlook and accelerate efforts to limit the damage.

topic:

  • climate change/
  • global warming

Source: www.newscientist.com

Neuroscientists reveal the overlooked senses that go beyond the traditional five

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What is the total number of senses that an average human possesses? When we consider senses as receptors like the retina of the eye and the cochlea of the ear, the usual response would be seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, and tasting. That makes a total of five senses.

These senses are known as “exteroceptive” as they provide information about the external environment.

Aside from these, the body also has receptors that detect internal activities such as the heartbeat, lung expansion, stomach movements, and various other bodily functions that go unnoticed. These internal senses are collectively known as “interoception.”

However, the answer to the question is actually more intricate and fascinating. Apart from the traditional senses, the body also has receptors that transmit different types of information which are not commonly categorized as sensations, like temperature.

Furthermore, certain receptors serve multiple sensory functions. For instance, the retina not only processes light for vision but also informs the brain about the transition from day to night. This “day/night sensation” forms the foundation of circadian rhythms which impact metabolism and sleep patterns.

Explore more about the science of senses:

Even a basic sense like vision is intricately connected to other senses that are perceived independently.

For instance, our visual perception and how we perceive things are interconnected with the brain’s monitoring of our heart rate as part of interoception.

As the heart contracts and pumps blood, the brain receives reduced visual input from the surroundings.

The brain also synthesizes sensations for which there are no specific receptors. For instance, the perception of taste is constructed by the brain combining gustatory (taste) and olfactory (smell) signals, while the sensation of wetness is a blend of touch and temperature information.

©Getty

In essence, the brain constructs all our perceptions of vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch based solely on sensory input from the body’s receptors. For instance, light waves don’t simply enter the eye; they travel to the brain as electrical signals that are then interpreted by the eye.

Moreover, the brain predicts in advance what we will perceive based on past experiences, current circumstances, and the body’s condition, blending these predictions with sensory input from the retina to create our visual perception of the world.

Similarly, when we touch our wrist to feel our pulse, we are essentially experiencing a mental construct based on the brain’s predictions and the actual sensory signals received. Our sensations are not solely experienced through our sense organs but are perceived in the brain.

Dive deeper into neuroscience:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

New UCLA study challenges traditional views of bioengineering and stem cell dynamics

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Confocal microscopy images show mesenchymal stem cells (green) captured within nanovials (pink). Nanovial technology was developed by Dino Di Carlo and colleagues at UCLA. Credit: Shreya Udani/UCLA
University of California Los Angeles Stem cell scientists have uncovered surprising genetic instructions for promoting protein secretion, with major implications for biotechnology and cell therapy.
Mesenchymal stem cells present in the bone marrow secrete therapeutic proteins that may help regenerate damaged tissue.
The UCLA study examining these cells challenges conventional understanding of what genetic instructions drive the release of these therapeutic proteins.
The discovery could help advance both regenerative medicine research and the laboratory production of biological therapeutics already in use.
Expanding the possibilities of antibody-based medicineToday, drugs based on antibodies (proteins that fight infection and disease) are prescribed for everything from cancer to disease. COVID-19 (new coronavirus infection) For high cholesterol. Antibody drugs are supplied by genetically engineered cells that act as small protein-producing factories in the lab.
Meanwhile, researchers are targeting cancer, internal organ damage, and many other diseases with a new strategy that involves transplanting similarly engineered cells directly into patients.
These biotechnological applications rely on the principle of causing cellular changes. DNA When a cell produces more genetic instructions to make a particular protein, it releases more of that protein.
Challenging established biological principlesBut a groundbreaking study from UCLA challenges this long-held belief, at least when it comes to certain types of stem cells.
The researchers looked at mesenchymal stem cells, which reside in the bone marrow and can self-renew and grow into bone, fat, and muscle cells. Mesenchymal cells secrete a protein growth factor called VEGF-A. Scientists believe this may play a role in blood vessel regeneration, repairing damage caused by heart attacks, kidney damage, arterial disease in the extremities, and other diseases.
Amazing discoveries in stem cell researchWhen the researchers compared the amount of VEGF-A released by each mesenchymal cell to the expression of the gene encoding VEGF-A in the same cells, the results were surprising. There was only a weak correlation between gene expression and actual growth factor secretion. Scientists have identified other genes that better correlate with growth factor secretion, including genes that code for proteins on the surface of some stem cells. The research team isolated stem cells with the protein on their surface, cultured a population that secreted large amounts of VEGF-A, and continued to secrete it even after several days.
Biotechnology and its impact on medicineThe findings were published Dec. 11 in the journal natural nanotechnologyco-author Dino Di Carlo said, suggesting that fundamental assumptions in biology and biotechnology may be worth reconsidering. UCLA Samueli School of Engineering.
“The central dogma is that there are instructions in DNA, and these instructions are transcribed. RNAThe RNA is then translated into protein,” said Di Carlo, who is also a member of UCLA. California Nanosystems Institute and Eli and Edythe Regional Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research. “Based on this, many scientists assumed that if you had more RNA, you would get more protein, and more protein would be released from the cell. I had doubts.”
It seems inconceivable that when a gene is expressed at a higher level, there is more secretion of the corresponding protein. We found a clear example where this does not occur, and many new questions arise.” Ta.
“The results could help make the production of antibody-based therapeutics more efficient and define new, more effective cell therapies. Knowing the right genetic switches to flip could enable the manipulation and selection of highly productive cells to create or deliver therapeutics.
Breakthrough in single cell analysisThe UCLA study was conducted using standard laboratory equipment enhanced with technology invented by Di Carlo and his colleagues. Nanovials, microscopic bowl-shaped hydrogel containers, each capturing a single cell and its secretions. By leveraging a new analytical method using nanovials, scientists were able to measure the amount of VEGF-A released by each of 10,000 mesenchymal stem cells compared to tens of thousands of genes expressed by that same cell. I was able to link it to the mapped atlas.
“The ability to link protein secretion to gene expression at the single-cell level holds great promise for the fields of life science research and therapeutic development,” said David, a member of the Broad Stem Cell Research Group and a professor of biology at the University of California, Los Angeles. said chemistry professor Kathryn Plath. Center and co-corresponding author of the study. “Without that, we would not have been able to reach the unexpected results found in this study. Now we have learned something new about the mechanisms that underpin the fundamental processes of life, and we have We have an incredible opportunity to leverage this to improve human health.”
A new path in therapeutic drug developmentAlthough activation of genetic instructions for VEGF-A showed little correlation with protein release, the researchers identified a cluster of 153 genes with strong associations with VEGF-A secretion. Many of them are known for their functions in blood vessel development and wound healing. For others, their functionality is currently unknown.
One of the top matches encodes the cell surface protein IL13RA2, but its purpose is poorly understood. Its outer location made it easy for scientists to use it as a marker and separate those cells from other cells. Cells with IL13RA2 showed 30% more VEGF-A secretion than cells lacking the marker.
In a similar experiment, the researchers kept isolated cells in culture for six days. At the end of that period, cells with the marker secreted 60% more VEGF-A compared to cells without the marker.
Potential impact on clinical applicationsMesenchymal stem cell-based therapies have shown promise in laboratory studies, but many of these new options are safe but not effective in clinical trials with human participants. It is shown that there is no. Her ability to use IL13RA2 to sort VEGF-A-rich cells could help change this trend.
“Identifying the subpopulations that produce more and the markers associated with that population means that they can be separated very easily,” Di Carlo said. “If we had very pure populations of cells that produced high levels of therapeutic proteins, we would have better treatments.”The nanovials are commercially available from Partillion Bioscience, a company co-founded by Di Carlo and founded in CNSI’s on-campus incubator. Expand.
Reference: “Correlating growth factor secretion in nanovials with single cell transcriptome using SEC-seq” Shreya Udani, Justin Langerman, Doyeon Koo, Sevana Baghdasarian, Brian Cheng, Simran Kang, Citradewi Soemardy, Joseph de Rutte, Kathrin Plath, Dino Di Carlo, December 11, 2023; natural nanotechnology.
DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01560-7The study’s lead author is Shreya Udani, who received her PhD from UCLA in 2023. Other co-authors, all at UCLA, are staff scientist Justin Langerman; Doyoung Koo, who received his Ph.D. in 2023. graduate students Sevana Bagdasarian and Chitradewi Somardi; undergraduate student Brian Chen; Simran Kang received her bachelor’s degree in 2023. and Joseph de Rutte, who completed his PhD in 2020 and is co-founder and CEO of Partillion.This research was supported by: National Institutes of Health It also won the Stem Cell Nanomedicine Program Award, jointly funded by CNSI and the Broad Center for Stem Cell Research.
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Source: scitechdaily.com

Traditional Finance’s Increasing Involvement in Bitcoin Revealed – Blockchain News, Analysis, Interviews, Opportunities

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Last week, Bitcoin (BTC) rose 5.9% to close at around $37,000 compared to the previous week’s closing price of $35,000. This week has seen solid price movements, with BTC seeing fluctuations with prices increasing continuously every day from Monday to Friday. The highest trading price was observed on Thursday, reaching nearly $38,000. After this peak, prices declined slightly and stabilized at around $37,000 from Friday through the weekend.

BTC dominance, which measures Bitcoin’s market capitalization relative to the overall digital asset market, fell for the second consecutive week, settling at around 52.3%. This corresponds to a decrease of 0.7% compared to the previous week and highlights the continued dispersion of liquidity among more speculative assets. This is characteristic of a phase in which investors express confidence in the market and engage in riskier trades.

Trading activity continues to soar, with cumulative daily volume on centralized exchanges reaching $31.4 billion, calculated on a seven-day moving average. This figure is the highest since the end of March and reaffirms that the recent uptrend is driven by strong trading activity.

A notable aspect is the heavy involvement of traditional finance in the recent uptrend. Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)’s BTC open interest exceeded 100,000 contracts for the first time, surpassing Binance and becoming the top exchange in terms of BTC open interest. This strong presence of traditional financial investors is evident in the Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC) discount rate, which has now narrowed to 10.3%, its lowest level since August 2021. .

The increase in traditional financial activity related to BTC confirms the confidence market investors currently have regarding the approval of a future BTC spot ETF. It is important to note that the first final decision deadline from the SEC on the 21Shares BTC Spot application is scheduled for January 10, 2024. Presumably, to avoid giving issuers a first-mover advantage, the SEC will make a final decision to approve or deny all applications by this date. Additionally, applications for digital asset spot ETFs continue, with recent news including BlackRock’s ETH Spot ETF following Grayscale’s decision to apply for conversion from Ethereum Grayscale Trust (ETHE) to ETH Spot ETF. It has been revealed that he has applied for an ETF. How many weeks ago?

The surge in prices and trading activity, particularly through traditional financial channels, coupled with a consistent decline in the GBTC discount and significant net inflows observed in ETPs underlying digital assets, has led investors in the market to bet on approval. It suggests that Securing approval from the SEC is likely to attract significant investment from traditional finance, bringing an influx of new investors and potentially strengthening digital assets and pushing them into a more recognized asset class. . Conversely, a rejection would likely cause a short-term economic downturn, given the general expectation in favor of approval and the subsequent positioning of market participants, which will be heavily influenced by this expectation.

Source: the-blockchain.com