Tag Archives: telescope

Twisted Spiral Arms Galaxy Hosting Supernova Discovered by Hubble Space Telescope

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Astronomers used the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope to capture this image of the barred spiral galaxy LEDA 857074.

This Hubble image shows the barred spiral galaxy LEDA 857074. The color image was created from observations in the near-infrared part of the spectrum with Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). Four filters were used to sample different wavelengths. Color is produced by assigning a different hue to each monochromatic image associated with an individual filter. Image courtesy of NASA / ESA / Hubble / RJ Foley.

LEDA857074 It is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Eridanus.

“Hubble has observed a wide range of celestial objects, from galaxies, nebulae and star clusters to planets in our solar system and beyond,” Hubble astronomers said in a statement.

“Observing programs typically aim to collect data that will enable astronomers to answer specific questions.”

“Naturally, this means that most of the planned observations will be directed at objects that astronomers have already studied.”

“Some are well-known, such as the Crab Nebula and the globular cluster Omega Centauri, while others, such as the Spider Galaxy and NGC 4753, are less well known to the public but have been featured in hundreds of scientific papers.”

“This galaxy is not like that: LEDA 857074 has been named in fewer than five papers, one of which is the Lyon-Meudon extragalactic database itself.”

“Apart from its location, virtually no data has been recorded about this object. It has never been studied since it was discovered. So why did it attract the attention of the legendary Hubble telescope?”

In 2022, an automated survey observed a supernova event in LEDA 857074 called SN 2022ADQZ.

“Although astronomers have catalogued millions of galaxies and tens of thousands of supernovae are detected annually today, the probability of discovery in any particular galaxy is low,” the researchers said.

“We don’t know how actively LEDA 857074 is forming stars, and therefore how frequently it will undergo supernova explosions.”

“The spotlight from this supernova made this galaxy an unexpected and lucky target for Hubble!”

“This object joins the ranks of many other well-known celestial objects thanks to its unique imaging by the Hubble Space Telescope.”

Source: www.sci.news

IC 3430 Discovered by Hubble Space Telescope

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Astronomers using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope have obtained stunning new images of the dwarf elliptical galaxy IC 3430.

This Hubble Space Telescope image shows the dwarf galaxy IC 3430, located about 45 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The color image includes both visible and near-infrared observations by the Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). The image is based on data obtained through two filters. The colors are obtained by assigning a different hue to each monochromatic image associated with an individual filter. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / M. Sun.

IC3430 It is located in the constellation Virgo, about 45 million light years from Earth.

This dwarf galaxy discovered It was discovered on February 15, 1900 by German astronomer Arnold Schwassmann.

Also known as LEDA 41294, UGC 7643, and VCC 1273, it is just 25,000 light-years in diameter.

The IC 3430 is Virgo star cluster is rich in galaxies of all sizes, many of which are very similar in type to this dwarf galaxy.

“IC 3430 is a dwarf galaxy, well reflected in this Hubble Space Telescope image, more accurately known as a dwarf elliptical galaxy, or dE galaxy,” Hubble astronomers said in a statement.

“Like its larger cousins, this galaxy has a smooth oval shape with no visible arm or bar features, and it lacks gas to form many new stars.”

“Intriguingly, IC 3430 contains a hot, massive, blue stellar core, a rare phenomenon in elliptical galaxies, indicating recent star formation activity.”

“We believe that shock pressure from a galaxy punching through the gas in the Virgo Cluster ignited remaining gas in IC 3430's core, forming several new stars.”

“Dwarf galaxies are actually galaxies with a small number of stars, typically fewer than a billion, but still often enough to replicate the same shapes as larger galaxies on a smaller scale,” the astronomers said.

“There are dwarf elliptical galaxies like IC 3430, dwarf irregular galaxies, dwarf spheroidal galaxies, and even dwarf spiral galaxies.”

“The so-called Magellanic spiral galaxies are also a type of dwarf galaxy, the best example of which is the well-known dwarf galaxy, the Magellanic Clouds.”

Source: www.sci.news

Physicist working on project to construct a telescope larger than Earth

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We live in the age of black hole photography. In 2019, the first photograph of a black hole was published. Naturally, it was difficult to capture. In fact, it required a telescope almost as large as the Earth. But for researchers like Alex Lupsaski of Vanderbilt University in Tennessee, that wasn't enough. Lupsaski and his colleagues aim to capture a more detailed image, but to achieve that, they will need an even larger telescope.

The 2019 groundbreaking photo was taken by a network of radio observatories dotted around Earth, collectively known as the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). Eight observatories worked together to produce an image as sharp as a single dish larger than anything we could actually build. Lupsaski is part of a team planning the launch of the Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) telescope, which will extend this network 20,000 kilometers from Earth into space, effectively creating a receiver larger than Earth. This, he says, will give researchers the precision they need to measure a mysterious part of a black hole called the photon ring. In this case, the photon ring is produced by the supermassive black hole M87* in a nearby galaxy that appeared in the first photo.

LupsaskaAs deputy project scientist for the BHEX mission, he's a theorist specializing in the physics of extreme environments like the heart of a black hole. He tells us why this is our best hope of beating Albert Einstein's theory of gravity, and why an ambitious space mission is the key to finally unlocking that theory.

Source: www.newscientist.com

Hubble Space Telescope Captures Close-Up of NGC 5238

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Astronomers have released a beautiful photo of the dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 5238 taken by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope.

This Hubble Space Telescope image shows the dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 5238, 14.5 million light-years away in the constellation Canes Venatici. The color image is composed of observations in the near-infrared and visible portions of the spectrum by the Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). Two filters were used to sample different wavelengths. The colors are achieved by assigning a different hue to each monochromatic image associated with an individual filter. Image courtesy of NASA / ESA / Hubble / F. Annibali.

NGC 5238 It is located in the constellation Canes Venatici, about 14.5 million light years from Earth.

Also known as Mrk 1479 or UGC 8565, the galaxy resembles an outsized star cluster rather than a galaxy due to its unremarkable, blob-like appearance.

“NGC 5238 is theorized to have had a close encounter with another galaxy recently, within the last billion years,” Hubble astronomers said in a statement.

“The evidence for this is the tidal distortion of NGC 5238's shape, caused by the two galaxies interacting and tugging on each other.”

“Since there are no nearby galaxies that could have caused this disruption, it is hypothesized that the culprit is a small satellite galaxy that has been swallowed by NGC 5238.”

“By studying the stars of NGC 5238 closely, we may be able to find traces of an earlier galaxy. The Hubble Space Telescope gives astronomers the perfect tool for this purpose.”

“Two telltale signs are groups of stars with properties that seem out of place compared to most other stars in the galaxy, indicating that they originally formed in another galaxy; or stars that appear to have formed suddenly, almost simultaneously, occurring during the merger of galaxies.”

“Despite their small size and inconspicuous appearance, dwarf galaxies like NGC 5238 are not uncommon in advancing our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution,” the astronomers said.

“One of the leading theories about the evolution of galaxies is that they formed hierarchically, 'bottom-up'. Star clusters and small galaxies first formed from gas and dark matter, which then gradually gathered together through gravity into clusters and superclusters, explaining the shape of the largest structures in the Universe today.”

“The merger of a dwarf irregular galaxy like NGC 5238 with an even smaller companion galaxy is exactly the type of event that could have initiated the process of galaxy formation in the early universe.”

“This means that this tiny galaxy could help test some of the most fundamental predictions in astrophysics.”

Source: www.sci.news

New Hubble Space Telescope Images Reveal Classic Spiral Structure in NGC 3810

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Astronomers have used the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope to create a stunningly detailed image of NGC 3810, a spiral galaxy hosting a supernova.

This Hubble Space Telescope image shows NGC 3810, a spiral galaxy about 50 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. The color image is composed of infrared, visible, and ultraviolet observations from both the Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) instruments. Nine filters were used to sample different wavelengths. Color is achieved by assigning a different hue to each monochromatic image associated with an individual filter. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / D. Sand / RJ Foley.

NGC 3810 It is located in the constellation Leo, about 50 million light years from Earth.

Also known as IRAS 11383+1144, LEDA 36243 and UGC 6644, the galaxy has a diameter of 60,000 light years.

NGC 3810 discovered It was discovered on March 15, 1784 by German-born British astronomer William Herschel.

The galaxy belongs to a small group of galaxies called the NGC 3810 group.

The bright central region of NGC 3810 thought Many new stars are forming and outshining the outer regions of the galaxy by a significant amount.

Even more distant galaxies show surprisingly abundant dust clouds along their spiral arms.

Far from the center, hot, young blue stars appear in huge clusters, with bright red giants scattered throughout the arms.

In 2022, a Type Ia supernova event called SN 2022zut was observed in NGC 3810.

“In early 2023, the Hubble Space Telescope will focus on this and several other galaxies to take a closer look at recent Type Ia supernovae,” Hubble astronomers said in a statement.

“These types of supernovae are produced by the explosion of a white dwarf star, and all of them maintain a very stable brightness.”

“This allows us to measure distances. We know how bright a Type Ia supernova is, so we can tell from how faint it appears how far away it is.”

“One uncertainty with this method is that intergalactic dust between Earth and the supernova will block some of the light.”

“How do we know how much of the light reduction is due to distance and how much is due to dust?”

“With the help of Hubble, we have a clever workaround: we can image the same Type Ia supernova in ultraviolet light, which is almost completely blocked by the dust, and in infrared light, which passes through the dust almost unaffected.”

“By carefully recording how much light is transmitted at each wavelength, we can calibrate the relationship between the supernova's brightness and distance, and take dust into account.”

“Hubble can observe both of these wavelengths of light in incredible detail with the same instrument.”

“That makes it the perfect tool for this experiment. In fact, some of the data used to create this beautiful image of NGC 3810 was focused on the SN 2022zut supernova, which you can see as a point of light just below the galactic nucleus.”

Source: www.sci.news

Photographs of NGC 5253 by the Hubble Space Telescope

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Astronomers have used the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope to create two stunning images of NGC 5253, a dwarf starburst galaxy and a possible blue compact dwarf galaxy.

This Hubble Space Telescope image shows NGC 5253, a blue compact dwarf galaxy about 11 million light-years away in the constellation Centaurus. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / A. Zezas / D. Calzetti.

NGC 5253 It is located in the constellation Centaurus, about 11 million light years from Earth.

This galaxy, also known as ESO 445-4, IRAS 13370-3123, LEDA 48334, and UGCA 369, is discovered It was discovered on March 15, 1787 by German-born British astronomer William Herschel.

The galaxy is thought to be part of the Centaurus A/Messier 83 galaxy group, which also includes the well-known radio galaxy Centaurus A and the spiral galaxy Messier 83.

The first new images of NGC 5253 Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) wide-field channel, Wide-field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2).

The second image is High Resolution Channels (HRC) of ACS Instruments.

This Hubble image was taken with the High Resolution Channel (HRC) of Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) showing NGC 5253. Image courtesy of NASA / ESA / Hubble / WD Vacca.

“What was it about this galaxy that fascinated us so much that we studied it intensively for more than a decade using three of the Hubble Space Telescope’s instruments?” the Hubble astronomers said.

“It turns out that Hubble’s capabilities are the focus of several research areas that are essential.”

“Dwarf galaxies are thought to be important for understanding the evolution of stars and galaxies over time because they resemble ancient, distant galaxies.”

“NGC 5253 has been called both a starburst galaxy and a blue compact dwarf. These names refer to the fact that this galaxy is forming a population of bright, massive stars at an exceptional rate.”

“This Hubble Space Telescope image clearly shows the dense nebula that is being consumed to give birth to these stars, making NGC 5253 a laboratory for studying stellar composition, star formation and star clusters all at once.”

“Very high star formation rates are essential for the formation of star clusters, but NGC 5253 goes beyond that. Star formation is so active in a small region of the central core that the galaxy contains more than three superclusters.”

“Superclusters are extremely luminous, dense and massive open clusters that are thought to evolve into globular clusters,” the researchers said.

“Globular clusters themselves provide unique insights into how stars form and evolve, but their origins are poorly understood.”

“So we wanted to take advantage of the excellent resolution of HRC’s auxiliary instruments to zero in on these small, very dense clusters.”

Source: www.sci.news

NGC 1546 Spotted by Hubble Space Telescope

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The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has captured its first images since changing to an alternate operating mode that uses just a single gyroscope to help control and orient the telescope.

This Hubble Space Telescope image shows NGC 1546, a spiral galaxy about 52.5 million light-years away in the constellation Doradus. Image courtesy of NASA / ESA / Hubblr / STScI / David Thilker, JHU.

Hubble I input it On May 24, 2024, we will pause science observations and go into safe mode due to ongoing gyroscope issues.

Over the past six months, the gyroscope has frequently returned inaccurate measurements, causing multiple interruptions to science operations.

This allowed Hubble astronomers to transition from a three-gyroscope operating mode to observing with only one gyroscope, allowing for more consistent science observations and preserving the other working gyroscope for future use.

“Hubble’s new images of the spectacular galaxy NGC 1546 prove that the telescope’s new, more stable pointing mode is a complete success,” said Dr. Jennifer Weissman, Hubble’s senior project scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.

“We’re poised for many years of discovery to come, looking at everything from our solar system to exoplanets to distant galaxies.”

“Hubble plays a vital role in NASA’s astronomy toolkit.”

NGC 1546 It is a spiral galaxy 52.5 million light years Beyond the constellation of Dorado.

Also known as ESO 157-12, IRAS 04134-5611, and LEDA 14723, the galaxy is approximately 50,000 light years Across.

It was discovered on December 5, 1834 by British astronomer John Herschel.

“The orientation of the galaxy makes a backlit dust band highly visible some distance above the galaxy’s nucleus,” said Dr Weissman and his colleagues.

“This dust absorbs light from the core, making the core red and the dust appear rusty brown.”

“The core itself glows brightly with a yellowish light, indicating that it is an old population of stars.”

“Bright blue regions of active star formation shine through the dust.”

“You can also see several background galaxies, including an edge-on spiral galaxy just to the left of NGC 1546.”

A color image of NGC 1546 can be found at Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WCF3).

“The WCF3 instrument captured this image as part of a joint observing program between the Hubble Space Telescope and the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope,” the astronomers said.

“The program also uses data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), which allows us to look at how stars form and evolve in great detail and at many wavelengths.”

“This image represents one of the first observations made with Hubble since transitioning to a new pointing mode that will allow for more consistent science observations.”

“We expect the Hubble Space Telescope will conduct most of its science observations in this new mode and continue its groundbreaking observations of the universe.”

Source: www.sci.news

Hubble Space Telescope Discovers a Massive Binary Protostar within the RCW 7 Nebula

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RCW 7 is located in the constellation Puppis, about 5,300 light years from Earth.

This Hubble image shows the nebula RCW 7. Image courtesy of NASA/ESA/Hubble/J. Tan, Chalmers University, University of Virginia.

“Nebulae are regions of space that are rich in the raw materials needed to form new stars,” the Hubble astronomers said.

“Due to the effects of gravity, some of these molecular clouds collapse and merge into protostars surrounded by a rotating disk of remaining gas and dust.”

“In the case of RCW 7, the protostar forming here is particularly massive, emitting intense ionizing radiation and a powerful stellar wind that propelled the star into a “H II region“.

“The H II regions are filled with hydrogen ions. HI refers to regular hydrogen atoms, and H II is hydrogen that has lost an electron.”

“Ultraviolet rays from the massive protostar excite the hydrogen, which then emits light that gives the nebula its soft pink glow.”

In RCW 7, the researchers IRAS 07299-1651.

“IRAS 07299-1651 still resides within a cocoon of glowing gas, in clouds swirling towards the top of the nebula,” the researchers said.

To expose this star and its sibling, the new image was created from separate exposures taken in the near-infrared region of the spectrum. Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3).

“This massive protostar is most bright in ultraviolet light, but it also emits a lot of infrared light that penetrates much of the surrounding gas and dust and can be seen by the Hubble Telescope,” the scientists said.

“Many of the other large visible stars in this image are not part of the nebula, but are located between the nebula and the solar system.”

Assuming a circular orbit, IRAS 07299-1651 is estimated to have a minimum total mass of 18 times that of the Sun and a maximum period of 570 years.

“The formation of the H II region marks the beginning of the end of the molecular cloud,” the authors said.

“Over just a few million years, radiation and winds from the massive stars gradually disperse the gas, and this dispersion continues as the most massive stars end their lives in supernova explosions.”

“Only a small portion of this gas will be absorbed by new stars within the nebula, while the rest will spread throughout the galaxy and eventually form new molecular clouds.”

Team Investigation result Published in a journal Natural Astronomy.

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Y. Chan others2024. Dynamics of a giant binary star at birth. Nat Astron 3, 517-523; doi: 10.1038/s41550-019-0718-y

Source: www.sci.news

NGC 2005 observed by Hubble Space Telescope

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Astronomers using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope NGC 2005A globular cluster located in the constellation Dorado, 162,000 light years from Earth.

This Hubble image shows the globular cluster NGC 2005. The color composite was created from images taken in visible and near-infrared light by Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). It is based on data acquired through three filters. The colors are produced by assigning a different hue to each monochromatic image associated with an individual filter. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / F. Niederhofer / L. Girardi.

Globular clusters are dense systems of very old stars bound by gravity into a single structure about 100-200 light years in diameter.

Star clusters contain hundreds of thousands, or even millions, of stars. A large mass at the center of the cluster pulls the stars inward, forming a sphere of stars. sphericalThese clusters are named after the Latin word ” ,” which means “little sphere.”

Globular clusters are among the oldest known objects in the universe, relics of early galaxy formation.

Of the Milky Way's 150 globular clusters, about 70 are located within 13,000 light-years of the galactic center, where their density tends to peak.

“Studying globular clusters in space is a bit like studying fossils on Earth: just as fossils give us insight into the characteristics of ancient plants and animals, globular clusters reveal the signature of ancient stars,” the Hubble astronomers said.

“Current theories of galactic evolution predict that galaxies will merge with each other.”

“The relatively large galaxies observed in the modern universe are widely thought to have formed by the merger of smaller galaxies.”

“If this is correct, astronomers will see evidence that the oldest stars in nearby galaxies originated in different galactic environments.”

“Globular clusters are known to contain ancient stars, and their stability makes them excellent laboratories to test this hypothesis.”

“NGC 2005 is just such a globular cluster, and its very existence provides evidence in support of the theory of galactic evolution by mergers.”

NGC 2005 is located about 750 light-years from the center of the Large Magellanic Cloud, the Milky Way's largest satellite galaxy.

Also known as ESO 56-138, this globular cluster is discovered It was discovered on September 24, 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop.

“The stars in NGC 2005 have a different chemical composition than the stars in the surrounding Large Magellanic Cloud,” the researchers said.

“This suggests that the Large Magellanic Cloud merged with another galaxy at some point in its history.”

“While other galaxies have long ago merged or dispersed, NGC 2005 remains as an ancient witness to a long-ago merger.”

Source: www.sci.news

Equipment failure forces NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope to scale back observations

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Hubble encountered additional difficulties.

The space telescope entered hibernation over a week ago due to the failure of one of its three remaining gyroscopes, which are part of its pointing system. This same gyro had been malfunctioning for months, affecting its scientific capabilities.

NASA confirmed on Tuesday that efforts to repair the gyro had been unsuccessful, leaving the spacecraft operating with just one gyroscope, limiting its scientific functions.

As a result, Hubble will be inactive until mid-June. The telescope will have reduced agility and slower target acquisition. Despite these limitations, officials believe that Hubble will still be able to make significant discoveries in the coming decade.

“We are optimistic about Hubble’s future,” said Patrick Close, NASA’s project manager.

Mark Crump, NASA’s astrophysics director, stated that there are currently no plans to launch a mission to extend Hubble’s life by raising it to a higher orbit.

A billionaire who has booked SpaceX flights for himself has offered to sponsor and perform the necessary repairs. However, Crumpen expressed concerns about the risks involved and the need for further analysis.

The Hubble Telescope was launched into orbit in 1990, initially facing challenges due to a misaligned mirror. After a successful repair mission, Hubble resumed its observations of the cosmos in remarkable detail.

During a visit in 2009, astronauts installed six new gyroscopes on Hubble. Unfortunately, three of them have stopped functioning. These gyroscopes are crucial for maintaining the telescope’s stability and orientation.

Currently, only two gyroscopes are operational, one for pointing and the other as a backup.

The Webb Space Telescope, a more advanced successor to Hubble, is set to launch in 2021.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Volcanic Activity on Jupiter’s Moon Io Discovered by Large Binocular Telescope

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how to use SHARK-VIS device Using the Large Binocular Telescope on Mount Graham in Arizona, US, astronomers have captured the highest-resolution optical images of Io ever taken by a ground-based telescope. The new images allow the astronomers to confirm that large-scale surface changes are occurring around Pele, one of Io's most well-known volcanoes.

Taken with the SHARK-VIS camera on the Large Binocular Telescope on January 10, 2024, this image is the highest resolution image of Io ever taken by an Earth-based telescope. The image combines three spectral bands: infrared, red, and green to highlight the reddish ring around Pele volcano (below and to the right of the Moon's center) and the white ring around Piran Patera to the right of Pele. Image credit: INAF / Large Binocular Telescope Observatory / Georgia State University / SHARK-VIS@LBT / PIF Pedichini / D. Hope / S. Jefferies / G. Li Causi.

Io is slightly larger than Earth's Moon and is the most volcanically active body in the solar system.

It is the innermost of Jupiter's Galilean moons, which besides Io include Europa, Ganymede and Callisto.

Io is caught in a gravitational tug-of-war between Jupiter, Europa, and Ganymede, and is constantly compressed, causing frictional heat to build up inside it, which is thought to be the cause of sustained and widespread volcanic activity.

By monitoring Io's surface eruptions, planetary scientists hope to gain insight into the thermal movement of material beneath the moon's surface, its internal structure, and ultimately the mechanisms of tidal heating that drive Io's intense volcanic activity.

Io's volcanic activity was first discovered in 1979, when Linda Morabito, an engineer for NASA's Voyager missions, spotted plumes of smoke in one of the images the spacecraft took during its famous Grand Tour of the outer planets.

Since then, countless observations have been made, both from space and from telescopes on Earth, documenting Io's restless nature.

“Io offers a unique opportunity to learn about the powerful eruptions that contributed to shaping the surfaces of the Earth and Moon long ago,” said Dr Al Conrad, an astronomer at the Large Binocular Telescope Observatory.

The new images, taken with the large binocular telescope SHARK-VIS, are so detailed that they enabled the team to identify a major resurfacing event in which the plume deposits around a prominent volcano known as Pele, located near the equator in Io's southern hemisphere, have been covered by eruption deposits from a neighboring volcano, Piran Patera.

A similar series of eruptions was observed by NASA's Galileo spacecraft, which explored the Jovian system from 1995 to 2003.

“We interpret this change as dark lava deposits and white sulfur dioxide deposits from the Piran Patera eruption partially covering Pele's red sulfur-rich plume deposits,” said Dr. Ashley Davis, principal scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

“Before SHARK-VIS, it was impossible to observe these resurfacing events from Earth.”

“The visible light images are absolutely stunning,” said Imke de Patter, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley.

“Pele appears to be erupting continuously, spewing plumes of volcanic gases about 300 kilometers above Io's surface, high enough to have been photographed by Voyager, Galileo and Hubble.”

“Gases in the plume erupting from the lava lake freeze and are deposited on the surface as a conspicuous, wide, reddish, sulfur-rich ring.”

“Piran Patera, on the other hand, appears to erupt intermittently, leaving lava surrounded by a white ring of frozen sulfur dioxide.”

“The new images show that the white sediments obscure Pele's reddish sediments, but perhaps only for a short time.”

“Images of Io taken by NASA's Juno spacecraft in April 2024 will show a nearly perfect orange ring, with perhaps a faint hint of red where the Piran deposits were located.”

“It's like a race between Piram and Pele to see how much and how fast each can deposit.”

“Once Piran stops completely, it will be covered again with Pele's red deposits.”

of Investigation result It will be displayed in journal Geophysical Research Letters.

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Al Conrad othersIn 2024, LBT SHARK-VIS observes a large-scale re-emergence event on Io. arXiv: 2405.19604

Source: www.sci.news

Hubble Space Telescope Shines Light on Stunning Spiral Galaxy NGC 4731

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The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope captured this stunning image of a barred spiral galaxy called NGC 4731.

This Hubble Space Telescope image shows NGC 4731, a barred spiral galaxy about 43 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. Image courtesy of NASA / ESA / Hubble / D. Thilker.

NGC 4731 It is located in the constellation Virgo, about 43 million light years from Earth.

Also known as IRAS 12484-0607, LEDA 43507, and UGCA 302, it is classified as a barred spiral galaxy.

“Barred spiral galaxies outnumber regular spiral and elliptical galaxies combined, making up about 60 percent of all galaxies,” the Hubble astronomers said.

“The bar-like structure we see is the result of the orbits of stars and gas in our galaxy aligning, forming dense regions where individual stars move in and out over time.”

“This is the same process that maintains the spiral arms of our galaxy, but in the case of barred galaxies it's a bit more mysterious. As spiral galaxies mature they seem to form a bar at their centre, which explains the large number of bar structures we see today. But later on the bar can also be lost if the accumulated mass along it becomes unstable.”

“The orbital patterns and gravitational interactions of galaxies support the bar-like structure of the galaxy, transporting matter and energy and promoting star formation.”

“Indeed, the observing program studying NGC 4731 seeks to investigate this flow of matter within the galaxy,” they added.

beginning discovered Discovered on April 25, 1784 by German-born British astronomer William Herschel, NGC 4731 has a diameter of about 80,000 light years.

With LEDA 43526 Galaxy, Forms Holm 472, a pair of interacting galaxies.

NGC 4731 is also a member of the NGC 4697 galaxy group. Located Near the Virgo Supercluster.

“Beyond the bar, NGC 4731's spiral arms extend far beyond the scope of this close-up Hubble image,” the astronomers said.

“The galaxy's elongated arms are thought to be the result of gravitational interactions with other nearby galaxies in the Virgo Cluster.”

The color image of NGC 4731 includes ultraviolet, near-infrared, and optical observations. Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3).

Six filters were used to sample different wavelengths, and color was generated by assigning a different hue to each monochromatic image associated with an individual filter.

“The richness of color reveals the galaxy's swirling gas clouds, dark dust bands, bright pink star-forming regions, and most notably, its long, luminous arms stretching out behind it,” the researchers said.

Source: www.sci.news

Hubble Space Telescope finds three-star system in Taurus

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The Hubble team has released an astonishing image. NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope of the triple star system HP Tau.

About 550 light-years away in the constellation Taurus, three dazzling stars, HP Tau, shine brightly from the cavity of a reflection nebula in a new Hubble image. Image credit: NASA / ESA / G. Duchene, University of Grenoble I / Gladys Kober, NASA and Catholic University of America.

HP Tau is a triple star system located approximately 550 light-years away in the constellation Taurus.

The system, also known as EPIC 247592463, TIC 118521708, or IRAS 04328+2248, consists of the variable stars HP Tau, HP Tau G2, and HP Tau G3.

HP Tau is one of the stars. T Taurus a type of young variable star that has not yet begun nuclear fusion but is beginning to evolve into a hydrogen-fueled star similar to the Sun.

“T Tauri stars tend to be less than 10 million years old, compared to our Sun, which is about 4.6 billion years old, but they formed when they were shrouded in clouds of dust and gas. “They are often discovered as they are,” Hubble astronomers said.

“Like other variable stars, HP Tau's brightness changes over time.”

“The T Tauri star is known to have periodic and random fluctuations in brightness.”

“Random fluctuations can be caused by chaotic conditions in a developing young star, such as instability in the accretion disk of dust and gas around the star, material from that disk falling into the star and being consumed, and flares on the star's surface. It may be due to the nature of

“The periodic changes may be due to giant sunspots rotating in and out of view.”

“Clouds of gas and dust glow with reflected light as they orbit the star.”

“Reflection nebulae do not themselves emit visible light, but they shine when light from nearby stars reflects off gas and dust, much like fog illuminated by a car's headlights.”

Hubble studied the HP-tau system as part of its study of protoplanetary disks, disks of material around stars that coalesce into planets over millions of years.

Source: www.sci.news

The Hubble Space Telescope zooms in on the heart of NGC 4753

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NGC 4753 is characterized by a bright white core and distinct dust lanes around the core.

This Hubble image shows part of the lenticular galaxy NGC 4753, about 60 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / L. Kelsey.

NGC4753 It is located approximately 60 million light years away in the constellation Virgo.

Also known as LEDA 43671, UGC 8009, or IRAS 12498-0055, this lenticular galaxy was discovered by German-born British astronomer William Herschel on February 22, 1784.

NGC 4753 is a member of galaxy group NGC 4753 in the Virgo II cloud, a collection of at least 100 galaxy clusters and individual galaxies extending from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

“NGC 4753 is thought to be the result of a galaxy merger with a nearby dwarf galaxy about 1.3 billion years ago,” Hubble astronomers said in a statement.

“The unique dust lanes around the galactic cores are thought to be formed by this merging event.”

“Most of the galaxy's mass is now thought to reside within a slightly flattened spherical halo of dark matter.”

“Dark matter is a type of matter that cannot currently be directly observed, but it is thought to make up about 85% of all matter in the universe,” the researchers said.

“It is called 'dark' because it does not appear to interact with electromagnetic fields and therefore does not appear to emit, reflect, or refract light.”

“This object is also of scientific interest for testing various theories about the formation of lenticular galaxies, given its low-density environment and complex structure.”

“Additionally, this galaxy has experienced two known Type Ia supernovae.”

“These types of supernovae are very important because they are caused by the explosion of a white dwarf star with a companion star and always peak at the same brightness, or 5 billion times brighter than the Sun.”

“Knowing the true brightness of these events and comparing it to their apparent brightness gives astronomers a unique opportunity to measure distances in the universe.”

This new image of NGC 4753 consists of observations from Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) found in the ultraviolet and optical parts of the spectrum.

Two filters were used to sample different wavelengths. Color is obtained by assigning different hues to each monochromatic image associated with an individual filter.

Source: www.sci.news

‘Hubble Space Telescope Discovers Intricate Galaxy in Virgo Galaxy Cluster’

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The Hubble team has released a beautiful new image of the dwarf galaxy IC 776 in the constellation Virgo.

This Hubble image shows IC 776, a dwarf galaxy about 100 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / M. Sun.

IC776 It is located in the constellation Virgo, about 100 million light years away from Earth.

This galaxy, also known as ALFALFA 3-210, LEDA 39613, and UGC 7352, discovered It was announced by French astronomer Stéphane Javert on May 4, 1893.

IC 776 is Virgo Clusterthe nearest and best-studied large galaxy cluster.

It is a dwarf galaxy and is also classified as a dwarf galaxy. SAB type One study calls this the “complex case” in morphology.

“This extremely detailed observation from Hubble illustrates its complexity,” Hubble astronomers said in a statement.

“IC 776 has a ragged and disorganized disk, but it still appears to spiral around a central core, creating an arc of star-forming regions.”

The color image of IC 776 was created from separate exposures taken in the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum. Hubble's advanced survey camera (ACS).

Two filters were used to sample different wavelengths. Color is obtained by assigning different hues to each monochromatic image associated with an individual filter.

“This image comes from an observational program dedicated to the study of dwarf galaxies in the Virgo cluster and searching for X-ray sources in such galaxies,” the researchers said.

“X-rays are often emitted from accretion disks, where matter pulled into a compact object by gravity collides, forming a hot, glowing disk.”

“This compact object could be a white dwarf or neutron star that steals material from its companion star, or it could be a supermassive black hole at the center of a galaxy that consumes its surroundings.”

“Dwarf galaxies like IC 776 passing through the Virgo cluster can experience pressure from intergalactic gas, stimulate star formation, and feed the black hole at the galaxy's center,” the study says. they added.

“It could produce a high-energy accretion disk that is hot enough to emit X-rays.”

“Hubble cannot see X-rays, but in conjunction with X-ray telescopes such as NASA's Chandra, it can use visible light to reveal the source of this radiation in high resolution.”

“Dwarf galaxies are thought to be of great importance for understanding cosmology and galaxy evolution.”

“As with many fields of astronomy, the ability to examine these galaxies across the electromagnetic spectrum is critical to research.”

Source: www.sci.news

Young stars in the spotlight of the Hubble Space Telescope

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Astronomers using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope collected information about about 500 stars as part of their research. Young Stars Ultraviolet Heritage Library (ULLYSES) Study as an Essential Standard.

This Hubble image shows a star-forming region containing giant young blue stars in the Tarantula Nebula. Image credits: NASA/ESA/STScI/Francesco Paresce, INAF-IASF Bologna/Robert O'Connell, UVA/SOC-WFC3/ESO.

“We believe the ULLYSES project is revolutionary and will have an impact across astrophysics, from exoplanets to the influence of massive stars on the evolution of galaxies, to understanding the early stages of the evolving universe. ” said Dr. Julia Roman-Duval, leader of the ULLYSES implementation team. She is an astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute.

“Apart from the specific purpose of research, stellar data can also be used in the field of astrophysics in ways we cannot yet imagine.”

Dr. Romain Duval and her colleagues studied 220 stars and combined their observations with information on 275 stars from the Hubble archive.

The study also includes data from some of the world's largest and most powerful ground-based telescopes and X-ray space telescopes.

The ULLYSES dataset consists of stellar spectra and includes information about each star's temperature, chemical composition, and rotation.

One of the star types being studied under ULLYSES is an ultra-hot, massive blue star.

They are a million times brighter than the Sun and glow intensely in ultraviolet light that can be easily detected by Hubble. Their spectra contain important information for diagnosing the speed of powerful winds.

The wind drives the evolution of galaxies, producing galactic seeds with the elements necessary for life. These elements are cooked in the star's fusion reactor and injected into space as the star dies.

ULLYSES targeted blue stars in nearby galaxies that are deficient in elements heavier than helium and hydrogen.

“Observations of Ulises are a stepping stone to understanding the first stars and their winds in the universe and how they influence the evolution of young host galaxies,” said Dr. Romain Duval.

Another category of stars in the ULLYSES survey are young stars with less mass than the Sun.

Although it is cooler and redder than the Sun, during its formative years it emits large amounts of high-energy radiation, including bursts of ultraviolet and X-rays.

As they are still growing, they are collecting material from the surrounding planet-forming disks of dust and gas.

Hubble's spectra contain important diagnostic information about the mass-gaining process, including the amount of energy this process releases into the surrounding planet-forming disk and nearby environment.

Intense ultraviolet radiation from young stars influences the evolution of these disks as they form planets and the potential habitability of newborn planets.

The target star is located in a star-forming region near the Milky Way.

The ULLYSES concept was designed by a panel of experts with the aim of using Hubble to provide a conventional set of stellar observations.

“ULLYSES was originally conceived as an observation program using Hubble's high-sensitivity spectrometer,” said Dr. Roman Duval.

“However, this research was greatly enhanced by community-driven complementary observations in collaboration with other ground-based and space-based observatories.”

“By covering such a wide area, astronomers can study the lives of stars in unprecedented detail and develop a more comprehensive picture of the properties of these stars and how they affect their environments. It becomes possible to draw.”

Source: www.sci.news

Young multi-star system captured in stunning Hubble Space Telescope photos

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A new image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope shows a jet emerging from the cocoon of the multistar system FS Tau.

This Hubble image shows the multistar system FS Tau about 450 light-years away in the constellation Taurus. Image credit: NASA / ESA / K. Stapelfeldt, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory / Gladys Kober, NASA / Catholic University.

FS Tau It is located about 450 light years away in the constellation Taurus.

The system is part of the Taurus-Auriga region, a collection of dark molecular clouds that is home to many newly formed young stars.

FS Tau, also known as HH 157 or TIC 58437437, is only about 2.8 million years old, making it an extremely young star system.

FS Tau is a multi-star system consisting of FS Tau A, a bright star-like object near the center of the image, and FS Tau B, a bright object on the far right hidden by a dark vertical dust lane. ''' said the Hubble astronomer.

“The young object is surrounded by gently illuminated gas and dust in this stellar nursery.”

“FS Tau B is a protostar surrounded by a protoplanetary disk. A protoplanetary disk is a pancake-like collection of dust and gas left over from star formation that eventually coalesces to form a planet. It will be.”

“A thick lane of dust seen almost head-on separates what is believed to be the illuminated surface of the flared disk.”

“FS Tau B is probably T TauriAlthough nuclear fusion has not yet begun, it is a type of young variable star that is beginning to evolve into a hydrogen-fueled star similar to the Sun. ”

“Protostars glow because of the thermal energy released when the gas clouds from which they formed collapse, and from the accretion of material from nearby gas and dust.”

“Variable stars are a type of star whose brightness changes significantly over time.”

“FS Tau A itself is a Tauri T binary system, consisting of two stars orbiting each other,” the researchers added.

“Protostars are known to emit fast-moving columns of energetic material called jets, and FS Tau B provides a striking example of this phenomenon.”

“Protostars are the source of the unusual, asymmetric, double-sided jets that appear blue here.”

“Their asymmetric structure may be due to differences in the rate at which mass is ejected from the object.”

“FS Tau B is Herbig halo object,” they said.

“Herbig halo objects form when jets of ionized gas emitted by young stars collide at high speed with nearby clouds of gas and dust, forming bright nebular patches.”

Source: www.sci.news

The Event Horizon Telescope Detects a Twisted Magnetic Field Surrounding the Central Black Hole of the Milky Way

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According to astronomers’ best models of black hole evolution, the magnetic field within the accretion disk must be strong enough to push the accreted plasma out into the surroundings. New results from Sagittarius A*, the 4.3 million solar mass black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy, and its much larger cousin M87* provide the first direct observational evidence supporting these models.

This image from the Event Horizon Telescope shows a polarized view of Sagittarius A*. The lines superimposed on this image show the direction of polarization associated with the magnetic field around the black hole’s shadow. Image credit: EHT Collaboration.

In 2022, EHT collaboration The first image of Sagittarius A*, about 27,000 light-years from Earth, has been released, showing that the Milky Way’s supermassive black hole looks very good despite being more than 1/1000th smaller and lighter in mass than M87. revealed that they are similar.

This led scientists to wonder if the two men had more in common than just their looks. To find out, they decided to study Sagittarius A* in polarized light.

Previous studies of the light surrounding M87* revealed that the magnetic field around the supermassive black hole causes powerful jets of matter to be ejected into the surrounding environment.

Based on this study, new EHT images reveal that the same may be true for Sagittarius A*.

“What we’re seeing now is a strong, twisted, organized magnetic field near the black hole at the center of the Milky Way,” said astronomers at the Harvard University & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. said Dr. Sarah Isaun.

“In addition to having a polarization structure that is strikingly similar to that seen in the much larger and more powerful M87* black hole, Sagittarius A* has a polarization structure that is strikingly similar to that seen in the much larger and more powerful M87* black hole. We found that strong, well-ordered magnetic fields are important for how they act.”

Light is a vibrating or moving electromagnetic wave that allows us to see objects. Light can oscillate in a particular direction, which scientists call polarization.

Polarized light is all around us, but to the human eye it is indistinguishable from “normal” light.

In the plasma around these black holes, particles swirling around magnetic field lines impart a polarization pattern perpendicular to the magnetic field.

This will allow astronomers to see in clearer detail what’s happening in the black hole region and map its magnetic field lines.

“By imaging polarized light from glowing gas near a black hole, we are directly inferring the structure and strength of the magnetic field that flows through the streams of gas and matter that the black hole feeds and ejects.” said Dr. Angelo Ricarte. Astronomer at Harvard University and the Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

“Polarized light can tell us much more about astrophysics, the properties of the gas, and the mechanisms that occur when black holes feed.”

But imaging black holes under polarized light isn’t as easy as wearing polarized sunglasses. This is especially true for Sagittarius A*. Sagittarius A* changes so quickly that you can’t stand still and take a photo.

Imaging supermassive black holes requires sophisticated tools beyond those previously used to capture a more stable target, M87*.

“Sagittarius A*s are like enthusiastic toddlers,” said Avery Broderick, a professor at the University of Waterloo.

“For the first time, we see invisible structures that guide matter within a black hole’s disk, drive plasma to the event horizon, and help the plasma grow.”

“Sagittarius A* moves around while trying to photograph it, so it was difficult to even construct an unpolarized image,” said astronomer Dr. Jeffrey Bower of the Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica in Taipei. Told.

“The first image is an average of multiple images from the movement of Sagittarius A*.”

“I was relieved that polarized imaging was also possible. Some models had too much scrambling and turbulence to build polarized images, but nature isn’t that cruel. did.”

Professor Maria Felicia de Laurentiis, University of Naples Federico II, said: “Using samples of two black holes with very different masses and host galaxies, we can determine what they agree on and what they do not agree on.” It’s important.

“Since both point us toward strong magnetic fields, this suggests that this may be a universal and perhaps fundamental feature of this type of system.”

“One similarity between these two black holes could be a jet. But while we imaged a very obvious black hole in M87*, we have yet to find one in Sagittarius A*. not.”

The results of this research are published in two papers (paper #1 & paper #2) in Astrophysics Journal Letter.

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Collaboration with Event Horizon Telescope. 2024. Horizon telescope results for the first Sagittarius A* event. VII. Polarization of the ring. APJL 964, L25; doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad2df0

Collaboration with Event Horizon Telescope. 2024. Horizon telescope results for the first Sagittarius A* event. VIII. Physical interpretation of polarization rings. APJL 964, L26; doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad2df1

Source: www.sci.news

Stunning Shot of Spider Galaxy Captured by Hubble Space Telescope

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New photos from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope show nearby irregular galaxy UGC 5829, also known as the Spider Galaxy.

This Hubble image shows UGC 5829, an irregular galaxy located approximately 30 million light-years away in the constellation Sera. Image credits: NASA / ESA / Hubble / R. Tully / M. Messa.

UGC 5829 It is located approximately 30 million light-years away in the constellation Serra.

“Although this relatively faint galaxy has not been observed very often, it has the characteristic soubliquet of a spider galaxy,” Hubble astronomers said in a statement.

“Perhaps the distorted galactic arms with glowing tips that form stars remind us of the clawed legs of arachnids.”

“Somewhat confusingly, there is another galaxy known as the Spiderweb galaxy that has a very similar nickname but is otherwise completely separate.”

“Despite the fact that this galaxy is about 300 times further away from Earth than the Spider Galaxy, it has been imaged more extensively.”

“Fortunately, the ability to accurately identify galaxies does not depend on chance names.”

“Rather, known galaxies are recorded in at least one catalog, such as the Uppsala Galaxy Catalog, and are often recorded in multiple catalogs. It has been given a name.”

“This same galaxy has been given several different names in various other catalogs,” they added.

“For example, LEDA 31923 in the Lyon-Meudon Extragalactic Database; MCG+06-24-006 in the Galactic Morphology Catalog; and SDSS J104242.78+342657.3 in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Catalog.

“Spiderweb galaxies are not all recorded in the same catalog; each catalog is necessarily limited in scope. However, they are included in the LEDA catalog as LEDA 2826829.”

“It's clearly easier to avoid confusing the boring but unique names LEDA 31923 and LEDA 2826829 than the interesting but easily confused names Spider and Spiderweb.”

The new image of UGC 5829 consists of observations from. Hubble's advanced survey camera (ACS) and wide field camera 3 (WFC3) Found in the near-infrared and optical portions of the spectrum.

This is based on data obtained through four filters. Color is obtained by assigning different hues to each monochromatic image associated with an individual filter.

Source: www.sci.news

New Stunning Images of Jupiter Captured by Hubble Space Telescope

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The new Hubble images taken on January 5 and 6, 2024 show many large storms and small white clouds in Jupiter’s atmosphere, indicating a lot of activity.

Jupiter is revisited by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope in these images taken on January 5 and 6, 2024, capturing both sides of the giant planet. Image credit: NASA / ESA / STScI / Amy Simon, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.

Jupiter’s colorful clouds create a constantly changing display of shapes and colors in its atmosphere.

The planet experiences various stormy weather patterns, including low-pressure systems, high-pressure systems, wind shear, and the Great Red Spot, the largest storm in the solar system.

Jupiter is covered by a cloud of ammonia ice crystals, about 48 km thick in an atmosphere that is tens of thousands of kilometers deep, resulting in the planet’s distinctive stripes.

The banding effect is caused by air moving at different latitudes and speeds of up to 563 km per hour.

The zones, where the atmosphere rises, are brightly colored, while the belts, where the air falls, are darker. Storms and turbulence occur when these opposing flows interact.

Hubble continues to monitor Jupiter and other exoplanets annually through the Outer Planet Atmosphere Legacy (OPAL) Program.

“The left Hubble image shows the iconic Great Red Spot prominently in Jupiter’s atmosphere,” stated Hubble astronomers.

“To the lower right is a feature known as Red Spot Junior, a high-pressure system resulting from storms in previous years.”

“This year, it appears to be turning red again, possibly due to compounds like sulfur and phosphorus.”

“In the right image, storm activity is visible in the opposite hemisphere, with two distinct storm systems rotating in opposite directions.”

These storms are expected to pass each other as they repel through their rotations.

“The presence of many storms and clouds in Jupiter’s atmosphere indicates a high level of activity,” said Dr. Amy Simon, OPAL project leader and astronomer at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.

“Despite its small size, Jupiter’s moon Io shows volcanic activity, visible through Hubble’s sensitivity to blue and violet wavelengths.”

Source: www.sci.news

Hubble Space Telescope Captures Stunning Image of the Magellanic Spiral Galaxy

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NASA has released a surprising new image of the little-known dwarf galaxy LEDA 42160 taken by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope.

This Hubble image shows dwarf galaxy LEDA 42160 located 53.5 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / M. Sun.

LEDA 42160 Located approximately at 53.5 million light years It is located in the constellation Virgo, far from Earth.

Also known as MCG+02-32-161, VCC 1725, ALFALFA 3-327, or AGC 220849, this galaxy is a member of a massive galaxy cluster called the Virgo Cluster.

“LEDA 42160 is one of many astronomers to force their way through the relatively dense gas in the Virgo cluster,” Hubble astronomers said.

“The pressure exerted by this intergalactic gas, known as the Ram pressure, has a dramatic effect on star formation in LEDA 42160, which is currently being studied using Hubble.”

“LEDA 42160 falls into the following categories.” magellanic spiral galaxyIn the de Vaucouleurs galaxy classification system, it is abbreviated as Sm. ”

“Magellanic spiral galaxies can be further classified as barred galaxies (SBm), barred galaxies (SAm), and weakly barred galaxies (SABm), where the ‘bar’ refers to the elongated bar at the center of the galaxy. ”

“Generally speaking, the Magellanic Spiral Galaxy is a dwarf galaxy with only one spiral arm.”

“They are named after their prototype SBm galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud.”

“The Magellanic Spiral Galaxy is an interesting example of how the classification of galaxies is actually more nuanced than just spiral, elliptical, irregular, etc.”

Color images of LEDA 42160 consist of observations from. Hubble’s advanced survey camera (ACS) in the near-infrared and optical portions of the spectrum.

Two filters were used to sample different wavelengths. Color is obtained by assigning different hues to each monochromatic image associated with an individual filter.

Source: www.sci.news

The Hubble Space Telescope observes a small spiral galaxy from an edge-on perspective

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NASA has released a beautiful photo of spiral galaxy NGC 4423 taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.

This Hubble image shows spiral galaxy NGC 4423 about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / M. Sun.

NGC4423 It is located in the constellation Virgo, about 55 million light years away.

Also known as IRAS 12246+0609, LEDA 40801, or VCC 971, this spiral galaxy is approximately 35,000 light-years in diameter.

beginning spotted Discovered on April 13, 1784 by German-born British astronomer William Herschel, NGC 4423 is a member of the Virgo cluster.

“In the new image, NGC 4423 appears to have a highly irregular, tubular shape, so it may be surprising to learn that it is actually a spiral galaxy,” Hubble astronomers said in a statement.

“Knowing this, we can distinguish between the galaxy's denser central bulge and the less dense surrounding disk, which makes up the spiral arms.”

“If you looked at NGC 4423 head-on, it would resemble the shape we most associate with spiral galaxies: a spectacular curve spreading out from a bright center and interspersed with darker, dimmer, less populated regions. This is the arm you are drawing.”

“However, when observing the sky, we are constrained by the relative position of the earth and the object we are observing. We cannot simply change the position of the earth to get a better view of NGC 4423 head-on. .”

“Of course, celestial bodies are not stationary in space; they often move at very high speeds relative to each other.”

“This may suggest that even if the galaxy is moving in a coincidental direction relative to Earth, if you travel far enough you may be able to see it from a substantially different perspective. I don’t know.”

“While this is theoretically possible, in reality the distances in the universe are too long and human lifespans are too short for significant differences in relative alignment to occur.”

“In other words, this is more or less the view of NGC 4423 that we will always have.”

New images of NGC 4423 consist of observations from. Hubble's advanced survey camera (ACS) in the near-infrared and optical portions of the spectrum.

This is based on data obtained through two filters. Color is obtained by assigning different hues to each monochromatic image associated with an individual filter.

Source: www.sci.news

The Hubble Space Telescope captures a distorted spiral galaxy

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Astronomers using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope have obtained a surprising new perspective of spiral galaxy UGC 3912.

This Hubble image shows UGC 3912, a small spiral galaxy located 63 million light-years away in the constellation Canis Major. Image credit: NASA / ESA / C. Kilpatrick, Northwestern University / Gladys Kober, NASA and The Catholic University of America.

UGC 3912also known as IRAS 07315+0439 or LEDA 21303, lies. 19.3 megaparsecs It is located in the constellation Canis Minor (63 million light years) from Earth.

“UGC 3912 is classified as a spiral galaxy, but you wouldn't know it from this detailed Hubble image,” said Hubble astronomers.

“This galaxy's distorted shape typically indicates a gravitational encounter with another galaxy.”

“When galaxies interact, meaning they bump into or collide with each other's gravitational fields, their stars, dust, and gas can be pulled into new paths.”

“UGC 3912 may have once been an organized-looking spiral, but now it appears to have been bent out of shape by a giant thumb.”

“Fortunately, when galaxies interact, individual stars and objects orbiting them remain intact, even though their orbits change dramatically and the shape of the galaxy as a whole changes.”

“That's because the distances between stars in galaxies are so great that they simply keep moving along new orbits without colliding with each other.”

Astronomers are studying UGC 3912 as part of their investigation into supernova activity. Supernova activity is when a star at least eight times the size of the Sun explodes at the end of its life.

“Hubble studies hydrogen-rich phenomena known as supernovae, one of several types of supernovae. Type II supernova” they explained.

“Although enough Type II supernovae have been observed, they exhibit highly variable properties in brightness and spectroscopy and are not well understood.”

Source: www.sci.news

New discoveries from the Webb telescope shed light on the origins of supermassive black holes and galaxies

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New insights from the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope overturn theories about how black holes shape the universe, reversing the classical theory that black holes formed after the first stars and galaxies appeared. It challenges our understanding. In fact, black holes may have accelerated the birth of new stars during the universe's first 50 million years.

This artist's impression shows the evolution of the universe, starting with the Big Bang on the left and continuing with the emergence of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The formation of the first stars ends the Dark Ages of the universe, followed by the formation of galaxies. Image credit: M. Weiss / Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

“We know that these monster black holes exist in the centers of galaxies near the Milky Way, but now the big surprise is that they were also present at the beginning of the universe, and that they were like building blocks or seeds of early galaxies. It was something,” he said. Professor Joseph Silk, an astronomer at Johns Hopkins University and the Sorbonne Institute of Astrophysics;

“They've really enhanced everything, including giant amplifiers for star formation. This completely overturns what we previously thought was possible, and how galaxies form. It has the potential to completely shake up our understanding of what happens.”

“The distant galaxies observed by Webb in the early universe appear much brighter than scientists expected, revealing an unusually large number of young stars and supermassive black holes.”

“Conventional wisdom holds that black holes formed after the collapse of supermassive stars, and that galaxies formed after the first stars illuminated the dark early universe.”

But the team's analysis suggests that for the first 100 million years, black holes and galaxies coexisted, influencing each other's fate.

“We argue that the outflow of the black hole crushed the gas clouds and turned them into stars, greatly accelerating the rate of star formation,” Professor Silk said.

“Otherwise, it's very difficult to understand where these bright galaxies came from, because they are typically smaller in the early Universe. Why on earth did they become stars so quickly? Do I need to create one?”

“A black hole is a region of space where gravity is so strong that not even light can escape its attraction.”

“Thanks to this force, they generate powerful magnetic fields that cause violent storms, eject turbulent plasma, and ultimately act like giant particle accelerators.”

“This process may be why Webb's detectors found more black holes and brighter galaxies than scientists expected.”

“We can't fully see these ferocious winds and jets so far away, but we know they must exist because many black holes have been seen in the early universe. I am.”

“The huge wind blowing from the black hole crushes nearby gas clouds, turning them into stars.”

“This is the missing link that explains why these first galaxies are much brighter than we expected.”

According to the research team, there were two stages of the young universe.

In the first stage, star formation was accelerated by high-velocity outflow from the black hole, while in the second stage, the outflow slowed down.

“Hundreds of millions of years after the Big Bang, a supermassive black hole magnetic storm caused gas clouds to collapse and new stars to form at a rate far exceeding that observed in normal galaxies billions of years later,” Professor Silk said. Ta.

“These powerful outflows moved into energy conservation states, reducing the amount of gas available to form stars within the galaxy, thus slowing star formation.”

“We originally thought that galaxies formed when giant gas clouds collapsed,” Professor Silk said.

“The big surprise was that there was a seed in the middle of that cloud, a large black hole, that helped rapidly turn the inside of that cloud into a star at a much faster rate than we expected. So the first galaxies are incredibly bright.”

of study Published in Astrophysics Journal Letter.

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joseph silk other. 2024. Which came first, a supermassive black hole or a galaxy? Insights from JWST. APJL 961, L39; doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad1bf0

Source: www.sci.news

Gemini South Telescope zeroes in on unusual lenticular galaxy NGC 4753

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NGC 4753’s remarkable and complex network of dust lanes winding around its galactic core defines its “peculiar” classification, and was probably the result of the galaxy’s merger with a nearby dwarf galaxy about 1.3 billion years ago. It is thought that there is.

This image from the Gemini South Telescope, one half of the International Gemini Observatory operated by NSF’s NOIRLab, shows NGC 4753, a lenticular galaxy about 60 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. Image credits: International Gemini Observatory / NOIRLab / NSF / AURA / J. Miller, International Gemini Observatory and NSF’s NOIRLab / M. Rodriguez, International Gemini Observatory and NSF’s NOIRLab / M. Zamani, NSF’s NOIRLab.

NGC4753 is a lenticular galaxy located approximately 60 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo.

This galaxy, also known as LEDA 43671, UGC 8009, and IRAS 12498-0055, discovered It was proposed by German-born British astronomer William Herschel on February 22, 1784.

NGC 4753 is a member of the NGC 4753 group of galaxies in the Virgo II cloud, a series of at least 100 galaxy clusters and individual galaxies that extend away from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

“There is an astonishing number of galaxies in the observable universe, with recent estimates putting the number between 100 billion and 2 trillion,” Gemini astronomers said in a statement.

“And just like snowflakes, no two are exactly alike. However, they can be divided into four broad classes based on their appearance and physical characteristics: elliptical, lenticular, irregular, and spiral. , with many subclasses in between.”

“However, galaxies are dynamic objects that evolve over time while interacting with their surrounding environment, meaning that an individual galaxy can fall into multiple classifications over its lifetime. ”

In 1992, Indiana University astronomer Tom Steiman-Cameron and colleagues published A detailed study of NGC 4753 reveals that its complex shape is likely the result of a merger with a small companion galaxy.

“Galaxies that swallow other galaxies often look like train wrecks, but this is a train wreck galaxy,” said Dr. Steiman-Cameron.

Galactic mergers occur when two or more galaxies collide, mixing their material and significantly changing the shape and behavior of each galaxy involved.

In the case of NGC 4753, the once-standard lenticular galaxy is thought to have merged with a nearby gas-rich dwarf galaxy about 1.3 billion years ago.

The dwarf galaxy’s gas, combined with the burst of star formation caused by this galactic collision, injected large amounts of dust into the system.

The galaxy’s gravitational inward spiral spread out the accumulated dust into a disk. And this is where the story gets interesting.

Astronomers have discovered that a phenomenon known as differential precession is responsible for NGC 4753’s tangled dust lanes.

Precession occurs when a rotating object changes its axis of rotation, like a spinning top that loses momentum and wobbles. And differential means that the speed of precession is different depending on the radius.

For a dusty accretion disk orbiting around a galactic nucleus, the rate of precession is faster toward the center and slower near the edges.

This fluctuating wobble-like motion is due to the angle at which NGC 4753 and its former dwarf companion collided, and is responsible for the strongly twisted dust lanes that we see today wrapping around the galaxy’s luminescent core. It becomes.

“For a long time, no one knew what to make of this strange galaxy,” said Dr. Steiman-Cameron.

“But by starting with the idea that the accreted material fills the disk and analyzing the three-dimensional geometry, the mystery was solved.”

“Thirty years later, we are now incredibly excited to be able to see this highly detailed image with the Gemini South Telescope.”

Source: www.sci.news

Close-up of Arp 140 captured by Hubble Space Telescope

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The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has captured an excellent image of the interacting spiral lens galaxy pair Arp 140.

Lenticular galaxy NGC 274 can be seen on the right side of this Hubble image, and barred spiral galaxy NGC 275 can be seen on the left side. Image credit: NASA / ESA / R. Foley, University of California, Santa Cruz / Gladys Kober, NASA and The Catholic University of America.

Alp 140 Located approximately at 70 million light years Beyond Cetus.

This galaxy duo Atlas of unique galaxiesA catalog of 338 galaxies compiled in 1966 by American astronomer Halton Earp.

It consists of NGC274 (also known as LEDA 2980) and NGC275 (LEDA 2984).

NGC 274 is classified as a lenticular galaxy, and NGC 275 is classified as a barred spiral galaxy.

“Lentiform galaxies and barred spiral galaxies have different structures,” Hubble astronomer explained.

“In a barred spiral galaxy, a bar of stars runs through the galaxy's central bulge (seen here as a bright white vertical haze in NGC 275).”

“Typically, the arms of a galaxy begin at the end of the bar.”

“Lentiform galaxies, on the other hand, fall between elliptical and spiral galaxies,” the researchers added.

“Its name comes from its edgy appearance, which resembles a saucer.”

“Lenticular galaxies have a large central bulge and a flat disk-like spiral, but no spiral arms.”

“It doesn’t have much gas or dust, and it’s mainly made up of old stars.”

Previous observations of Arp 140 revealed a tidal tail extending light-years from NGC 275 beyond the interacting pair.

They also showed that, contrary to the often assumed picture of interacting galaxies, NGC 275 does not exhibit enhanced star formation.

Source: www.sci.news

NGC 5427 captured in close-up by Hubble Space Telescope

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astronomer using NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope They captured a striking photo of NGC 5427, which is part of the interacting galaxy pair Arp 271.

This Hubble image shows NGC 5427, a spiral galaxy located about 120 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. Image credit: NASA / ESA / R. Foley, University of California, Santa Cruz / Gladys Kober, NASA and The Catholic University of America.

Alp 271 It was originally discovered in 1785 by German-born British astronomer William Herschel.

a pair that interacts consisting of Two spiral galaxies of similar size: NGC5426 and NGC5427.

It is located about 120 million light-years away toward the constellation Virgo, and its extent is about 130,000 light-years.

It is unclear whether the interaction experienced by NGC 5426 and NGC 5427 will end in a collision and ultimately lead to the merger of the two galaxies, or whether the galaxies will simply experience a very close encounter.

It is absolutely certain that they are already interacting with each other, as material has been stripped from galaxies to create bridges of stars and dust that connect them.

In the distant future, our Milky Way galaxy will undergo a similar collision with the Andromeda galaxy, which is currently located about 2.6 million light-years away from the Milky Way.

“NGC 5426 is below NGC 5427 and outside the frame of this image,” Hubble astronomers said.

“However, the gravitational effects of this pair can be seen in the distortion of the galaxy and the cosmic bridge of stars seen in the lower right region of the image.”

“NGC 5426 and NGC 5427 are locked in an interaction lasting tens of millions of years.”

“Whether they will eventually collide and merge is still uncertain, but their mutual attraction has already led to the birth of many new stars.”

“These young stars are visible in the faint bridge connecting the two galaxies at the bottom of the image.”

“Such bridges provide a path for the two galaxies to continue sharing gas and dust that will form new stars.”

“We believe Arp 271 serves as a blueprint for future interactions between the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies, which are expected to occur in about 4 billion years.”

Source: www.sci.news

The Hubble Space Telescope Observes Stunning Spiral Galaxies

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The Hubble team has released a stunning photo of the face-on spiral galaxy ESO 420-13 taken by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope.

This Hubble image shows spiral galaxy ESO 420-13 facing forward. Image credit: NASA / ESA / University of Virginia A. Evans / Gladys Kober, NASA and The Catholic University of America.

ESO420-13 It is a spiral galaxy located south of the constellation Eridanus.

This galaxy, also known as LEDA 14702, IRAS 04118-3207, or 2MASX J04134969-3200252, Seyfert Galaxy.

“Dark dust lanes are visible against the backdrop of the glow of the galaxy's many stars,” Hubble astronomers said in a statement.

“About 10% of all galaxies in the universe are thought to be Seyfert galaxies.”

“They are typically spiral galaxies and have very bright nuclei, the result of a supermassive black hole at their center accreting large amounts of radiation-emitting material.”

“The centers of these active galaxies are the brightest when observed with light outside the visible spectrum.”

“Galaxies containing active galactic nuclei of this type are often so bright that the glow of the nucleus washes out the host galaxy itself.”

“But the Seyfert galaxy is unique because the galaxy itself is also visible.”

“In the case of ESO 420-13, we can enjoy the galaxy's almost perfectly round disk, brighter core, and swirling dark dust filaments.”

Astronomers observed ESO 420-13 as part of their research. bright infrared galaxy (LIRG).

“These galaxies are known to be very bright in the infrared part of the spectrum,” the researchers said.

“Galaxy interactions trigger new star-forming regions in LIRG that become extremely bright in infrared light.”

Source: www.sci.news

The Hubble Telescope uncovers countless faraway galaxies in the constellation Cetus

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New infrared images taken with wide field camera 3 (WFC3) onboard the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope shows dozens of galaxies in the constellation Cetus, including SDSS J020941.27+001558.4, SDSS J020941.23+001600.7, and HerS J020941.1+001557. Masu.

This Hubble image shows a variety of distant galaxies in the constellation Cetus. Most galaxies are very small, but there are also some larger galaxies and some stars that can be seen in detail. At its center is an elliptical galaxy with a bright nucleus and a wide disk. A reddish, distorted ring of light surrounds its center, thicker on one side. Small galaxies intersect the rings as bright spots. Image credits: NASA / ESA / Hubble / H. Nayyeri / L. Marchetti / J. Lowenthal.

“What are we looking at when we study this image?” Hubble astronomers said in a statement.

“A distant galaxy 19.5 billion light-years away from Earth? Or a much closer (relatively) tiny glowing red galaxy 2.7 billion light-years away? Or a third galaxy that appears to be much closer to the second galaxy? Is not it?”

“The answer, perhaps confusingly, is that we are considering all three.”

“More precisely, we see light emitted from all of these galaxies, even though the farthest galaxy from Earth is directly behind the first.”

“In fact, it's that very alignment that makes the particular visuals of this image possible.”

“The bright spot in the center of this image is one of our closest galaxies, known by a long (but informative) name. SDSS J020941.27+001558.4,” they said.

“Another bright spot above it appears to be intersected by a curved crescent of light, SDSS J020941.23+001600.7, is the second closest galaxy. ”

“And finally, that curved crescent of light itself is 'lensed' light from a very distant galaxy. Girlfriend J020941.1+001557”

Her J020941.1+001557 light was bent by the gravity of the foreground galaxy and expanded into a circular shape called an Einstein ring.

“Einstein rings occur when light from a very distant object bends around a large intermediate object,” the astronomers said.

“This is possible because the fabric of the universe itself, spacetime, is bent by mass, and so is light traveling through spacetime.”

“This is too subtle to observe at a local level, but when dealing with the curvature of light on large astronomical scales, for example when light emitted from a galaxy bends around another galaxy or galaxy cluster, , may become clearly observable.”

“When the lensed object and the lensed object are aligned in such a way, the result is a unique Einstein ring shape, with a complete or partial ring around the lensed object, depending on the precision of the alignment. A circle of light appears.

“This partial Einstein ring is of particular interest because it was identified thanks to a citizen science project. space warp — means that the public made the discovery of this object possible. ”

Source: www.sci.news

NASA’s Infrared Telescope: A Remarkable Evolution

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For the past 40 years, scientists have been using infrared space telescopes to study the universe, including NASA missions such as the Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) launched in 1983, the Spitzer Space Telescope launched in 2003, and the James Webb Space Telescope launched in 2021. Although the Webb Telescope has opened a new window to the universe, it builds on missions from 40 years ago, including Spitzer and the Infrared Astronomy Satellite. The James Webb Space Telescope is the largest and most powerful space observatory in history, celebrating its second anniversary since its launch. Its clarity of images has inspired the world, and scientists are just beginning to study its scientific benefits.

The success of Webb builds on four decades of work with space telescopes that also detect infrared light. Telescopes such as the IRAS and the Spitzer Space Telescope provide crucial insights into star formation, cosmic gas and dust clouds, and the existence of exoplanets. These telescopes have contributed to groundbreaking discoveries about the universe and have paved the way for future infrared missions, such as NASA’s upcoming SPHEREx and Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.

The legacy of these infrared space telescopes is reflected in the images of star-forming regions, such as Rho Ophiuchus and Fomalhaut, which have revealed previously hidden features and provided insight into the formation of stars and planets. Infrared light has become an essential tool for understanding the universe on various scales, from the study of galaxy evolution to the detection of exoplanets and the investigation of dark energy.

The Webb Telescope is paving the way for complex and diverse scientific questions by building upon the knowledge gained from previous infrared telescopes such as IRAS and Spitzer. Its success is fueling the anticipation of future infrared missions that will continue to expand our understanding of the universe.

Source: scitechdaily.com

‘Saturn’s Rings Revealed: Hubble Space Telescope Discovers Intriguing ‘Spokes’ within’

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Saturn, a gas giant, is known for its iconic ring system. But its B ring may have spots or streaks of denser or brighter material known as spokes, which may be related to the dust’s interaction with the planet’s magnetic field. A new image of Saturn taken by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope on October 22, 2023 reveals the spokes of its rings.

This Hubble image shows Saturn, its bright white rings, and its three moons: Mimas, Dione, and Enceladus. Features on the left and right spokes of the ring appear as faint gray smudges against the ring’s bright background, approximately halfway from the planet to the ring’s outer edge. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / STScI / Amy Simon, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.

Saturn’s spokes (so named because they resemble bicycle spokes) are temporary features that rotate with the rings.

Their ghostly appearance only lasts for two or three revolutions around the giant planet.

During the active period, newly formed spokes continually add to the pattern.

ring spokes first photographed by NASA’s Voyager 2 spacecraft in 1981.

NASA’s Cassini spacecraft also discovered Spoke during its 13-year mission that ended in 2017.

Hubble continues to observe Saturn every year as its spokes come and go. This cycle is captured by Hubble’s Outer Planet Atmospheric Legacy (OPAL) program, which was launched nearly a decade ago to annually monitor weather changes on all four gas giants.

Hubble’s clear images show that the frequency of the spokes’ appearance is seasonal, and they appeared in the OPAL data for the first time in 2021, but only on the morning side of the ring.

Long-term monitoring has shown that both the number and contrast of spokes change with Saturn’s seasons.

“We’re heading towards the Saturn equinox, when the spoke activity is expected to be at its peak, and we’re going to have a lot of activity in the coming months,” said Dr. Amy Simon, an astronomer at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and chief scientist at the space flight center. “Over the years we will see higher frequencies and darker spokes.” opal program.

“This year, these ephemeral structures will appear on both sides of the Earth simultaneously, rotating around the giant world.”

“Although it appears small compared to Saturn, its length and width could extend beyond the diameter of Earth.”

“The leading theory is that the spokes are connected to Saturn’s strong magnetic field, and that the sun has some kind of interaction with that field that creates the spokes.”

“As we approach Saturn’s vernal equinox, Saturn and its rings tilt less away from the Sun.”

“In this configuration, the solar wind could hit Saturn’s massive magnetic field even harder, promoting spoke formation.”

“Planetary scientists believe that the electrostatic forces generated by this interaction cause the dust and ice to float above the ring, forming the spokes, but even after decades, no theory has been able to fully predict the formation of the spokes. I won’t.”

“Continuing Hubble observations may ultimately help solve the mystery.”

Source: www.sci.news

Unknown source of ultra-high energy extraterrestrial particle detected by telescope array

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An artist’s illustration of an extremely high-energy cosmic ray, named the “Amaterasu particle,” observed by the surface detector array of the Telescope Array experiment.Credit: Osaka Metropolitan University/L-INSIGHT, Kyoto University/Ryuunosuke Takeshige

A groundbreaking detection of extremely high-energy cosmic rays by a telescope array experiment points to a void in the universe and casts doubt on current theories about the origin and high-energy physics of cosmic rays. It raises questions about its source.

Discovery of an exceptional extraterrestrial particle

Researchers involved in the telescope array experiment announced that they had detected cosmic rays with unusual energy. This particle originates outside our galaxy and has an incredible energy level of more than 240 exaelectronvolts (EeV). Despite this remarkable discovery, its exact source remains elusive, as its direction of arrival does not point to any known celestial body.

The mystery of ultra-high energy cosmic rays

Cosmic rays are subatomic charged particles that come from space, and ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are a rare and extremely powerful type. These UHECRs have energies in excess of 1 EeV, which is about a million times the energy reached by man-made particle accelerators. These are thought to originate from the most energetic phenomena in the universe, such as black holes, gamma-ray bursts, and active galactic nuclei. However, its exact physics and acceleration mechanisms are still not fully understood. These high-energy cosmic rays occur infrequently, estimated at less than one particle per square kilometer per century, making their detection a rare event and requiring instruments with large collection areas. .

An artist’s illustration of ultra-high energy cosmic ray astronomy, which elucidates highly energetic phenomena as opposed to weak cosmic rays that are affected by electromagnetic fields.Credit: Osaka Metropolitan University/Kyoto University/Ryuunosuke Takeshige

A unique discovery of telescope arrays

The Telescope Array (TA) experiment, a large-scale surface detector array in Utah with an effective detection area of ​​700 square kilometers, successfully detected UHECR on May 27, 2021 at a breakthrough energy of approximately 244 EeV.

Given the very high energy of this particle, it should experience only a relatively small deflection by the foreground magnetic field, and therefore its direction of arrival should be expected to be more closely correlated with its source. Researchers point out that there is. However, our results show that the direction of arrival does not indicate an obvious source galaxy or other known objects that could be potential sources of UHECRs.

Instead, its direction of arrival points to a cavity in the large-scale structure of the universe, a region where galaxies are almost absent. Scientists believe this indicates a much larger magnetic deflection than predicted by galactic magnetic field models, an unidentified source in the local extragalactic neighborhood, or an incomplete understanding of the high-energy particle physics involved. This suggests that there is a possibility that

For more information on this discovery, see:

Reference: “Extremely high-energy cosmic rays observed by surface detector arrays”*†, RU Abbasi, MG Allen, R. Arimura, JW Belz, DR Bergman, SA Blake, BK Shin, IJ Buckland, BG Cheon, Tetsuya Fujii, Kazuya Fujisue, Kazuya Fujita, Masaki Fukushima, GD Furlich, ZR Gerber, N. Globus, Kazuto Hibino, Tatsuya Higuchi, Kazuya Honda, Daisho Ikeda, Hiroshi Ito, Akira Iwasaki, S. Jeong, HM Jeong, CH Jui, K. Kadota, F. Kakimoto, OE Kalashev, K. Kasahara, K. Kawata, I. Kharuk, E. Kido, SW Kim, HB Kim, JH Kim, JH Kim, I. Komae, Y. Kubota, MY Kuznetsov, KH Lee, BK Rubsandrjiev, JP Lundquist, JN Matthews, S. Nagataki, T. nakamara, A. Nakazawa, T. Nonaka, S. Ogio, M. Ono, H. Oshima, IH Park. , M. Potts, S. Pushilkov, JR Remington, DC Rodriguez, C. Lott, GI Rubtsov, D. Liu, H. Sagawa, N. Sakaki, T. Sako, N. Sakurai, H. Shin, JD Smith, P Sokolsky, BT Stokes, TS Stroman, K. Takahashi, M. Takeda, A. Takeda, Y. Tameda, S. Thomas, GB Thomson, PG Tyniakov, I. Tkachev, T. Tomita, SV Troitsky, Y. Tsunesada, S. Udo, FR Urban, T. Wong, K. Yamazaki, Y. Yuma, YV Zeser, Z. Zunder, November 23, 2023. science.
DOI: 10.1126/science.abo5095

Source: scitechdaily.com