New Study Confirms Nanotyrannus as a Distinct Species of Tyrannosaurid Dinosaur

Nanotyrannus lansensis — For years, many believed these specimens were juvenile tyrannosaurus rex — However, a team of American paleontologists analyzed the ceratobranchia (hyoid bone) and concluded that it was actually a distinct, fully grown small tyrannosaurid. This finding shed light on the growth history of Nanotyrannus lansensis.



Encounter between adults of Nanotyrannus lansensis (left) and two juvenile tyrannosaurus rex, with a sub-adult tyrannosaurus rex watching from a distance. Image credit: Jorge Gonzalez.

Nanotyrannus lansensis measures 5.5 meters (18 feet) tall, which is relatively small compared to its length of over 12 meters (40 feet) compared to tyrannosaurus rex.

Initially discovered in 1942, Nanotyrannus lansensis was first classified as gorgosaurus, but through further scientific investigation, it was redefined as a separate species in 1988.

The main cause of the lengthy debate over the classification is that the holotype consists solely of an isolated skull, while traditional assessments of maturity often rely on limb bones.

Until recently, studies on other more complete fossils of Nanotyrannus lansensis yielded conflicting conclusions.

In a recent study, paleontologist Christopher Griffin from Princeton University and his team discovered that the microstructure of small bones in the throat ceratobranchial can accurately indicate the age and skeletal maturity of fossil specimens.

“At the time, there was a general consensus that the holotype skull of Nanotyrannus represented an immature tyrannosaurus rex rather than a distinct species,” Dr. Griffin stated.

“We initially aimed to follow that consensus, but upon examining samples of the hyoid bone and noticing characteristics strongly indicating maturity, we realized we needed to reevaluate that notion.”

The researchers found that in both modern archosaurs (like ostriches and crocodiles) and extinct theropods, the ceratobranch bones retain unique signals of growth and maturation, making them particularly useful for determining the developmental stage of fully mature individuals.

Using this technique, the team studied the holotype of Nanotyrannus lansensis and analyzed three sections of its ceratobranchia, identifying several features that suggest near-complete skeletal maturity.

This indicates that Nanotyrannus lansensis is a taxonomically distinct species that coexisted with tyrannosaurus rex, suggesting a greater diversity of predators in Late Cretaceous ecosystems than previously understood.

“This smaller-bodied tyrannosaurus rex indicates that the carnivore’s hyoid displayed a growth pattern suggesting it had reached or was close to maturity,” remarked paleontologist Ashley Poust of the University of Nebraska State Museum.

“We can now confidently affirm our classification of Nanotyrannus as separate from tyrannosaurus rex.”

“This implies the presence of at least two carnivores of different sizes in the same environment, which has significant implications for dinosaur ecology and extinction,” he added.

“Understanding what existed helps us gauge the size of the fossil record and how species have evolved over time.”

“Furthermore, it’s crucial to comprehend the complexity of the ecosystem.”

Results from this study are published in the journal Science.

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Christopher T. Griffin et al. A small Tyrannosaurus rex lived alongside tyrannosaurus rex. Science published online on December 4, 2025. doi: 10.1126/science.adx8706

Source: www.sci.news

Amazon Confirms Workforce Reduction Plans, Laying Off 14,000 Employees

Amazon has announced its intention to lay off 14,000 employees as part of a broader initiative expected to impact tens of thousands of roles.

The Seattle-based retail leader is facing challenges in reversing the extensive hiring surge prompted by the pandemic, working on cost reduction and streamlining its vast operations. This summer, the company’s CEO cautioned white-collar employees about the potential for artificial intelligence to take over their jobs.

Beth Galetti, Amazon’s senior vice president, communicated in a memo to employees on Tuesday: “The reductions we are announcing today…are part of our ongoing efforts to further diminish bureaucracy, eliminate layers, and reallocate resources to prioritize investments in our key initiatives and better meet our customers’ current and future needs.”

On Monday, Reuters and The Wall Street Journal reported that Amazon is poised to eliminate up to 30,000 corporate positions, according to anonymous sources familiar with the situation, as it attempts to unwind an unprecedented hiring spree triggered by a temporary surge in online shopping during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. CNBC indicates this could mark the largest layoff event in the company’s history.

These layoffs constitute a minor fraction of Amazon’s total 1.55 million global employees, but they significantly impact the company’s roughly 350,000 corporate workforce.

On Monday, Amazon refrained from commenting on the extensive layoffs until Galetti revealed the 14,000 job cuts the following day. He also informed employees that the company will strive to pinpoint “further areas where we can streamline structures, enhance accountability, and achieve efficiency improvements” throughout 2026.

“Some may question why roles would be reduced if the company is performing well,” Galetti expressed. “Across our divisions, we consistently provide excellent customer experiences, innovate swiftly, and deliver outstanding business results. We must acknowledge that the world is evolving rapidly.”

“This wave of AI is the most groundbreaking technology since the Internet, allowing companies to innovate more rapidly than ever throughout existing and completely new market segments.”

Following the initial reports of layoffs, Amazon’s shares, which are set to announce quarterly results later this week, increased by 1.2% on Monday.

Other tech giants have similarly rolled back extensive hiring campaigns initiated during the pandemic. Microsoft; Meta’s parent company, which includes WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook; as well as Google’s parent company, Alphabet, have collectively laid off tens of thousands of workers in recent years.

Back in June, Amazon CEO Andy Jassy informed employees that generative AI technologies, such as autonomous AI agents and chatbots, would reduce staffing requirements in certain roles.

“While it’s challenging to predict the exact impact over time, we anticipate this will lead to workforce reductions in the upcoming years,” Jassy stated in a memo to staff.

In recent times, Amazon has implemented job cuts across various divisions, including devices, communications, podcasting, and more.

This week’s layoffs are projected to influence a broad spectrum of departments within Amazon, including human resources (referred to as people experience), technology, devices and services, and operations, among others. Luck reported that as much as 15% of Amazon’s human resources sector could be affected, according to sources familiar with the company’s plans.

According to Reuters, citing unnamed insiders, managers from impacted teams were informed on Monday that they would receive notifications via email starting the next morning and would be required to undergo training on how to communicate changes with their teams.

Mr. Jassy has previously stated that the company aims to minimize what he refers to as excessive bureaucracy within Amazon, including reducing managerial positions. He also introduced an anonymous complaint line for addressing inefficiencies, which has generated roughly 1,500 responses and led to over 450 process modifications.

Report contributed by Reuters

Source: www.theguardian.com

New Study Confirms ‘Walking’ Moai Hypothesis

The transportation of the iconic Moai statues from Rapa Nui (Easter Island) has sparked debate for over a century. A thorough analysis of 962 moai, concentrating on 62 road statues, by Professor Carl Lipo from Binghamton University and Dr. Terry Hunt from the University of Arizona utilized 3D modeling and field experiments to reveal that small groups of ancient Rapa Nui individuals may have utilized ropes to “walk” the massive statues in a zigzag motion along purposefully constructed roads.



Carl P. Lipo and Terry L. Hunt employed 3D modeling and field tests to verify that the ancient inhabitants of Rapa Nui “walked” the moai statues. Image credit: Carl Lipo.

Previously, Professor Lipo and his team had provided experimental proof that the large statues were “walked” from the quarry to ceremonial platforms using an upright rocking motion, countering the notion that they were moved lying flat on wooden contraptions.

“Once you initiate movement, it’s quite manageable. People can pull it with one arm, conserving energy and moving quickly,” stated Professor Lipo.

“The challenging part is getting it rocking from the outset. The key question is, what does it take if the statue is exceptionally large?”

“Is our experimental evidence in line with expectations based on physics?”

To examine the movement of larger statues, Professor Lipo and Dr. Hunt created high-resolution 3D representations of the moai, identifying unique design elements, such as a broad D-shaped base and forward incline, which enhance the likelihood of wobbling or zigzagging.

To test their hypothesis, they constructed a replica moai weighing 4.35 tonnes featuring a special ‘forward leaning’ design.

Only 18 individuals managed to transport the moai 100 meters in just 40 minutes, a significant enhancement over earlier vertical transportation methods.

“The physics is sound,” Professor Lipo remarked.

“What we observe in experiments is effective. And as sizes increase, it remains applicable.”

“The characteristics of giant object movement only become more consistent as they grow larger, as that becomes the sole viable approach to relocating them.”

Further backing for this theory lies in the roads of Rapa Nui.

This road, measuring 4.5 meters in width and concave in shape, was well-suited for stabilizing the statue during its movement.

“Each time the statue is moved, it appears as if a road is being formed. The road plays a role in the statue’s movement,” Professor Lipo explained.

“We’re essentially observing them overlapping and many parallel paths being created.”

“What they likely did was clear one path, move the statue, then clear another, adjusting their route in a specific sequence.”

“Thus, they devoted considerable time to the road aspect.”

“Currently, no other explanation sufficiently accounts for how the moai were moved. The challenge for others is to disprove this hypothesis.”

“Provide evidence that contradicts the walking theory, since I have yet to encounter information that challenges it.”

“In fact, every finding and thought we have encountered thus far continues to reinforce this hypothesis.”

“Our research pays homage to the Rapa Nui people, who accomplished a remarkable engineering achievement with limited resources.”

“This illustrates the incredible intelligence of the Rapa Nui, as they comprehended this process.”

“They executed it in a manner that aligns with the resources at their disposal.”

“It is truly a privilege to showcase their achievements. We can learn a great deal from their methodologies.”

The team’s study was published in the archeology journal.

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Carl P. Lipo and Terry L. Hunt. 2025. The Walking Moai Hypothesis: Archaeological Evidence, Experimental Testing, and Responses to Critics. archeology journal 183: 106383; doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106383

Source: www.sci.news

New Research Confirms Multiple Instances of Water Activity in Jezero Crater

Minerals constitute the building blocks of rocks, and the specific minerals and their chemical compositions reveal significant insights into rock formation and history. On Mars, NASA’s dedicated rover, equipped with X-ray lithochemistry (PIXL) instruments, produces geochemical maps of rock surfaces. A recent study examined over 90,000 chemical analyses collected by PIXL during its first 1,100 days on Mars, revealing that the minerals in Jezero Crater interact with various types of liquids over time. result This will be published in Journal of Geophysics: Planets.

This image from NASA’s Mars reconnaissance orbiter showcases the Jezero Crater on Mars. Image credits: NASA/JPL-CALTECH/MSSS/JHU-APL.

In this research, Eleanor Moreland, a Rice University graduate student, along with her team, utilized mineral identification through stoichiometry (MIST) algorithms to analyze PIXL data.

PIXL determines the chemical composition by bombarding Martian rocks with X-rays, yielding the most comprehensive geochemical measurements ever obtained from another planet.

“The minerals identified in Jezero Crater through MIST indicate that these volcanic rocks interacted with liquid water multiple times throughout Mars’ history, suggesting the potential for habitable conditions,” Moreland stated.

Minerals form under specific environmental conditions, such as temperature, pH, and the chemical composition of fluids, making them reliable narrators of planetary history.

Within Jezero Crater, 24 mineral species illustrate the volcanic characteristics of the Martian surface and their interactions with water over time.

Water chemically alters rocks, producing salt or clay minerals, with the specific minerals formed depending on environmental variables.

The minerals discovered in the crater showcase three different types of liquid interactions, each indicating distinct possibilities for habitability.

The first mineral suite, featuring green arilite, hizingerite, and ferroaluminoceradonite, shows localized high-temperature acidic fluids present only in crater bedrock, interpreted as among the oldest rocks studied.

The water involved in this scenario is regarded as the most conducive to life, given that research on Earth suggests high temperatures and low pH can harm biological structures.

“These hot, acidic conditions present the toughest challenges to life,” commented Kirsten Siebach, a researcher at Rice University.

“However, on Earth, life can thrive in extreme environments such as the acidic waters of Yellowstone, so this doesn’t negate the possibility of habitability.”

The second mineral suite favors more hospitable conditions and indicates a medium neutral fluid present over larger areas.

Minerals like Minnesotaite and Clinoptilolite were detected on both the crater floor and fan area, forming at lower temperatures with neutral pH, while Clinoptilolite was restricted to the crater floor.

Lastly, the third category represents a cold alkaline liquid, considered highly habitable from a modern Earth perspective.

Sepiolite, a common mineral change on Earth, was found to form under moderate temperature and alkaline conditions, widely distributed across all units explored by the rover.

The presence of sepiolite in all these units indicates multiple episodes of liquid water contributing to habitable conditions in Jezero Crater.

“These minerals demonstrate that Jezero Crater has undergone a transition from harsher, hotter, acidic liquid conditions to more neutral and alkaline environments over time.

Given that Mars samples cannot be prepared or scanned as accurately as Earth samples, the team developed an uncertainty propagation model to enhance the findings.

Using a statistical approach, MIST repeatedly assessed mineral identification while considering potential errors, analogous to how meteorologists predict hurricane paths by utilizing numerous models.

“Error analysis enables us to assign confidence levels to all mineral identifications,” Moreland remarked.

“MIST assists not just with the scientific and decision-making processes of Mars 2020, but also establishes a mineralogical archive of Jezero Crater, which will be invaluable if samples are returned to Earth.”

The findings affirm that Jezero Crater, once home to an ancient lake, has experienced a complex, dynamic aqueous history.

Each new mineral discovery brings us closer to determining whether Mars has ever supported life, while also refining strategies for sample collection and return.

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Eleanor L. Moreland et al. 2025. Multiple episodes of fluid changes in Jezero Crater indicated by the identification of MIST minerals in PIXL XRF data from the first 1100 SOL of the Mars 2020 mission. Journal of Geophysics: Planets 130 (9): e2024je008797; doi: 10.1029/2024je008797

Source: www.sci.news

We Assert That CO2 Emissions Are Not Detrimental—Climate Science Confirms This.

EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin at the agency’s headquarters.

Kayla Bartkowski/Getty Images

The Trump administration seeks to undermine the U.S. government’s capacity to regulate greenhouse gas emissions by asserting that these gases don’t pose a threat to public health. This initiative fits into a broader effort to loosen restrictions on power plants and vehicles by claiming that regulations hinder economic growth. However, this legal stance appears flimsy when juxtaposed with the extensive body of climate science demonstrating that increased greenhouse gas levels present a significant danger.

“This debate is nonsensical and lacks validity,” he remarks. David Doniger, part of the Natural Resources Defense Council, advocates for revisions from the administration.

The legal arguments hinge on a 2009 ruling by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which concluded that greenhouse gas emissions from American power plants and vehicles indeed pose risks to human health. This “endangerment finding” grants regulatory authority to agencies overseeing these emissions. Subsequently, regulations have been implemented, enhancing fuel efficiency in vehicles and contributing to the previous administration’s initiatives aimed at minimizing emissions from power plants.

On July 29, EPA administrator Zeldin announced efforts to abolish these endangerment findings, dubbing it “the largest deregulation effort in U.S. history.” However, before this change occurs, the agency is required to publicly justify its decision and defend it against an impending lawsuit.

In a draft of the new regulations, the EPA asserts that the increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere do not present a sufficient threat to justify emission reductions. This position contradicts key conclusions from climate science organizations such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, several U.S. national climate assessments, and even the EPA itself in 2009, which identified evidence that greenhouse gases pose a “strong and clear” risk.

“I think they’re throwing every possible argument out there to see what resonates,” Doniger comments. “They are recycling both old and new theories, all of which are quite weak.”

According to a 2018 study, evidence indicating risks associated with greenhouse gases has only intensified over recent decades. This reassessment of the decade-old endangerment rationale indicates advancements in climate science provide clearer tools to evaluate how climate change affects specific extreme weather events. Additionally, specific greenhouse gas emissions can be directly tied to damage from various extreme temperature occurrences.

To challenge this consensus, the EPA heavily leans on preliminary findings. A report released by the Department of Energy and authored by five well-known skeptics of mainstream climate science acknowledges that carbon dioxide contributes to global warming. However, it questions the extent of this damage in the U.S. and discusses the positive effects of CO2 on plant growth, including its use as a fertilizer.

While some aspects of this report may reflect truths corroborated by climate science, other researchers contend that its flawed methodology fails to consider significant evidence that contradicts its overall conclusions. While CO2 may indeed promote plant growth, rising temperatures are anticipated to have a far more detrimental impact on agriculture and ecosystems.

“They selectively sift through data to find examples supporting their narrative while systematically ignoring far more substantial evidence that discredits it,” states Andrew Dessler of Texas A&M University.

“I’m somewhat astonished that the government has released a document like this as an official publication,” adds Zeke Hausfather from Berkeley Earth, a nonprofit research organization in California. “It resembles a blog post—an unorganized assortment of cherry-picked instances that fail to represent the broader, frequently criticized claims made by skeptics or the findings from extensive climate science research.”

Hausfather, who has been referenced multiple times in the DOE report, criticizes it as lacking peer review. He contrasts its production—drafted by a small team over several months—with the National Climate Assessment, a comprehensive effort involving hundreds of contributors over several years that was ultimately rejected by the Trump administration.

“The idea that these emissions incur no social costs is a thoroughly incorrect and exhausting argument,” argues Justin Mankin from Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. Reflecting on the extreme conditions associated with the warmest year on record in 2025, he emphasizes the stark reality: “What’s strikingly evident is that the repercussions of global warming are far greater than we understood in 2009.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

New Research Confirms: Fingers Wrinkle Consistently When Soaked in Water

A recent investigation by researchers at Binghamton University reveals that the wrinkle patterns on terrain caused by prolonged human hand immersion in water remain consistent and repetitive over time.



Images of skin wrinkles on topography were overlaid with each other from two different time points 24 hours apart, with opacity levels (a) 0%, (b) 50%, (c) 100%. Image credit: Guy German.

Several years ago, Guy K. Germany from Binghamton University conducted research into the reasons behind the wrinkling of human skin after prolonged exposure to water.

It was commonly assumed that water causes the skin to swell and wrinkle, yet substantial research to validate this was limited.

The finding revealed that the contraction of blood vessels beneath the skin leads to the formation of these wrinkles.

Recent research indicates that the topographical patterns of these wrinkles are consistent across multiple instances of immersion.

“The blood vessels maintain a relatively static position. They may shift slightly, but in relation to each other, they remain largely unchanged,” stated Dr. Deutsche.

“This suggests that wrinkles will form in a consistent manner, and we have confirmed this through our study.”

The researchers submerged subjects’ fingers in water for 30 minutes, captured images, and repeated the process under identical conditions at least 24 hours later.

By analyzing the photographs, Dr. Deutsche and his colleague Rachel Raytin observed identical patterns of raised loops and ridges after both immersion events.

“We also uncovered some fascinating aspects during our study,” Dr. Deutsche remarked.

“I learned that individuals with median nerve damage in their fingers do not exhibit wrinkles.”

“One of my students revealed, ‘I have median nerve damage in my finger.’ We tested this hypothesis—no wrinkles!”

While it was amusing to explore these inquiries, this new research may have significant applications in forensic medicine, such as in fingerprinting at crime scenes or identifying remains found after extended exposure to water.

“My father, a retired British police officer, encountered such challenges during his career in law enforcement,” Dr. Deutsche shared.

“Biometrics and fingerprinting are ingrained in my thinking. I constantly ponder these topics due to their compelling nature.”

Survey results will be published in Journal of Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials.

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Rachel Raytin & Guy K. Germany. 2025. For reproducibility of the topographical pattern of water finger wrinkles, soak in human skin. Journal of Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 165, 106935; doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.106935

Source: www.sci.news

Science Confirms: A Ginger Cat is a Genetic Anomaly

The ginger cat results from a unique genetic variation that, as far as scientists can tell, isn’t found in other species.

A recent survey published in Current Biology reveals that this variation is linked to the faulty expression of a gene called Arhgap36, which has never been associated with the development of mammalian ginger fur.

Interestingly, this gene resides on the X chromosome, which helps explain why most orange cats are male.

Similar to other male animals, including humans, cats possess one X and one Y chromosome. The gene for orange fur is on the X chromosome; therefore, if a male inherits an X chromosome with the orange gene, he will display an entirely orange coat.

Conversely, female cats have two X chromosomes. To display complete orange fur, they must inherit the orange gene from both of their X chromosomes. If they inherit it on only one, the other X may carry a non-orange gene.

This results in a mix of colors in their fur—like the patchy orange, black, and white patterns observed in Calico and Tortoiseshell cats.

Female cats with one copy of the orange gene often have partially orange fur, like this calico cat. – Credit: Jacobi’s Nils via Getty

The relationship between orange fur and sex applies to cats but not to other orange mammals, such as tigers, orangutans, or red-haired humans.

According to Dr. Christopher Kaelin, Senior Scientist and Lead Author at Stanford Medicine Genetics and Research, the orange mutations in those animals occur due to one of two genes, neither of which are sex-linked.

As a result, orange cats appear to be “genetic exceptions.”

The study confirms that ginger cats exhibit genetic anomalies, but the evidence is still inconclusive regarding whether this unique trait contributes to their reputation for being a mischievous bunch.

To determine if the ARHGAP36 mutation has any impact beyond fur color, researchers have examined various organs, including the kidneys, heart, brain, and adrenal glands, in both orange and non-orange cats, finding no significant differences.

Kaelin remarked, “I don’t think we can exclude the possibility of gene expression changes in untested tissues that might influence behavior.”

He also mentioned that the prevalent notion of orange cats causing chaos could largely be attributed to their male predominance, noting that there is limited scientific research on the personalities of orange cats.

Read more:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Study Confirms Climate Change Intensified April Floods

Severe thunderstorms in April resulted in historic downpours and flooding across Arkansas, Kentucky, and other states, exacerbated by climate change.

This information comes from the World Weather Attributes Project, a consortium of scientists studying major weather events in relation to climate change.

From April 3 to April 6, heavy rainfall hit the southeastern U.S., leading to widespread flooding, flood warnings for over 70 million individuals, at least 15 fatalities, the sweeping away of vehicles, and train derailments.

By utilizing climate models alongside historical data, researchers examined storm systems across eight affected states and concluded that the current weather patterns were approximately 9% more intense due to global warming, with a 40% increased likelihood compared to a scenario without such warming.

Ben Clark, a researcher at Imperial College London, stated, “We conclude that the existing 1.3 degrees Celsius of warming has intensified the extreme rainfall leading to flooding in the region. A warmer atmosphere retains more moisture.”

The outcome was severe flooding in Frankfort, Kentucky, along with a rainy day in the Midwest on April 7th.
Leandro Lozada/AFP Getty Images file

The 1.3 degrees reference indicates how much warmer the planet has become in Celsius since humanity began releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere post-Industrial Revolution—a conversion of approximately 2.4 degrees Fahrenheit.

Clark noted that the probability estimates from the group are conservative. The researchers identified a unique weather configuration that contributed to the extreme rainfall.

Shell Winkley, a meteorologist with Climate Central, a nonprofit news organization involved in the report, explained that a low-pressure system interacting with a high-pressure ridge caused the thunderstorms to repeatedly affect the same areas in the Southeast and Midwest.

“This front was the route through which these storms moved, and there was also a trigger mechanism. The thunderstorms accumulated rain on already saturated soil,” Winkley noted. “This event is a fascinating intersection of weather and climate change.”

According to Winkley, the National Weather Service issued the third highest weather warning on April 2.

“By the end of the day, the National Weather Service had released 728 separate thunderstorm and tornado warnings from various offices, with numerous locations experiencing extreme rainfall between April 3 and April 6, with some areas seeing up to 16 inches,” Winkley explained.

After a significant storm in Portageville, Missouri on April 7th, vehicles navigate through flooded streets.
Scott Olson/Getty Images File

Upon reviewing historical rainfall from April, researchers indicated that similar storm systems are anticipated every century in the current warm climate.

Gerald Brotzge, a Kentucky climatologist and professor at the University of Kentucky Western University, initially approached such studies with skepticism, particularly those linking large-scale flooding to climate change without accounting for unique weather setups. However, he found this study credible.

Brotzge remarked, “It appears they conducted a thorough analysis. In this instance, a stagnant boundary allowed thunderstorms to constantly form in the same locality—an accurate observation.”

Brotzge noted that Kentucky has warmed by nearly 1.8 degrees Celsius (approximately 3.2 degrees Fahrenheit) over the last 130 years and has been experiencing increased rainfall.

“Our annual rainfall has risen by about 10%,” Brotzge stated. “Half of our ten wettest years have occurred since 2011, with 2011 being the wettest and 2018 as the second wettest.”

The World Weather Attribution is a team of scientists who quickly assess the influence of climate change on extreme weather events. Their methodology has undergone peer review, though some analyses are not immediately reviewed. Previous studies by the group on heatwaves, wildfires, and hurricanes have also faced academic scrutiny.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

OpenAI Reverses Course, Confirms Non-Profit Sector Will Maintain Control of the Company

OpenAI has reversed its decision regarding the transition to a for-profit model, with the nonprofit sector continuing to oversee the operations that produce ChatGPT and other AI products. Initially, the company sought greater autonomy for its for-profit entities.

“We listened to feedback from civic leaders and consulted with the California Attorney General and the Delaware office before the nonprofit opted to retain control,” said CEO Sam Altman in a letter to employees. Bret Taylor, chair of Altman and OpenAI’s nonprofit board, affirmed that the decision was made to ensure the nonprofit maintains oversight of OpenAI.

According to a company press release, the segment of OpenAI’s for-profit organization led by Altman, which secured billions in funding, will aim for profit but will transition to a public benefit corporation. This corporate framework is mission-driven, requiring a balance between shareholder profit and public benefit. The nonprofit will continue to hold significant control as a major shareholder of these public benefit corporations.

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Initially founded by Altman and Tesla CEO Elon Musk, OpenAI started as a nonprofit research organization with the goal of safely developing artificial general intelligence (AGI) for the benefit of humanity. Nearly a decade later, OpenAI boasts a valuation of $300 million and an impressive 400 million weekly users of its flagship product, ChatGPT.

OpenAI has encountered several challenges in restructuring its governance. A significant hurdle has been a lawsuit from Musk, who criticized the company and Altman for betraying the ethical principles that motivated his initial investment. Following his departure, Musk established a rival AI firm called Xai, which recently acquired Twitter, now known as X. OpenAI ultimately prevailed in its conflict with Musk, who has struggled in the wake of OpenAI’s growing success.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Nvidia confirms US will restrict sales of additional AI chips to China

Nvidia stated on Tuesday that the US government will sell some of its artificial intelligence chips to China without a license and will require a license for future sales.

These restrictions mark the first major limitations imposed by President Trump’s administration on semiconductor sales overseas. This decision could lead to Nvidia’s sales to China diminishing in the near future, as the US has restricted the export of chips to its geopolitical rivals.

Nvidia has been striving to maintain sales to China amidst increasing government restrictions. In response to rules imposed by the Biden administration in 2022, Nvidia modified its main AI chip, the H100, to comply with the US government’s regulations. The resulting H20 chip has now become a product exclusively available in China.

NVIDIA is projected to incur a $5.5 billion expense against current quarterly revenues due to H20 inventory, purchase commitments, and related reserves.

The impact of these restrictions is more strategic than financial. Nvidia holds a dominant position in the semiconductor market for artificial intelligence systems. Selling chips to China is vital for its future, and losing access to this market could potentially benefit Huawei, a leading Chinese AI chip manufacturer, in challenging Nvidia globally.

“This decision will limit Nvidia’s reach in key markets and weaken its influence in the country,” stated Patrick Moorhead, a technology analyst at Moor Insights & Strategy. “Chinese companies may simply turn to Huawei as an alternative.”

Nvidia declined to provide a comment. The company’s stock price dropped over 5% in after-hours trading on Tuesday.

Commerce Department spokesperson Benno Kass announced on Tuesday that the government will be enforcing new export licensing requirements for NVIDIA H20 chips, AMD’s MI308 chip, and equivalents.

“The Commerce Department is dedicated to implementing the President’s directive to safeguard our national and economic security,” Kass remarked.

Nvidia announced changes to its regulatory filings on Tuesday, a day after earning praise from the White House for committing to invest $500 billion in US AI infrastructure. The company plans to begin manufacturing servers at its Houston plant and collaborate with a chip packaging company based in Arizona.

Despite these commitments, a regulatory submission revealed that NVIDIA will need to seek licenses from China for selling AI chips following notification from the Trump administration. The administration confirmed on Tuesday that the licensing requirements will remain in place indefinitely.

This development follows a meeting between Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang and Trump at a $1 million Mar-a-Lago dinner per person. Speculation arose that the US government might relent on its plans to restrict Nvidia’s sales to China.

Since taking office, the Trump administration has vowed to crack down on US support for Chinese AI companies. The emergence of Chinese startup Deepseek in recent months, which developed an AI system at a fraction of the cost typically spent by US companies, has raised concerns in Washington.

During his nomination hearing, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick emphasized the need to prevent Chinese companies from leveraging American technology to compete against the US.

Nvidia reported $17 billion in sales to China last year. As US government restrictions continue, the company’s operations face significant challenges, with sales to China dropping from about a fifth of Nvidia’s revenue in 2023 to 13% last year.

In its filing, NVIDIA did not indicate the impact of the licensing requirements on future sales. Analysts suggest that stock may be limited as the H20 chips have been modified to match the performance of the H100 chip, which can still be sold by US and European companies.

Source: www.nytimes.com

Elon Musk confirms sale of X to his AI startup Xai

Elon Musk announced on Friday that his social media company, X, sold its artificial intelligence startup, Xa, in a rare financial arrangement within the business empire of the world’s wealthiest man.

The total stock trading valued Xai at $80 billion and X at $30 billion. X’s price fell from the $44 billion it paid to social media companies in 2022, but it was still higher than the $12 billion valuation given by some X investors recently. Xai’s final valuation in the December funding round was about $40 billion.

The two companies are private and already share important resources such as engineers. Xai’s chatbot, Grok, is trained with data posted by X users and is available in X. A banker at X for X informed investors that a portion of the social media company’s revenue came from Xai.

In his post, Musk wrote, “The future of Xai and X are intertwined. Today, we have officially taken a step towards combining data, models, calculation, distribution, and talent. The total company will provide a smarter, more meaningful experience to billions of people, while still remaining true to our core mission of improving knowledge in search of truth.”

The deal highlights Musk’s ability to manipulate different parts of his business empire. He merged the company that had lost value, X, with the company that had gained value, Xai, in a strategic move. Musk previously executed a similar strategy in 2016 when he used Tesla’s stocks to acquire SolarCity.

While Tesla is publicly traded, most of Musk’s other companies, like SpaceX, The Boring Company, and Neuralink, are private and less transparent. Musk often reallocates resources and employees among his businesses, operating them as a single entity.

X’s CEO, Linda Jaccarino, expressed concerns about the future, indicating a downturn in fortunes. X and Xai operate in different orbits, with X being more widely known. Since Musk’s acquisition, X has struggled financially due to controversial decisions and a decline in advertiser confidence.

According to Fidelity, X’s valuation plummeted to $12 billion in December. Some advertisers have returned to X recently, hoping for Musk’s favor, but the company has not yet achieved financial stability.

Xai was founded by Musk in 2023 to compete with OpenAI. Musk’s strategic moves and financial decisions have had a significant impact on X’s performance and revenue generation.

Despite challenges, the company remains resilient and continues to work towards its revenue targets. X’s focus on innovation and growth reflects its commitment to delivering value in the tech industry.

Musk’s vision for Xai and X reflects a strategic alignment of data, technology, and talent. The convergence of these resources aims to revolutionize the user experience and enhance knowledge discovery.

With Musk at the helm, X and Xai are poised to unlock new potentials and drive growth in the tech ecosystem. The integration of their capabilities will redefine the boundaries of innovation and propel the companies to new heights.

As Musk continues to navigate the complexities of business and technology, his visionary leadership will shape the future trajectory of X and Xai. The synergy between these entities promises a transformative journey towards excellence and impact in the digital landscape.

News of the trading deal on Friday was met with enthusiasm within X. Jaccarino’s message to employees underscores the excitement and optimism surrounding the company’s future prospects.

As X and Xai embark on a new chapter of growth and innovation, the resilience and determination of the team will drive them towards success. Musk’s strategic vision and leadership will guide the companies towards a future filled with limitless possibilities and achievements.

Ryan Mac Reports of contributions.

Source: www.nytimes.com

Meta is exploring the possibility of charging UK users for an ad-free version, confirms statement

The owners of Facebook and Instagram are contemplating the possibility of charging UK users for an ad-free version of the platform following an agreement on a landmark privacy case payment.

Meta, led by Mark Zuckerberg, has agreed to stop targeting users with personalized advertising after reaching a legal settlement in the London High Court, thus avoiding a trial.

In 2022, human rights activist Tanya O’Carroll filed a lawsuit against the trillion-dollar company, alleging that Facebook violated UK data laws by disregarding her right to opt out of data collection for targeted advertising purposes.

O’Carroll expressed satisfaction after both parties resolved the lawsuit, with Meta committing to ending the practice of targeting her with tailored ads based on her personal data. The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO), a UK data watchdog, supported O’Carroll’s position, emphasizing people’s right to object to the use of their personal information for direct marketing.

O’Carroll believes that the ICO’s stance, as disclosed in its filing in the high court, could set a precedent for similar legal actions.

“This settlement is not just a win for me, but for all those who value their fundamental right to privacy,” O’Carroll stated. “None of us consented to being bombarded with years of surveillance ads.”

Meta has stated its firm opposition to O’Carroll’s claims and emphasized its compliance with the UK’s privacy law GDPR. The company is considering introducing subscription services in the UK, where users would pay to access ad-free services. Advertising currently contributes to about 98% of Meta’s revenue.

“We are exploring the possibility of offering subscriptions to users in the UK and will provide more details soon,” Meta announced.

Last year, the ICO indicated that it was assessing how UK data protection laws apply to ad-free subscription services.

In the EU, Meta already offers ad-free services for 7.99 euros per month following a ruling by the European Court of Justice.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Webb confirms Hubble’s calculations of distance

New observations by NASA/ESA/CSA’s James Webb Space Telescope confirm previous measurements by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope of the distances between nearby stars and galaxies, and confirm measurements of the universe’s mysterious expansion. Provide critical cross-checking to address discrepancies. This contradiction, known as the Hubble tension, remains unexplained by even the best cosmological models.

This artist’s impression shows the evolution of the universe, starting with the Big Bang on the left and continuing with the emergence of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The formation of the first stars ends the Dark Ages of the universe, followed by the formation of galaxies. Image credit: M. Weiss / Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

“The discrepancy between the observed rate of expansion of the universe and the predictions of the Standard Model suggests that our understanding of the universe may be incomplete,” said Nobel laureate and Johns Hopkins University professor Adam Riess. “There is,” he said.

“Now that NASA’s two flagship telescopes are confirming each other’s discoveries, we must take this issue very seriously. It’s a challenge, but it’s a It’s also a great opportunity to learn more.”

The new research builds on Professor Rees’ Nobel Prize-winning discovery that the expansion of the universe is being accelerated by a mysterious dark energy that permeates the vast expanses of space between stars and galaxies.

The authors used the largest sample of Webb data collected during the first two years of the universe to test the Hubble telescope’s measure of the rate of expansion of the universe, a number known as the Hubble constant.

They used three different methods to measure the distance to the galaxy where the supernova occurred, using a method previously measured by the Hubble telescope and known to provide the most accurate “local” measurement of this number. We focused on the distance that is being

Observations from both telescopes were in close agreement, revealing that Hubble’s measurements were accurate and eliminating inaccuracies large enough to attribute the tension to Hubble’s errors.

Still, the Hubble constant remains a mystery. This is because measurements based on current telescopic observations of the universe produce higher values ​​compared to projections made using the standard model of cosmology. The Standard Model is a widely accepted framework for how the universe works, calibrated with cosmic microwave background data. Weak radiation left over from the Big Bang.

The Standard Model Hubble constant is approximately 67-68 km/sec per megaparsec, but measurements based on telescope observations typically yield higher values ​​of 70-76, with an average of 73 km/sec/megaparsec.

This discrepancy has puzzled cosmologists for more than a decade. A difference of 5 to 6 kilometers per second per megaparsec is too large to be explained solely by deficiencies in measurement and observation technology.

Webb’s new data eliminates significant bias in Hubble’s measurements, so the Hubble tension could be due to unknown factors or gaps in cosmologists’ understanding of physics that have yet to be discovered.

“Webb’s data represent the first high-definition view of the universe, greatly improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurements,” said Xiang Li, a graduate student at Johns Hopkins University. .

This image, taken with the Nicholas U. Mayall 4-meter telescope, shows the spiral galaxy Messier 106. Two dwarf galaxies (NGC 4248 in the lower right and UGC 7356 in the lower left) also appear in the image. Image credits: KPNO / NOIRLab / NSF / AURA / New Mexico State University MT Patterson / University of Alaska Anchorage TA Chancellor / M. Zamani & D. de Martin.

The astronomers used the known distance to the spiral galaxy Messier 106 (also known as M106 or NGC 4258) as a reference point to cover roughly one-third of Hubble’s total galaxy sample.

Despite the small dataset, they achieved impressive accuracy, showing less than 2% difference between measurements. This is much smaller than the approximately 8-9% size of the Hubble tension mismatch.

In addition to analyzing pulsating stars called Cepheid variable stars, the gold standard for measuring distances in the universe, they cross-checked measurements based on the brightest red giant stars in the same galaxy as carbon-rich stars. .

All galaxies observed by Webb with supernovae yielded a Hubble constant of 72.6 km per second per megaparsec. This is about the same as the 72.8 km per second per megaparsec that Hubble found for the very same galaxy.

“One possible explanation for the Hubble tension is that something was missing in our understanding of the early universe, such as a new component of matter that unexpectedly bombarded the universe after the Big Bang, nascent dark energy. I guess so,” Johns said. Mark Kamionkowski, a cosmologist at Hopkins University, was not involved in the study.

“And there are other ideas that might do the trick, like interesting dark matter properties, exotic particles, changing electron masses, or primordial magnetic fields. Theorists have a right to be pretty creative. It is.”

of result Published in astrophysical journal.

_____

Adam G. Reese others. 2024. JWST validates HST distance measurements: Supernova subsample selection explains differences in JWST estimates of local H0. APJ 977, 120; doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad8c21

Source: www.sci.news

New study confirms monkeys did not write Shakespeare

Popular fiction often includes the notion that given enough time, a monkey with a typewriter could recreate the works of William Shakespeare. However, two Australian mathematicians have debunked this idea as unrealistic.

The infinite monkey theorem suggests that given infinite time, a monkey could randomly type out Shakespeare’s plays. This concept has been widely used in popular culture, from “The Simpsons” to “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy.”

In a paper authored by two academics from the University of Technology Sydney, it was established that even if monkeys worked tirelessly to replicate Shakespeare’s works, the universe is more likely to end before they succeed. The study will appear in the December 2024 issue of the peer-reviewed journal Franklin Open.

Stephen Woodcock, an associate professor at the university and one of the paper’s authors, explained that the mathematical concept of infinity can lead to erroneous conclusions in the real world. They concluded that even under the most generous assumptions about monkeys’ typing speed, the likelihood of them reproducing Shakespeare’s works is nearly impossible within the lifespan of the universe.

The paper introduces a “heat death” theory as the end of the universe, which would occur before a monkey could realistically achieve the feat. However, critics argue that by imposing a time limit, the essence of the “infinite” theory is lost.

The study calculates that a monkey with a 30-letter keyboard has only a 5% chance of typing the word “banana” in its lifetime. This contrasts with Shakespeare’s 884,421-word complete works, of which “banana” is not included.

While some scholars believe the theorem is a common theoretical concept and have dismissed the need to debunk it, the authors expressed surprise at being the first to formally challenge it. The likelihood of a monkey typing even a short phrase like “I am a chimpanzee, therefore I exist” is extremely low, making the proposed theory highly improbable.

Ultimately, the study suggests that the notion of monkeys reproducing Shakespeare’s works is highly unlikely and may need to be reconsidered in light of mathematical and scientific principles.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

DNA analysis confirms the identity of ‘Wellman’ skeleton with an 800-year-old Norwegian tale

Complete skeletal remains of “Wellman”

Eiji Hojem, NTNU University Museum

Researchers now believe they have identified the remains of a Norwegian story written more than 800 years ago that depicts a dead man being thrown into a castle well.

The Sverris Saga is a 182-section Old Norse document that records the exploits of King Sverre Sigurdsson, who came to power in the late 12th century. In one section, it is said that rival clans who attacked Sveresborg Castle near Trondheim, Norway, “took the dead, threw them into a well, and buried them with stones.”

The well was located within the castle walls and was the only permanent source of water for the area. It has been speculated that the man thrown into the well in this story may have been suffering from a disease, and that throwing him into the well may have been an early act of biological warfare.

In 1938, part of a medieval well in the ruins of Sveresborg Castle was drained, and a skeleton was discovered beneath the rubble and rocks at the bottom. The skeleton, known as “Wellman,” was widely believed to be the remains of the person mentioned in the story, but it was impossible to confirm that at the time.

now, Anna Petersen Researchers at the Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage in Oslo used radiocarbon dating and DNA analysis of the remains' teeth to show that the range of dates in which the man was alive is consistent with the castle raid. . Although it's not conclusive proof that the man is the person mentioned in the story, “circumstantial evidence is consistent with this conclusion,” Pellersen said.

The Well Man's skeleton was discovered in 1938

Riksantikvaren (Norwegian Directorate General for Cultural Heritage)

Additionally, the team was able to further enrich the story. “The investigation we conducted uncovered many details about both the incident and the person that were not mentioned in the story episode,” Petersen said.

For example, DNA suggests he likely had blue eyes and blonde or light brown hair. Researchers also believe, based on comparisons with modern and ancient Norwegian DNA,
that his ancestors came from Vest Agder County, in what is now the southernmost tip of Norway.

What they couldn't find was any evidence that the men were thrown into the well because they were sick or to make drinking water unavailable, but no evidence to the contrary. can't be found, and the question remains unanswered.

michael martin The researchers at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim say their approach of matching historical documents with DNA evidence will help them build family trees of long-deceased royal families and “physically reveal life stories such as movements.” He states that it may also be applicable to “describing and drawing schematically.” Anonymous people whose remains were recovered from archaeological excavations across geographic regions. ”

Researchers collected DNA from one of the skeleton's teeth

Norwegian Institute of Cultural Heritage (NIKU)

“To my knowledge, this is the earliest instance in which genomic information has been recovered from a specific person, or even a specific person, described in an ancient text,” Martin said.

He says generating genomic information from ancient skeletons can provide new details about a person. “These details are not included in the original text, so genetic data enriches the story and provides a way to separate fact from fiction,” Martin says.

topic:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Study Confirms the Health Benefits of Vegetable Oils

New dietary intervention studies Published in the journal Nature MedicineSwitching from a diet high in saturated animal fats to one high in unsaturated plant fats affects the composition of fats in your blood, which can affect your long-term disease risk.
Eichelmann othersThis shows that it is possible to accurately measure diet-related changes in blood fats and directly link them to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Image courtesy of Tung Lam.
The World Health Organization (WHO) highlights the importance of a healthy diet in preventing chronic diseases and recommends replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats from plant sources to reduce cardiometabolic risk.
However, limitations in existing research mean these guidelines are of moderate certainty.
The new study addressed these limitations by conducting a detailed analysis of fats in the blood, also known as lipids, using a technique called lipidomics.
These highly detailed lipid measurements have allowed researchers to innovatively combine different types of studies to link diet and disease.
This approach combines dietary intervention studies (using highly controlled diets) with previously conducted cohort studies with long-term health follow-up.
“Our collaboration provides conclusive evidence that diets low in saturated fat and high in unsaturated vegetable fats have health benefits and may help to provide targeted dietary advice to people who would benefit most from changing their eating habits,” said Professor Julie Lovegrove, from the University of Reading.
“Our study provides further conclusive evidence that diets high in unsaturated vegetable fats, such as the Mediterranean diet, are beneficial for health,” added researcher Dr Clemens Wittenbecher from Chalmers University of Technology.
The study included 113 participants from the DIVAS trial, a single-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel trial.
For 16 weeks, one group ate a diet high in saturated animal fats and the other group ate a diet high in unsaturated vegetable fats.
The blood samples were analyzed using lipid analysis techniques to identify specific lipid molecules that reflected the different diets consumed by each participant.
“We summarized the effects on blood lipids in a Multi Lipid Score (MLS),” said Dr Fabian Eichelmann, researcher at the German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam-Rehbrücke.
“A high MLS indicates a healthy blood fat profile, and such good MLS levels can be achieved by consuming more unsaturated vegetable fats and less saturated animal fats.”
“These MLS results from dietary intervention studies were statistically associated with incident cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in previous large observational studies.”
“These large cohort studies followed initially healthy participants for several years.”
Analysis of data from both studies showed that participants with a higher MLS, indicating a beneficial dietary fat composition, had a significantly reduced risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases.
Additionally, the scientists investigated whether people with lower MLS levels, indicative of a higher saturated fat content in their diet, particularly benefited from a healthier diet.
The Mediterranean diet, which focuses on consuming more unsaturated vegetable fats, was used in one of the large intervention trials known as the PREDIMED trial.
From this study, the authors found that the diabetes prevention effect was most pronounced in individuals who had low MLS levels at the start of the study.
“Because diet is so complex, it's often difficult to draw conclusive evidence from a single study,” Dr. Wittenbecher said.
“Our approach of combining a highly controlled dietary intervention study with lipid analysis and a prospective cohort study with long-term health follow-up can overcome current limitations in nutrition research.”
_____
F. Eichelmann othersLipid changes through improving the quality of dietary fats can aid in cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision nutrition. National MedPublished online July 11, 2024; doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-03124-1
This article is a version of a press release provided by the University of Reading.

Source: www.sci.news

Recent Update: Professor confirms abandoned bird nest is still present

Nest: Still abandoned

Be prepared. A neglected bird's nest still remains in the mouth of a large ancient stone sculpture of a human face, hanging high on the wall at the northern end of the outdoor garden known as the “Michelangelo's Corridor” at the National Roman Museum in Rome, reports a professor at University College London (UCL). The professor discovered the nest during a visit to the museum in April this year and reported it to a colleague who is the director of a natural history museum in the Netherlands. The colleague visited the National Roman Museum the next day and asked if he could take the nest back to the museum in Rotterdam to add it to his biological curiosities collection, rather than having the staff remove it and destroy or dispose of it. The request was greeted with enthusiastic gratitude from two staff members at the Roman Museum, but a third staff member who happened to come across the scene with a ladder when the first two climbed the ladder to remove the previously unnoticed nest from the sculpture's mouth, and warned that no twig or pebble should ever leave his museum.

Photos of the nest in question can be seen in the May 8th feedback.

In early June, the UCL professor quietly revisited the National Museum of Rome and shortly thereafter sent out a “it's still there” report to Feedback.

Feedback: We are more than happy to receive reports from future visitors to Michelangelo's Cloister observing whether the empty nest (one might call it an “amuse-bouche”) is still nestled in the statue's mouth.

Not Your Way

Reader Ashok Khushalani contributes to Feedback's collection of inspiring and admirable organizational slogans that have been replaced, supplanted, or clearly abandoned, though not always obvious to the general public (May 18). Classic examples include IBM's “THINK” and Google's “Don't be evil.”

Khushalani laments the disappearance of Burger King's slogan, “Make it your way,” from everyday life, and he suggests that its absence has meaning.

If you know of a hot slogan that was highly promoted and is now in storage, please don’t say it with any ill intent and keep it to yourself.

Instead, please send it along with the documentation as feedback to “Mourning dead slogans”.

A weak theory

North Americans' fascination with rod-shaped objects and the human habit of proposing and then rejecting theories are two factors that have led to theDoes size matter? Penis dissatisfaction and gun ownership in America” “.

Reader Matthew Hall sent a copy to Feedback.

“To our knowledge, this is the first study to formally examine the association between penis size and individual gun ownership in the United States,” Terence D. Hill and colleagues from Texas and Florida wrote. “Our findings do not support the psychosexual theory of gun ownership.”

The same team will be joined by two other researchers in 2021.Sexual Dysfunction and Gun Ownership in the United States: When hard data meets unfounded theory”.

They poured cold water on the often heated public debate, saying: “Our key finding is that [sexual dysfunction] They are no more likely to own a gun than men without SD.”

BustaOr so they apparently said in their previous paper, but that didn't stop them from continuing to write about it. Busta”Ultimately, these arguments are counterproductive to society because they distract us from tangible realities like penis dissatisfaction and gun ownership.”

Smell

The June 12 article about a famous pathologist's inability to smell led reader John Adams to reflect on his own journey as a medical professional.

“As for Sir Bernard Spilsbury's anosmia, I was told as a medical student that this was common because pathologists are exposed to large amounts of formaldehyde fumes which destroy the olfactory nerves. One of the reasons I avoided this specialty is because I want my patients to have answers.”

Feedback suggests that a similar (but milder) preference for conversation leads people to choose dentistry.

Telltale Title

Ideally, the title of a scientific report clearly summarizes its entire content. To encourage this habit, Feedback has compiled a collection called “The Title Tells You Everything You Need to Know.”

Let's look at two examples.The man's fractured sternum was likely caused by the weight of the snake during the fall.” appears British Medical Journal 1997.Experimental replication reveals knife made from frozen human feces doesn't work” was decorated Journal of Archaeological Sciences: Reports 2019.

If you find similarly impressive examples, please submit them as feedback to “Telltale titles,” along with details of the citation.

Marc Abrahams is the founder of the Ig Nobel Prize ceremony and co-founder of the journal Annals of Improbable Research. He previously worked on unusual uses of computers. His website is Impossible

Do you have a story for feedback?

You can submit articles for Feedback by emailing feedback@newscientist.com. Please include your home address. This week's and past Feedback can be found on our website.

Source: www.newscientist.com

Elon Musk Confirms Tesla Shareholders to Vote on $56 Billion Compensation Package

Tesla shareholders are set to approve Elon Musk’s $56 billion remuneration package by a significant margin before the company’s important annual general meeting later today. The compensation package, the largest ever granted to a CEO of a U.S. company, will be subject to an investor vote after being previously rejected by a U.S. court this year. Shareholders will also vote on Musk’s proposal to relocate Tesla’s legal base to Texas.

Several investors, including Norway’s sovereign wealth fund and the California State Teachers Retirement System, have indicated their intent to oppose the compensation package. Proxy advisory firms Glass Lewis and Institutional Shareholder Services have also advised shareholders to reject the pay.

On the eve of the meeting, Musk suggested on X (formerly Twitter) that investors overwhelmingly supported both the compensation package and the Texas relocation: “Both Tesla shareholder resolutions have now passed by large margins! Thank you for your support!!”

The results will be disclosed at Tesla’s headquarters in Texas at 4:30pm ET (9:30pm UK time).

Even if the remuneration package is approved, Musk may encounter further obstacles, including potential litigation. Legal experts doubt that the Delaware court that rejected the initial package would accept a new, nonbinding vote to reinstate it.

Originally approved by Tesla’s board in 2018, the compensation has faced legal challenges from shareholders. Judge Kathleen McCormick of Delaware raised concerns about the size and necessity of the package in her January ruling.

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In her ruling, McCormick questioned the necessity of the compensation plan, stating, “Perhaps swayed by the ‘all-positive’ rhetoric or enthralled by Musk’s superstardom, the board never asked the $55.8 billion question: Was this plan truly necessary for Tesla to retain Musk and achieve its goals?”

Source: www.theguardian.com

Study confirms recent volcanic activity on Venus

Using radar data NASA’s Magellan Project Planetary scientists have detected volcano-related flow features in two different regions of Venus: on the western slope of Sif Mons and in western Niobe Planitia.

This image shows the Schiffmons region with active volcanic areas highlighted in red. Image courtesy of Davide Sulcanese, IRSPS – Università d’Annunzio.

Venus’s thick atmosphere makes it difficult to make direct observations of the planet’s surface.

However, although global radar mapping performed by the Magellan spacecraft in the 1990s showed that Venus’s surface is covered with many volcanoes and was likely formed by extensive volcanic activity in the past, the role of volcanism in Venus’s geological present remained unclear.

However, 2023 Magellan data confirmed evidence of more recent activity from one volcanic vent on the planet’s surface.

In the new study, Davide Sulcanese, a researcher at D’Annunzio University, and his colleagues analyzed two sets of Magellan radar data taken in 1990 and 1992 to look for evidence of volcanic activity.

They found surface changes that could indicate volcanic activity in two areas with volcanic-related features: on the western slope of Mount Sif and in western Niobe Planitia.

After analyzing a range of possible causes, the authors suggest that these fluctuations were likely caused by fresh lava flows.

They suggest that not only is Venus currently a geologically active planet, but that volcanic activity is currently quite widespread.

They also suggest that volcanic activity on Venus is comparable to that on Earth, indicating that Venus is more volcanically active than previously thought.

Artist’s impression of an erupting volcano on Venus. Image courtesy of ESA / AOES Medialab.

“These maps suggest that Venus may be much more volcanically active than previously thought,” Dr Sulcanese said.

“Analysis of lava flows observed at two locations on Venus suggests that volcanic activity on Venus may rival that on Earth.”

“We interpret these signals as flows along the slopes and volcanic plains that, like fluids, may bypass obstacles such as shield volcanoes,” added Dr Marco Mastrogiuseppe, a researcher at Sapienza University of Rome.

“After ruling out other possibilities, we determined that the best interpretation is that these are new lava flows.”

“These new findings about Venus’s recent volcanic activity provide compelling evidence for the types of regions NASA’s upcoming VERITAS mission should target when it arrives at Venus,” said Dr. Suzanne Smrekar, a research scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and VERITAS principal investigator.

“Our spacecraft has a suite of approaches to identify surface changes with much more comprehensiveness and resolution than Magellan’s images.”

“Finding evidence of activity even in the low-resolution Magellan data has great potential to revolutionize our understanding of this mysterious world.”

of result Published in this week’s journal Natural Astronomy.

_____

D. Sulcanese othersEvidence of ongoing volcanic activity on Venus revealed by Magellan radar. Nat AstronPublished online May 27, 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41550-024-02272-1

Source: www.sci.news

Instagram’s CEO confirms that development of Threads API is underway

Instagram head Adam Mosseri said today that the Threads API is in development. This gives developers the opportunity to create different apps and experiences around threads.

Mosseri responded to journalist Casey Newton, who was talking to users about Threads’ TweetDeck-like experience. The head of Instagram expressed concern that publishers are posting so much content that it overshadows the content of creators.

“We’re working on it. My concern is that it means more publisher content rather than creator content, but it still seems like something that needs to be resolved,” Mosseri said. said. post.

Thread takes the position that while the news content is not “anti-news,” it “does not actively amplify the news.” Until now, news publications have relied on third-party tools and integration with various social networks to automatically post to platforms like Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook. Newer platforms like Threads don’t have APIs available, so publishers have to submit content manually, which isn’t ideal for news organizations that submit a large number of articles per day.

Mosseri is concerned that publishers are pushing an overwhelming amount of content through API integrations, but creators also need different tools to post content in different formats. API integration makes it easy for developers to create platform-appropriate functionality.

Social networks like Twitter (now X) and Reddit make it difficult for third-party developers to write clients, allowing Threads to expose APIs for a healthy app ecosystem. Developers have written several clients for competing networks such as Bluesky and Mastodon. However, both networks have a relatively smaller user base than Threads.

Earlier this week, Meta announced that Threads has just under 100 million monthly active users. The API and third-party app ecosystem won’t necessarily drive this number higher, but it will give people a different way to explore the network. The Threads team has released a number of features in the past few months since release. However, with an ecosystem of third-party apps in place, developers can use a variety of ship features that users are looking for.

Additionally, Meta and Mosseri talk about integrating Threads with Fedisverse. Therefore, an open ecosystem with well-managed APIs would be a good step toward achieving that goal.

Source: techcrunch.com