Fossil Analysis Sheds Light on Early Human Walking Evolution: Expanding the Debate

Comparison of Sahelanthropus fossils with chimpanzees and humans

Sahelanthropus: Fossil comparison with chimpanzees and humans

Williams et al., Sci. Adv. 12, eadv0130

The long-standing debate regarding whether our earliest ancestors walked on knuckles like chimpanzees or stood upright like modern humans may be closer to resolution, yet skepticism remains.

Scott Williams and researchers at New York University recently reanalyzed fossil remains of Sahelanthropus tchadensis, indicating that this species possessed at least three anatomical features suggesting it was our earliest known bipedal ancestor.

The journey to this conclusion has been extensive.

Fossilized remains of a skull, teeth, and jawbone from approximately 7 million years ago were first identified in 2002 in Chad, north-central Africa. The distinctive features of this ancient species, including its prominent brow ridge and smaller canine teeth, were quickly acknowledged as diverging from ape characteristics.

Analyzing the skull’s anatomy suggests it was positioned directly over the vertebrae, analogous to other upright, bipedal hominins.

In 2004, French scientists uncovered the femur and ulna associated with the Sahelanthropus skull from Chad. However, it wasn’t until 2020 that researchers claimed the femur exhibited curvature similar to that of non-bipedal great apes.

Since then, scholarly debate has fluctuated. For instance, in 2022, researchers Frank Guy and Guillaume Daver of the University of Poitiers argued for anatomical features of the femur that indicate bipedalism. In 2024, Clement Zanoli and colleagues from the University of Bordeaux countered, suggesting Guy and Daver’s assertions were flawed, as the anatomical characteristics of bipedalism may also appear in non-bipedal great apes.

Lead study author Williams started with a “fairly ambivalent” stance on Sahelanthropus.

His team investigated the femur’s attachment point for the gluteus maximus muscle, finding similarities to human femur anatomy.

They also compared the femur and ulna size and shape; while similar in size to chimpanzee bones, they aligned more closely with human proportions.

Additionally, they identified the “femoral tuberosity,” a previously overlooked feature of Sahelanthropus.

“We initially identified it by touch, later confirming it with 3D scans of the fossil,” Williams shared. “This bump, present only in species with a femoral tubercle, contrasts smooth areas found in great apes and plays a critical role in mobility.”

This area serves as an attachment point for the iliofemoral ligament, the strongest ligament in the human body. While relaxed when seated, it tightens during standing or walking, securing the femoral head in the hip joint and preventing the torso from tilting backward or sideways.

However, Williams expressed doubts about whether this study would fully end the conversation about how Sahelanthropus moved.

“We are confident Sahelanthropus was an early bipedal hominin, but we must recognize that the debate is ongoing,” Williams noted.

In response to a recent paper, Guy and Daver issued a joint statement asserting that humans likely began walking on two legs by 2022: “This reaffirms our earlier interpretations about Sahelanthropus adaptations and locomotion, suggesting habitual bipedalism despite its ape-like morphology.”

They acknowledged that only new fossil discoveries could unequivocally conclude the matter.

John Hawkes, a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, also endorsed the new findings, noting their implications for understanding the complex origins of the hominin lineage.

“It may be deceptive to perceive Sahelanthropus as part of a gradual evolution towards an upright posture. It reveals crucial insights into these transformative changes,” Hawkes commented.

However, Zanoli contended, stating, “Most of the evidence aligns Sahelanthropus with traits seen in African great apes, suggesting its behavior was likely a mix between chimpanzees and gorillas, distinct from the habitual bipedalism of Australopithecus and Homo.

Explore the Origins of Humanity in South-West England

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Record-Breaking Chip Defies Moore’s Law by Expanding Vertically

Stacking semiconductor transistors could aid in overcoming Moore’s law

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As semiconductor manufacturers make their products smaller, they encounter limitations on the computing power that can be integrated into a single chip. A groundbreaking chip may offer a solution to this dilemma and advance the creation of sustainable electronics.

Since the 1960s, enhancing electronic capabilities has revolved around miniaturizing their fundamental components, transistors, and packing them more densely onto chips. This trend was encapsulated by Moore’s Law, which posited that the number of components on a microchip doubles every year. However, this phenomenon began to falter around 2010. Li Xiaohan and colleagues at Saudi Arabia’s King Abdullah University of Science and Technology have suggested that the answer to this challenge might be to build upwards instead of inwards.

They engineered a chip featuring 41 vertical layers of two distinct semiconductor types, separated by insulating material. This stack of transistors is approximately ten times taller than any previously created. To evaluate its efficiency, the team produced 600 duplicates, all demonstrating consistent performance. Some of these stacked chips were utilized to execute various fundamental operations required by computers or sensing devices, showing performance levels comparable to traditional non-stacked counterparts.

Li mentions that producing these stacks necessitates a manufacturing method that requires less energy compared to standard chip production. Team members, including Thomas Anthopoulos from the University of Manchester in the UK indicates that while the new chip may not lead to advanced supercomputers, its application in everyday devices like smart home gadgets and wearable health monitors could significantly lower the carbon footprint of the electronics industry while enhancing functionality with each additional layer.

How high will the stack rise? “The possibilities are endless; we can keep pushing the limits. It’s just a journey of determination,” Anthopoulos states.

However, he notes that engineering hurdles persist regarding the temperature tolerance of the chip before it fails. Muhammad Alam from Purdue University in Indiana comments that it’s analogous to trying to keep cool by layering on multiple hoodies; each additional layer raises the heat. Alam asserts that the chip’s current thermal threshold of 50 degrees Celsius would need to rise by over 30 degrees Celsius to become practical for real-world application. Nonetheless, he believes that for electronics to progress in the near future, pursuing vertical growth is the only viable strategy.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Interstellar Comet 3i/Atlas Exhibits Expanding Tail and Broad Coma

Astronomers utilized a Gemini Multi-Object Spectrometer (GMO) at the Gemini South Telescope, part of the NSF’s International Gemini Observatory in the Chilean Andes, to capture new multi-color images of the interstellar comet 3i/Atlas.



This image of 3i/Atlas was captured by the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMO) on August 27, 2025 at the Gemini South Telescope. Image credit: International Gemini Observatory / NSF / AURA / Shadow The Scientist / J. Miller Array / M. M. Rodriguez, nsf/crask of rects Anchorage & Noirlab/M. Zamani, NSF’s Noirlab.

3i/Atlas was identified on July 1, 2025, by a NASA-supported Atlas (Asteroid Ground Shock Last Alert System) Survey Telescope in Riojartad, Chile.

The comet is anticipated to approach the Sun at a distance of 1.4 AU (210 million km, or 130 million miles) around October 30, 2025.

The latest images from Gemini/GMOS reveal a broad coma and tail extending roughly 1/120th of a degree across the sky, away from the Sun.

These features appear significantly more pronounced compared to earlier images of the comet, indicating that 3i/Atlas is becoming increasingly active as it traverses the inner solar system.

Recent observations also imply that the dust and ice from the comet closely resemble those of solar comets, suggesting a commonality in the processes that govern the formation of planetary systems around other stars.

“As 3i/Atlas journeys back into the depths of interstellar space, these images serve as both scientific milestones and enigmatic clues,” states Dr. Karen Meech, an astronomer from the Institute of Astronomy at the University of Hawaii.

“They remind us that our solar system is merely a fragment of a vast, dynamic galaxy, where even transient visitors can leave a lasting impact.”

Alongside capturing a stunning image, the primary scientific aim of the observation session was to obtain the comet’s spectrum, which corresponds to the wavelengths of the emitted light.

The resulting spectra provide critical insights into the composition and chemistry of the comet, enabling scientists to understand its changes as it navigates through the solar system.

“The main goal was to observe the color of the comet to glean information about the composition and size of the coma dust particles, as well as to obtain the spectrum for direct chemical analysis,” noted Dr. Mace.

“We were thrilled to witness the growth of the comet’s tail and to see our first hints of chemistry from the spectrum, indicating particle changes since earlier Gemini observations.”

“These observations yield both awe-inspiring visuals and invaluable scientific data,” asserts Dr. Bryce Bolin, a researcher at Eureka Scientific.

“Each interstellar comet acts as a messenger from another stellar system, and by examining its light and color, we can begin to appreciate the diversity of worlds beyond our own.”

Source: www.sci.news

The US Military’s Expanding Carbon Footprint: A Concern That Urges Action—Here’s How They Plan to Reduce It.

A new study has unveiled the significant carbon footprint of the US military, indicating that even modest budget cuts can lead to substantial reductions in emissions.

Published in the journal PLOS Climate, the study reveals a strong correlation between spending by the US Department of Defense (DOD) and energy consumption, along with greenhouse gas emissions. The authors assert that lowering military expenditures could result in considerable environmental benefits.

The US military stands as the largest emitter of greenhouse gases globally, with an estimated output of 636 million tonnes of CO2 equivalents (a standard measure for greenhouse gas emissions) recorded between 2010 and 2019.

In fact, if the military were classified as a country, its emissions would surpass those of nations like Sweden and Portugal.

Moreover, this data only considers scope 1 and 2 emissions, which are the direct emissions from fuel combustion and purchased electricity. Indirect emissions (scope 3) from factors such as employee travel, waste disposal, and supply chains are not included, indicating that the military’s actual carbon footprint is even larger.

Utilizing public data from 1975 to 2022, Professor Ryan Tomb of Penn State University has examined the relationship between military spending, energy consumption, and consequently greenhouse gas emissions.

As expected, increased military spending leads to higher energy usage, while budget cuts result in decreased consumption. Interestingly, the study found that the reduction in spending had a more pronounced effect on energy consumption than increases did.

“Our findings show that spending reductions correlate with lower energy use, particularly from military facilities, vehicles, equipment, and jet fuel,” Thombs stated in an interview with BBC Science Focus.

“Although further research is required to explore specific mechanisms, these results imply that cutting spending may compel the military to diminish the scale, distance, and frequency of operations more than increased spending would push for expansion,” he added.

More than half of the fuel consumed by the national army is allocated to flying fighter jets. – Christopher Campbell, senior airline in the Air Force

Another potential reason for this trend could be that budget cuts may disproportionately limit aviation activities.

Globally, military jets rank among the most energy-intensive machines. In the US military, jet fuel has accounted for 55% of total energy usage over the last fifty years.

“Given the substantial share of energy consumption, prioritizing a reduction in aviation activities is critical,” Thombs commented. “Aviation is highly energy-intensive, and serious efforts to lessen military emissions should target this area.”

It is widely acknowledged that controlling aviation emissions is challenging. Both military and commercial aviation are often described as “hard-to-abate” sectors that cannot yet transition away from fossil fuels at the scale and energy density currently required.

This suggests that curtailing aviation operations is essential for achieving emissions reductions, according to Thombs.

The research team also outlined projections for various future budget scenarios. They discovered that if military spending were to decrease by 6.59% annually from 2023 to 2032, the DOD could save energy equivalent to the entire energy usage of Slovenia or Delaware. This represents a feasible reduction rate observed over the last 50 years, making it a plausible target.

While the scientific rationale is evident, the political landscape tells a different story. Governments worldwide are increasingly escalating their defense budgets amid a climate fraught with conflict and instability.

On June 26th, President Trump’s administration proposed a $1.01 trillion National Defense Budget for the upcoming fiscal year, marking a 13.4% increase from the previous year.

Despite this trend, Thombs remains hopeful. He believes that with the right framing, it is possible to achieve spending reductions. He pointed to previous proposals by Senators Edward Markey and Bernie Sanders to cut military spending by 10%, redirecting those funds toward jobs, healthcare, and education.

“Framing these reductions in such a manner could be an effective strategy, as reinvesting these resources could significantly enhance people’s lives,” Thombs remarked. “Ultimately, the most effective way to mitigate the social and environmental costs associated with the military is to scale it back.”

Researchers are currently planning to explore why spending cuts yield such exceptional energy savings and whether this trend holds for other major military forces.

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About our experts

Ryan Tomb serves as an assistant professor of rural sociology in the Faculty of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and Education at Penn State University in the United States. His published research appears in American Sociological Review, Sociological Methodology, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, and Society, along with interdisciplinary journals such as Changes in the Global Environment, Energy Research and Social Sciences, Climate Change, and Environmental Survey Letters.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Chinese Manufacturers in TikTok Expanding in Trade War

Chinese manufacturers are targeting American shoppers by showcasing luxury items directly from factories on platforms like Tiktok and other social media apps, amid looming air tariffs on China’s exports. The appeal seems to be effective, drawing interest from American consumers.

These manufacturers are promoting products like leggings and handbags from well-known brands at a fraction of the price. They often claim that these items are made in the same factories that produce goods for renowned brands like Lululemon, Hermes, and Birkenstock, although this assertion is typically inaccurate.

American influencers are leveraging videos to endorse these factories and encourage downloads of Chinese shopping apps like Dhgate and Taobao as a way for consumers to save money amidst the import duties imposed by President Trump. This strategy has boosted the popularity of apps like Dhgate, which was among the top 10 most downloaded apps on Apple and Google stores recently.

The videos have gained significant traction on Tiktok and Instagram, garnering millions of views and generating positive sentiments towards China among American viewers, with comments like “Trump picked the wrong fight” and “China is winning this battle.”

Chinese factory owners and workers are utilizing social media platforms, despite being technically banned in China, to directly engage with American consumers. The surge in popularity in the US reflects growing support for China on social media, particularly amidst protests against the Tiktok ban.

These videos act as a unique way for Chinese factories to communicate with American consumers and convey their dependence on Chinese products, especially in the context of tariffs and trade relations between the two countries.

Although questions about the authenticity of the products persist, the demand for direct purchases from Chinese factories remains strong amid the political and economic landscape.

Recent trends show a significant surge in users exploring options to source products directly from Chinese factories, as seen in the spike of related hashtags and posts on platforms like Tiktok and Instagram.

Source: www.nytimes.com

Gaming music takes center stage on the festival circuit, expanding its reach

dDid you know that soundtrack concerts are the most popular orchestra tours? A third of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra’s first-time audiences have come to the concert hall through their favorite series, films, and video games. It is a huge cultural growth field and may not be recognized by the public.

“Now it’s impossible to ignore video game music,” says Tommy Pearson, founder and artistic director of London’s first soundtrack festival. “The creativity and artistry of the game are incredible and it’s fascinating to see many composers blossom in the genre.”

As one of the lead architects behind the festival, Pearson was keen to create space for video games as part of the celebration, not just as an “add-on” to television and film soundtracks, but also as an equality in art forms. “When we first thought about what we would do at a festival, including that music in the game isn’t easy, it must be there absolutely, along with film and television music. It has an audience of very dedicated fans, and the music is as good as what is written in any genre.”

Tommy Pearson, artistic director of the London Soundtrack Festival. Photo: London Soundtrack Festival

The festival from March 19th to 26th will consist of live performances, panel discussions, screenings, Q&AS and masterclasses. One of the important events The cutting edgea composer who won a Grammy and Iver Novello Award for his work in Video Game Music by the Royal Philharmonic Concert Orchestra, Masterclasses of Stephen Burton and Gordie Herbs, and a work in Star Wars Jedi: Survivor.

Why is 2025 the best time for the first soundtrack festival in London? “We watch millions of streams of game soundtracks every day,” Burton says. “Instagram and Tiktok have a huge amount of social media content, not to mention the world of Twitch where streamer playlists are a big part of their identity. The record industry is keeping up with this.”

“You can see streaming numbers climbing in real time, but you can feel it anywhere, beyond the data,” adds Haab. “Game music is not limited to consoles anymore. It is woven into everyday life. For example, my nie and ne have purely rotated gaming soundtracks for pure fun. At game events, I know notes on these themes. I stand on my own as film music, as legitimate art forms.

“Fans know these themes. Photo: Kojima Production

Composers Rudig Forsell (Stronging of Death), Harry Gregson Williams (Metal Gear Solid), Stephanie Economy (Assassin’s Creed Valhalla: Dawn of Ragnarok), and Borislavslavov (Gate 3 of Bardur) are all part of a panel discussing game music before participating in the evening performance.


“It’ll be hard to find someone who can’t sing a song from Super Mario Bros., Final Fantasy, Hello, or The Legend of Zelda,” says Econow. “Video game music is common because video games are common. The industry itself is more profitable than the combined film, television, and music industries, so when people think that popularity is suddenly rising, all I can think of is getting more recognition and celebrations in the sphere that has finally been released.

“The London Soundtrack Festival is a great opportunity to celebrate the differences and diversity of media music,” adds Forssell. “Video games may still be Brock’s new kids, but in a way they will definitely stay here. And as composers, we hope that we will always have a unique approach to music in general, including movies, TV, video games, pop, rock, music.”

Pearson and the team of composers he framed are watching the event as a celebration of the state of video game music. “These are all amazing, highly respected composers who have produced amazing, exciting scores that have been extremely successful in the games and concert halls,” says Pearson.

Can non-game audiences accept video game music as much as television or movies?

“It’s always going to be a bit silly when it comes to media music,” Pearson says. “But it isn’t as close as it used to be.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Creativity at its best: African content creators on YouTube and TikTok explore new avenues for monetization

VLogs by Nigerian content creators Tayo Aina feature anything from Nigeria Japan (immigration) wave and voodoo festival. Performing with Afrobeats stars in Benin david or last hunter-gatherer tribe. In Tanzania, you can get millions of views on YouTube.

Aina, 31, who started the channel in 2017 while working as an Uber driver, says it has allowed her to see parts of Nigeria that she had never had the chance to visit before. Using his iPhone, he began a mini-travel adventure, taking breaks to record the places he visited and tell stories not covered in mainstream media.


“I want to inspire the next generation of Africans to have no limits,” says Nigerian content creator Tayo Aina. Photo: Handout

Aina learned how to film and edit through YouTube tutorials, saved up to buy better equipment, and soon began traveling beyond Nigeria to countries like Kenya, Ethiopia, and Namibia, learning about the continent’s culture and social life. He created a travel video that introduces Africa through the lens of photography. African traveler.

“Most of the online media was negative, and I realized that I was trying to change the narrative about Africa by presenting it more clearly. It’s light,” says Aina, who now travels around the world.

Africa’s Creator Industry 2024 Report Research by publisher Communiqué and media technology company TM Global values ​​the sector at £2.4bn and predicts it will grow five times by 2030, reflecting trends in the global creator economy. Its growth is being driven by a wave of creators between the ages of 18 and 34, a surge in internet connectivity and social media usage across the continent, and the explosion of African culture on the world stage.

Growing interest in African culture – from Afrobeats and Amapiano Music and dance to an international fashion collection made from African textiles such as Ankara and Kikyoy. African movies – This is part of an international aspiration for authentic cultural storytelling outside the Arctic Circle, reflected in global cultural movements such as Hallyu, says David Adeleke, Founder of Communiqué.

This year, TikTok recognized More than a dozen African creators including Nigerian lifestyle creators @__iremide, a person who makes videos that satirize everyday life, and a South African Sachiko-sama. The 22-year-old is known for cosplaying characters from anime, video games, and pop culture. Nick Clegg, Meta’s president of international affairs, recently said: held a meeting Other social media platforms such as YouTube and TikTok are increasing their presence and Heva I’m getting involved.

The report says the industry is gaining momentum but is still young. Most content creators are in their third year of work, have fewer than 10,000 followers, and are faced with the challenge of turning social capital into income. The report adds that discussions about the monetization and standardization of the creator business ecosystem continue to take place primarily in Western countries.

But that is gradually changing.

As Aina’s channel grew and attracted a more international audience, he discovered what he was capable of. more and more It cost him money when his content was viewed by Western audiences rather than Africa. YouTube’s advertising model relies on ad spend, which is lower in many African markets than in North America and Europe.

“Part of the reason is economic. Generally speaking, Western creators and audiences have more resources, but that alone is not enough to justify the disparity in opportunity. ” says Adeleke.

As Aina began diversifying her content and audience to generate more income, there were other issues to worry about. He shares a video about the barriers and prejudice he faced during his travels, including being detained in Ethiopia on suspicion of drug possession, being arrested in South Africa on suspicion of being a “fraudster” and being refused entry to Dubai. I’ve posted it on my blog. The 2022 incident in Dubai was the “last straw” for Aina. Aina invested her savings in St. Kitts and Nevis and eventually secured a passport from St. Kitts and Nevis, becoming a citizen of the Caribbean nation.

He currently runs the Creator Academy on YouTube, where he has trained nearly 2,000 mostly African creators. “I want the next generation of Africans to grow their brands globally without limitations,” he says.

Chiamaka “Amaka” Amaku A 30-year-old Nigerian travel and lifestyle innovator who works as a social media manager and creates content as a personal project, believes digital infrastructure issues, including the challenges of sending and receiving international money, are a challenge for Nigerian creators. It says it can limit growth. Some global payment platforms have imposed restrictions on certain countries, including Nigeria, due to concerns about fraud and money laundering.

“Payment is one of the biggest challenges in Nigeria’s creator economy,” Amaku said, adding that payment barriers deter global brands from working with Nigerian creators.

In recent years, fintech companies such as flutter wave and salary stack While supporting international payments has reduced the barriers creators face in accepting digital payments, many restrictions remain, including local bank policies. For travel creators like Amaku, that means it’s harder to book flights or take Uber abroad.

Amaku, who charges between £250 and £500 for posts on his Instagram page, which has around 20,000 followers, says it is difficult to make a living from creating content and there is a “culture of secrecy” around fees in the industry in Nigeria. He says that many people have died because of this. Creators quickly changed.

Sharon Makira A 31-year-old Kenyan luxury travel creator who describes her audience as “Afropolitan champagne nomads” agrees. He said competition for brand sponsorships is fierce because many companies still rely on traditional advertising, so negotiating rates can become a race to the bottom.

With around 20,000 followers on Instagram and 7,000 followers on YouTube, she gets around five brand deals a year, and is paid around £600 to £1,000 per campaign. When she became a full-time content creator last year, after nearly a decade in media and PR, she realized she couldn’t make a living relying on a few unpredictable brand deals, so companies started creating content. We have opened a PR studio that allows you to tailor your business to suit your needs. Cooperate with viewers, travel agencies and other businesses nomad And luxury lodges in Rwanda Singita Kwitonda.

According to her, building a business around a social media brand can earn you several times more per project than a brand deal. “I think there’s real promise there.” [African] Creators: Leverage your social capital, network, credibility, and personal brand to launch your business,” she says.


Source: www.theguardian.com

Researchers find that fluctuations in the kinetic energy of the expanding universe are often mistaken for dark energy

Dark energy, the unknown energy source accelerating the expansion of the universe, doesn't actually exist, according to a new study.

This artist's impression shows the evolution of the universe, starting with the Big Bang on the left and continuing with the emergence of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The formation of the first stars ends the Dark Ages of the universe, followed by the formation of galaxies. Image credit: M. Weiss / Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

Dark energy is generally thought to be a weak antigravity that acts independently of matter and accounts for about two-thirds of the mass-energy density of the universe.

The lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model, which has served as the standard cosmological model for a quarter of a century, requires dark energy to explain the observed acceleration in the expansion rate of the universe.

Astrophysicists base this conclusion on measurements of distances to supernova explosions in distant galaxies, which appear to be farther away than they should be if the expansion of the universe is not accelerating.

However, the current expansion rate of the universe is increasingly being questioned by new observations.

First, evidence from the Big Bang's afterglow (cosmic microwave background radiation) shows that the expansion of the early Universe is inconsistent with the current expansion, an anomaly known as the Hubble tension.

Furthermore, in an analysis of new high-precision data from the Dark Energy Spectrometer (DESI), the scientists showed that the ΛCDM model does not fit a model in which dark energy does not remain constant but evolves over time. I discovered it.

Both the Hubble tension and the surprises revealed by DESI are difficult to resolve with models that use the simplistic expansion law of the universe from 100 years ago, or the Friedman equation.

This assumes that the universe expands uniformly on average. It's as if you could put all the cosmic structures in a blender and make a nondescript soup without complex structures.

But the current universe actually contains a complex cosmic web of galaxy clusters of sheets and filaments that surround and thread a vast void.

“Our findings show that dark energy is not needed to explain why the universe appears to be expanding at an accelerating rate,” said Professor David Wiltshire.

“Dark energy is a misidentification of fluctuations in the kinetic energy of expansion, which is not uniform in the blocky universe we actually live in.”

“This study provides compelling evidence that may answer some of the key questions about the quirks of our expanding universe.”

“With new data, the universe's greatest mysteries could be solved by the end of the decade.”

New evidence supports the timescape model of the expansion of the universe, which says dark energy is not needed because the difference in the stretch of light is not a result of the universe's acceleration, but of how it adjusts time and distance. .

An ideal clock in empty space would tick faster than in a galaxy, since gravity slows time down.

This model suggests that the Milky Way's clock is about 35% slower than the same clock at its average location in the large cosmic void. That means billions more years have passed in the void.

This allows for further expansion of the universe, and as such a vast void grows to dominate the universe, it appears to be expanding faster and faster.

“We now have so much data that only in the 21st century can we begin to answer the question of how and why a simple mean expansion law emerges from complexity. ” said Professor Wiltshire.

“A simple law of expansion consistent with Einstein's theory of general relativity does not need to obey Friedman's equation.”

“ESA's Euclid satellite, launched in July 2023, has the ability to test and differentiate the Friedman equation from timescape alternatives.”

“However, this will require at least 1,000 independent high-quality supernova observations.”

of study Published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters.

_____

antonia seifert others. 2025. Supernovae are evidence of fundamental changes in cosmological models. MNRASL 537 (1): L55-L60;doi: 10.1093/mnrasl/slae112

Source: www.sci.news

Elon Musk prioritizes expanding Tesla’s market share over pursuing AI ambitions.

Tesla CEO Elon Musk stated that in order to help Tesla become a leader in artificial intelligence and robotics, he would require at least 25% of voting power, which is almost double his current holdings. He mentioned facing resistance in achieving this goal.

On a social media platform, Musk mentioned that it is not impossible to achieve this goal. Tesla aims to have its products manufactured outside of electric car manufacturers.

Musk has been promoting Tesla’s partially automated “fully self-driving” software and prototype humanoid robots. However, the majority of Tesla’s revenue comes from its auto business.

According to Morgan Stanley analyst Adam Jonas, some analysts have highlighted the significance of technology such as Tesla’s Dojo supercomputer, used to train its AI models, in the valuation of the EV maker. He mentioned that “Dojo could add nearly $600 billion to the company’s market value.”

Following Musk’s comments, Tesla shares dipped about 2% in premarket trading on Tuesday.

As the world’s wealthiest individual, Musk currently owns approximately 13% of Tesla shares. He had sold billions of dollars in stock in 2022 to finance his $44 billion acquisition of Twitter.

In another post, Musk mentioned, “A crazy meta multi-class stock structure that gives control to the next 20+ generations of the Zuckerberg family is fine before the IPO, but even a rational dual class is not allowed after the IPO. That’s strange,” referencing Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook’s parent company.

A dual-class structure in a company involves two or more classes of stock with different voting rights, typically giving more voting rights to the founders and early investors than to other shareholders.

Tesla did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

Musk is currently facing a lawsuit over his compensation package. In 2018, Tesla shareholder Richard Tornetta sued Musk and the board, alleging that Musk had used his advantage over Tesla’s board to secure excessive compensation without being required to work full-time at the EV maker. They are aiming to demonstrate that he has earned the package.

With regards to Company X, Musk stated that there was no “dispute” with the board over the new compensation package, and mentioned that the pending verdict was affecting discussions.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Robinhood is expanding its involvement in the world of cryptocurrencies

Wants to attract “all demographics” of digital asset investors

Robin Hood is Having been around for over a decade, its foray into cryptocurrencies is not necessarily new. But the company is still trying to expand its efforts, even among groups that tend to leave the platform.

“I think cryptocurrencies have always been created by and for very technical people,” said Johan Kerblatt, general manager of cryptocurrencies at Robinhood. chain reaction podcast. “At the end of the day, I don’t think customers care too much about what the underlying protocol is when they use cryptocurrencies. What network are they using? They just want things to work. That’s what I’m hoping for.”

While that may be true for novice crypto investors, the app has successfully embraced that group by providing educational resources, but going forward it wants to focus on everyone.do Be aware of the underlying protocol. Robinhood users can do more technical things, such as sending money to crypto wallets, and use “advanced charts and autotypes where you can set things like stop losses,” Curblat said.

While the platform may not be as technologically advanced as crypto-focused platforms, Robinhood does research to understand what its customers want and what they’re missing.

Despite its growth plans, Robinhood appears to be shaky in its stance on digital assets. In June, the app opted to restrict trading and holding of certain cryptocurrencies for U.S. customers at a time when the U.S. government was cracking down on major industry exchanges such as Binance and Coinbase.That being said, the platform still has 14 cryptocurrencies and 1 stablecoinUSDC, which users will be able to buy and sell.

Source: techcrunch.com

Xage Security secures an additional $20 million funding for expanding security platform

The number of cybersecurity-related financing deals reached its highest point in 2022, but that doesn’t mean the sector is underutilized. According to Statista, in the second quarter of 2023 he had 148 deals, worth a total of $1.6 billion.

And, at least anecdotally, deal flow in the third quarter also looks healthy. Case in point, Xage securitya startup that provides software that prevents network intrusions, today announced that it has raised $20 million in a B2 funding round, bringing the company’s total funding to $80 million.

Piva Capital, March Capital, SCF Partners, Overture Climate Fund, Valor Equity Partners, Chevron Technology Ventures, and Science Applications International Corporation participated in Xage’s B2. Sources familiar with the matter told TechCrunch that the pre-money valuation is about 60% higher than Xage’s pre-money as of January 2022, when the company first closed its Series B.

Geoffrey Mattson, who was appointed CEO of Xage in September, said the proceeds will be used to expand research and development and Xage’s go-to-market operations, with a focus on expanding its presence in the Asia-Pacific region.

“Despite mixed technology economics, cybersecurity attacks against critical infrastructure are on the rise, and Xage sees growing tailwinds and headwinds given the threat environment and customer needs. ,” Mattson told TechCrunch in an email interview. “With more companies operating remotely to reduce costs, it is more important than ever to provide Zero Trust security solutions for critical infrastructure and distributed operations, including operational technology, IT, and cloud environments. Yes, it is a priority.”

Xage was founded in 2016 by Susanto Irwan and Roman Arutyunov after noticing an increase in attacks on Internet of Things (IoT) devices, including devices such as surveillance cameras and temperature sensors. (This trend continues, with 41% in his first two months of 2023. Rise Average number of weekly attacks per organization targeting IoT devices compared to 2022. )

With Xage, Irwan and Artyunov can protect IoT devices and operational technology (the hardware and software used to monitor, control, and upgrade industrial systems), whether they are isolated or connected to the cloud. We have started developing a cybersecurity platform that can.

Xage’s core product sits on top of your existing environment, ostensibly without the need for network changes, either on-premises or as part of a software-as-a-service installation. Xage “monitors” device interactions and data movements and changes on a company’s network, discovering policy violations, and enforcing security policies, including invoking multi-factor authentication for system logins from unknown locations. I will do it.

Xage is not alone in the market for platforms that protect IoT and industrial systems. Dragos is probably its biggest competitor, at least on the startup side. But Xage has done well when it comes to customer acquisition, with the U.S. Space Force winning him a $17 million contract and the U.S. Air Force a $743,000 contract.

Xage’s other customers include energy, manufacturing, utilities, and transportation infrastructure operators. Mattsson claims that the startup’s revenue of about 90 employees increased by 420% year-on-year in the first half of 2023, and bookings increased by 560%.

“When the pandemic first broke out, Zarj There was a temporary pause in demand as customers tried to organize their businesses,” Mattson said. “Fortunately, Zarj Companies believe that information and data security is key to business continuity, and they have secured a comfortable runway.

Source: techcrunch.com