Tag Archives: exist

Understanding Neurodiversity: Why ‘Normal’ Brains Don’t Exist – A Revolutionary Perspective for the Century

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Historically, science operated under the notion of a “normal brain,” one that fits standard societal expectations. Those who diverge from this model have often been labeled with a disorder or mental health condition, treated as if they were somehow flawed. For years, researchers have refined the notion that neurodevelopmental conditions, including autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and movement disorders, should be recognized as distinctive variations representing different neurocognitive frameworks.

In the late 1990s, a paradigm shift occurred. What if these “disorders” were simply natural variations in brain wiring? What if human traits existed on a spectrum rather than a stark boundary between normal and abnormal? Those at either end of the spectrum may face challenges, yet their exceptional brains also offer valuable strengths. Viewed through this lens, diverse brains represent assets, contributing positively to society when properly supported.

The concept of neurodiversity gained momentum, sparking lively debates in online autism advocacy groups. By 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders recognized autism as a spectrum condition, abolishing the Asperger’s syndrome diagnosis and classifying it on a scale from Level 1 to Level 3 based on support needs. This shift solidified the understanding of neurodivergent states within medical literature.

Since the early 2000s, research has shown that individuals with autism often excel in mathematical reasoning and attention to detail. Those with ADHD frequently outperform others in creativity, while individuals with dyslexia are adept at pattern recognition and big-picture thinking. Even those with movement disorders have been noted to develop innovative coping strategies.

These discoveries have led many scientists to argue that neurodivergent states are not mere evolutionary happenstance. Instead, our ancestors likely thrived thanks to pioneers, creative thinkers, and detail-oriented individuals in their midst. A group possessing diverse cognitive strengths could more effectively explore, adapt, and survive. Some researchers now propose that the autism spectrum comprises distinct subtypes with varying clusters of abilities and challenges.

While many researchers advocate for framing neurodivergent characteristics as “superpowers,” some caution against overly positive portrayals. “Excessive optimism, especially without supporting evidence, can undermine the seriousness of these conditions,” says Dr. Jessica Eccles, a psychiatrist and neurodiversity researcher at Brighton and Sussex Medical School. Nevertheless, she emphasizes that “with this vocabulary, we can better understand both the strengths and challenges of neurodiversity, enabling individuals to navigate the world more effectively.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Did Black Holes Exist in the Early Universe? Exploring the Evidence

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Gas ball with a black hole

A New Discovery: Gas Balls with Black Holes at Their Centers

Shutterstock / Nazarii_Neshcherenskyi

The early universe is rich with enigmatic star-like gas balls powered by central black holes, a discovery that has astounded astronomers and may clarify some of the most significant mysteries unveiled by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

Upon initiating its observations of the universe’s first billion years, JWST uncovered compact, red galaxies that exhibited extraordinary brightness—galaxies unlike those found in our local universe. Previous interpretations suggested that these “small red dots” (LRDs) were either supermassive black holes engulfed in dust or densely packed star galaxies; however, these theories inadequately explained the light signals detected by JWST.

Recently, astronomers suggested that LRDs might actually be dense gas clusters with a black hole at their core, termed “black hole stars.” According to Anna de Graaf from Harvard University, as matter falls into a black hole, it emits immense gravitational energy, causing the surrounding gas to radiate light like stars. While this energy is distinct from nuclear fusion typical in stars, it results in a luminous mass of dense gas potentially billions of times brighter than our sun, according to de Graaf.

Despite some early evidence supporting this idea, a consensus remained elusive. Now, de Graaf and colleagues have reviewed the most extensive sample of LRDs since JWST’s launch, encompassing over 100 galaxies, and propose that these entities are best classified as black hole stars. “Although the term black hole star is still debated, there’s growing agreement within the scientific community that we’re observing accreting black holes enveloped by dense gas,” de Graaf noted.

When examining the spectrum of light emitted by an LRD, the observed patterns more closely resemble those from a uniform surface (blackbody) characteristic of stars, contrasting with the intricate and varied spectra from galaxies emitting light produced by a combination of stars, dust, gas, and central black holes.

“The black hole star concept has intrigued scientists for a while and, despite initial skepticism, is proving to be a viable explanation,” states Gillian Bellovary of the American Museum of Natural History. “Using a star-like model simplifies the framework for interpreting observations without necessitating extraordinary physics.”

In September, de Graaf’s team also identified another single LRD displaying a striking peak in the light frequency spectrum, which they dubbed “the cliff.” “We discovered spectral characteristics unexplainable by existing models,” de Graaf explained. “This pushes us to reevaluate our understanding and explore alternative theories.”

Presently, many astronomers agree that LRDs likely operate like vast star formations; however, de Graaf cautions that substantiating the black hole hypothesis presents challenges. “The core is hidden within a dense, optically thick envelope, obscuring what’s inside,” de Graaf explains. “Their brightness leads us to suspect they harbor black holes.”

A potential method to affirm their nature as black holes involves studying the temporal changes in emitted light, observing whether they fluctuate akin to known black holes in our universe, as noted by Western Hanki from Cambridge University. “We note brightness variances over brief intervals, yet there’s scant evidence of such variations in most LRD cases.”

While JWST’s observational timeframe is limited, scrutinizing long-lived light fluctuations from LRDs may yield insights. A new study by Sun Fengwu and his team at Harvard recently uncovered a gravitational lens, an LRD that bends light around a massive galaxy between us and the object. This lens generated four distinct images of the original LRD, mimicking observations over 130 years and suggesting brightness variations similar to known pulsating stars, aligning with the hypothesis of black hole stars. Sun and his team opted not to comment for this article.

Although utilizing gravitational lenses to observe LRDs at different times is clever, Bellovary notes that other factors might account for brightness changes. “The data may not suffice to validate their conclusion. While I’m not dismissing their claims, I think there may be alternative explanations for the observed variations.”

If it turns out these galaxies are indeed black hole stars, de Graaf warns we’ll need to devise a new model addressing their origin and what they evolve into, given the absence of equivalent systems in our local universe. “This could represent a new growth phase for supermassive black holes,” she concludes. “The nature of these events and their significance to the final mass of black holes remains an open question.”

Explore the Mysteries of the Universe in Cheshire, England

Join leading scientists for an exciting weekend dedicated to uncovering the universe’s mysteries, including a tour of the iconic Lovell Telescope.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

New study uncovers the potential for Earth-like life to exist near a white dwarf star

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According to a new study from the University of California, Irvine University, white dwarfs are the life of planets that have produced a warmer surface environment than a warmer surface environment formed within a habitable zone or within a habitable zone. It may provide a suitable environment.

The drainage ability to orbit the habitable zone of the white dwarf may have more Clement states to compensate for the cooling and dimming of the host star over time. Image credit: David A. Aguilar/CFA.

This study included the University of California Irvine Astronomer. Aokawa Shield Coworkers compared the climate of the water world with an Earth-like atmosphere composition orbiting in habitable zones of two different types of stars: the white d star and the main sequence K-Dwarf star Kepler-62.

Using a 3D global climate computer model, normally used to study the Earth's environment, they say that despite similar stellar energy distributions, the explanet of the white d star is far more than the Kepler-62 deplanet I discovered it was warm.

“White dwarf stars may emit some heat from residual nuclear activity into the outer layer, but they no longer exhibit fusion at their core,” Dr. Shields said.

“For this reason, we don't take into account much of the ability of these stars to host habitable exoplanets.”

“Our computer simulations suggest that if rocky planets exist in orbit, these planets may have more habitable real estate on their surface than previously thought. ”

The White Dwarf habitable zone is much closer to the stars compared to other star settlements, such as Kepler-62.

The authors emphasized that this would result in a much faster rotation period (10 hours) for the white dwarf exoplanet, and that Kepler 62's exoplanet has a 155-day rotation period.

Both planets can be trapped in synchronous orbits with permanent daysides and permanent nightsides, but the rotation of the super-fast white dwarf planets extends the circulation of clouds around the planet.

The much slower 155-day orbital period of the Kepler-62 planet contributes to large dayside liquid cloud masses.

“Synchronous rotation of exoplanets in habitable zones of normal stars like Kepler 62 creates more cloud covers on Earth's dayside, reflecting incoming radiation away from the Earth's surface. I expect that,'' Dr. Shields said.

“That's usually good for planets orbiting near the inner edge of the star's habitable zone, where you can cool off a bit, rather than losing the ocean in a runaway greenhouse.”

“But for a planet orbiting straight in the middle of a habitable zone, that's not a very good idea.”

“The planet orbiting Kepler-62 has so many clouds that it is covered in clouds, sacrificeing valuable habitable surface area in the process.”

“On the other hand, planets orbiting the white dwarf spin so fast that they hardly have cloudy time during the day, so they retain more heat and work in their advantage.”

Less liquid clouds and the strong greenhouse effect on the Nightside creates a warmer state on the white dwar planet compared to the Kepler-62 planet.

“These results suggest that the once thought to be lifeless, white d star stellar environment could present a new pathway for exoplanet and astrobiology researchers to pursue. I'm doing that,” Dr. Shields said.

“With powerful observational capabilities online to assess exoplanet atmospheres and astrobiology, such as those related to the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope, we are now studying a whole new class of whole new classes. You can enter a new stage of being. The world around the stars that was previously not announced.”

study It was published in Astrophysical Journal.

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Aokawa L. Seals et al. 2025. Increased surface temperature of the habitable white dwarf world compared to the main sequence exoplanet. APJ 979, 45; doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/AD9827

Source: www.sci.news

Scientifically Identified Creatures that Could Exist

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Throughout human history, stories about fantastical beasts and supernatural beings have captivated our imagination. From werewolves and vampires to yetis and deep-sea monsters, mythical creatures have inspired countless folk tales and cultural works, as well as elaborate hoaxes.

Many intrepid explorers ventured into the wilderness in search of conclusive evidence of these beings’ existence. While some mythical creatures turned out to be real species, others remain purely fictional, and some are still the subject of intense debate.

Cryptids, creatures that have not yet been scientifically described, are the focus of cryptozoology, the study of these mysterious animals. But what is the real science behind these mythical creatures?

vampire

Vampire bats in the Americas drink blood, but vampire legends predate Columbus. – Photo credit: Getty

Legends of vampires have been portrayed in various forms of media, but scientists suggest that this myth may have originated from real medical conditions such as porphyria or tuberculosis.

Some believe that vampire legends arose from societal fears of death and decay, rather than actual creatures that feed on blood like vampire bats or leeches.

yeti

Centuries-old tales of the yeti, a giant two-legged hairy creature in the Himalayas, have fascinated explorers and cryptozoologists worldwide. However, modern DNA analysis has debunked the existence of the yeti, attributing sightings to bears.

sea ​​snake

The gigantic oarfish, which can grow up to eight meters in length, may have inspired stories of giant sea serpents that terrified early explorers. – Photo credit: Alamy

Legends of giant sea snakes have historical roots, possibly inspired by sightings of the oarfish. Reports of oarfish rising to the surface in response to seismic activity could explain the myth of sea serpents as harbingers of doom.

griffin

Legends of the griffin, a winged creature with the body of a lion and the head of an eagle, may have originated from the discovery of early dinosaur fossils like the protoceratops. The griffin myth could have arisen from misinterpreted remains found in the Gobi Desert.

kraken

Photo credit: Getty

Scandinavian folklore of the Kraken, a giant octopus-like sea creature, has been linked to sightings of giant squids. While these deep-sea creatures are formidable, they are unlikely to attack large ships as depicted in the myths.

mermaid

Stories of mermaids, aquatic creatures with human bodies and fish-like tails, have ancient origins. These myths may have been inspired by sightings of manatees or dugongs by European sailors, combined with hallucinations from scurvy.

minotaur

Photo credit: Getty

The Greek myth of the Minotaur, a creature with the head of a bull and the body of a human, may have been influenced by seismic activity on the island of Crete, where earthquakes were common due to tectonic plate movements.

unicorn

The unicorn, a famous mythical creature depicted as a white horse with a horn, may have originated from mistranslated ancient texts referring to the aurochs. The legend of the unicorn persisted through the Middle Ages, fueled by the sale of narwhal tusks as unicorn horns.

5 Famous Monster Hoaxes

1. In 1958, giant footprints believed to be from Bigfoot were revealed to be a prank by Ray Wallace.

2. The “mermaids of Fiji” mummy was discovered to be a fake created by Japanese fishermen.

3. The Loch Ness Monster photo from 1934 was exposed as a hoax using a plastic head fixed to a toy submarine.

4. The “Cardiff Giant” petrified man was a sculpture created by George Hull.

5. The Cottingley Fairies photos were revealed to be cutouts from children’s books.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

New findings suggest water may exist on Mars – here are the potential locations.

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NASA's Mars Exploration Program includes two active rovers and three active orbiters. Concept studies for future Mars orbiter missions have begun.

Water on Mars may be lurking beneath or even above the planet’s surface.

NASA/JPL/USGS

Mars isn’t as dry as it seems. Billions of years ago, oceans and rivers of liquid water rippled across its surface, but now it appears that all of that liquid has disappeared, leaving behind a dusty barren landscape. But as we explore Mars with probes, landers, rovers, and even distant telescopic images, more and more traces of water are popping up.

Each hint fascinates researchers about how important water is to life and how it could aid future exploration. Water has now been found in various forms all over Mars. Here are five places where water has been found.

1. Buried underground

The InSight lander, visualized here, recently discovered new potential water reservoirs on Mars.

NASA/JPL-California Institute of Technology

Just beneath Mars’ dry surface lies an icy wonderland. These deposits are insulated by an overlying layer of dust, but erosion or meteorite impacts could expose them to the watchful eye of Mars orbiters. A single icy deposit recently identified using data from the Mars Express spacecraft appears to contain enough water to cover the entire Martian surface with an ocean 1.5 to 2.7 meters deep.

It’s not just ice buried under the orange sand. There’s a controversial theory that there’s a huge lake beneath Earth’s Antarctic pole. It could just be wet silt or volcanic rock. But… New Research Using data from the InSight lander, researchers have uncovered the possibility of another reservoir of water near the Martian equator. InSight found this water, buried 11.5 to 20 kilometers underground, by sensing Martian earthquakes and measuring the speed at which seismic waves travel. The results revealed that the rocks through which the earthquakes travel appear to be saturated with water.

2. Frost the pole

Frost in a crater on the North Plains of Mars

NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona

Reaching buried water on Mars will be difficult. For future explorers, the more promising reservoirs are probably exposed on the surface. Mars has ice caps at both poles, just like Earth’s, and we’ve known about them for decades. Many of Mars’ craters also contain small ice sheets inside them, the only places on the Martian surface cold enough to hold ice.

However, at higher latitudes on Mars, the air is cooler and more moist, and temporary frosts can occur. On frigid Martian mornings, volcano peaks are also covered in frost, likely caused by water vapor in the atmosphere freezing.

3. Floating in the atmosphere

www.newscientist.com

Is it true that tachyons exist as particles?

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Tachyon They are hypothetical particles that always travel faster than light. Until recently, they were commonly thought to be entities that did not fit into the special theory of relativity. New paper In the journal Physics Review DThese faster-than-light particles “are not only not excluded by the theory, but also allow us to better understand its causal structure.”

Tachyon AI impression.

“Movement at speeds faster than the speed of light is one of the most controversial problems in physics,” Professor Andrzej Dragan Researchers from the University of Warsaw and the National University of Singapore and their colleagues.

“Tachyons, hypothetical particles capable of traveling faster than the speed of light, are the awesome geniuses of modern physics.”

“Until recently, they were widely thought to be creations that did not fit into the special theory of relativity.”

“There are currently at least three known reasons why tachyons do not exist in quantum mechanics,” the researchers added.

“First, the ground state of the tachyon field must be unstable, which means that such faster-than-light particles would form avalanches.”

“Second, a change in the inertial observer must lead to a change in the number of particles observed in his reference system, but the presence of, say, seven particles cannot depend on who is looking at it.”

“The third reason is that faster-than-light particles can have negative energies.”

“Previous difficulties with tachyons have a common root,” the physicists said.

“It turns out that the boundary conditions that determine the course of physical processes include not only the initial state of a system but also its final state.”

“Simply put, to calculate the probability of a quantum process involving tachyons, we need to know not only the past initial state but also the future final state.”

“Once this fact was incorporated into the theory, all of the aforementioned difficulties disappeared completely and the tachyon theory became mathematically consistent.”

“It's a bit like internet advertising – one simple trick can solve the problem,” Prof Dragan said.

“The idea that the future influences the present, rather than the present determining the future, is not new in physics.”

“But until now this kind of view has at best been an unorthodox interpretation of certain quantum phenomena, and now we are forced to this conclusion by the theory itself.”

“We had to expand the state space to make room for tachyons.”

“We also predict that expanding the boundary conditions has consequences: a new kind of quantum entanglement appears in the theory, one that mixes the past and the future, that doesn't exist in classical particle theory.”

The team's paper also raises the question of whether tachyons described in this way are purely a mathematical possibility, or whether such particles might one day be observed.

“Tachyons are not merely a possibility but are in fact an essential component of the spontaneous destruction processes responsible for the formation of matter,” the authors say.

“This hypothesis implies that the Higgs field excitations, before the spontaneous symmetry breaking, could travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum.”

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Jerzy Paczos others2024. Covariant quantum field theory of tachyons. Physics Revision D 110(1):015006; doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.015006

This article is a version of a press release provided by the University of Warsaw.

Source: www.sci.news

Is it possible for liquid water to exist on planets orbiting dwarf stars?

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Denis Villeneuve's sci-fi masterpiece Dune: Part 2 The film hits theaters in the US in spring 2024. The movie follows the power struggles of the noble families of the desert planet Arrakis. But what if humanity had become an empire that spanned thousands of worlds in the distant future, as depicted in the film? Sand Dunes How common are desert planets or planets with no water at all in movies and novels?

In the search for these planets, a good place to start is with the most common stars: astronomers have observed what are called small, faint, cool, reddish stars. Red dwarf They make up most of the stars in the galaxy. Astronomers who study planets around stars other than the Sun estimate that every star has at least one planet. About half of the planets around red dwarfs are small, rocky planets with compositions similar to Earth. On the ground planet. Therefore, the most common type of terrestrial planet is thought to be around a red dwarf star.

For decades, astronomers have thought that red dwarfs are too cold for liquid water to exist on their surfaces. To reach the temperature range needed to support liquid water, planets around cooler stars need to orbit closer to their host stars than planets around hotter ones. But unlike stars like the Sun, which have a constant brightness, red dwarfs are born hotter and brighter than their final state for most of their lives.

The terrestrial planets formed with 15 to 70 times more water than Earth, most of it coming from drifting icy comets. But the heat of the young red dwarf star causes the water on these planets to evaporate, turning from liquid to gas in their atmospheres. In the planet's atmosphere, the intense starlight breaks down the water vapor into oxygen and hydrogen. Photolysis. The heavier oxygen stays on the planet while the lighter hydrogen drifts away, and astronomers estimate that as a result, planets around red dwarf stars lose tens of times as much water as Earth's oceans over their first billion years.

A team of Japanese scientists led by Hiroshi Kawamura challenged the paradigm that planets around red dwarfs should lose all their water in this way. They proposed that two factors could significantly reduce the initial water loss of planets orbiting dwarf stars. First, water is decomposed by the intense light in the planet's atmosphere, but some water is produced in the atmosphere when reactive free hydrogen mixes with hydrogen superoxide. Second, the decomposition of water in the atmosphere produces oxygen gas, which protects the water from further intense light.

Kawamura's team used software called the Photochemical and Radiation Transport Model to Proteus To test whether the planet would lose less water if these two factors were taken into account. The researchers calculated the water loss for an Earth-like planet with a water vapor-filled atmosphere and huge oceans. The planet orbits the dwarf star at a distance about 2% of the distance it orbits around the Sun, relative to TRAPPIST-1, shown in the featured image above. The researchers assumed that the only chemical reaction occurring in the planet's atmosphere is between hydrogen and oxygen. Kawamura and his team ran the model once to see if the results differed from previous studies and how they changed depending on the altitude of the planet's atmosphere.

The team found that the model planet's atmosphere turned out as expected: It had a very high layer of atmosphere, where starlight split water into free hydrogen and oxygen atoms, with the hydrogen escaping into space, and a layer of oxygen gas formed below, reducing the intensity of the starlight at lower altitudes, and the free hydrogen mixed with hydrogen superoxide in a chemical reaction to produce more water.

Ultimately, they calculated that the amount of water lost to space was only about seven times that of Earth's oceans. This means that even if a terrestrial planet started at the low end of the water content range, it could still have eight times as much water as Earth's oceans after its first billion years of existence. The researchers suggested that their findings imply that rather than a galaxy filled with planets with little water, like Earth, the universe could contain worlds with vast oceans orbiting dwarf stars. In other words, future humans are likely to discover Arrakis, but not Caladan. Still, they suggested that future researchers should test planetary water loss models with different atmospheric compositions, alternative cooling processes, and water trapped in the planet's rocks and magma.


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Source: sciworthy.com

Can consciousness exist in the universe? It may seem impossible, but the math tells a different story.

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They call it “the irrational validity of mathematics.” Physicist Eugene Wigner has the fascinating ability to describe and predict all kinds of natural phenomena, from the movements of planets and the strange behavior of fundamental particles to the effects of the universe, simply by manipulating numbers. He coined the term in the 1960s to summarize the facts. A collision between two black holes billions of light years away. Some are now wondering whether mathematics succeeds where all else fails, figuring out what it is that allows us to ponder the laws of nature in the first place.

That’s a big question. The question of how matter creates felt experiences is one of the most vexing problems we know of. And sure enough, the first fleshed-out mathematical model of consciousness sparked a huge debate about whether it could tell us anything meaningful. But as mathematicians strive to hone and expand the tools for looking deep within themselves, they are faced with some surprising conclusions.

In particular, they make clear that if we are to achieve an accurate account of consciousness, we must abandon our intuitions and realize that all kinds of inanimate objects, perhaps the entire universe, can be conscious. It seems to suggest that we may need to accept it. “This could be the beginning of a scientific revolution,” he says. Johannes KleinerMathematician at the Munich Center for Mathematics and Philosophy in Germany.

If so, it’s been going on for a long time. Philosophers have wondered about the nature of consciousness for thousands of years, but to little avail. Then half a century ago, biologists got involved. they discovered…

Article amended on May 4, 2020Fix: The campus of the Norwegian Inland University of Applied Sciences, where Hedda Hassel-Morch is based, has been updated to change the attribution of research on the effects of sleep or sedation on Phi.

Source: www.newscientist.com

Do love languages truly exist? – BBC Science Focus Magazine

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You’ve probably seen the five love languages ​​before, whether it’s on an online dating profile, a glossy magazine, or a viral TikTok video.

The theory behind it, created by American couples counselor Gary Chapman, claims that there are five “languages” that romantic partners use to communicate their love. It’s words of affirmation, quality time, gifts, acts of service, and physical touch. According to Chapman, problems in relationships can be caused by not communicating in the same “love language.”

But is there any science behind this theory? Do couples need to have compatible love languages to be happy?

“There’s no psychological evidence to suggest they actually exist,” he says Dr. Martin Graf, an academic psychologist who studies the psychology of romantic relationships. “If you look at it, [the theory] Intuitively it seems very plausible, and there are one or two studies that might support this whole concept a little bit, but there isn’t much scientific support for this idea. “

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Although there is no evidence to fully support Chapman’s five languages, various theories of relationship behavior suggest that the following may be the case. three, Six or Seven One of them. It is also unlikely that there is only one preference. Sometimes they want physical touch, but in other situations they want to spend quality time with their partner.

Moreover, we are not always good at knowing which language we want. In one 2013 study, participants selected the love language they felt most applicable to themselves and answered a series of questions designed to elicit their language preferences. of language. However, the relationship between People said what their preferred language was, but the answer didn’t matter: For example, someone might say that their love language is “physical touch,” but say they feel more loved when their partner gives them a gift.

This same study also found no significant results when researchers compared language-matched and language-matched couples and their relationship satisfaction. Sharing a love language doesn’t necessarily make you happy (Another study in 2017 came to the same conclusion.).

However, similar relationships yield better results. If you have a conflict over values ​​or handle the conflict in completely different ways; less likely to report relationship satisfaction.

“We’ve found that romantic couples who share similar core values, such as ethical views, political views, and the way they raise their children, tend to be more compatible,” Graf says.

So “birds of a feather flock together” is a better expression of what we look for in a long-term partner than “opposites attract.” But when we asked a sample of more than 1,600 couples about their personalities, we found that No association was found between similarity and overall life satisfaction. Given that our romantic relationships are influenced by other things that affect our life satisfaction and happiness, it’s clear that similarity alone is not enough to guarantee a happy relationship (or life). Of course.

Despite the lack of evidence to support or disprove Chapman’s theory, it’s still helpful to think about your own wants and needs in a relationship and talk about it with your partner. We often fall prey to cognitive biases known as “cognitive biases.” false consensus effectwhere we assume that others act and want the same things as we do.

Our preferences can change over time. What you consider important in a relationship today may seem superficial in 20 years. In the past, marrying for love may not have been as important as marrying for financial security; Love is now at the top of the list for most people.

About our experts

Dr Martin Graf is a Senior Lecturer in Psychology at the University of South Wales, UK. His main research interests are the psychology of romantic relationships, online dating, and social media. His research has been published in the following journals: technology, mind, behavior, nova science and Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com