Discovering the World’s Smallest Marsupial: Unveiling Four Distinct Species

Posted on June 30, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Australian scientists have uncovered that what was previously considered a single widespread species of Planigal is actually four distinct species, including a newly identified species that thrives exclusively on the rocky slopes of Kakadu National Park.

Revised distribution of the four Planigale species complex previously classified as Planigale ingrami. Image credit: Umbrello et al., doi: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag082.

Planigals, small marsupials primarily feeding on insects, are known for their flat skulls which allow them to fit into narrow crevices in their habitats.

These unique creatures inhabit various terrestrial environments across Australia and New Guinea, with nine species now recognized.

Among them, Planigale ingrami holds the title of the world’s smallest marsupial, weighing an average of just 4.2 g (as little as 2.6 g) and measuring 5.7 cm from head to body.

A recent study by researchers from the Western Australian Museum and Queensland University of Technology, led by Dr. Lynette Umbrello, utilized genetic analysis and museum specimens to reveal the complex Planigale ingrami species classification, introducing Planigale tea ray and unveiling two unclassified lineages.

The team analyzed DNA samples from over 220 individuals combined with detailed measurements of skull and body proportions, derived from collections in natural history museums across Australia.

“This study leveraged historical samples to identify species that might never be documented in contemporary settings,” Dr. Umbrello noted.

“We undertook thorough genetic sampling and morphological analysis of Planigal specimens from museum collections throughout Australia.

“Our data integration approach, termed integrative taxonomy, enabled us to identify species previously grouped under a single classification.”

The researchers delineated three distinct lineages among the studied samples, including Planigale ingrami.

“We re-listed Planigale subtilissima, previously thought to belong to: Planigale ingrami, as a separate species,” Dr. Umbrello remarked.

“Furthermore, the subspecies Planigale ingrami brunea was reassigned to its original classification.”

“We also discovered a completely new species: Planigale petrophila.

Planigale petrophila (commonly known as the Arnhem Plateau Planigal) is distinguished from its relatives by several characteristics.

While most Planigal species prefer lowland clay soils, this species is adapted to rocky cliff environments.

Significantly larger than its closest relatives, it boasts the longest tail recorded for any Planigal, surpassing its body length.

“Planigale petrophila is a medium-sized Planigal with a notably flat skull and an exceptionally long tail,” the scientists explained.

“It uniquely features the longest tail of any genus member (8.05-9.19cm), outstripping even the larger Planigale novaeguineae specimens (from New Guinea) that reach 8 cm.”

Currently, only three specimens of Planigale petrophila are known, all collected within a close range of 12 km in Kakadu National Park, with the latest one documented in 2004 — none have been observed since.

The researchers highlighted the concerning decline of native mammal populations in Kakadu, urging an immediate conservation assessment.

“Planigale petrophila is undoubtedly rare among Australian Planigals, with just three specimens identified and its known habitat limited to a small area of the sandstone plateau and rocky slopes in Kakadu National Park,” Dr. Umbrello stated.

The only other Planigal recorded in Kakadu National Park is Planigale maculata, which occupies lowlands and basins rather than sandstone plateaus.

“Planigale petrophila is distinctive for its notably longer tail compared to other Planigal species, and exhibits larger body-to-skull ratios than its genetically closest relatives.”

“Our findings suggest Planigale petrophila may be threatened,” added Dr. Andrew Baker from Queensland University of Technology and Queensland Museum.

“Given the limited geographical area where Planigale petrophila has been identified, along with the alarming declines observed in other mammal species in Northern Australia, we strongly recommend an urgent conservation assessment.”

“This species is known from only three specimens collected within 12 km and has not been encountered since 2004.”

“Accurate classification and taxonomy are vital for conservation efforts to ensure appropriate management strategies are implemented.”

“This information plays a crucial role in establishing the conservation status of this new mammal, especially considering the broader decline in Kakadu and other native species in Australia.”

The team’s results will be published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.

_____

Lynette S. Umbrello et al. 2026. Disentangling the Onagaplanigale (Dassuriidae: Planigale ingrami) Species Complex: Four Species Revealed Using Integrated Taxonomy. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 207 (2): zlag082; doi: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag082

Source: www.sci.news

Rouse Maggots: Pioneering Species for Revolutionary ‘Extinction Drive’ Efforts

Posted on June 24, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

A fang-like lower jaw protrudes from the mouth of a screwworm larva.

Scott Camazine/Alamy

Screwworm Larva — A fang-like lower jaw protrudes from the mouth of a screwworm larva.

Scott Camazine/Alamy

While the extinction of certain species might be deemed controversial, in some cases, it could be beneficial. For example, eliminating malaria-carrying mosquitoes might improve global health.

Advancements in genetic technology, notably through gene drives, enable the deliberate alteration of species populations. These gene drives can rapidly disseminate harmful traits within populations, yet, currently, the technology’s application against malaria-carrying mosquitoes is limited. Researchers like Kevin Esvelt at MIT have pioneered CRISPR-based gene drives to target pests such as the screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax).

As Esvelt notes, “I bet on the New World screwworm fly, an insect even more detested than mosquitoes.” Screwworm flies are notorious for laying eggs in the wounds of mammals, leading to severe injury and even death for the host. Livestock farmers face significant challenges due to screwworm infestations.

Historically, screwworms thrived across the Americas but were eradicated in North and Central America during the 1960s, though they still pose a threat in parts of South America.

The removal of screwworms in North America hinged on the sterile insect technique. Since female screwworms mate only once, introducing sterile males into the wild can effectively curb population growth. However, this method is costly and hasn’t been employed in South America—genetic modification through gene drives might present a feasible alternative.

Understanding Gene Drives

Gene drives refer to mechanisms that skew inheritance rates. Typically, offspring inherit DNA from both parents, which may reduce the prevalence of harmful traits over time. A genetic drive can ensure that more than half of the offspring inherit a specific trait, even if that trait proves disadvantageous.

Through natural mating processes, the gene drive replicates itself, resulting in the propagation of specific traits within a population, which could lead to substantial declines in numbers.

For example, gene drives can be engineered to disrupt essential reproductive genes, potentially rendering populations infertile over time. This is superior to traditional sterile insect techniques, which require mass releases of sterilized insects.

Addressing Controversies

Though the application of gene drives toward eradicating malaria-carrying mosquitoes would be revolutionary, public resistance rooted in concerns surrounding genetic modification limits such initiatives. For instance, a gene drive project in Burkina Faso was recently halted due to opposition, illustrating the challenges faced in promoting genetic modification.

The debate around genetic modification often reflects broader societal views. It’s vital to recognize that genetic modification is already embedded in agriculture, and the focus should be on the applications rather than the technology itself.

Gene drives, while appearing alarming, are part of natural processes. Resistance to unfavorable traits is expected, yet innovative solutions can be developed to enhance their effectiveness.

Efforts to eliminate screwworms through gene drives are already underway, with projects initiated by institutions like the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INIA) in Uruguay and the Guardian Program by DARPA. While detailed information is scarce, the successful development of gene drives against mosquitoes indicates potential in targeting screwworms.

As Colossal Biosciences proposes to develop gene drives for screwworm eradication, their lack of experience raises concerns, emphasizing the significant knowledge and expertise needed in this field.

Critics often argue about the ecological consequences of eradicating certain species; however, with precedents in successful species removal, the potential benefits to human health should be carefully weighed against fears of ecological imbalance.

In summary, advancements in gene drive technology may pave the way for eradicating harmful pest populations and improving public health. The memory of screwworm infestations serves as a reminder of the urgent need for effective pest management strategies in the Americas.

Topic:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Meet the New Spider Species: Ingenious Trap Launches Ants into the Air!

Posted on June 22, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Ballista Spider & Green Ant Trap

Professor Ajay Narendra et al. 2026

A recently discovered spider species in Australia, the ballista spider, creates snare traps specifically designed to catch green tree ants, boasting accelerations that can inflict over 130 times the force of gravity—enough to fatally impact humans.

Researchers recorded accelerations reaching 1367 m/s as the green tree ants, Oecophila smaragdina, trigger the web’s snare trap.

“To capture this incredible moment, I had to set my camera to 5,000 to 7,000 frames per second,” explains Ajay Narendra from Macquarie University, Sydney. “Such high-speed photography was unprecedented in my years of wildlife documentation.”

In 2022, Greg Anderson of the QIMR Berghofer Institute in Brisbane, Australia, observed the remarkable behavior of green tree ants jumping into the spider’s traps in far north Queensland. However, without specialized camera gear, he could only see a blur of prey being ‘ballistically’ launched from the peculiar conical nests.

In early 2023, alongside Pranav Joshi, also from Macquarie University, Narendra dedicated ten days to studying and photographing these nocturnal spiders belonging to the Arachnida family, yet to receive a scientific name: Propostilla.

The term “ballista spider” comes from the Roman crossbow-like weapon known for launching large projectiles over long distances.

These spiders hide beneath leaves during the day and construct their traps just after dusk, a process that can take up to four hours. They skillfully tie together 15 to 60 tightly bundled tension lines attached to the leaves, forming a cone.

Fully Constructed Ballista Spider Snare

Pranav Joshi

After constructing the trap, the spider employs a chemical to entice green tree ants while sparing other ant species, prompting them to attack the snare with their mandibles.

“The silk appears quite sticky,” notes Narendra. “The ants’ mandibles struggle to release as they inadvertently get glued together.”

In their attempts to escape, the ants inadvertently trigger a tension wire, launching them nearly 30 centimeters into the air, where they become ensnared in the spider’s main web.

This tactic likely serves to elevate the prey above the forest floor, minimizing the risk of counterattacks from the ant colony, explains Narendra.

Although it may seem laborious for the spider to create a trap for each meal, green tree ants present a dependable food source. “The spider simply builds a web, and food arrives,” he adds.

Topic:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Discovering a New Duck-Billed Dinosaur Species Unearthed in Romania

Posted on June 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

A collaborative effort by an international team of Romanian, Hungarian, and Italian paleontologists has led to the identification of a new genus and species of herbivorous duck-billed dinosaur, discovered from an incomplete skeleton in the Hersheg Basin, located in the Carpathian Mountains of present-day Romania.

Cryptohadros Kallaiae. Image credit: Tibor Pecsics.

Cryptohadros Kallaiae inhabited our planet during the Maastrichtian period of the Late Cretaceous, approximately 70 million years ago.

This dinosaur belongs to the Hadrosauridae family, which includes iconic duck-billed dinosaurs and their relatives.

The holotype specimen of this species was uncovered in continental deposits at the vertebrate site of Fantanelle-3, near the village of Valioara, within the Denshu-Siura Formation in Romania.

This region is renowned among paleontologists for its unique and rare dinosaur fossils.

“Complete skeletons, including cranial elements, vertebrae, and limb bones, are incredibly rare in the Haseg Basin, particularly for hadrosaur fossils,” stated paleontologist Dr. Attila Sisi from ELTE Eötvös Lorand University.

“Most sites yield only isolated bone elements, often mistakenly attributed to known dinosaur groups, despite lacking definitive features.

The skeleton of Cryptohadros Kallaiae is a partial specimen comprising the skull, rib fragments, caudal vertebrae, and parts of the hind limbs.”

Nevertheless, this fragmentary material was sufficient to distinguish the new species from other known dinosaurs, particularly from Thelmatosaurus transsylvanicus, a duck-billed dinosaur that has been misidentified for over a century.

This discovery suggests that at least two closely related duck-billed dinosaurs coexisted in the region during the Late Cretaceous.

“The morphological similarities with Thelmatosaurus are significant, indicating a close relationship,” remarked János Magyar, a PhD student at ELTE Eötvös Lorand University and the Hungarian Museum of Natural History.

“The differences largely pertain to the morphology of the skull elements.”

The researchers classified Cryptohadros Kallaiae, Thelmatosaurus transsylvanicus, and Tethyshadros from Italy as part of a newly recognized evolutionary group known as Telmatosauridae, a distinct lineage that evolved in southeastern Europe’s island environments.

“Our phylogenetic analysis reveals close relationships among all known Late Cretaceous hadrosaurids in southeastern Europe, including Thelmatosaurus, Tethyshadros, and Cryptohadros,” the researchers concluded.

“Furthermore, this analysis identifies several distinct evolutionary lineages of hadrosaurids within the European archipelago during the Late Cretaceous, suggesting multiple dispersal events between Asia and Europe during this period.”

The findings on Cryptohadros Kallaiae are detailed in a study published in the Journal of Systematic Paleontology.

_____

Janos Magyar et al. 2026. A new early Maastrichtian “duck-billed” dinosaur from the Haseg Basin (Densus-Siura Formation, Romania) documents a unique clade of non-hadrosaurid hadrosaurids from the southeastern Late Cretaceous European archipelago. Journal of Systematic Paleontology 24(1); doi: 10.1080/14772019.2025.2607800

Source: www.sci.news

Newly Discovered Walking Shark Species Found Off Papua New Guinea Coast

Posted on June 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Marine biologists have recently discovered a new species of walking shark, Hemiscyllium dudgeonae, enriching the remarkable family of reef-dwelling sharks that utilize their four fins to “walk” along the ocean floor. This exciting find emerged from the waters of eastern Papua New Guinea.

Hemiscyllium dudgeonae, male paratype from Nubwageta, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. Image credit: MV Erdmann.

These walking sharks belong to a group of 10 similar species of carpet sharks, each identifiable by unique color patterns, genetic markers, and localized distributions.

The Hemiscyllium genus is endemic to Australia and the islands of New Guinea, a region renowned for its rich diversity in carpet shark species shaped by intricate tectonic and sea-level changes.

Typically small and nocturnal, walking sharks reach lengths of 70-80 cm, with the largest individuals documented at 107 cm.

These species prefer shallow coastal areas, such as coral reefs, seagrass beds, and mangroves, generally inhabiting depths of less than 10 meters, though they can be found as deep as 50 meters.

Due to their limited mobility and benthic lifestyles, the home ranges of walking sharks are constrained, usually spanning just a few hundred square meters to a few square kilometers.

Additionally, these sharks are oviparous, laying small, oval-shaped egg cases on the ocean floor, restricting their dispersal abilities.

Although research has expanded our understanding of walking shark distributions over the past two decades, the endemic species of eastern Papua New Guinea still require further study.

In a groundbreaking study, Dr. Christine Dudgeon and her team from the University of the Sunshine Coast explored the distribution of walking sharks in eastern Papua New Guinea.

“New species of sharks are a rare find, and this is certainly the first shark named in my honor,” remarked Dr. Dudgeon.

The newly identified Hemiscyllium dudgeonae was discovered during a survey that took place from 2023 to 2025 in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea.

This species, commonly referred to as the Dudgeon Epaulette Shark, features a unique coloration characterized by brown freckles and white spots throughout its body, alongside a distinctive eye-like marking on the back of its head.

Genetic analysis indicates that this new species is closely related to Hemiscyllium micheli.

Researchers expressed concern for Hemiscyllium dudgeonae, noting its limited range makes it particularly vulnerable.

“We anticipate that the IUCN Red List will classify this species as vulnerable or critically endangered,” said Jess Blakeway, a PhD student at the University of the Sunshine Coast.

The study has also updated the known distributions of Hemiscyllium micheli and another walking shark species from Papua New Guinea, Hemiscyllium hallstromi.

“Our research has altered our understanding of walking shark habitats,” Blakeway stated. “It was previously believed that each species occupied distinct habitats separated by barriers, but we now know they have overlapping distributions in eastern Papua New Guinea.”

This new species marks the 10th addition to the genus of Epaulette sharks found in Papua New Guinea.

Currently, there are five endangered species listed under the IUCN Red List, which applies to only 3% of all sharks.

The team’s findings are detailed in a paper published on June 15th in the Marine Science Foundation Journal.

_____

J.-A. Blakeway et al. 2026. Distribution and description of new species of Walking Shark (Hemiscylliidae: Hemiscyllium) in Papua New Guinea. Marine Science Foundation Journal 46: 71-110; doi: 10.5281/zenodo.20575429

Source: www.sci.news

Newly Discovered Walking Shark Species in Papua New Guinea: A Groundbreaking Scientific Find

Posted on June 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Newly Confirmed Walking Shark *Hemiscyllium dudgeonae*

MV Erdmann

Hemiscyllium dudgeonae - Newly identified walking shark — Newly Confirmed Walking Shark *Hemiscyllium dudgeonae*

MV Erdmann

A remarkable new species of walking shark has been discovered off the coast of Papua New Guinea, capable of traversing coral reefs with most of its body out of the water.

Local fishermen have long observed this unique fish, known as Kadededewa, which translates to “dog shark” or “lazy shark.”

This newly classified shark belongs to the Hemiscyllium genus, commonly referred to as walking sharks or epaulette sharks. These fascinating sea creatures navigate by using their pectoral fins like legs and are typically found in Australia and New Guinea.

The new species has been named Hemiscyllium dudgeonae, in honor of Christine Dudgeon, a professor at the University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, who was part of the team that formally identified this species.

Dudgeon first encountered this walking shark in March 2025, while swimming in a seagrass meadow in Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea, only a meter deep.

Initially searching for another species, she unexpectedly stumbled upon the shark: “It was very slow, and after spending some time in the water, I noticed it swimming near the bottom,” she recalled.

Using a flashlight to illuminate the shark, which measured approximately three-quarters of a meter, caused it to freeze in a defensive response. Dudgeon then carefully used a technique called “flip and tuck” to secure the shark for study.

Christine Dudgeon with *Hemiscyllium dudgeonae*

Nesha Ichida

Once securely captured, Dudgeon passed the shark to her colleague, Jess Blakeway, who was stationed on a nearby drifting boat.

Blakeway noted the distinct color pattern immediately, which differed from previously studied species: “It was evident that this shark was unique compared to other documented species,” she stated.

While the other nine known species of walking sharks predominantly feed on invertebrates from the ocean floor, they share similarities in size and appearance. Their skin patterns are their most distinguishing feature.

The species researchers anticipated discovering displayed more leopard-like markings; however, Hemiscilium dudgeonae exhibits a unique arrangement reminiscent of Braille or Morse code, according to Blakeway.

Over the following days, researchers captured 11 additional specimens from the surrounding areas, of which three were retained for detailed study and nine released after sampling.

This species is thought to reside exclusively within the coral reefs of Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea.

Nesha Ichida

In the lab, DNA testing confirmed that this new shark species is genetically distinctive from its relatives.

However, the walking sharks of Papua New Guinea face critical threats from habitat destruction, driven by coastal development, expanding palm oil plantations, and coral bleaching.

Researchers believe that Hemiscyllium dudgeonae may only inhabit the Milne Bay area and could be the most endangered species within this group.

“This species contributes to the incredible biodiversity of Papua New Guinea, but urgent conservation measures are necessary to prevent local extinction,” Blakeway urged.

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Newly Discovered Ancient Beardog Species Unearthed in Spain

Posted on June 12, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Paleontologists have discovered a new species of ceratozoa, commonly known as beardogs, from two well-preserved specimens found at a fossil-rich site in the Valles Penedes Basin near Barcelona, Spain.

Pardoshion Moyasolai. Image credit: Jesus Gamarra.

The species has been named Pardoshion Moyasolai. It thrived during the mid-Miocene epoch, approximately 15.9 million years ago, in a warm, forested environment with shallow lakes.

This carnivorous mammal belongs to the extinct family Amphicyonidae, often referred to as bear dogs due to their unique blend of traits from modern bears and dogs.

“The Lycoptidae family played a significant role in the carnivore population across North America and Eurasia throughout much of the Cenozoic Era,” explained Dr. Jorge Morales from the CSIC National Science Museum and his colleagues.

“In Africa, the earliest evidence of horned phycyonids dates back to the early Miocene, persisting until the late Miocene, marking the last known occurrence of this group.”

Dr. Morales added, “Recent studies suggest that North America may have been the origin of this family, supported by a more complete and diverse Paleogene record of horned phycyonids in North America compared to Western Europe or Asia.”

The two specimens of Pardoshion Moyasolai were excavated from the Els Casots site in the Valles Penedes Basin, Spain.

The fossils include a well-preserved skull with most teeth intact and an isolated lower molar discovered separately.

Currently, both specimens are housed at the Miquel Crusafont Catalan Institute of Palaeontology in Sabadell, Spain.

Researchers noted that Pardoshion Moyasolai can be identified by the distinct proportions of its molars. Notably, the upper second molars were wider than the upper first molars, and the upper third molars were exceptionally large and developed.

These features are unique, as they have not been observed in any other known members of this genus, including Pardochyon.

To pinpoint the classification of Pardoshion Moyasolai, Dr. Morales and his team compared its teeth to those of related species from Europe and North America.

The results indicate that this new species represents one of the earliest divergences within the genus Pardochyon, making it one of the most primitive known members of the group.

The findings also suggest that the classification of Cyneros does not reflect a natural grouping, as it is paraphyletic, meaning its members do not share a single common ancestor specific to that group.

Three species currently classified under North America’s Cyneros present a distinctive challenge. Analysis reveals that Pardochyon species are more diverse than their European Cyneros counterparts, but their classifications are still unresolved.

Scientists propose that these North American species may have evolved independently from their European relatives, likely descending from Asian ancestors or unique North American lineages.

“Phylogenetic analysis indicates that while Cyneros is paraphyletic, it does support the monophyly of Pardochyon, with the new species identified as its most basal member,” the authors noted.

“This underscores the long-distance evolutionary ties between species, with European Cyneros (e.g., Kineros rugocidens and Kineros remanensis) and Pardochyon supporting their classification as distinct genera.”

This significant discovery is detailed in a recent article published in the Mammal Evolution Journal.

_____

J. Morales et al.. 2026. Discovery of a new species Pardochyon (Carnivora: Amphicyonidae) from the early Miocene of Els Casots, Valles Penedes Basin, Barcelona, Spain. J. Mammal. Evol 33, 29; doi: 10.1007/s10914-026-09814-6

Source: www.sci.news

Exploring the Cave Lion: Unique Interbreeding with Ancestral Lions and Its Impact on Today’s Species

Posted on June 11, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

The extinct Eurasian cave lion (Panthera spelea) and today’s African and Asian lions (Panthera leo) have been analyzed through the genomes of 12 cave lions spanning over 100,000 years. This study reveals that cave lions comprise a distinct evolutionary lineage that diverged approximately 1.7 million years ago, significantly earlier than previously believed.

A cave lion depicted in Chauvet Cave, France.

Lions are among the most prevalent megacarnivores in the fossil record, with remains discovered across four continents: Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas.

The earliest fossils exhibiting distinct lion traits originated in East Africa around 1.9 million years ago, spreading to Syria by 1 million years ago.

These majestic creatures have been recorded in Europe since about 700,000 years ago (in Italy and Britain) and in North America for 300,000 years, possibly reaching southern North America and even parts of South America around 130,000 years ago.

Today, lions are limited to a small population in India and fragmented groups across Africa.

Evidence from skeletal remains, preserved soft tissues, and Pleistocene cave paintings suggests that the extinct late Pleistocene lions in the northern Arctic were morphologically distinct from modern lions, being larger and likely possessing lighter fur.

Despite their prominence in the Holarctic fossil record during the Late Pleistocene, cave lions went extinct approximately 13,000 to 14,000 years ago, marking them as one of the earliest casualties of the megafauna extinction.

At their peak, cave lions were among the most ecologically significant predators in the Northern Hemisphere.

“The cave lion is frequently portrayed as a larger, more robust version of modern lions,” remarked lead author Dr. David Stanton, a lecturer at Cardiff University.

“However, what our genomic analysis reveals is even more astonishing: this lineage has evolved independently for over a million years, accumulating remarkable biological traits.”

Stanton’s analysis utilized 12 cave lion genomes spanning more than 100,000 years. This research shows that modern lions and cave lions are separate evolutionary lineages, each with unique demographic histories and genetic variants. Image credit: Stanton et al., doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2026.05.007.

The research team examined 12 cave lion genomes collected over 100,000 years across Eurasia and northernmost North America, comparing them with 20 genomes from modern lions in Africa and Southern Asia.

Cave lion DNA was extracted from both dental and skeletal remains, alongside well-preserved soft tissue specimens, including two cave lion cubs from northern Siberia.

Comparing these genomes indicates that cave lions and modern lions represent distinct groups, highlighting a substantial evolutionary divide.

While earlier research indicated a more recent divergence, this study supports a much older separation, approximately 1.7 million years ago.

Interestingly, the research uncovered evidence that the two lineages occasionally interbred during periods of peak glacial expansion, allowing cave lions to migrate into areas inhabited by modern lions.

The Central East Asian cave lions, dating back around 20,000 years, contained 3.2 to 4.4 percent of the ancestors of modern lions, likely stemming from the now-extinct lion population of Southwest Asia.

The authors also identified numerous unique mutations in proteins specific to cave lions, concentrated in genes associated with brain function, vision, the circulatory system, and growth, indicating significant biological adaptations to the harsh Holarctic environment they inhabited.

“Our findings point to the impact of historical climate change on more than just habitat,” stated lead author Professor Rav Dalen, research group leader at the Stockholm Center for Paleogenetics.

“It also influenced migration and created a fleeting window for interbreeding opportunities that would not have been present otherwise.”

The team’s results are published in the journal Cell.

_____

David WG Stanton et al. Paleogenomes reveal evolutionary relationships between modern lions and cave lions. Cell published online on June 3, 2026. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2026.05.007

Source: www.sci.news

New Horned Turtle Species Discovered in Fossil Find in Patagonia

Posted on June 10, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Paleontologists have discovered a new species of Maioraniformes turtle, named Patagoniaemys aeschyli, that inhabited northern Patagonia, Argentina, during the Maastrichtian era, just before the catastrophic asteroid impact that led to the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs.

Artist’s impression of Patagoniaemys aeschyli. Image credit: Nawel Vazquez / Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’ / CONICET.

The recently identified turtle species thrived in what is now Patagonia during the Maastrichtian period of the Late Cretaceous, roughly 72 to 67 million years ago.

Patagoniaemys aeschyli is part of a lineage that encompasses some of the rarest turtles ever documented.

These Maioraniformes are highlighted for their heavily armored bodies and, in certain species, distinctive horned skulls.

“Maioraniformes encompass a group of turtles, including the well-known horned species like Nicolamia argentina from Patagonia and Meiolania platypus from Australia,” explained lead author Dr. Federico Agnolin, a paleontologist associated with Bernardino Rivadavia Museum of Natural Sciences, Maimonides University, and CONICET.

“These turtles are recognized from the Lower Cretaceous to the Pleistocene across southern continents, including South America, Australia, and New Caledonia.”

The fossilized remains of Patagoniaemys aeschyli were excavated from the Los Alamitos Formation in Río Negro, Argentina.

The specimen includes parts of a skull, shell fragments, vertebrae, and a limb bone, making it one of the most significant discoveries of meioraniids in the region.

Paleontologists estimate that the carapace of Patagoniaemys aeschyli measured around 80 centimeters (approximately 2.6 feet) in length.

Unlike its later relatives, its shell was wide and relatively low, contrasting with the domed shells often observed in other turtle species.

“The shell is relatively robust at the base of the marginal plates, featuring a series of tough ridges, particularly towards the rear,” noted the researchers.

“The exterior surface of the shell is characterized by small holes and grooves.”

In addition to identifying this new species, the scientists examined how turtles managed to survive during the end-Cretaceous mass extinction event, which occurred 66 million years ago.

The study of Patagonia’s fossil diversity revealed that some turtle lineages endured the transition from the Cretaceous to the Paleogene periods.

The discovery of Patagoniaemys aeschyli confirmed the presence of at least two Maioraniformes in the latest Cretaceous period of southern South America.

“The remarkable taxonomic continuity between Maastrichtian and Danian populations suggests that the end-Cretaceous extinction event did not significantly impact Patagonian turtles, indicating lineage persistence and minimal turnover among southern Chelonians,” concluded the scientists.

A detailed description of this discovery was published in the journal Acta Paleontologica Polonica on March 26, 2026. Read the paper here.

_____

Federico L. Agnolin et al. 2026. A new species of Maioraniformes turtle from the Maastrichtian region of northern Patagonia, Argentina. Acta Paleontologica Polonica 71 (1): 173-184; doi: 10.4202/app.01268.2025

Source: www.sci.news

Frozen Squirrel Feces: A Unique Source for Preserving Ancient DNA from Hundreds of Species

Posted on June 9, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Arctic ground squirrels forage for diverse food sources to stock their burrows.

Credit: Yukon Government

Recent analyses of DNA preserved in ancient frozen feces have unveiled a diverse ecosystem from 700,000 years ago, featuring species like woolly mammoths, bison, horses, and big cats.

The Arctic ground squirrel (Urositels parii) is a rodent measuring approximately 40 centimeters, inhabiting cold regions across North America and Siberia—historically linked by land bridges known as Beringia.

“Arctic ground squirrels hibernate for about eight months a year, so during their active four months, they venture out to forage and store resources in their burrows,” states Tyler Murchy from the Hakai Institute, Campbell River, Canada.

This foraging behavior results in their burrows often housing substantial amounts of feces and food, effectively making them “nature’s archivist,” according to Murchy. He and his team analyzed saprolites—preserved feces—frozen in permafrost from 13 Arctic ground squirrel burrows located in central Yukon, Canada.

Estimated to date back between 30,000 and 700,000 years, these burrows served as crucial sites for extracting DNA from various organisms present in the feces, which measured around 1 to 2 centimeters long.

The findings revealed a wealth of biodiversity, including microorganisms, over 200 different plant species, insects, other rodents, and large mammals such as woolly mammoths, horses, gray wolves, steppe bison, and lynx. An American cheetah or a cougar also inhabited this ecosystem. “All these organisms represent life from the Bering Ice Age,” Murchy remarks.

Contrary to popular belief, ground squirrels do not exclusively consume nuts and seeds. “They are actually quite omnivorous and have even been reported to scavenge on moose and lynx carcasses,” Murchy explains. Therefore, the discovery of such large animals in coprolites is not unexpected.

Ancient dung pellets from Arctic ground squirrels discovered in Yukon Territory, Canada

Credit: Duane Froese, University of Alberta

Utilizing the DNA extracted, Murchie and colleagues reconstructed the mitochondrial genomes of various species from different eras, including 12 ground squirrels—one lineage tracing back 700,000 years—three horses, two bison, and one hare. They also gathered enough DNA to reconstruct the genomes of six woolly mammoths, with further details pending publication.

“These remarkably preserved specimens showcase the ecological diversity of Yukon throughout history,” says Kelsey Witt of Clemson University, South Carolina.

Determining whether the DNA from any given species is present in coprolites because it was consumed by ground squirrels or because it existed in the environment can be challenging. However, the abundance of DNA within the samples and the scavenging behavior of the squirrels suggest they likely consumed mammoth meat, Witt concludes.

Topic:

Source: www.newscientist.com

New Bird Species Discovered by Ornithologist on Remote Indonesian Island

Posted on June 9, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

A recently discovered songbird from the Babar Islands in Indonesia’s Banda Sea has been recognized as a new species. This small bird, named the Merry Fantail (Lipidula laguceria), stands out due to its unique song, which differentiates it from its close relatives. Previously, it was considered the same as the cinnamon giant fantail (Rhipidura fuscorufa), located approximately 135 km (84 mi) east of the Tanimbar Islands.

Merry Fantail (Lipidula laguceria) November 2022. Image credit: James A. Eaton.

Known as a small insectivorous songbird from the Rhipidura fuscorufa family, these birds are native to the Lingidae.

This species measures approximately 18 cm (7 inches) in length, recognized for its cinnamon tail and underparts, as well as its characteristic tail-spreading behavior typical of fantails.

The Rhipidura fuscorufa was first identified in 1883 on the Tanimbar Islands. However, specimens from the Babar group, about 80 miles west, were later examined and previously considered to belong to the same species, a view that persisted for over 120 years.

“Rhipidura fuscorufa is endemic to Indonesia and resides on Tanimbar Island and the Babar Island Group,” said Dr. James Eaton from Bird Tours Asia Limited and Dr. Alex Berryman from BirdLife International.

“Initially described in 1883 based on specimens from the Tanimbar Islands, 15 years later, Rhipidura fuscorufa specimens collected from Babar Island were also examined. Scientists concluded in 1901 that the Babar specimens were consistent with those from the Tanimbar Islands.

For approximately 120 years, the common taxonomic classification was Rhipidura fuscorufa as a monotypic species.

Dr. Eaton first noticed differences in vocalizations between the Babar and Tanimbar populations during a visit in 2011, suggesting the presence of an as-yet undetected species.

To confirm this, authors analyzed 19 specimens at the American Museum of Natural History in New York and the Tring Museum of Natural History in the UK, along with 18 audio recordings from both island groups.

The researchers observed subtle physical differences; Babar birds exhibited darker upper bodies and less pronounced cinnamon underparts compared to Tanimbar birds, while wing, tail, beak, and leg measurements showed no significant variation.

However, the song of the two Rhipidura fuscorufa populations varied considerably.

“The calls of the Babar birds typically consist of single whistles that increase in pitch, whereas Tanimbar calls include varying lengths of whistles for a more rhythmic effect,” they stated. “Though the lengths of strophes are similar, Tanimbar songs feature more notes and shorter intervals between them.”

Cinnamon Giant Fantail (Rhipidura fuscorufa) November 2022. Image credit: James A. Eaton.

Over several years, scientists conducted 132 reproduction experiments during visits to Babar and Tanimbar islands.

Both populations responded to their respective recordings but ignored the songs from the other islands. The study revealed that no Babar birds responded to Tanimbar songs, and vice versa.

“Despite being currently classified as monotypic, our research displays distinct differences between the Tanimbar and Babar populations of Rhipidura fuscorufa,” noted the researchers.

“Morphologically, the two populations have subtle differences in coloration, while the vocalizations are markedly distinct, providing strong evidence that these vocal differences act as a reproductive barrier.”

“Based on this, we propose that Rhipidura fuscorufa populations in the Babar Islands should be taxonomically separated from those in the Tanimbar Islands.”

“While we lack an established name for the Babar population, we describe it as Lipidula laguceria.”

Both the newly identified Lipidula laguceria and its relative Rhipidura fuscorufa are currently listed as Near Threatened under conservation standards, as they adapt well to degraded habitats rather than dense forests.

“Rhipidura fuscorufa is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List,” the scientists stated.

“Following this classification, both Rhipidura fuscorufa and Lipidula laguceria now have a more restricted range, fulfilling criteria for potential threat listings under IUCN Red List criteria B1 and B2.”

“However, both species demonstrate resilience to habitat degradation and are often found in modified habitats, open areas, and even scrubland with tall mango trees.”

“Indeed, both fantail species appear to prefer highly altered habitats over closed-canopy forests.” Therefore, neither species meets the criteria for being listed as B1 or B2 and should continue to be classified as Near Threatened.”

The discovery of Lipidula laguceria is detailed in a research paper published this month in the British Ornithologists Club Newsletter.

_____

James A. Eaton and Alex J. Berryman. 2026. A mysterious new species of fantail from the Babar Islands, Maluku Province, Indonesia. British Ornithologists Club Newsletter 146 (2): 203-215; doi: 10.25226/bboc.v146i2.2026.a6

Source: www.sci.news

New Microraptorine Dinosaur Species Discovered in China: A Breakthrough in Paleontology

Posted on June 5, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Jiang Changmensis is the pioneering non-avian dinosaur discovered at a paleontological site featuring over 100 early Cretaceous bird specimens.

Jiang Changmensis (Left) launched an early attack on Gansus yumenensis (Right) in the Changma Basin, now in northwestern China, around 120 million years ago. Image credit: Lewis LaRosa / Jão Canola.

Jiang Changmensis roamed what is now northwestern China approximately 124 to 120 million years ago during the Early Cretaceous period.

This species belongs to the Microraptoridae, a subgroup of small-winged dromaeosaur dinosaurs.

Members of this lineage include the Microraptor, a four-winged dinosaur believed to be capable of gliding and possibly powered flight.

Dr. Jingmai O’Connor, a paleontologist at the Field Museum of Natural History and the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, stated, “Jiang Changmensis is one of the largest Microraptor specimens ever discovered.”

“The humerus bone fragment we possess measures approximately 10 centimeters (4 inches) in length, suggesting the dinosaur likely had a wingspan of about 4 feet, roughly the size of a barn owl.”

“We believe Jiang Changmensis, like other Microraptors, had long feathers on both its arms and legs, giving it four ‘wings’ for gliding.” Dr. O’Connor added that, while other Microraptors were likely unable to achieve true powered flight, they could probably glide like flying squirrels.

The skeletal remains of Jiang Changmensis were found in the Xiagou Formation, uncovered near Changma Village in the Changma Basin, Gansu Province, northwestern China.

This site yielded over 100 early Cretaceous bird skeletons, many of which preserved soft tissues such as feathers and skin. However, until now, no non-avian dinosaur specimens had been recorded from this location.

Dr. O’Connor remarked, “Scientists had uncovered strange clusters of dismembered bird bones at this site, but we lacked an understanding of what had caused them.”

“Now, with the discovery of Jiang Changmensis, we have our best hypothesis.”

“This is the only dinosaur found at this site that isn’t a bird, and it was considerably larger than the other dinosaurs discovered there.”

The discovery of Jiang Changmensis holds greater implications beyond identifying a new species.

Previously, all distinct members of the Microraptorinae subfamily were found in the Jehor Group, a series of geological formations located approximately 2,000 km from Changma, extending confirmed ranges into northwestern China.

Dr. Matt Lamanna, a paleontologist at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, emphasized, “Jiang Changmensis demonstrates that non-avian dinosaurs inhabited the current Chanma Basin, renowned for its bird fossils.”

“Our team has recovered over 100 bird fossils in Chanma, but this is the sole non-avian dinosaur specimen.”

Jiang Changmensis offers critical new insights into the biological history of the Changma region and the ecological context of today’s bird ancestors.

“Understanding life on Earth today necessitates examining its origins.”

“Birds are arguably the most successful group of terrestrial vertebrates on the planet today.”

“By exploring early birds and their non-avian dinosaur relatives, we gain a clearer understanding of why this avian group has persevered.”

The team’s findings are published today in the Carnegie Chronicle Museum.

_____

Zhou Lingqi et al. 2026. A non-avian theropod (Dromaeosauridae, Microraptoridae) first identified in the Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation, cohabiting with birds, from the Changma Basin, Gansu Province, northwest China. Carnegie Chronicle Museum 92(2):89-110.

Source: www.sci.news

New Dinosaur Species Discovered in Argentina: Expert Fisher of the Prehistoric Seas

Posted on May 30, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Paleontologists in Argentina have discovered an unprecedented species of non-enraged dinosaur, canku australis, that lived in freshwater wetlands during the Late Cretaceous period. This discovery reinforces the notion that certain dinosaurs had evolved specialized adaptations for catching fish.

Reconstructing the life of canku australis. Image credit: Gabriel Díaz Yanten.

The newly characterized species, canku australis, thrived approximately 70 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period.

This ancient reptile inhabited environments adorned with meandering rivers, seasonal ponds, and aquatic flora like water lilies, alongside a diverse fauna including fish, insects, and various mollusks.

canku australis grew to an estimated length of about 2.5 to 3 meters (8.2 to 9.8 feet).

This dinosaur was part of the Urticidae family, a group of feathered, bird-like theropods closely related to famous dinosaurs like Velociraptor, known to inhabit regions such as South America, Antarctica, Australia, and Madagascar.

Dr. Matias Motta from the Bernardino Rivadavia Museum of Natural Sciences and his team stated, “The paraavian family Urticidae is documented through fossils from various Cretaceous basins across South America, Madagascar, Australia, and Antarctica, but the Northern Patagonia region, particularly the Neuquén Basin, yields the most notable species.”

“This includes at least eight species, primarily from the Cenomanian-Santonian Formation, with the exception of the Maastrichtian, including Austroraptor kabazai,” he added.

“The evolutionary lineage and biodiversity of the Urticidae in South America remains understudied.”

“The discovery of canku australis helps bridge gaps in the Late Cretaceous fossil record of southern Patagonia and links existing records from northern Patagonia and Antarctica, highlighting the dispersal of this family across varying latitudes in South America.”

Fossil remains of canku australis—which include teeth, vertebrae, and toe bones—were discovered in the Chorrillo Formation at La Anita farm near El Calafate, Santa Cruz, Patagonia, Argentina.

Dr. Motta noted, “Excavations at this site have been ongoing since 2018, revealing a broad range of plant and animal fossils.”

The first remains of canku australis were identified in 2018, although initial findings were too fragmentary to classify it as a new species.

Subsequent expeditions yielded additional materials, culminating in the discovery of cervical vertebrae in 2024, which played a crucial role in recognizing this new Unenragine dinosaur.

These fossils suggest valuable insights into the lifestyle and behaviors of canku australis.

Dr. Motta explains, “The cervical vertebrae of canku australis feature unique structures for muscle attachment and the protection of blood vessels in the neck, a vital characteristic seen in modern birds like herons with complex neck movements.”

This evidence implies that canku australis might have been an adept fisherman, contrasting with the traditional perspective of raptors such as Velociraptor as primarily terrestrial predators.

“Like its relatives, canku australis possessed a prominent raptor claw on its second toe, yet it distinguished itself with teeth characterized by sharp, pronounced longitudinal ridges and notably pneumatic cervical vertebrae containing internal air chambers.”

This species is also smaller and more agile compared to other non-enragid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous, such as Austroraptor kabazai.

The findings contribute further evidence supporting the idea that the Urticidae were fish-eaters.

Dr. Motta remarked, “Their elongated snouts, numerous teeth, and long, flexible necks suggest adaptations for fishing, akin to modern herons.” Remarkably, fossils of canku australis were found alongside fish remains, reinforcing this hypothesis.

Nevertheless, it’s plausible that canku australis also preyed on other inhabitants of its environment, such as frogs, lizards, turtles, and even mammals like Patagorrhinx pasquali, a semi-aquatic monotreme related to modern echidnas and platypuses.

During its time, canku australis coexisted with formidable carnivores like Maipu’s giant chest, a daunting megaraptorid dinosaur over 10 meters (33 feet) in length, possibly posing a threat.

The complete findings were published this week in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.

_____

Matthias J. Motta et al. A new Unenragid from the Chorrillo Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian), southwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, published online on May 28, 2026. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2026.2656456

Source: www.sci.news

Paleontologists Discover New Hyaenodont Species in Pakistan

Posted on May 30, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Recent discoveries by paleontologists have unveiled fossilized remains of three hyaenodont species, including one previously unknown to science, from Miocene deposits in Pakistan.

Metapterodon anari. Image credit: Steven Jasinski / SergeyAtrox1.

“Hyaenodontids, ancestral to modern cats and dogs, once dominated carnivore niches before evolving into larger species,” explained Professor Stephen Jasinski from Harrisburg University of Science and Technology.

This study focused on fossils of three distinct hyaenodont species that thrived from 14 million to 9.5 million years ago.

Fossils were sourced from the Chinji and Nagri Formations near the Siwalik River in Pakistan.

One notable species, tentatively identified as Megistotherium or High Nairo Ross, potentially weighed up to 500 kg, comparable to a polar bear.

The fossils included juvenile teeth, complicating precise identification.

Additional fossilized teeth were identified as belonging to the genus Hyaenodon, known from various northern continents, marking the first specimens uncovered in this region.

These fossil remains also represent the most recent known occurrences of this genus, possibly indicating a new species, pending further analysis.

Estimated to weigh around 30 kg, they were roughly the size of a small gray wolf or leopard.

Researchers also discovered teeth belonging to a lesser-known hyaenodont genus, Metapterodon.

This genus was previously documented only from African fossils, confirming its emergence from Africa during the Miocene.

The newly identified species, Metapterodon anari, may represent one of the latest hyaenodont fossils recorded.

“Metapterodon anari is significant for both its classification and its evolutionary timeline,” stated Professor Jasinski.

“This discovery offers insights into a period when hyaenodontids likely faced competition from emerging carnivorous mammals.”

Metapterodon anari reached approximately 15 kg in length, similar in size to a large red fox or coyote.

“The relevance of these fossils extends beyond taxonomy, illuminating geographical historical connections,” the researchers noted.

“These findings underline the link between Africa and Europe during the Miocene, suggesting potential migrations of hyaenodonts from northeastern regions like China.”

“The Miocene hyaenodonts from Pakistan are particularly compelling as they coexisted with carnivores, providing valuable data on their competition dynamics.”

All exhibited carnivorous traits, with a diet primarily consisting of meat, which may have led to their eventual displacement by other predators.

This research will enhance our understanding of Miocene-era ecosystems in South Asia, a period marked by global cooling and significant shifts in animal communities that laid the groundwork for current ecosystems.

“Fossils are more than tales of ancient species; they reveal important changes and adaptations over time,” emphasized Professor Jasinski.

“Studying these specimens also offers clues to future ecological shifts and strategies for adaptation.”

The team’s findings are detailed in the journal Pals.

_____

K. Mahmoud et al. A brief description of Hyenodonta from mid to late Miocene deposits in Pakistan and the Indian subcontinent. Pals published online on April 16, 2026. doi: 10.1007/s12542-025-00766-5

Source: www.sci.news

New Deep-Sea Octopus Species Discovered Near Galapagos Islands

Posted on May 25, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

A newly identified deep-sea octopus species, discovered 1,773 meters below the surface near Darwin Island, challenges existing classifications within the Megaleredoniidae family, necessitating updates to traditional scientific definitions.

Microeredon galapagensis. Image credit: Voight et al., doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.5814.4.5.

Traditionally, Megaleredoniidae octopuses were defined as large-bodied species native to the frigid, isolated waters of Antarctica.

However, the newly classified species Microeredon galapagensis defies this characterization.

Dr. Janet Voigt, curator emeritus of invertebrates at the Field Museum of Natural History, noted, “Spinous octopods of the deep eastern tropical Pacific remain largely unexplored.”

“Advanced underwater vehicles have provided rare glimpses of these elusive animals, revealing unexpected taxa,” she added.

“Among these discoveries are the small tropical octopods belonging to the family Megaleredoniidae.”

“This family was originally recognized for its substantial Antarctic presence, including species such as Megaleredone Setebos, known for its distinctive adaptations to the cold depths of the Southern Ocean.”

The single female specimen of Microeredon galapagensis was collected during a 2015 research cruise near Darwin Island, an area rich in biodiversity closely associated with Charles Darwin’s scientific work.

Given the difficulty of securing additional specimens, researchers employed micro-CT imaging to study the octopus’s anatomy non-destructively.

“To accurately describe a new octopus species, we need to observe every anatomical part, including the mouth and beak. We were careful not to destroy our only specimen,” Dr. Voigt explained.

“CT imaging is vital for examining rare specimens like this one, as it allows us to gather detailed information without compromising the specimen’s integrity.”

Dr. Stephanie Smith, also from the Field Museum, emphasized the significance of these finds, stating, “It’s exhilarating to showcase these extraordinarily rare and stunning specimens to the public.”

“It’s unparalleled to witness something that few, if any, others have seen.”

The CT scan offered remarkable insights into Microeredon galapagensis, revealing its bifurcated stomach and dormant eggs with unparalleled detail.

Dr. Alexander Ziegler from the University of Bonn remarked, “The depth of detail obtained from the scan of such a small octopus was astonishing. Typically, soft-tissue imaging necessitates contrast agents, which aren’t suitable for such precious specimens.”

This precision facilitates the 3D modeling of its vital organs.

During the same exploration, two additional octopuses believed to belong to the same species were observed, hinting at a possible local population.

“These small deep-sea octopuses are among the rarest creatures on Earth. We are fortunate to study them,” commented Dr. Voigt.

“Even if all land masses were connected, it would be impossible to map the expanse of the Pacific Ocean, leaving much of its depths unexplored.”

The discovery of Microeredon galapagensis is detailed in a research paper published in the journal Zootaxa.

_____

Janet R. Voight et al. 2026. A new species of Microeredon from the Galapagos Islands and a revised diagnosis of the Megaleredoniidae (Octopoda: Incirrata). Zootaxa 5814 (4): 533-549; doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.5814.4.5

Source: www.sci.news

New Jurassic Pterosaur Species Discovered in Germany: Insights into Ancient Flying Reptiles

Posted on May 20, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

A new genus and species of early monophenestratan pterosaur has been identified by paleontologists, based on a nearly complete and exceptionally preserved fossil skeleton found in Bavaria, Germany.

Holotype specimen of Laueropterus vitriolus viewed under natural light. Image credit: DWE Hone, doi: 10.7717/peerj.21204.

Pterosaurs were the first vertebrates to achieve powered flight, appearing roughly 210 million years ago and evolving from small birds to colossal creatures with wingspans comparable to small airplanes.

The newly described species, named Laueropterus vitriolus, belongs to a group of early pterosaurs known as monophenestratans. With a wingspan measuring approximately 1 meter (3.3 feet), it ranks among the largest members of this migratory group ever found.

“Early monofenestratans represent a relatively recent discovery in pterosaur evolution, first identified in 2010,” stated study author Dr. David Horne, a zoology reader at Queen Mary University of London.

“Through various analyses, these taxa were classified as both a clade and grade existing between non-monophenestratans and pterodactyls.”

“Some of the most advanced taxa have been designated as pterodactyls, representing derived monofenestratan and pterodactyl clades.”

The fossilized skeleton of Laueropterus vitriolus was unearthed in the Schaudyberg quarry around 2007, from the Mornsheim Formation.

This fossil dates back 150 to 143 million years (late Jurassic period), and includes the skull, jaw, spinal column, and most of the wings.

“The specimen is preserved on a sizable limestone slab measuring approximately 60 cm x 45 cm (2 feet x 1.5 feet),” Dr. Horne explained.

“The slab is predominantly gray, featuring thick white bars arranged at right angles that intersect at various points.”

“Pterosaur fossils are often exceptionally well-preserved and undistorted, allowing for clear outlines of thin elements such as the sternal plate.”

Laueropterus vitriolus exhibits a combination of both primitive and advanced features, including a large skull with a single opening that integrates the nostril and antorbital fenestra, characteristic of monophenestratan pterosaurs, alongside relatively short wing bones typical of earlier forms.

“Laueropterus vitriolus marks the fourth non-pterodactyl monophenestratan pterosaur discovered in Mülheim, alongside Skifosora, macrodactylus, and Rhamphodactylus,” Dr. Horne noted.

“This discovery represents the only other record of this grade in the region, with Proterodactylus found in much older deposits, highlighting that non-pterodactyl monophenestratans are significantly more common here.”

“Hundreds of pterosaur fossils have been excavated from the renowned Solnhofen Formation, yet fewer than a dozen non-pterodactyl monophenestratans have been documented in Mülheim, making this find exceptionally notable.”

The research findings were published online on May 11th in PeerJ.

_____

DWE Horne. 2026. A new, early monophenestratan pterosaur discovered from the Mornsheim Formation in southern Germany. PeerJ 14: e21204; doi: 10.7717/peerj.21204

Source: www.sci.news

Newly Discovered Giant Dinosaur Species in Thailand Unveils Asia’s Hidden Diversity of Ancient Giants

Posted on May 15, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Paleontologists have unveiled an exciting discovery: a new genus and species of Somphospondylan titanosaur dinosaur, heralded as the largest ever found in Southeast Asia. Fossilized bones uncovered in Thailand provide compelling evidence that this region once hosted a remarkably diverse array of giant herbivores during the Early Cretaceous period.

Reconstruction of the life of Nagatitan chaiyapumensis in the arid floodplains of the Late Early Cretaceous Aptian-Albian period. Image credit: Pachanop Boonsai.

This newly described dinosaur species inhabited what is now northeastern Thailand approximately 113 million years ago.

Named Nagatitan chaiyapumensis, this ancient giant measured about 27 meters (89 feet) in length and weighed between 25 and 28 tons.

During its time, it coexisted with smaller plant-eating dinosaurs like iguanodonts and early ceratopsians, as well as predatory dinosaurs such as carcharodontosaurs and spinosaurs, alongside sharks, turtles, crocodile relatives, and pterosaurs.

“Our dinosaur is large by most standards, likely weighing at least 10 tons more than Dippy” (referring to Diplodocus carnegie), stated lead author Titiut (Pers) Sesapanitisakul from University College London.

“However, it still pales in comparison to massive sauropods like Patagotitan (60 tons) and Luyangosaurus (50 tons).

The fossil of Nagatitan chaiyapumensis was excavated from the Khok Kruat Formation in Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand.

“We consider Nagatitan chaiyapumensis the ‘last giant’ of Thailand,” Sesapanitisakul explained, “because it was found in a rock formation that contains the youngest dinosaurs.”

“Younger sediment deposited towards the end of the dinosaur era is unlikely to reveal dinosaur remains, as the area transformed into a shallow ocean by then.”

“This could represent the final or most recent large sauropod discovered in Southeast Asia.”

To classify Nagatitan chaiyapumensis, paleontologists compared its anatomy with over 150 other dinosaur species, situating it within the sauropod family tree.

The analysis established that the new species belongs to Euhelopodidae, a group of Somphospondylan titanosaurs primarily found in Asia.

This group also includes notable species such as Puwiangosaurus cylindornae from Thailand and Tanvayosaurus hofeti from Laos.

“This discovery highlights a trend of increased body size among Asian titanosaurs during the Mid-Cretaceous, likely driven by rising temperatures and the expansion of suitable habitats,” the researchers commented.

The identification of Nagatitan chaiyapumensis enhances the known diversity of sauropods in Southeast Asia and significantly contributes to our understanding of titanosaurs’ biogeography in this region.

The team’s paper has been published in the scientific journal Scientific Reports.

_____

T. Setapanitisakul et al. 2026. The first sauropod dinosaur discovered from the Early Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation in Thailand enriches the diversity of vertebrate titanosaurids in Southeast Asia. Scientific Reports 16, 12467; doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-47482-x

Source: www.sci.news

Discover a New Species of Giant Long-Necked Dinosaur in Argentina

Posted on May 12, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Fossils discovered at a secluded ranch in Argentina reveal a new genus and species of large sauropod dinosaur, identified by an international team of paleontologists from Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich.

Reconstruction of Vicaracosaurus dionydei. Image credit: Felipe Cutro-Lev.

The newly identified sauropod species roamed the southern region of the Gondwana supercontinent during the Late Jurassic period, approximately 157 million years ago.

Named Vicaracosaurus dionydei, this dinosaur measured around 20 meters (65 feet) in length.

“Sauropods are a key lineage of dinosaurs, representing one of the most significant groups of herbivorous vertebrates from the Mesozoic era,” said lead author Alexandra Reuter, a doctoral student at Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, alongside her research team.

“These giant herbivores first emerged in the late Triassic period and thrived until the end of the Cretaceous period.”

“Sauropods displayed considerable taxonomic diversity and included the largest terrestrial animals in history.”

“Neosauropoda eventually branched into two primary clades, Diplodocoideae and Macronariidae, early in their evolutionary journey. This major classification has been widely accepted since the 1990s, though there is ongoing debate regarding the classification of many Jurassic taxa into these subclades or Neosauropoda as a whole.”

Fossil remains identified as Vicaracosaurus dionydei, including vertebrae, ribs, and parts of a hip joint, were first reported to paleontologists in March 2001 by local farmer Dionid Mesa.

This fossil site belongs to the Canadon Carcareo Formation, located in central to northern Chubut province, Argentina.

Historically, researchers have relied heavily on fossils from North America, Europe, and other Northern Hemisphere regions to piece together the evolution of neosauropods.

Both the Canadon Carcareo Formation and the Tendaguru Formation in Tanzania stand out as rare Gondwanan deposits preserving skeletons of multiple sauropods.

“For years, the only significant archaeological site in the southern continent was in Tanzania,” stated lead author Professor Oliver Rauchat, a paleontologist at the Bavarian Institute of Paleontology and Geology, as well as Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich.

“The fossils from the Chubut province, including Vicaracosaurus dionydei, provide critical comparative material that enhances our understanding of these creatures’ evolutionary history, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere.”

Fossil evidence indicates that Vicaracosaurus dionydei is part of a giant herbivore group known as Macronaria, which later gave rise to iconic giants like Brachiosaurus.

Yet, this new dinosaur’s anatomy also shows remarkable similarities to diplodocids, another sauropod lineage that includes famous species like Diplodocus.

To ascertain its position within the dinosaur family tree, researchers employed two distinct phylogenetic datasets for analysis.

Most analyses positioned Vicaracosaurus dionydei as sharing traits with Macronaria and Brachiosauridae, including Brachiosaurus and the African giant Giraffatitan.

“Our phylogenetic analysis indicates that Vicaracosaurus dionydei is closely related to brachiosaurids, making it the earliest known brachiosaur to inhabit South America during the Jurassic period,” Reuter concluded.

The research team’s paper was published in the online journal Peer J.

_____

A. Reuter et al. 2026. Vicaracosaurus dionydei, a new giant herbivorous dinosaur (sauropod) from the Late Jurassic Canadon-Carcareo Formation in Argentina and insights into the early evolution of giant sauropods. Peer J 14: e20945; doi: 10.7717/peerj.20945

Source: www.sci.news

Understanding Gentoo Penguins: More Than Just One Species

Posted on May 11, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Recent genetic research reveals that the iconic Gentoo Penguin is actually comprised of four distinct species, including one that was previously unknown to science. Alarmingly, three of these species are increasingly threatened by climate change.

Geographical distribution of the four distinct species of Gentoo Penguins in the Southern Ocean. Image credit: Noll et al., doi: 10.1038/s42003-026-10081-7.

Among seabirds, the Gentoo Penguin Complex (Pygocelis papua) showcases a significant example of adaptive divergence, with unique morphological, ecological, and genetic characteristics among lineages in the Southern Ocean.

Recent studies indicate the presence of four to six distinct evolutionary lineages, each inhabiting environments with minimal ecological overlap. This suggests that local conditions may significantly influence their adaptive divergence.

“The taxonomy of the gentoo penguin has long been contentious,” stated Professor Lauri Bowie of the University of California, Berkeley. “For over a century, the debate over the number of species and subspecies has persisted.”

“This paper aims to resolve that issue using a cutting-edge integrative approach.”

Professor Bowie and colleagues have presented compelling genetic proof that what was once believed to be a single, widely dispersed species of gentoo penguin is actually four separate species.

“North of the polar front, where temperatures are warmer, there exists an eastern lineage: Pygocelis teniata, found on Crozet Island, Marion Island, and Macquarie Island. The northern lineage, Pygocelis papua, is limited to the Falkland/Malvinas Islands and Martillo Islands in South America,” the researchers explained.

“Just above the polar front is a newly identified southeastern lineage, Pygothelis kerguelensis, which evolved on Kerguelen Island and possibly nearby Heard Island.”

“Below the polar front, the most populous group is Pygocelis Elswati, found along the Antarctic Peninsula, the coast of Antarctica, and South Georgia Island.”

Pygothelis kerguelensis was previously overlooked due to its similarities to other gentoo species, with only subtle differences in size and vocalizations. Its distinctive white underside and black back provide effective camouflage against predators while hunting in marine environments.

However, genetic analysis has deemed it a cryptic species, substantially unique from its counterparts.

“In Antarctica, various species, not just gentoo penguins, are at risk due to climate change,” stated Professor Juliana Viana from Andres Bello National University. “Gentoo penguins face the most significant threats in the subantarctic region—a collection of widely distributed islands governed by several nations, including Chile, South Africa, France, the Netherlands, Australia, and New Zealand.”

“It is crucial for conservation agencies in all involved countries to recognize and protect these three unique gentoo penguin species.”

The team’s study was published in the journal Communication Biology.

_____

D. Knoll et al.. Integrative evidence reveals adaptive divergence and speciation in gentoo penguins. Commun. Biol. published online on April 23, 2026. doi: 10.1038/s42003-026-10081-7

Source: www.sci.news

New Koala Fossil Species Discovered in Museum Drawer: A groundbreaking Find

Posted on May 7, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

A long-neglected fossil in the Western Australian Museum’s collection has been identified as a new species of koala, named Phascolarctus sulcomaxiliaris. This ancient animal vanished from Western Australia as drought and cooling transformed its habitat at the end of the Pleistocene epoch.

Reconstruction of Phascolarctus sulcomaxiliaris. Image credit: Nellie Pease.

Comparatively, the modern koala (Phascolarctus cinereus) is Australia’s largest arboreal folivorous creature and serves as one of the continent’s most iconic marsupials.

Koalas inhabit various forest types along Australia’s east coast and have also migrated to parts of South Australia, including Adelaide and Kangaroo Island.

These remarkable animals are currently listed as vulnerable. Historically, their populations have faced declines due to habitat destruction, disease, vehicle strikes, predation by dogs, and hunting for fur, according to the IUCN.

“Although the koala is now locally extinct in Western Australia (WA), its remains have been known since 1910,” stated Dr. Kenny Trabouillon from the Western Australian Museum and Curtin University.

“Bones attributed to this species have previously been reported from several cave deposits in southwestern WA, including Koala Cave at Yanchep and Madura Cave on the Low Plains.”

Due to similarities in their teeth, Phascolarctus cinereus and the new species were historically considered the same.

In their study, paleontologists analyzed 98 bones from fossil specimens in the Western Australian Museum’s collection.

They compared the skulls, teeth, and posterior skulls to modern koala skeletons housed in museum collections along Australia’s east coast, revealing distinct and quantifiable differences that characterized Phascolarctus sulcomaxiliaris.

“This species exhibits several notable distinctions from contemporary koalas,” Dr. Trabouillon noted.

“The presence of large facial muscles in deep grooves of the cheekbones suggests that this koala may have possessed unusually large and flexible lips, potentially useful for manipulating eucalyptus leaves or enhancing its sense of smell to detect food from afar.”

Additionally, it appears that its skeletal structure was less agile than that of modern koalas, indicating it may have spent less time traversing trees.

Fossils of Phascolarctus sulcomaxiliaris have now been found across more than a dozen locations in southern Western Australia, including Yanchep, Margaret River, and the Low Plains near Madura.

This extensive distribution suggests that these koalas once occupied a significantly larger range than previously understood.

Radiometric dating indicates that Phascolarctus sulcomaxiliaris became extinct around 28,000 years ago.

“This timing coincided with significant climate change during the Late Pleistocene, when eucalyptus forests were reduced to about 5% of their current coverage,” explained Dr. Trabouillon.

“With substantial loss of food and shelter, the koalas in this region faced severe habitat degradation, likely leading to the extinction of this unique species.”

A detailed paper describing Phascolarctus sulcomaxiliaris has been published in today’s edition of Royal Society Open Science.

_____

Kenny Trabouillon et al. 2026. A new fossil of a Pleistocene koala (Marsupial: Phascolarctidae) from Western Australia. R Soc Open Science 13 (5): 251572; doi: 10.1098/rsos.251572

Source: www.sci.news

New Study Suggests Three Distinct Species of Three-Toed Sloths

Posted on April 30, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Extensive genome-wide analysis of the Amazonian two-toed sloth (genus Choloepus) reveals that these remarkable creatures possess greater genetic diversity than previously understood, suggesting the potential existence of undiscovered species.

Hoffmann’s two-toed sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni). Image credit: Camila Mazzoni.

The two-toed sloth is a slow-moving, tree-dwelling mammal that inhabits the lush rainforests of Central and South America.

Interestingly, although named for their two clawed digits on the front legs, these animals do not literally have “two digits.” This characteristic differentiates them from their three-toed counterparts.

Belonging to the genus Choloepus, the three-toed sloth is classified within the monophyletic family Choloepodidae.

Currently, scientists acknowledge two main species: Hoffmann’s two-toed sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni), found from Central America to parts of South America, and Linnaeus’s two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus), predominantly located in the Amazon Basin.

Dr. Camila Mazzoni of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research highlights that Choloepus didactylus is monotypic with a wide distribution throughout the Amazon, while Choloepus hoffmanni comprises five recognized subspecies in Central America, as well as northwestern parts of Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador.

Both species are believed to coexist in the western Amazon, a region known for its rich concentration of terrestrial mammals, exhibiting distinct morphological traits such as fur coloration and skeletal characteristics.

However, significant overlaps in body size and coat color present challenges for accurate taxonomic classification.

To investigate the phylogenetic and biogeographical history of this genus in the Amazon, the researchers compiled existing mitochondrial data and generated new genomic datasets, including mitochondrial and whole-genome sequences from Choloepus individuals sampled across three remote Amazonian regions.

This comprehensive analysis allowed them to assess population structure, lineage relationships, demographic history, and genomic diversity patterns among sampled lineages.

The findings revealed that Choloepus hoffmanni is not a singular, cohesive lineage as previously thought.

Instead, populations east of the Andes share closer genetic relationships with Choloepus didactylus than with their western counterparts, indicating a “paraphyletic” classification that fails to capture the species’ true evolutionary history.

Even more remarkably, the research uncovered at least three deeply divergent genetic lineages among Amazonian sloths, suggesting that many others may yet be identified.

This hidden diversity dates back millions of years. By comparing nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, they reconstructed the sloth evolutionary timeline, revealing significant divergences linked to historical environmental changes.

The separation of sloths on opposite sides of the Andes likely occurred around 4.6 million years ago during the final uplift of the mountains that reshaped South America’s landscape.

Then, approximately 2.6 million years ago, the Quaternary Ice Age began, fragmenting the Amazon rainforest into isolated habitats, which would have introduced barriers to migration for these arboreal creatures, setting them on separate evolutionary paths.

Genetic analyses also indicated that sloth populations have experienced expansions and contractions in response to glacial cycles throughout history.

Dr. Mazzoni emphasized, “The Amazon sloth represents both an ancient evolutionary relic and a critical indicator of current deforestation trends.” She asserted, “The discovery of cryptic lineages and potentially new species underscores the urgency of advancing sloth research, which our team actively pursues.”

“This collaborative research lays a crucial foundation for sloth conservation efforts.”

“Our findings demonstrate the pivotal role of genomic research in revealing the hidden biodiversity of the Amazon, directly informing conservation strategies to protect unique evolutionary units before they are threatened by human activities.”

For further details, refer to the published study in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.

_____

Larissa S. Arantes et al. 2026. Genomic insights into the evolutionary history and puzzling diversity of the three-toed sloth (Choloepus) in the Amazon. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 221: 108620; doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2026.108620

Source: www.sci.news

Newly Discovered Triassic Dinosaur Species Unearthed in New Mexico

Posted on April 18, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

A newly identified genus and species of carnivorous herrerasaurid dinosaur has been revealed from a well-preserved skull unearthed in northern New Mexico.

Artistic rendition of Ptychoterates buculentus. Image credit: Megan Sodano / Virginia Tech.

This newly discovered dinosaur species lived approximately 201 million years ago during the Rhaetian period of the Late Triassic era.

Identified as Ptychoterates buculentus, this species offers a rare glimpse into a lesser-known chapter of dinosaur evolution.

“Dinosaurs emerged during the Carnian period (237 to 227 million years ago) in the early Late Triassic and eventually branched into three lineages that thrived into the Jurassic: ornithischians, theropods, and sauropods,” explained Virginia Tech paleontologists Simba Srivastava and Stirling Nesbitt.

“While most of the earliest dinosaur fossils have been found in high-latitude regions of Pangea (present-day Brazil, Argentina, Zimbabwe, and India), comparable dinosaur remains from lower latitudes (like Late Triassic deposits in the southwestern United States and Morocco) are rare.”

The fossil remains of Ptychoterates buculentus include a nearly complete skull, which features an intact braincase and the majority of the skull roof, discovered in 1982 at the Coelophysis Quarry in northern New Mexico.

The skull measures about 22 cm (9 inches) in length, indicating it was a relatively tall and narrow-headed dinosaur.

“The skull reveals this species had prominent cheekbones, a broad braincase, and likely a short, deep snout,” added the paleontologist.

“These characteristics are the first of their kind seen in early dinosaurs, highlighting the ongoing evolution of these magnificent creatures.”

Ptychoterates buculentus belongs to one of the earliest-known families of carnivorous dinosaurs, the Herrerasauria.

This species is closely related to two other Triassic dinosaurs, Tawa Harae and Chindesaurus briansmalli.

These species form part of a newly defined clade, Morphoraptora, characterized by a mix of anatomical traits found in both primitive dinosaurs and later theropods.

“Our anatomical comparisons with other Triassic archosaurs support the identification of Ptychoterates buculentus as a new taxon within the saurischian dinosaurs, closely linked to Tawa Harae,” explained the researchers.

“More broadly, our findings position Ptychoterates buculentus as a member of Morphoraptora, a clade known primarily from Late Triassic deposits in the southwestern United States.”

Previously, scientists believed that by the late Triassic period, the earliest lineages of carnivorous dinosaurs had vanished, replaced by more advanced theropods.

However, the discovery of Ptychoterates buculentus indicates that some of these lineages survived much longer than anticipated, at least in the lower latitudes of the ancient supercontinent Pangea.

“Ptychoterates buculentus was found in strata that appear to date just before the Great Extinction at the end of the Triassic, and members of this family never appeared again, suggesting that this group perished due to the mass extinction,” the scientists noted.

“This finding necessitates a reevaluation of the end-Triassic extinction’s impact, showing that it not only eliminated competing dinosaur species but also long-established dinosaur lineages,” Srivastava added.

“Furthermore, since herrerasaurids have not been discovered elsewhere in the Late Triassic, it is likely that what is now the American Southwest served as the final refuge for these dinosaurs.”

The discovery of Ptychoterates buculentus is detailed in a research paper published in this week’s edition of the journal Paleontology Papers.

_____

Simba Srivastava & Sterling J. Nesbitt. 2026. A new taxon of saurischian dinosaurs (Triassic: modern Norian or Rhaetian) from Coelophysis Quarry in New Mexico, USA, highlighting the diversity of Herrerasaurus in the Late Triassic. Paleontology Papers 12 (2): e70069; doi: 10.1002/spp2.70069

Source: www.sci.news

Emperor Penguins Face Rapid Decline: Now Listed as Endangered Species

Posted on April 9, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Emperor Penguins at Risk of Extinction by 2100

Stefan Christmann/naturepl.com

Antarctica is witnessing a dramatic decline in two iconic species—the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) and the Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella), both of which are now classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List.

Meanwhile, the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) has been downgraded from “Least Concern” to “Vulnerable.”

The IUCN Red List is recognized globally as the most comprehensive evaluation of the conservation status of animal, fungal, and plant species.

Data from the IUCN reveals that satellite imagery indicates a staggering loss of about 10%—over 20,000 adult emperor penguins—between 2009 and 2018. Projections estimate that their population will be cut in half by the 2080s.

“We’ve determined that human-induced climate change represents the most critical threat to emperor penguins,” stated Philip Trathan of the British Antarctic Survey and a member of the IUCN Species Survival Committee. “Early spring sea ice collapse is already impacting colonies throughout Antarctica, further alterations in sea ice will influence breeding, feeding, and molting habitats.”

The population of Antarctic fur seals has plummeted by over 50%, dropping from more than 2 million adult seals in 1999 to approximately 944,000 in 2025, primarily due to climate change.

In addition, southern elephant seal numbers have been severely affected by avian influenza, resulting in over 90% mortality among newborns in certain colonies, according to the IUCN.

Sharon Robinson from the University of Wollongong, Australia, along with colleagues, highlighted in 2022 that emperor penguins are among Antarctica’s most endangered species, potentially facing extinction by 2100.

“Global warming, which warms the oceans and melts sea ice, is eradicating the breeding grounds essential for successful reproduction of emperor penguins,” Robinson noted. “Like many birds and mammals, penguin chicks require safe environments for development, yet human activities are swiftly dismantling these critical habitats.”

Robinson, along with Dana Bergstrom from the University of Wollongong, also stressed the urgent need for attention. The 2025 survey offered alarming updates on the plight of emperor penguins and fellow Antarctic species.

“Of over 60 known emperor penguin colonies around the coastline, about half have exhibited increased reproductive failure or complete loss of breeding success due to early ice loss since 2016, with 16 colonies affected more than once,” Bergstrom explained. Fast ice refers to the sea ice that clings to the coast or seabed.

“This context adds to the already dire situation on the Antarctic Peninsula, where premature sea ice collapse has led to drowning chicks,” she stated.

The fate of the emperor penguin is “inextricably linked to climate policy,” according to the World Wildlife Fund. “To mitigate severe impacts, it’s critical to transition from fossil fuels and restrict global temperature rise to as close to 1.5°C as feasible,” WWF emphasized.

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Ancient Fossil Octopus: New Findings Reveal Multiple Species Identified

Posted on April 8, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Paulsepia mazonensis has captivated the scientific community as a cephalopod species first identified in 2000 from a remarkable 300-million-year-old specimen. This fascinating creature has earned a spot in the Guinness Book of World Records for being the world’s oldest octopus. Recent research has led to its reclassification as a distant relative of the nautilus, offering new insights into the timeline of octopus evolution, according to paleontologists.

Depiction of old cadmus collapse in the Mason Creek Basin, highlighting various Mason Creek fauna, including the polychaete Esconites zelus and the elasmobranch shark Bandringa rayi. Image credit: Franz Anthony.

Originally described from isolated siderite concretions, Paulsepia mazonensis has been recognized as the oldest known octopus, predating earlier estimates by over 150 million years. This revelation raises significant questions regarding our comprehension of cephalopod evolution, according to Dr. Thomas Clements, a paleontologist from the universities of Leicester and Reading.

This intriguing fossil from the Late Carboniferous Maisonkrieg Lagerstätte (311 to 360 million years ago) possesses distinct features, including a ‘sack-like’ fused head and mantle, symmetrical fins, and a pair of eyespots, alongside arms and specialized tentacles, yet lacks evidence for an inner or outer shell.

In a recent comprehensive study, researchers revisited this enigmatic fossil alongside several new specimens.

Employing advanced analytical methods, they uncovered a previously unrecognized radula, the toothed tongue characteristic of most molluscs.

Analysis of the alveolar bone suggests that Paulsepia mazonensis is more aligned with the shelled nautilus than previously thought.

This organism experienced significant decomposition prior to fossilization, leading to its ambiguous classification for decades.

“We conclude that Paulsepia mazonensis is synonymous with the Old Cadmus poli, based on morphological evidence,” the researchers confirmed.

This reinterpretation resolves a longstanding mystery regarding octopus evolution and unveils the oldest preserved nautilus soft tissue ever documented.

Through synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence elemental mapping, the team identified dental ossicles concealed within the concrete matrix of Paulsepia mazonensis.

The morphology of radial elements indicates that Paulsepia mazonensis does not correspond to coronal octamers but represents the oldest soft-tissue nautilus fossil discovered to date.

This reclassification challenges the Paleozoic origin of octopuses, further supporting a mid/late Mesozoic origin for crown octopuses while diminishing the credibility of the colloid affinity related to controversial Cambrian soft-bodied fossils like Nectocaris pterix.

The findings accentuate the complexities in interpreting exceptionally preserved soft tissue at the Masonkrieg Lagerstätte and underscore the necessity for thorough reevaluation of enigmatic consolidated soft-bodied fossil materials.

The team’s research paper has been published today in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

_____

Thomas Clements et al. 2026. Synchrotron data reveals characteristics of nautiloids Paulsepia mazonensis refuting the Paleozoic origin of octopods. Proc Biol Sci 293 (2068): 20252369; doi: 10.1098/rspb.2025.2369

Source: www.sci.news

Rare Harvestman Species Discovered in Ukrainian and Baltic Amber

Posted on April 2, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

In an article published on March 18 in the Journal Acta Paleontology Polonica, paleontologists have unveiled an exciting discovery: a new species of harvestman identified from two Eocene amber pieces originating from Ukraine and the Baltic Sea region.

Reconstruction of Balticolasma Wunderlichi by artist Joshua Knüppe.

The newly identified harvestman is the first known member of the subfamily Ortholasmatinae found in the fossil record.

This species, named Balticolasma Wunderlichi, thrived in Europe approximately 35 million years ago during the Eocene epoch.

Today, these intricate, often ornate arachnids are primarily found in certain regions of East Asia and the Americas.

“The Ortholasmatinae subfamily contains some of the most visually striking modern harvestmen, characterized by complex and branched eye tubercles and unique dorsal microcarvings known as keel cells,” remarked paleontologist Christian Bartel from the Bavarian State Collection of Natural History and his colleagues.

“Currently, there are seven extant genera with 27 described species, each exhibiting distinct distributions.”

Balticolasma Wunderlichi was identified based on two specimens: a suspected female from Rovno amber in northwestern Ukraine and a male specimen preserved in Baltic Sea amber.

The fossils originated from private collections in Germany (Baltic Sea specimen) and Lithuania (Rovno specimen) and are currently housed at the Berlin Museum of Nature.

“The discovery of Ortholasmatinae harvestmen in European amber deposits was surprising. This group is no longer present in Europe today,” stated Dr. Bartel.

“Their relatives now inhabit only East Asia and North and Central America.”

“Clearly, during the Eocene epoch, about 35 million years ago, these harvesters had a much broader distribution across the Northern Hemisphere than they do today.”

Balticolasma Wunderlichi Female from Rovno Amber. Image credit: Bartel et al., doi: 10.4202/app.01283.2025.

Researchers employed high-resolution synchrotron microtomography to meticulously reconstruct the anatomy of Balticolasma Wunderlichi.

The scans revealed a small, flat body, measuring less than 3mm long, adorned with rows of tubercles and a distinctive forward-protruding hood-like structure.

“Some of its morphological features align closely with existing Asian genera,” the scientists observed.

This study underscores the scientific significance of amber deposits in the Baltic and Rovno regions.

The discovery enriches the catalog of known harvestman species preserved in these ambers, offering new insights for reconstructing the evolutionary tree of the group.

“Baltic amber is renowned for its exceptional fossil diversity, frequently revealing species that no longer exist in Europe today,” noted paleontologist Dr. Jason Dunlop from the Berlin Museum of Nature.

“The discovery of a new harvestman species in Ukraine once again illustrates the likely similarities between the harvestman fauna in both regions.”

“With this new addition, the number of harvestman species found in Baltic Sea amber rises to 19, while the number from ancient Ukrainian Rovno amber increases to seven. Six species have been documented in both locations.”

_____

C. Bartel et al. 2026. 3D analysis of ortholasmatine, first recovered from European Eocene amber. Acta Paleontology Polonica 71 (1): 95-107; doi: 10.4202/app.01283.2025

Source: www.sci.news

Newly Discovered Steamer Duck Species in Chile: A Remarkable Avian Find

Posted on March 26, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Researchers have discovered a new species of the Tassiere genus, a group of aggressive and mainly flightless ducks, in the icy waters off the southern coast of Chile.

Beak color patterns in adult specimens: Chiloe steamer duck (A) and Magellanic steamer duck (B). Image credit: Bernabé López-Lanús and Mariano Costa.

Known as Tassiere, this small genus of waterfowl exhibits intriguing ecological traits, including most species being flightless. Their unique name comes from their distinctive movement over water, where they flap their wings like paddles.

These ducks are notably territorial, aggressively defending their habitats from rival species.

According to Argentine ornithologists Bernabe López-Lanús and Mariano Costa, “Natural history of Tassiere is often marked by a mix of certainties and errors throughout time.”

Interestingly, some Tassiere species may include both flying and non-flying individuals within a single population, blurring traditional species classifications.

The researchers employed bioacoustics to analyze the vocalizations of all known steamer duck species. They employed a combination of field recordings, archived databases, and spectrogram analysis.

While some calls, like the quick “click” sounds used for marking territory, are similar across species, others are distinctive. The “raspy growl” contact call revealed a consistent, species-specific acoustic pattern.

“This call is typically produced alone or precedes territorial vocalizations,” the researchers noted.

Male specimens of the newly identified species produced calls with a unique “dome-shaped” frequency profile, which contrasts with the “scalene triangle” pattern seen in closely related species like the Magellan Steam Duck (Taquiere Puteneres).

This new bird, named the Chiloe Steamer Duck (Tassiere Kettle), is endemic to the Chiloe and Aysén regions of Chile. Its range extends around 40 degrees south latitude, from northern Valdivia and the Chiloe regions to the Taitao Peninsula.

While this species frequents protected coastal environments, rich in macroalgae and inland waterways, the Magellanic steamer duck thrives in more exposed, wave-battered coastlines further south.

“Reproductive adults compete for optimal foraging sites, often found within underwater forests of Macrocystis pyrifera (commonly known as kelp),” the researchers stated.

This habitat boasts dense refugia rich in diverse invertebrates, such as amphipods, gastropods, polychaetes, and juvenile fish, which these birds typically access by diving.

This discovery emphasizes the importance of sound in modern taxonomy and reveals hidden biodiversity even within well-studied species, particularly in remote and complex environments.

“Cases like the discovery of Tassiere Kettle demonstrate that bioacoustics is essential for understanding the taxonomy of challenging species, even when sample sizes are limited,” the authors concluded.

Read their research paper published in the journal Audio Lunis.

_____

Bernabe López-Lanús and Mariano Costa. 2026. A new species of steamer duck (Anseriidae: Tassiere) from the Chiloé region of Chile, confirmed as a distinct taxonomic group from Taquiere Puteneres. Audio Lunis 5:2-65

Source: www.sci.news

Rediscovered: Two Ancient Marsupial Species Thought Extinct for 6,000 Years Found Alive in New Guinea

Posted on March 25, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Recent scientific research has unveiled two previously unknown species of marsupials within the remote rainforests of New Guinea’s Vogelkop Peninsula. The Pygmy Longfinger Possum (Dactylonax Kambuyai) and Wow Glider (Thus ayamalensis) are believed to have vanished around 6,000 years ago. These discoveries indicate that New Guinea’s rich forests may still conceal remnants of an ancient animal kingdom.

Pygmy Longfinger Possum (Dactylonax Kambuyai), a female spotted in the Kralik area of the Vogelkop Peninsula. Image credit: Carlos Bocos.

Professor Tim Flannery from the Australian Museum states: “The identification of a ‘Lazarus taxon’ is a remarkable event, especially when it was thought to be recently extinct.”

“The uncovering of two species once believed to be extinct for millennia is truly exceptional.”

“This discovery underscores the crucial need to conserve these unique biological regions and highlights the significance of collaborative research in safeguarding hidden biodiversity.”

The pygmy long-tailed possum and the ring-tailed glider, known through Pleistocene fossils found in Australia and New Guinea, inhabit secluded lowland forests of the Vogelkop Peninsula.

“Vogelkop represents an ancient section of the Australian continent, now part of New Guinea,” remarked Professor Flannery.

“Its forests may still harbor even more hidden aspects of Australia’s natural history.”

The Pygmy Longfinger Possum boasts striking stripes and remarkable adaptability, featuring one finger on each hand that is twice as long as the next longest finger.

This species is thought to have vanished from Australia during the Ice Age, a period notorious for the extinction of iconic megafauna, including the diprotodon and the marsupial lion.

Wow Glider (Thus ayamalensis), a subadult from the South Solon area of the Vogelkop Peninsula. Image credit: Arman Muharmansyah.

The ring-tailed glider is closely related to the Australian Glider (Petauroides) and marks the first new genus of marsupials identified in New Guinea since 1937.

Smaller than its relatives, this species features furless ears and a strong, prehensile tail, forming lifelong pair bonds and typically raising just one pup annually.

Similar to sugar gliders, these marsupials reside in tree hollows high within the forest canopy and face threats from logging practices.

“The glider, known locally as tous among some Tamburou and Maybrat communities, is deemed sacred,” shared Lika Koline, a Maybrat community member.

“It symbolizes the spirits of our ancestors and plays a key role in educational practices such as initiation ceremonies.”

“Our meticulous collaboration with Tamburou Elders was essential, and without the involvement of Traditional Owners, this identification would not have been feasible.”

“We are immensely proud that Papuan researchers have contributed to these groundbreaking findings. Our gratitude extends to the communities in Misool, Maybrat, and Tambulo for their continued support in this research,” stated Dr. Aksamina Yohanita from the University of Papua.

A detailed study discussing these findings was published on March 6th in the Australian Museum Records.

_____

Tim F. Flannery et al. 2026. “Reemergence after 6,000 years: A modern record of the ‘extinct’ Papuan marsupial, Dactylonax Kambuyai (Marsupial: Petauridae), revised phylogeny and zoogeography of the genus Dactylonax.” Records of the Australian Museum 78 (1): 17-34; doi: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.78.2026.3003

Source: www.sci.news

New Herbivorous Dinosaur Species Discovered in South Korea: A Breakthrough in Paleontology

Posted on March 19, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

A newly discovered species of small herbivorous dinosaur has been unveiled from a partial skeleton of a juvenile found in South Korea.

Artist’s interpretation of Durisaurus humini. Image courtesy of Jun Song Yi.

Durisaurus humini, a dinosaur species that thrived in what is now Korea during the mid-Cretaceous period, approximately 113 to 94 million years ago.

This prehistoric species belongs to the Thescelosauridae family, a group of bipedal dinosaurs known to populate East Asia and North America during the Cretaceous.

“The fossil record of dinosaur skeletons in South Korea has historically been limited in abundance and completeness,” stated paleontologist Dr. Jeong-yoon Jeong from the University of Texas at Austin and Chonnam National University.

“Currently, only two dinosaur species from South Korea have been recognized, both characterized by partial posterior skulls from the late Cretaceous period: Coriaceratops fasongensis and the newly identified Collenosaurus bosongensis from the Senso Zaibatsu.”

The fossilized remains of Durisaurus humini were uncovered in 2023 within mid-Cretaceous rocks, specifically in the Nishiroyama layer on the southwestern coast of the Korean Peninsula.

The specimen encompasses a skull, vertebrae, hind limbs, and multiple bezoars (digestive stones).

Advanced X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) allowed researchers to reveal hidden anatomical details of the dinosaur’s interior embedded within the rock.

With a fuzzy coat, the dinosaur was likely about the size of a turkey but still a juvenile. Durisaurus humini may have eventually reached double this size.

Histological analysis suggests that this individual was very young, possibly around 2 years old.

“It would have been incredibly cute, resembling a young lamb,” commented Julia Clark, a paleontologist at the University of Texas at Austin.

Durisaurus humini marks the first new dinosaur species discovered in South Korea in 15 years, and it is the first dinosaur fossil with a partial skull to be found in the country.

“Upon discovering the specimen, we immediately noted some preserved leg bones and vertebrae,” Dr. Jung said.

“We were pleasantly surprised to find parts of the skull and other bones hidden within the rock blocks, creating significant excitement among the team.”

The clusters of gastroliths and their dimensions suggest that Durisaurus humini may have had a more omnivorous diet than previously assumed.

“The morphology of the gastroliths associated with Durisaurus humini and other early neoplacolates may imply a generalized or omnivorous dietary approach for this group,” the researchers noted.

“However, variations in gastric anatomy and bezoar use observed in modern birds indicate a cautious approach is necessary when interpreting dietary habits of non-avian dinosaurs.”

This groundbreaking discovery emphasizes the potential for further skeletal finds in South Korea, particularly at paleontological sites like Afed, where environmental conditions differ from those at locations known for rich trace fossil deposits.

Durisaurus humini suggests a greater diversity of Cretaceous dinosaurs in Korea than currently reflected in the trace fossil record,” the authors concluded.

For detailed insights, refer to their paper, published today in the online journal Fossil Record.

_____

J. Jung et al. 2026. A new species of dinosaur discovered in Korea and its implications on the diversity of early-diverging neoplates. Fossil Record 29 (1): 87-113; doi: 10.3897/fr.29.178152

Source: www.sci.news

New Bird Species Discovered in Japan: Ornithologists Unveil Rare Findings

Posted on March 18, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Genetic and acoustic research has revealed that the rare Iijima Warbler (Philoscopus ijimae) comprises two distinct species, including the newly identified crested warbler. Both species are small and face vulnerability in their habitats.

Japanese Warbler (Philoscopus tocharensis) taken in June 2017 on Nakanoshima, Tokara Islands. Image credit: Per Alström / Uppsala University.

The Japanese Warbler is a rare migratory bird native to Japan.

They breed in the Izu and Tokara Islands, located about 1,000 kilometers southeast of Honshu, Japan.

The Tokara population was only identified in Nakanoshima in 1988, with breeding also observed on four nearby islands.

Despite similarities between the two populations, research shows notable differences in their songs, as highlighted by a study led by Per Alström from Uppsala University.

Analyzing song patterns has enabled researchers to distinguish island populations with remarkable accuracy.

Genetic analysis of thousands of genome-wide markers and mitochondrial sequences shows a significant divergence between the two lineages, suggesting a separation period of approximately 2.8 to 3.2 million years.

“This finding underscores the importance of genetic research in recognizing hidden biodiversity, especially during the global biodiversity crisis,” stated Dr. Alström.

Despite potential for seasonal migration bringing them closer, no gene flow has been detected, indicating long-term reproductive isolation.

“Defining the new species is challenging,” Alström remarked. “They appear identical to a Japanese Warbler, but DNA analysis and song differences confirm their classification as distinct species.”

The Izu Islands population has been classified as endangered, while the newly recognized Tokara species is known as the Tokara Leaf Warbler (Philoscopus tocharensis), posing further conservation challenges.

Breeding has only been confirmed on Nakanoshima, with limited sightings across the archipelago.

Genomic studies indicate both species exhibit low genetic diversity, alongside historical population declines linked to their small, isolated nature, though signs of limited inbreeding may indicate a recovery from earlier bottlenecks.

Island species face unique threats, including habitat disturbance from human activities and invasive predators, further stressing fragile populations.

This study emphasizes a significant concern in conservation biology: species that lack formal recognition might receive inadequate protection.

Integrating genomics with traditional taxonomy can aid in identifying these hidden lineages before they go extinct.

“Island species are especially at risk, yet many remain undiscovered,” the researchers concluded. “Our findings reveal how genomics can expose hidden biodiversity and serve as critical indicators of population health.”

The urgency of formally recognizing and assessing the conservation status of these rare species is imperative in an ever-changing world to ensure the protection of overlooked lineages.

This study contributes to comprehensive conservation assessments for passerine birds leveraging genomic data.

The research team’s findings are documented in their paper published in PNAS Nexus.

_____

Takema Saito et al. 2026. Discovering and protecting enigmatic biodiversity: A case study of previously undescribed endangered bird species in Japan. PNAS Nexus 5(3):pgag037; doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag037

Source: www.sci.news

Can Species Evolve Rapidly Enough to Adapt to Global Warming?

Posted on March 12, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

California’s Drought-Induced Cracked Sacramento River Bed

Kyle Grillot/Bloomberg via Getty Images

Recent observations show that a species has thrived despite extreme weather through rapid evolution. Does this suggest that species increasingly affected by soaring temperatures and challenging conditions can adapt as the planet continues to warm?

Historically, evolution has rescued numerous species from climate-related threats. Over the past 500 million years, Earth’s climate has fluctuated significantly, with species, including crocodiles, thriving in regions like the Arctic. Plants and animals have consistently adapted to survive as their environment changes.

The critical factor is time. Previously, the quickest climatic shift known was the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, occurring approximately 56 million years ago, when temperatures jumped by 5 to 8 degrees Celsius over about 20,000 years. Today’s projections suggest temperatures could exceed 4°C by century’s end. Can evolution effect such rapid change?

The answer, particularly for organisms with short life cycles, is a resounding yes. Compelling evidence comes from the wild plant known as the Scarlet Monkeyflower (Mimulus cardinalis), which adapted rapidly during the drought that hit California from 2012 to 2015.

Daniel Anstedt, a researcher at Cornell University in New York, began an extensive study of the monkeyflower in 2010. He assessed the plants’ growth annually across many habitats and collected samples for DNA analysis.

The Scarlet Monkeyflower thrives near water, making it vulnerable to drought conditions. Anstedt notes, “If you plant it in a pot and don’t water it for a few days, it simply dies.”

Remarkably, while three local populations disappeared, many surviving plants exhibited numerous mutations related to climate adaptation in their genomes, indicating they evolved drought tolerance within a remarkable three years. These populations were also the fastest to recover post-drought.

This phenomenon is termed “evolutionary rescue,” where species survive critical threats through rapid evolutionary changes. While lab studies have demonstrated this, Anstedt asserts that this is the first real-world case of its kind.

Scarlet Monkeyflower: A Water-Loving Plant

Douglas Tolley / Alamy

“Demonstrating exponential evolution is challenging,” Anstedt explains. “It requires showing a population’s decline due to a threat, illustrating genetic adaptation, and confirming that these changes facilitated recovery.”

Numerous instances of evolutionary rescue exist; for example, finches in the Galápagos Islands adapted to drought, Tasmanian devils evolved in response to contagious cancer, pests gained resistance to pesticides, and killifish adapted to pollution in U.S. rivers. However, Anstedt notes that verifying all three key factors in these instances remains uncharted territory.

“This research is pivotal as it shows recovery can be attributed to rapid evolution, a realization that hasn’t been documented extensively across species,” he adds.

Andrew Stouffer, a professor at Washington State University studying Tasmanian devils, concurs: “While we’ve observed rapid evolution in species like the Tasmanian devil, evidence linking it to demographic recovery is scarce.”

It’s important to note that the three-year drought detailed here is weather-related, not necessarily indicative of long-term climate shifts. “Determining long-term adaptation to climate change requires additional time,” Stouffer emphasizes.

In essence, the Scarlet Monkeyflower’s adaptation to survive one severe drought doesn’t guarantee it can evolve to withstand rising temperatures or extreme weather variations a century or more down the line. “Future droughts could be even worse than those experienced recently,” Anstedt warns.

Moreover, as populations decline, valuable genetic diversity—the key to evolutionary adaptability—is lost. Frequent and severe population declines diminish a species’ evolutionary potential each time.

Consequently, as global warming escalates, the frequency and intensity of threats will likely increase, while the capacity for evolution may diminish, particularly in long-lived species with extended generation times.

Nevertheless, Anstedt views his findings as promising. “Many current predictions about species decline neglect to account for evolution,” he concludes. “This insight brings hope for future adaptability.”

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Discover Two Newly Identified Bird Species in the Amazon Rainforest

Posted on March 10, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Long believed to be a single species found throughout the Amazon rainforest, ant birds are, in fact, a group of different species, including two newly identified ones: Cherkomakra village and Cercomacula laucisona. These species inhabit distinct areas of the southern Amazon. This revelation was made possible through an extensive analysis of museum specimens and bird audio recordings. Discover more about the gray ant bird (Sercomacra cinerasense), which further complicates our understanding.

Cercomacula laucisona. Image credit: Fernando Zurdo.

The gray antbird is a small, inconspicuous bird native to forested areas. These birds thrive in dense understory habitats across Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

Males typically exhibit gray plumage while females appear brownish, making it challenging for ornithologists to differentiate between various populations in this vast geographical region.

To reassess species boundaries, researchers led by Sercomacra cinerasense expert Wagner Cavalzere from the University of Complex conducted comparative studies on feather coloration, body measurements, and vocalizations.

The study analyzed 682 bird specimens from museum collections and evaluated 347 song recordings.

The team employed BirdNET, a deep learning platform designed to classify bird calls, to assess song structure.

“Birds rely heavily on vocal communication, which is crucial for species recognition,” the researchers stated.

“Their songs serve as sonic signatures, essential for uncovering hidden diversity.”

The findings indicated distinct divisions in populations separated by major Amazonian rivers.

Birds residing north of the Pastaza, Maranhão, Solimões, and Amazon rivers exhibited consistent differences in coloration and song patterns compared to southern populations.

Cherkomakra village is found in the forested region between the Ucayali and Madeira rivers, while Cercomacula laucisona inhabits areas between the Madeira and Tapajos rivers.

“These rivers act as long-standing natural barriers,” the researchers noted.

“The populations have diverged independently over millennia to evolve into the unique species we describe today, isolated by these significant rivers.”

Cherkomakra village. Image credit: Tomas Melo.

Additionally, scientists recognized several previously named forms as distinct species, bringing the total in this complex to five.

Each species is characterized by unique vocal traits and geographical ranges, with minimal evidence of overlap or hybridization.

This discovery underscores the vast unexplored biodiversity within the Amazon, revealing complexities among bird species previously thought to be well understood.

“By integrating artificial intelligence with fundamental bioacoustics and museum collection studies, we uncover diversity that would otherwise remain invisible,” the authors emphasized.

“Acknowledging these species is crucial for their conservation in a rapidly changing environment.”

For further details on this discovery, refer to the new paper published in Vertebrate Zoology.

_____

V. Cavalzere et al. 2026. Integrated taxonomy of Sercomacra cinerasense Species complex with descriptions of two new species (Birds: Thamnophilidae). Vertebrate Zoology 76: 73-91; doi: 10.3897/vz.76.e171834

Source: www.sci.news

Newly Discovered Giant Mosasaurus Species Unveiled in Morocco

Posted on March 7, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Paleontologists have discovered a new giant species of Mosasaurus, named Pluridence Imeraki, derived from Late Cretaceous phosphate deposits in Morocco. This slender-jawed mosasaur may have reached over 9 m (29.5 ft) in length, making it a significant addition to the mosasaur family.

Pluridence Imeraki holotype, enlarged view of the dentary. Scale bar – 10 cm. Image credit: Nicholas R. Longrich & Nour-Eddine Jalil, doi: 10.3390/d18030159.” width=”580″ height=”281″ srcset=”https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/03/image_14606_1-Pluridens-imelaki.jpg 580w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/03/image_14606_1-Pluridens-imelaki-300×145.jpg 300w” sizes=”(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px”/>

Pluridence Imeraki holotype, enlarged view of the tooth. Scale bar – 10 cm. Image credit: Nicholas R. Longrich & Nour-Eddine Jalil, doi: 10.3390/d18030159.

Pluridence Imeraki existed in the ocean during the late Maastrichtian period of the Cretaceous, roughly 66 to 67 million years ago.

This species is classified under the Halisauridae subfamily, which typically includes smaller mosasaurs. Early members ranged from approximately 4 to 5 m (13 to 16.4 ft) long, such as Halisaurus, which could grow up to about 7.5 m (24.6 ft) in closely related species like Pluridence Serpentis.

At over 9 meters long, Pluridence Imeraki rivals the largest predatory mosasaurs from the region.

Dr. Nicholas Longrich from the University of Bath and Dr. Nour Eddin Jalil from the National Museum of Natural History in Paris remarked, “The Late Cretaceous saw a significant expansion of mosasaurs, a specialized group of large marine predators that dominated the oceans during the final 25 million years of this period in Marrakech.”

“Morocco’s late Maastrichtian Phosphate Formation is home to the most diverse mosasaur assemblage known, featuring what could be the richest marine reptilian fauna globally.”

“In recent years, numerous new mosasaur species have been identified, with over 16 species reported so far.”

“The four primary subfamilies of mosasauridae represented in these phosphates include mosasauridae, plioplatecarpini, tylosauridae, and halisauridae, along with basal mosasauridae like Pachybalanus.”

“While mosasaurids account for most of the species diversity, halisaurids thrived in phosphate-rich areas and were prevalent across Africa during the Cretaceous.”

Pluridence Imeraki, Pluridence Serpentis, and Halisaurus aramburgi from the latest Maastrichtian phosphates in Morocco. Scale bar – 1 m. Image credit: Nicholas R. Longrich & Nour-Eddine Jalil, doi: 10.3390/d18030159.” width=”580″ height=”323″ srcset=”https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/03/image_14606_2-Pluridens-imelaki.jpg 580w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/03/image_14606_2-Pluridens-imelaki-300×167.jpg 300w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/03/image_14606_2-Pluridens-imelaki-316×176.jpg 316w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/03/image_14606_2-Pluridens-imelaki-195×110.jpg 195w” sizes=”(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px”/>

Relative sizes of Pluridence Imeraki, Pluridence Serpentis, and Halisaurus aramburgi, all extracted from Morocco’s latest Maastrichtian phosphates. Scale bar – 1 m. Image credit: Nicholas R. Longrich & Nour-Eddine Jalil, doi: 10.3390/d18030159.

A 1.25 m (4.1 ft) long skull, along with the lower jaw of Pluridence Imeraki, was unearthed from the phosphate layer of Couche III in Sidi Chennan, Kouribga department, Morocco.

The phosphate layer represents a marine upwelling zone, deposited in a shallow marine embayment along the eastern edge of the Atlantic Ocean from late Maastrichtian to early Eocene times,” noted the paleontologist.

“These formations are part of vast phosphate accumulations that arose along the Tethyan Mountains and the eastern Atlantic margin during the Late Cretaceous and early Paleogene.”

Compared to related species, Pluridence Imeraki likely exhibited a distinct feeding strategy.

Variations in jaw structure, tooth shape, and eye size suggest that this species occupied unique ecological niches in the marine ecosystem at the Cretaceous’s end.

“We discovered that halisaurids were not only more diverse than previously imagined, but also exhibited greater variation in tooth morphology, jaw shape, and body size,” the researchers concluded.

“Instead of merely competing with mosasaurines, halisaurinae experienced a minor adaptive radiation during the Late Cretaceous and served as significant components of low-latitude ecosystems.”

The discovery of Pluridence Imeraki was detailed in a research paper published in this week’s edition of Diversity.

_____

Nicholas R. Longrich and Nour Eddin Jalil. 2026. A giant halisaurine from the late Maastrichtian of Morocco. Diversity 18(3):159; doi: 10.3390/d18030159

Source: www.sci.news

Early Homo Species First Appeared in the Jordan Valley Over 1.9 Million Years Ago

Posted on February 24, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

New Study Reassesses the Age of the Jordan Valley Ubaydiya Layer: Dating Back Approximately 2 Million Years, Comparable to Georgia’s Dmanisi Ruins. This Research May Mark a Critical Moment in Human Evolution, Indicating That Early Humans with Advanced Tool-Making Skills Expanded into New Environments Much Earlier Than Previously Believed.

Artist’s reconstruction of Homo erectus. Image credit: Yale University.

The Ubaydiya ruins are situated in Israel’s Jordan Valley, nestled between Menahemia village and Beit Zerah kibbutz.

Discovered in 1959, this site has yielded a distinctive Ature hatchet but only a few human remains.

“The Ubaydiya Formation has been a focus of research for years, offering early evidence of the Acheulean culture, recognized by its large, double-sided stone tools, often found alongside a diverse array of fauna, including species from Africa and Asia,” remarked Ali Matmon, a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

“Yet, determining the precise age of this site has posed a considerable challenge over the decades.”

“Historically, researchers estimated Ubaydiya’s age to be between 1.2 and 1.6 million years, based on relative chronology.”

To ascertain the site’s true age, researchers employed three independent dating techniques: magnetic stratigraphy, uranium-lead (U-Pb) dating of mollusc shells, and cosmogenic isotope burial dating.

“Cosmogenic isotope burial dating measures rare isotopes generated when cosmic rays strike rocks on Earth’s surface,” explained the research team.

“Once buried, these isotopes decay at a known rate, effectively beginning a geological clock that indicates how long they have been underground.”

“We also analyzed remnants of Earth’s ancient magnetic field preserved in lake sediments at the site,” they added.

“As sediment settles, it locks in the orientation of the planet’s magnetic field at that time.”

“By correlating these magnetic signatures with known historical reversals in Earth’s magnetic field, we established that this formation emerged during the Matsuyama period, over 2 million years ago.”

“We also examined the fossils of melanopsis, utilizing U-Pb dating to determine the age of shells and freshwater snails within the sediment, which helped us establish the minimum age of the layer where the stone tools were discovered.”

“Overall, our findings indicate an age much earlier than previously anticipated.”

Double-sided stone tool excavated from the Ubaydiya site in Israel. Image credit: Omri Barzilai.

The team’s results indicate that the Ubaydiya site is at least 1.9 million years old, significantly older than prior estimates.

“This new chronology suggests that Ubaydiya is roughly contemporaneous with the renowned Dmanisi site in Georgia, implying that our ancestors migrated to different regions simultaneously,” the scientists noted.

“Additionally, this suggests that both simpler Oldowan and more advanced Acheulean stone tool-making techniques began their migration from Africa as various hominin groups explored new terrains.”

This groundbreaking study is published in the Quaternary Science Review.

_____

A. Matmon et al. 2026. The Complex History of Radiation Exposure Burials in the Dead Sea Rift Valley and the Recycling of Pleistocene Sediments Affecting the Age of the Acheulian Site Ubaydiya. Quaternary Science Review 378: 109871; doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109871

Source: www.sci.news

New Sauropod Dinosaur Species Discovered in Brazil: A Groundbreaking Find

Posted on February 24, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Researchers in Brazil have unearthed a newly identified species of vertebrate sauropod dinosaur resembling those from Europe, hinting at an ancient migration route that once linked two continents, now divided by the Atlantic Ocean.

Artist’s impression of Dasosaurus tocantinensis. Image credit: TotalDino / CC BY 4.0.

This newly discovered dinosaur species lived approximately 120 million years ago during the Early Cretaceous period, a time when the world’s landmasses were consolidated within the southern supercontinent Gondwana.

Dubbed Dasosaurus tocantinensis, this dinosaur measured about 20 meters (66 feet) in length.

It belonged to the Somphospondyli clade, which includes titanosaur-like sauropods that thrived from the late Jurassic to the end of the Cretaceous period.

The partial skeleton of Dasosaurus tocantinensis was unearthed in the Itapecur Formation located in northeastern Brazil.

This dinosaur features distinct anatomical traits, such as elongated ridges and grooves on its caudal vertebrae, as well as a notably pronounced lateral bulge on its femur, characteristics not previously identified in any known species.

These unique features indicate that Dasosaurus tocantinensis lies outside the titanosaur lineage, a subgroup of sauropods that would later dominate the southern continents.

Interestingly, this new species appears most closely related to Galumbachitan morelensis, another sauropod that existed in present-day Spain around 122 million years ago.

The discovery not only catalogs a new species but also reinforces the idea that Early Cretaceous South America was not an isolated evolutionary niche.

Instead, it formed part of a vibrant network of land connections that facilitated dinosaur migrations between continents long before the Atlantic Ocean was fully formed.

“This finding expands the known diversity of Early Cretaceous sauropods in northern South America and underscores their biogeographical ties to Europe and other regions in northern Gondwana,” stated lead author Max Langer from the University of São Paulo and colleagues.

“Indeed, numerical biogeographical analyses suggest that a clade consisting of Dasosaurus tocantinensis and Galumbachitan morelensis originally arose in Europe, with their lineages migrating from Europe to South America through North Africa during the Valanginian (137 to 133 million years ago) and Aptian (121 to 113 million years ago) periods.”

The discovery of Dasosaurus tocantinensis was reported in a research paper published on February 12th in the Journal of Systematic Paleontology.

_____

Elver L. Mayer et al. (2026). A new European-like titanosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil: Insights into the phylogeny, histology, and biogeography of Somphospondyli. Journal of Systematic Paleontology 24(1); doi: 10.1080/14772019.2025.2601579

Source: www.sci.news

Discover the Unique Ant Species: A Queens-Only Colony with No Males or Workers

Posted on February 24, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

The parasitic species Temnothorax kinomurai targets the closely related ants, Temnothorax makora.

Credit: Clalit/iNaturalist

In a groundbreaking discovery, researchers have identified a unique parasitic ant species in Japan that has effectively eradicated both male and female worker ants from their colonies. This means that all individuals in these colonies function as queens, attempting to dominate the nests of competing species.

Typically, ant colonies are structured with a queen, female workers, and short-lived males that die shortly after mating.

For over four decades, scientists have speculated about the existence of this elusive parasitic ant, Temnothorax kinomurai, which is known to produce only queens. Until now, however, there was no definitive proof.

Young queens of this parasitic species infiltrate the nests of closely related ants, Temnothorax makora, killing the host queen and some workers through stinging. They then reproduce asexually, creating cloned offspring in a process called parthenogenesis—a phenomenon that is rare among ants but common in other insect species. As a result, workers from T. makora are deceived into nurturing the young kinomurai queens.

Research led by Jurgen Heinze and his team at the University of Regensburg, Germany, successfully bred and raised T. kinomurai queens in a controlled laboratory environment, resulting in 43 queen offspring—none of which displayed male reproductive organs.

The resulting 43 queens were then introduced to colonies of T. makora. Out of these, seven queens survived and successfully executed their takeover, producing 57 additional offspring, all confirmed to be female queens.

“This discovery reveals a completely new form of social organization among ants, adding a fascinating dimension to the already complex world of ants,” Heinze states.

While invading the colonies of other species can be a precarious tactic—evidenced by the study’s high queen failure rates—having an all-female offspring increases the likelihood of establishing a new reproductive colony.

“If parthenogenesis arose through random mutation, this is the outcome. A single T. kinomurai queen can produce 100 daughters without the need for mating, leading to 100 queens ready to seek out new colonies,” Heinze explains.

“This species represents the pinnacle of social parasitism evolution, showcasing the remarkable adaptability in the life cycles of social insects,” he concludes.

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

European Ants Successfully Clone Another Species: Insights from Sciworthy

Posted on February 23, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

When discussing evolutionary biology, we often assume that the offspring of organisms belong to the same species. However, the European ant Messol Iberix challenges this notion. Recent studies in evolutionary ecology have uncovered that certain ants in the genus Messer are likely descended from two different species, leading to the term hybrids.

A groundbreaking study conducted by researchers at the University of Montpellier in France revealed that European ant queens are capable of producing worker ants through cloning hybrids from other ant species. This remarkable finding positions the European ant as the first known animal to spontaneously generate offspring from a different species, a process termed Heterogeneous parity, challenging preconceived notions in reproductive biology.

By investigating the population genetics of Messer ants and analyzing single DNA nucleotides at specific genomic locations, scientists discovered that all worker ants within the European ant species are hybrids. Genetic sequencing has confirmed that these worker ants inherit maternal genes from European ants and paternal genes from their closely related harvester ants, identified as messerstructor. The ecological implications of this hybridization are significant, especially since these two species typically do not coexist in Europe, raising questions about the origins of these hybrids.

To investigate further, researchers analyzed samples from wild European ant colonies. From 132 males across 26 colonies, they observed that 44% exhibited hairiness—a trait indicative of European ants—while the remaining 56% appeared hairless, typical of harvester ants. Through DNA and protein sequence analyses, they confirmed these physical differences stemmed from a mix of both European and harvester ant species, which diverged over 5 million years ago.

Interestingly, European ant queens engage in polygamy, mating with both European and harvester ant males. This dynamic means that to produce worker ants, European ant queens rely on sperm from harvester males, as sperm from European males produces only queens. Consequently, all worker ants are hybrids, meaning the survival of these colonies is dependent on the presence of male harvesters.

To solidify their hypotheses, researchers sequenced the mitochondrial genome, which is exclusively inherited from mother ants. Analyzing 286 eggs from five laboratory colonies, they discovered that 9% of the eggs laid by queens solely contained harvester ant DNA, supporting the idea that European ant queens can produce offspring without their own genetic material. This unique phenomenon, where males serve as the sole source of genetic inheritance, is termed androclonality or androgen.

Researchers believe that millions of years ago, when both species thrived in close proximity, European ant queens acquired sperm from wild harvester ant colonies to produce workers. As harvester ant populations declined in Europe, these queens adapted by storing sperm and began directly cloning males through their eggs, establishing a unique clonal lineage of male harvester ants that persists today.

The study indicated that a majority of hybrid workers within the colonies observed were fathered by male clones, although a small fraction came from male harvester ants. The genetic diversity among cloned males was notably lower than that found in wild males. Researchers noted distinct physical differences, akin to the contrast between domesticated cats and their wild counterparts, with cloned harvesters exhibiting reduced body hair compared to their wild relatives. This led the researchers to propose that these male clones should be classified as a domesticated variant of the harvester ant species.

While artificial cloning is generally recognized in scientific circles, the natural cloning adaptation observed in European ant queens highlights a fascinating survival strategy. Although their ability to clone males from another species has been established, the cellular and genetic mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. Unraveling the evolutionary origins of this behavior and its implications for other species presents an intriguing challenge for the research team in France.

For more insights on this topic, check out the article: here.

Post views: 194

Source: sciworthy.com

Experts Urge Attention for the World’s Smallest and Cutest Deer Species

Posted on February 23, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Just when you thought Bambi couldn’t get any cuter, meet the Pudu, the world’s smallest deer. Slightly taller than domestic cats, these adorable creatures more than make up for their small size with immense charm.

With captivating doe eyes, a button-shaped nose, tiny feet, and perky ears, this small South American mammal looks like it just hopped out of a Disney movie.

There are two species of Pudu: the Southern Pudu and the Northern Pudu, also known as the Kitapudu.

https://c02.purpledshub.com/uploads/sites/41/2026/02/pudu-deer.mp4

Pudu is the world’s smallest deer, weighing less than a Corgi and standing no taller than a domestic cat.

The Southern Pudu, with its chestnut-colored fur, is native to the Valdivia temperate forest in south-central Chile and Argentina.

In contrast, the Kitapudu has a lighter coat and a darker face, primarily found in the Andes Mountains of Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, and Ecuador.

Adult Kitapudus weigh about the same as a domestic cat, but unlike felines, Pudus can be seen sporting charming headgear!

Each year, adult male Pudus grow a pair of distinctive, single-pointed horns that they use in playful “jousting” matches during the autumn mating season in the southern hemisphere. Males establish their territory and compete for dominance and mating rights.

These jostling contests can get intense, as males will jump, kick, and poke with their front legs, chasing each other and locking horns. Imagine Bambi caught up in a spirited brawl!

However, Pudus are typically solitary creatures, only socializing during mating or when females are raising their fawns. In the wild, they can be quite elusive.

By day, they conceal themselves in dense forest undergrowth, but at night, they emerge to perform essential duties such as marking their territory and foraging for food.

When it comes to diet, Pudus prefer low-hanging fruit—both literally and figuratively. Due to their petite size, they thrive on plant material found at ground level, including herbs, ferns, bark, and fallen fruit.

If they desire a treat from higher up, Pudus will ingeniously stand on their hind legs or climb a branch. Observers have documented them using their front legs to bend or break seedlings to reach tender leaves.

These nervous creatures are easily startled. This makes sense, considering their young are prey for Andean foxes, long-eared owls, and pumas—animals that can threaten their existence.

When alarmed, Pudus emit a warning sound and quickly zigzag to safety in the underbrush.

Though they breed successfully in captivity, the same cannot be said for their wild counterparts. Pudus are increasingly threatened by habitat destruction due to cattle ranching, agriculture, and logging.

Additionally, some are captured for the pet trade or hunted with specially trained dogs. A recent study found that wild Pudus have also begun transmitting diseases from nearby livestock, emphasizing the urgent need to protect these charming animals.

If you have any questions, please email us at: questions@sciencefocus.com or reach out to us on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram (please include your name and location).

Explore our ultimate fun facts and discover more amazing science topics!

Read more:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Massive New Dinosaur Species Unearthed in Sahara Desert

Posted on February 23, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Paleontologists have made an exciting discovery of a monumental new dinosaur species in a secluded area of the Sahara Desert. Named Spinosaurus mirabilis—which translates to “amazing spinosaurus” in Latin—this colossal creature roamed more than 95 million years ago in what is now Niger, far from the coastal regions typically associated with similar fish-hunting dinosaurs.

Measuring as long as a school bus and weighing several tons, Spinosaurus mirabilis stands out from other spinosaurs due to its distinctive scimitar-shaped crest on its head. This unique feature was so rare that researchers did not recognize its importance during the initial excavation in 2019; they only grasped its significance upon returning in 2022 to unearth additional specimens.

“This discovery was so sudden and surprising that it was incredibly exciting for our team,” said Paul Sereno, Professor of Organismal Biology and Anatomy at the University of Chicago. Sereno led the groundbreaking research, which was published in a 2016 Science study.

“I will cherish the moment we gathered around our laptops at camp to observe the new species for the first time, after one of our team members generated a 3D digital model of the bones we uncovered to assemble the skull. It was then that the full significance of the discovery became clear,” he added.

The interlocking upper and lower teeth of the skull form a lethal trap for slippery fish. Fish-eating is a proven adaptation found in ichthyosaurs, crocodiles, and pterosaurs, and distinguishes Spinosaurus from its dinosaur relatives. – Photo credit: Keith Ladzinski

Previous Spinosaurus fossils are mainly found near ancient coastlines. These dinosaurs, characterized by their long snouts and conical teeth reminiscent of modern crocodiles, were exceptionally adapted for hunting fish.

The extent of their aquatic capabilities is still debated, with some researchers asserting they were powerful swimmers, while others believe they spent most of their time paddling through shallow waters.

Interestingly, S. mirabilis was discovered hundreds of kilometers away from the nearest coast. Researchers propose that this region of Niger may have once been a lush forest landscape crisscrossed by rivers, rather than a coastal area.

Ana Lazaro, a participant in the 2022 Niger Expedition, holds the third and most complete head print known from the new spinosaurid *Spinosaurus mirabilis*. – Photo credit: Alvaro Simarro

“I envision this dinosaur had no difficulty entering 2 meters (6.5 feet) of water with its robust legs, but likely spent most of its time stalking through shallower areas, hunting for the day’s many large fish,” Sereno remarked.

Nevertheless, many mysteries remain about this new species and its closely related counterparts in the Spinosauridae family.

“This new discovery will only enhance its mystique,” said Steve Brusatte, a professor and paleontologist at the University of Edinburgh, who was not involved in the study. BBC Science Focus.

“This surprising discovery underscores that there is still much to learn about Spinosaurus. While dinosaurs have long been shrouded in enigma, each new fossil sheds light on their true nature, bringing Spinosaurus into clearer focus.”

Read more:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Exciting Discovery: New Spinosaurus Species Unearthed in Niger

Posted on February 21, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Paleontologists Discover the First Distinct Species of Fish-Eating Dinosaur Spinosaurus mirabilis in Over a Century

Spinosaurus mirabilis — One of the last surviving spinosaurids. Image credit: Dani Navarro.

Recently identified as Spinosaurus mirabilis, this remarkable new species thrived during the Cretaceous period, approximately 95 million years ago.

The dinosaur fossil was unearthed by University of Chicago professor Paul Sereno and his team in a remote fossil site located in Jengeb, Niger, deep within the central Sahara desert.

One of the most striking characteristics of Spinosaurus mirabilis is its large, scimitar-shaped skull, which is unprecedented within this group.

“The scimitar-shaped skull was so substantial and surprising that when we first excavated it along with some jaw fragments in November 2019, we didn’t immediately recognize it,” they explained.

“Upon returning in 2022 with an expanded team, we uncovered two additional skulls, confirming the distinctiveness of this new species.”

“Based on the surface texture and internal blood vessels, we believe the skull was once covered in a layer of skin.”

“This display likely featured vibrant colors during its lifetime, curving upward like a blade to attract attention.”

Spinosaurus mirabilis capturing a coelacanth Mawsonia approximately 95 million years ago, near a river in what is now Niger. Image credit: Dani Navarro.

The discovery of Spinosaurus mirabilis challenges longstanding beliefs regarding the habitat and behavior of spinosaur dinosaurs.

Until this finding, most spinosaur fossils had been located in coastal sediments, leading to speculation about their fully aquatic lifestyle.

However, the new fossils from Niger are situated 500 to 1,000 kilometers away from the nearest ancient coastlines.

The researchers suggest that Spinosaurus mirabilis likely inhabited forested inland areas interspersed with rivers.

“I envision this dinosaur as a sort of ‘hell’s heron.’ With its robust legs, it could easily wade through two meters of water but likely spent the majority of its time stalking through shallow waters in search of large fish,” said Professor Sereno.

This pivotal research is detailed in a recently published article in the journal Science: paper.

_____

Paul C. Sereno et al. describe the new scimitar-shaped Spinosaurus species and its role in the evolution of spinosaurids. Science, published online on February 19, 2026. doi: 10.1126/science.adx5486

Source: www.sci.news

Newly Discovered Small Herbivorous Dinosaur Species Found in Spain

Posted on February 2, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

A groundbreaking discovery has unveiled a new genus and species of small bipedal dinosaur from fossils found in Burgos, Spain.

Reconstruction of Foskeia pelendonum. Image credit: Martina Charnel.

Foskeia pelendonum thrived during the Early Cretaceous period, approximately 120 million years ago.

This newly identified species is part of the Rhabdodontomorpha, a group of ornithischian dinosaurs that existed primarily from the early to late Cretaceous period.

The diminutive dinosaur was roughly the size of a modern chicken, setting it apart from many of its larger ornithischian relatives.

“From the outset, we recognized the uniqueness of these bones due to their small size,” stated Dr. Fidel Torcida Fernández Baldor, a paleontologist at the Salas de los Infantes Dinosaur Museum.

“Remarkably, this study challenges established global theories regarding the evolution of ornithopod dinosaurs.”

“Miniaturization does not imply evolutionary simplicity. This skull is distinctive and highly specialized,” added Dr. Marcos Becerra from the National University of Córdoba.

“Foskeia pelendonum bridges a 70-million-year gap, serving as a small key to unlock a vast chapter of evolutionary history,” remarked Dr. Thierry Tortosa, a paleontologist at the Sainte-Victoire Nature Reserve.

“This is not a ‘mini’ iguanodon; it’s fundamentally different,” emphasized Dr. Tabata Zanesco Ferreira from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.

“Its anatomy is peculiar in a way that fundamentally alters the evolutionary tree,” said Dr. Penélope Cursado-Caballero from the University of La Laguna.

The fossilized remnants of at least five individuals of Foskeia pelendonum were excavated from the Vegaguete site in Burgos, Spain.

“This site is part of the Castrillo de la Reina Formation, located between Villanueva de Calazo and Salas de los Infantes,” the researchers noted.

Histological analysis confirmed that the largest specimen was a sexually mature adult.

“The microstructure of the bones suggests that at least one individual was an adult with a metabolic rate akin to that of small mammals and birds,” said Dr. Cohen Stein from Vrije Universiteit Bruxelles.

“Understanding growth and development is vital for comparing anatomical structures within Foskeia pelendonum and other species.”

“Juveniles often exhibit anatomical changes as they mature.”

Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Foskeia pelendonum is closely related to the Australian dinosaur Muttaburasaurus, extending the European clade Rhabdodontia.

“Our findings indicate that herbivorous dinosaurs comprise a natural group called Phytodinosauria,” stated Dr. Paul-Emile Dieudonné from the National University of Rio Negro.

“This hypothesis requires further examination with additional data.”

Despite its modest size, Foskeia pelendonum exhibits specialized dentition and postural changes during growth, adapting for rapid movement through dense vegetation.

“These fossils illustrate that significant evolutionary experiments occurred at both small and large body sizes,” Dieudonné concluded.

“The future of dinosaur research relies on recognizing the significance of small details.”

The discovery of Foskeia pelendonum is detailed in a research paper published in the journal Paleontology Papers.

_____

l-Emile Dieudonné et al. 2026. Foskeia pelendonum, a new rhabdodontomorph from the Early Cretaceous of Salas de los Infantes (Burgos Province, Spain), and a new lineage of ornithischian dinosaurs. Paleontology Papers 12 (1): e70057; doi: 10.1002/spp2.70057

Source: www.sci.news