Revolutionary Lunar Botanist Aims to Cultivate Vegetables on the Moon

Posted on June 24, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Astronaut Mark Watney’s journey to grow potatoes on Mars in the film Martian may be fiction, but real-world astrobotanists like Jessica Atkin are making strides in the field. As NASA gears up to establish a sustainable lunar base through the Artemis II mission, the need for skilled individuals who can cultivate crops off Earth is becoming paramount.

Establishing a self-sufficient moon base poses challenges, including the requirement for colonists to harvest water from lunar ice and contend with the inhospitable lunar regolith. Atkin’s groundbreaking research, undertaken at Texas A&M University, demonstrates that chickpeas can sprout when lunar regolith is treated with a blend of organic materials and particular fungi. Her work recently earned her a significant NASA grant to advance research on lunar agriculture.

Atkin discussed her aspirations for a lunar greenhouse, the importance of her work, and what future astronauts can expect to eat on the moon.

Robin George Andrews: What motivated your interest in astrobotany?

Jessica Atkin: My passion for plants began in my childhood, specifically in my grandmother’s strawberry fields. Growing up on a ranch, I spent evenings pondering the possibilities of cultivating plants in space. My belief is that microbes could help us in the process of colonizing not just Earth but the Moon as well.

How did your military service shape your academic career?

My time in the military was a stepping stone to obtaining my college education without financial dependence on my family. I served as a police officer and trained the Iraqi police, experiences that taught me resilience and adaptability—qualities I now bring to my research.

Why grow crops in lunar regolith instead of transporting soil from Earth?

Transporting 1 pound to the Moon can cost around $100,000, making it impractical for sustaining long-term food growth. Instead, we’ll focus on leveraging hydroponics and other innovative methods, much like the systems used on the International Space Station (ISS).

What challenges does lunar regolith present for agriculture?

The structure of lunar regolith is detrimental to plant growth; its sharp, small particles can harm both plants and astronauts alike. Moreover, the chemical composition, while containing necessary nutrients, poses risks due to potentially toxic elements that can inhibit plant health.

Chickpea roots growing in simulated lunar regolith

Michael Miller/Texas A&M AgriLife

What progress has been made in lunar agriculture?

Research teams, such as those from the University of Florida, have shown that plants like thale watercress can grow in actual lunar regolith samples collected during the Apollo missions. My initial research overlooked the vital role of microbes in plant growth, and I felt compelled to explore their significance further.

Your work emphasizes the importance of fungi in lunar agriculture.

Understanding that fungi can aid plants in establishing themselves on land here on Earth, I wanted to investigate if a similar symbiotic relationship could help plants thrive in lunar regolith.

Why did you choose chickpeas as a candidate for lunar cultivation?

Chickpeas are often overlooked as crops, yet they are rich in protein and serve as a vital food source. Unlike typical crops like lettuce and tomatoes, chickpeas are resilient and capable of thriving in harsh conditions, making them ideal for lunar agriculture.

Before your NASA grant, you pioneered research in your home.

My living room transformed into a botanical lab, as I knew that exploring these experiments was crucial when few others were doing so.

Were you able to utilize real lunar regolith in your studies?

Full samples of lunar regolith are scarce and heavily guarded at NASA’s Johnson Space Center; thus, I utilized lunar simulants created from terrestrial volcanic rock to replicate the lunar environment effectively.

Jessica Atkin with chickpeas in simulated moon dust

Michael Miller/Texas A&M AgriLife

What is the current state of your lunar agriculture research?

Atkin’s ongoing studies focus on combining fungi with compost to ascertain the optimal amount of organic material that will successfully nourish plants and microbes in lunar regolith. Remarkably, chickpeas have shown rapid germination, hinting at a potential agricultural revolution on the Moon.

What obstacles do you foresee for future lunar vegetable gardens?

The elevated radiation levels on the Moon and its gravitational differences can significantly alter plant growth, making effective lighting and optimal watering strategies crucial. This will necessitate specially designed, isolated greenhouses to protect both astronauts and plants from lunar dust.

What is your vision for the future of astronaut diets?

I believe the diet of astronauts will increasingly rely on shelf-stable and packaged foods, with legumes like chickpeas providing essential nutrients. The future could even see the introduction of lunar-grown foods like space hummus!

What culinary delights do you envision in a lunar greenhouse?

I have a soft spot for fruits, particularly strawberries, which are currently undergoing tests for growth in space. NASA is exploring various crops, including strawberries in space.

How do you feel about being dubbed the Botanist of the Moon?

While it’s a niche title, I embrace it as an opportunity in a burgeoning field, especially as NASA’s Artemis program progresses. There will be high demand for specialized roles in space agriculture.

If given the opportunity, would you establish a lunar greenhouse?

Absolutely; it’s the realization of a lifelong dream! Being part of lunar exploration and agricultural innovation is something I would cherish deeply.

Reflecting on your early inspirations, what would your grandmother think of your journey?

Even though she’s no longer with us, I know she’d be immensely proud of my achievements. Her support always motivated me, and I hope to honor her legacy through my work in astrobotany.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Moon Meteorite Captures Key Evidence of Massive Asteroid Impact

Posted on June 11, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Planetary scientists are examining a lunar meteorite known as North West Africa (NWA) 12593, uncovering crucial evidence of an asteroid impact on the moon dating back 3.5 billion years. This discovery aids in reconstructing the era of catastrophic impacts that significantly shaped the inner solar system.

XRF map of a 7.53 g slice of NWA 12593: Calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) depicting crust location and diversity. Sulfur (S) indicates cracks and surface weathering. Image credit: Crow et al., doi: 10.1130/G54386.1.

The early billions of years in Earth’s history were pivotal, giving rise to life, an atmosphere, and oceans. However, this period remains largely enigmatic, as few rocks survive that chronicle the early history of our planet.

Dynamic geological processes such as erosion, subduction, and burial continually reform surfaces, rendering older rocks increasingly rare.

This ancient era is essential for understanding our origins and the impact of catastrophic events, like asteroid collisions, on early life on Earth.

“The oldest fossil evidence of life on Earth is about 3.5 billion years old, implying that life must have appeared and evolved prior to that,” stated Dr. Carolyn Crowe, a planetary scientist from the University of Colorado Boulder.

“A critical question we explore is what kind of shock record existed when life began?”

“Understanding how life establishes itself and how it emerges is vital. The cycle of these catastrophic events is a key component of this equation.”

Through their analysis of the NWA 12593 meteorite, Dr. Crowe and colleagues identified three distinct impact events.

The first event, radiometrically dated to approximately 3.5 billion years ago, was large enough to transform the moon’s surface into a molten layer akin to a lava flow, leading to the formation of a mineral known as cubic zirconia, which forms only at extremely high temperatures.

“Cubic zirconia is typically synthesized for jewelry but cannot endure the low temperatures found on Earth and the Moon unless its cooling is meticulously controlled in a laboratory,” the researchers explained.

“Nevertheless, we managed to find traces of a cubic zirconia phase in our samples.”

The second impact event is recorded within the meteorite itself.

This event produced a type of rock called breccia, which formed after a smaller impact disrupted the molten layer from the initial event.

“Breccia resembles what you might see if you chipped away at a block of concrete,” Dr. Crowe explained.

“You can observe all these small stones fused together by cement — akin to how meteorites fusion occurs during impacts.”

“The impact led to a variety of rock fragments blending together like a concrete sidewalk.”

Evidence of the third impact is represented by meteorites found on Earth.

A more recent impact likely dislodged chunks of breccia from the Moon, setting them on a trajectory toward our planet.

The timing of the first major impact documented by NWA 12593 aligns with known impacts between Earth and Vesta, the fourth largest asteroid in the asteroid belt.

It is extraordinary for three events of similar age to be recorded, and this new discovery serves as a crucial link to a period when the solar system transitioned from frequent collisions during planet formation to sporadic impacts resulting from asteroid fragmentation.

“Such occurrences are rare, which is why we’re so enthusiastic,” Dr. Crowe remarked.

“It’s uncommon to find three records coinciding like this.”

The study was published in the journal Geology on May 12, 2026.

_____

Carolyn A. Crowe et al. Three pieces of evidence of approximately 3.7 Ga to 3.2 Ga impact events in the inner solar system. Geology published online on May 12, 2026. doi: 10.1130/G54386.1

Source: www.sci.news

Uncovering America’s True Motivation for Returning to the Moon

Posted on May 30, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

NASA’s Artemis II mission, launching in April 2026, is bringing the Moon back into the global spotlight. This successful mission featured four astronauts orbiting the Moon and safely returning to Earth, marking a pivotal step toward NASA’s ambitious objective of establishing a permanent lunar base.

For those who recall the Apollo missions of the 1960s and ’70s, a critical question arises: why are we sending humans back to the Moon?

The Vision for a First Moon Base

There are numerous scientific reasons for a lunar return, including the collection of samples that help us understand the formation of our solar system. By placing telescopes on the Moon, we can observe celestial bodies with clearer images, free from Earth’s atmospheric distortions. However, in recent years, geopolitical factors have overshadowed these scientific interests.

The U.S. decision to send humans back to the Moon is largely a strategic response to rising tensions with China, which has openly expressed its aim to develop a scientific research base on the lunar surface, accelerating its robotic and manned lunar exploration initiatives over the past two decades.

Initiated in 2017, the Artemis program is a clear reaction to these geopolitical dynamics. The United States strives to establish a permanent Moon base ahead of China, with U.S. Senator Ted Cruz characterizing this effort as the “space race of the 21st century.”

Images and footage from the Artemis II mission are captivating, yet the underlying motivations often remain unaddressed.

This geopolitical backdrop is not new, according to Dr. Priyanka Dopade, a researcher in sustainable space engineering at the University of Auckland.

“Space and geopolitics have always been intertwined,” she remarks. “What’s new is the push for a sustained human presence on the Moon, supported by companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin.”

Upper stage of NASA’s Artemis III Space Launch System rocket – Credit: NASA/MSFC

“The scientific rationale is less compelling compared to robotic exploration or projects like the Lunar Gateway, which has significant European contributions,” she adds. “However, it could facilitate scientific advancements compared to a manned moon base.”

“Funding for U.S. science missions may face cuts, and there’s potential for the complete cancellation of the Gateway program. This indicates that geopolitical and economic factors are taking precedence over scientific curiosity.”

While NASA promotes the Artemis program for its scientific merits, the driving forces behind it are territorial claims and the pursuit of lunar resources like water ice.

Dr. Becky Smethurst, an astrophysicist from Oxford University, recently acknowledged the varying motivations for the Artemis mission, highlighting captivating images of Earth from Artemis II.

“These visuals are stunning, yet they lean more towards art than scientific documentation,” she explains. “The mission’s driving force has been political and economic rather than scientific. We are, once again, engaged in a space race, with the U.S. eager to outpace China in lunar exploration.”

Chris Lee, a former chief scientist at the British Space Agency, characterized the Artemis program as “an iron geopolitical hand in a velvet glove.”

Even renowned astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, a vocal proponent of U.S. space initiatives, acknowledged in a recent CBC interview that the primary focus of this mission is to outdo China in lunar endeavors.

While he underscored the significance of Artemis II’s achievements, including sending astronauts further into space than ever before, he emphasized the unseen global challenges at play.

“Geopolitical forces are motivating these developments,” he notes. “This aspect is often overlooked.”

Chinese astronaut Wang Haoze returns to Earth after a six-month stay at the Tiangong Space Station in 2024-2025 – Credit: Getty

Ownership and the Moon’s Future

Funding the space program relies on sustained public interest, and the Artemis II mission has undoubtedly garnered this support. Yet, it has also masked ongoing debates about lunar ownership and usage rights.

According to the Outer Space Treaty, no nation can claim sovereignty over the Moon or build military bases there. Nevertheless, the U.S. recently spearheaded an agreement—signed by over 60 nations—the Artemis Accords, which is a non-binding agreement related to lunar exploration.

This accords pledges commitment to the peaceful use of the Moon and the sharing of scientific data, while also permitting resource extraction and the establishment of “safe zones” around operational areas, effectively allowing nations to exert control over certain lunar regions.

Resource extraction permissions are particularly contentious. The discovery of accessible water ice on the Moon is crucial for sustaining human life and establishing long-term bases, as this resource is essential for both drinking and fuel production.

While many would support the use of water ice by astronauts, the question of how other resources will be extracted and regulated remains unanswered.

The Moon is known to contain rare earth elements, including helium-3, useful as fuel, but the exact quantities and availability of these resources remain uncertain. There are currently no restrictions preventing private firms from mining lunar resources and returning them to Earth for profit.

The only barrier is the significant technical challenges involved in lunar landings, as seen in the limited successes of private companies like Intuitive Machines, ispace, and SpaceIL.

“There’s nothing to stop NASA, the Chinese space agency, or any commercial entity from landing on the Moon and claiming mining rights,” states Smethurst.

Besides the resources available, the Moon also holds strategic significance, serving as an ideal base for future deep space exploration, including Mars missions or Earth observation tasks. Furthermore, the far side of the Moon presents an opportunity to develop technologies shielded from surveillance.

The Moon’s potential monetary value will remain speculative until more detailed information about its resources and strategic applications is gathered. The ongoing race to the Moon currently centers around asserting rights over potentially valuable assets.

“The real question is who stands to gain from all this? Historically, government-led space exploration, even when politically driven, has yielded benefits for society through innovations like GPS during the Cold War,” notes Dopade. “However, as profit-driven commercial entities increase their involvement, concerns emerge regarding whether such innovations will serve the broader public good or merely widen existing inequalities.”

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Mathematician’s Advice: Aim High, But Don’t Shoot for the Moon

Posted on May 29, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Aim High for Greater Rewards

Buena Vista Images/Getty Images

There’s a popular saying: “If you shoot for the moon, even if you miss, you’ll land among the stars.” However, mathematicians suggest that aiming directly at the stars may yield even better results.

In life, individuals often exhibit a balance of ambition while pursuing their goals, be it a better job, finding a compatible partner, or reaching political aspirations.

Although the dynamics of this balance have not been extensively examined, many studies show that people often display a tendency to stop pursuing their goals prematurely. Researcher Thomas Hills from the University of Warwick elaborates on this phenomenon.

By utilizing a mathematical model, Matt Burgess and his colleagues at the University of Wyoming discovered that optimal outcomes in uncertain situations typically involve setting high yet realistic goals. “We can demonstrate that optimal ambition is both above average and finite: aiming high, but not to the extent of unrealistic hopes,” states Burgess.

Initially, Burgess and his team developed a statistical model to examine how individuals evaluate various outcomes based on their willingness to compromise on ambition. This led to a formula that predicts overall compensation based on individual satisfaction criteria.

The model was tested with random potential outcomes, altering factors such as the number of choices available, the ratio of bad to good outcomes, and the time and effort required to select a specific outcome. Through thousands of simulations, the researchers compared their results against real-world data sets, including college admissions and U.S. election polls.

Findings revealed that optimal results are achieved when people aim for compensation that exceeds average compensation yet falls short of maximum compensation.

While this aligned with traditional wisdom, Burgess expressed surprise at how the results shifted when scenarios were skewed towards extreme outcomes, either good or bad.

Generally, most outcomes are mediocre; however, during a significant downturn, such as a rare recession, it’s prudent to exercise caution. Surprisingly, Burgess’s team found that during such times, it’s better to be slightly more ambitious. “In scenarios like these, being a bit more ambitious than average is advisable,” he notes, as you want to avoid being discouraged by a rare bad outcome skewing your average negatively.

In similar reasoning, if a startup has one particularly lucrative outcome, such as earning $1 billion compared to zero, the approach should also be slightly more ambitious than average. Burgess shared, “Initially, the findings were so unexpected that when my colleagues first presented them, I assumed there had been a mistake.”

Hills, who was not part of the research, remarked that individuals may possess varying perspectives regarding risk versus reward. “For instance, some may prefer a stable income over a potentially ‘optimal’ but risky one,” he explains. “Additionally, certain sectors operate in a winner-take-all framework where social comparisons significantly influence the appropriateness of risk-seeking ambition.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

NASA Unveils Three Unmanned Moon Exploration Missions in 2023 to Lay Groundwork for Lunar Base Construction

Posted on May 26, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

NASA has unveiled plans for three unmanned lunar missions set to launch later this year, marking a significant step towards its long-term objective of establishing a permanent lunar base.

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These robotic lunar missions will focus on scouting potential sites at the moon’s south pole, gathering scientific data, testing advanced technologies, and laying the groundwork for the return of astronauts to the lunar surface.

“We’re not going to jump into a glass dome moon base right away,” stated NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman during Tuesday’s press briefing. “Our approach will be iterative, signaling industry demand for an array of landers, rovers, technology demonstrations, and scientific payloads these missions can accommodate.”

NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman will speak in Washington on May 19th.
Kevin Dietch/Getty Images

The upcoming lunar missions have been designated Moonbase 1, Moonbase 2, and Moonbase 3, all expected to launch by year-end. Isaacman announced that the inaugural mission is slated for this fall.

Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin will be instrumental in the first mission, having secured a NASA contract to transport two science and technology payloads to the moon using its Lunar Lander.

These three flights represent the initial phase of NASA’s comprehensive strategy to establish a moon base, which is projected to continue until 2029. Following this, between 2029 and 2032, NASA aims to develop semi-permanent infrastructure conducive to early lunar habitation.

The agency aspires to establish a sustained lunar presence by the third phase commencing in 2032. Carlos García Galán, NASA’s Moonbase program manager, remarked that the base could encompass “hundreds of square miles,” with crew rotations on the lunar surface planned for regular intervals and continuous operations.

NASA’s lunar base initiative is designed to parallel the Artemis return program. Recently, the Artemis II mission successfully sent four astronauts on a 10-day journey around Earth and the moon, the first U.S. mission to the moon in over 50 years.

Next on NASA’s agenda is the Artemis III mission, targeted for 2027, utilizing one or both lunar landers from Blue Origin and SpaceX to validate technologies in low Earth orbit. If all goes according to plan, NASA anticipates launching the Artemis IV mission to put astronauts on the lunar surface in 2028.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Newly Discovered Asteroid to Pass Closer to Earth than Moon This Monday

Posted on May 18, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Discover the fascinating world of asteroids with the Virtual Telescope Project, operated by Italy’s Bellatrix Observatory. This platform is live-streaming stunning views of asteroids, including exciting flybys.

While many smaller asteroids zoom past Earth unobserved, some create spectacular displays, streaking through our atmosphere as bright fireballs.

The Chelyabinsk meteor, which impacted Russia in 2013, is the largest known space rock to enter Earth’s atmosphere. Its explosion caused significant damage, shattering windows and affecting the Chelyabinsk region.

The tremendous energy of the explosion was equivalent to 30 times that of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, according to NASA. The Chelyabinsk meteor weighed around 11,000 tons and had a diameter of roughly 59 feet, making it slightly smaller than asteroid 2026 JH2, though the latter’s precise dimensions are still being determined.

Astronomers leverage a network of ground and space-based telescopes to keep tabs on asteroids and comets that may approach Earth. NASA’s Near Earth Observation Program plays a key role in identifying potentially hazardous asteroids and analyzing their orbits to assess any risks.

One asteroid currently under close scrutiny is Apophis, anticipated to approach Earth even more closely than asteroid 2026 JH2 in the years ahead.

Spanning approximately 1,200 feet in diameter, asteroid Apophis is projected to come within 20,000 miles of Earth on April 13, 2029.

NASA’s OSIRIS-APEX spacecraft is set to rendezvous with Apophis in June 2029 to investigate how Earth’s gravitational influence affects the orbits and physical characteristics of such space rocks. This mission follows the groundbreaking OSIRIS-REx mission, which returned the first-ever asteroid samples to Earth in 2023.

Having been in space since its launch in 2016, the OSIRIS-APEX mission faces potential budget cuts under the fiscal year 2027 proposal from the Trump administration. If these cuts proceed, OSIRIS-APEX could be among over 50 NASA missions slated for cancellation.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Juno Discovers Rare Close-Up of Jupiter’s Shadow Moon Thebes

Posted on May 7, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

NASA’s Juno spacecraft has unveiled a stunning, new view of the irregular moon Thebes during a flyby on May 1, 2026, showcasing a battered world from just 5,000 kilometers away.

Thebes moon captured by Juno during a flyby on May 1, 2026. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech.

Thebes is a small, irregularly shaped moon of Jupiter, measuring approximately 116 x 98 x 84 km, with an average radius of about 49 km.

It ranks as the second largest of Jupiter’s inner moons and the seventh largest among all moons in the Jupiter system.

Discovered by astronomer Stephen Synnott in 1979 using images from NASA’s Voyager 1 spacecraft, Thebes orbits Jupiter at an average distance of about 221,900 km, well within the orbit of Io, the innermost Galilean moon of Jupiter. The moon completes one orbit in roughly 16.1 hours.

Like many of Jupiter’s inner moons, Thebes is tidally locked, so the same side always faces Jupiter.

Thebes features a heavily cratered surface with a dark reddish hue, and its most notable characteristic is the large impact crater Zethos, named after the mythical twins of Thebes.

Moreover, Thebes is a crucial contributor to the Spiraea rings, one of the faint outer rings of Jupiter’s ring system. Impacts from micrometeorites eject dust from its surface, forming a diffuse ring along Thebes’ orbit.

“Thebes is located at the outer edge of Jupiter’s faint ring system and is believed to play a significant role in the formation of Jupiter’s ‘Similarian’ rings through dust ejection,” stated NASA scientists.

The latest imagery of Thebes was acquired by the Stellar Reference Unit (SRU) aboard the Juno spacecraft, captured from a distance of about 5,000 km.

“Though the SRU’s primary purpose is navigating the starry sky, its exceptional sensitivity under low-light conditions also makes it a highly effective secondary scientific instrument,” the researchers noted.

“The SRU has previously been instrumental in discovering ‘shallow lightning’ in Jupiter’s atmosphere and imaging Jupiter’s intricate ring system.”

Source: www.sci.news

Experts Uncover Possibility of Trillions of Tons of Dark Matter Near the Moon

Posted on April 29, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Astronomers have amassed compelling evidence indicating that 80 percent of all matter in the universe is composed of dark matter, an invisible substance that holds galaxies together and impacts their rotation.

The large-scale structure of the universe and measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) further support the presence of an undetermined entity saturating the cosmos.

While there is substantial evidence that dark matter forms extensive halos around galaxies and star clusters, and is relatively sparse in expansive “voids”, there is no basis to dismiss the existence of dark matter in proximity to Earth.

In fact, one study indicates that approximately 24 trillion tons of dark matter exist between the Earth and the Moon. The validity of this claim is still under investigation.

This article addresses a question from Charles Adcock: “Is it possible that dark matter exists around the Earth, but remains undetectable?”

If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to us at: questions@sciencefocus.com or message us on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram (please include your name and location).

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Artemis II Mission: Key Insights for Designing Future Moon Bases

Posted on April 24, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

In a groundbreaking announcement, Isaacman revealed that NASA has decided to abandon its plans for a lunar orbit space station. Instead, the agency will invest $20 billion in constructing a base on the moon’s surface, utilizing components from the now-canceled space station.

This revelation follows a major update to NASA’s Artemis moon return program made in February, aiming to expedite the timeline for launches as the agency targets a lunar landing in 2028.

The revised strategy includes introducing the Artemis III mission in mid-2027. This mission will test critical rendezvous and docking technologies with lunar landers being developed by SpaceX and Blue Origin within low Earth orbit. If successful, the Artemis IV mission is set to follow, marking the return of astronauts to the moon. The mission will involve a commercially-developed vehicle docking with the Orion spacecraft to facilitate the lunar landing.

“If any issues arise, our goal is to return to sea within hours rather than days,” said Isaacman regarding the Artemis III test flight. “The insights we gain will be invaluable for Artemis IV in 2028, where we aim to land astronauts on the moon while concurrently constructing a lunar base.”

Williams, who is set to retire from NASA in December 2025, emphasized the importance of the International Space Station (ISS) as a vital testing ground for future long-duration lunar missions.

“Since humans have been aboard the ISS since 2000, we’ve gained extensive knowledge,” Williams stated. She noted that long-term stays in these orbiting laboratories have taught NASA how to combat the adverse effects of microgravity on the human body through exercise and nutrition.

“Our research aboard the space station spans stem cell studies, DNA sequencing, and innovations in engineering, manufacturing, and biomedical engineering,” she added. “The ISS has equipped us with numerous technologies that will be crucial for our extended presence on the moon.”

With a wealth of experience in long-term space missions, Williams has completed three trips to the ISS, totaling 608 days in space. Her most recent journey occurred last year when she and NASA astronaut Butch Wilmore unexpectedly spent over nine months at the ISS due to complications during a test flight of Boeing’s Starliner capsule.

When asked about their willingness to participate in a lunar trip if the opportunity arose, both Williams and Isaacman expressed enthusiasm.

“I believe our response would be unanimous,” Isaacman said with excitement. “Yes!”

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How Many Dachshunds Would It Take to Travel to the Moon?

Posted on April 24, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

New Scientist - Your go-to source for the latest in science news, technology advancements, health updates, and environmental issues.

Feedback is New Scientist. As a popular platform for those keen on the latest in science and technology, we welcome your insights. To share feedback on topics that interest our readers, please contact us at feedback@newscientist.com.

Moon Wandering

The Artemis II mission recently made headlines as its crew successfully orbited the Moon and returned to Earth. This mission has sparked a variety of discussions—some lighthearted, others intriguing.

Notably, Artemis II achieved a record distance of 406,771 kilometers from Earth—an unprecedented journey. Reader Helen von den Steinen humorously noted the “quirky units of measurement” used in the U.S., sharing a comparison to dachshunds to illustrate this vast distance.

“Lining up 22-inch dachshunds nose to tail would require nearly 728 million well-behaved dogs,” she reported, clarifying that there are only about 900 million dogs globally.

Taking it a step further, the discussion turned to the length of time necessary for a dachshund to walk that distance. “At a brisk pace of 3 miles per hour, it would take over 84,000 hours—equivalent to nearly a decade of walking,” they concluded, even considering constructing “a chain of 2.37 billion Nathan’s Famous hot dogs” to span the distance.

Helen praised the transition between the ‘live dog’ and the ‘hot dog’ as an entertaining comparison. Feedback continues to explore the variability in dachshund sizes and whether that impacts such measurements. Additionally, it was suggested to start with familiar structures like San Francisco’s Golden Gate Bridge to explain monumental distances more effectively.

We also noticed discussions online questioning the authenticity of Artemis II, with some speculating that the crew may have merely been “isolated in a luxury hotel” during the whole mission, as humorously insinuated by screenwriter James Delingpole.

Shifting topics, reader Richard Simmons revisited a prior discussion on the Moon’s composition. He humorously theorized about the Moon being made of cheese, eventually settling on Ceres-sur-Cher, a French cheese that, according to Richard, mirrors the Moon’s surface in color and texture.

Lots of Marathons

In a previous exchange about the term “shed load,” reader F. Ian Lamb introduced “intrinsic relative scaling units,” or ERS units. This concept suggests that such measurements are dependent on context and perception.

Reader Andrew Winkley elaborated on the idea of marathons. While the official distance of a marathon is 42.195 kilometers (26.22 miles), as established in the 1920s, it has broader implications beyond running. Terms like “24-hour dance marathon” or “marathon study session” show that the notion of a marathon can be subjective and activity-dependent.

Declassified Insights

The limitations of AI are well recognized, and informed users are mindful about its applications. A recent study by reporter Matthew Sparks revealed an intriguing use of AI for classifying government documents. The paper, titled Search Advanced Classification for Confidential Documents, discusses the labor-intensive nature of document categorization.

The researchers tested their AI model on U.S. diplomatic cables previously released by WikiLeaks, achieving a 96% accuracy rate in categorizing them as “unclassified” or “classified.”

However, Matt raised crucial concerns: a 96% accuracy rate translates to a potential leak of 4% of top-secret information. Feedback poses important questions regarding AI’s performance compared to skilled humans and the potential biases in classification, especially regarding government documents.

In closing, the use of AI for sensitive classifications raises essential discussions around the balance of efficiency and security.

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Artemis II Astronaut Celebrates Joyful Return to Earth After NASA’s Moon Mission

Posted on April 17, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Nearly a week has passed since the four astronauts of the Artemis II mission returned from their historic lunar journey, yet the crew members shared on Thursday that they are still mentally processing the experience and reflecting on its significant moments.

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“We haven’t had much time to process everything,” NASA astronaut Victor Glover told NBC News when asked about the intense moments during the Orion capsule’s re-entry through Earth’s atmosphere, traveling at over 24,000 miles per hour.

“It was a very intense moment; we had never experienced anything like it before. Every sound, every mechanism was critical,” Glover remarked.

Glover, alongside NASA astronauts Reed Wiseman, Christina Koch, and Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen, were the first crew to launch aboard NASA’s Space Launch System rocket and Orion capsule. Tensions surged during the final descent due to a known design flaw in the spacecraft’s heat shield, which NASA continues to evaluate and investigate.

“You could see we were surrounded by fire,” Glover described the plasma as they entered the atmosphere. His initial thought was, “Is it supposed to be that large?”

When the hatch opened amidst a splash, Koch expressed feeling “completely overwhelmed.”

“I just screamed with joy,” she recalled. “It was pure elation—an indescribable joy to be home and welcomed by our team.”

NASA’s Artemis II crew members Reed Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch, and Jeremy Hansen during a press conference in Houston on Thursday.
Ashley Landis/Associated Press

The Artemis II mission marked numerous milestones. Wiseman, Koch, Glover, and Hansen became the first humans to visually encounter the far side of the Moon and witness a solar eclipse from lunar orbit. They also set a record for the longest distance ever traveled away from Earth.

During their lunar journey, the astronauts captured breathtaking images of the Moon’s cratered landscapes and rugged surface, including spectacular solar eclipses.

“When the sun disappeared behind the moon, I turned to Victor and remarked, ‘I don’t believe humans can truly comprehend what we are witnessing right now; it was like being in another realm,'” Wiseman said at a NASA briefing on Thursday.

Among their high-profile moments was when Hansen informed NASA’s Johnson Space Center mission controllers on April 6 that the crew wished to honor their journey by naming two lunar craters.

The astronauts proposed naming one crater “Integrity,” inspired by their Orion spacecraft, and suggested the second crater be named “Carol,” after Wiseman’s late wife who succumbed to cancer in 2020.

Wiseman stated that the dedication was a collective decision made by the crew, with Hansen bringing the idea to him before the launch.

“He said, ‘The three of us discussed it… We believe we can actually do this with the science team,’ Wiseman shared with NBC News.

“Hearing that was the most beautiful sound I’d ever experienced. She was a remarkable individual, the mother of my two daughters, and no one else on Earth deserves such a thoughtful, caring tribute more than she does,” he expressed.

At a NASA press conference, both Wiseman and Glover revealed that since returning, they’ve been engaged in extensive medical evaluations and debriefings with the Artemis II science team.

“We haven’t had the chance to decompress fully,” Wiseman admitted. “There hasn’t been time for deep reflection.”

Immediately following their splashdown, the astronauts were transported to a U.S. Navy ship for medical checks. There, Wiseman requested a visit from the ship’s chaplain, despite not being religious.

“Upon his arrival, I burst into tears the moment I saw the cross on his collar. I had never encountered him before. It’s challenging to fully grasp what we just experienced,” Wiseman remarked during a NASA briefing.

After covering over 695,000 miles during their mission, all four astronauts expressed their gratitude for being reunited with their families.

“In that moment, there was so much anticipation,” Koch shared with NBC News, recalling how he had been thinking about his family from the mission’s outset.

However, readjusting after returning to Earth took some time.

“For the first few days, I felt like I was floating upon waking up; it was surreal and I had to remind myself I wasn’t,” Koch shared during a NASA briefing.

Initially, the astronauts found themselves sleeping close together behind a curtain in the Navy ship’s medical bay, a strange contrast to their spatial arrangements in orbit.

“I requested for the curtains to be opened, but I fell asleep before it could happen,” Hansen recalled.

The crew had no idea their journeys and personal narratives would garner so much attention during the mission.

“I’ve discussed with my family, and they’ve conveyed to me that there has been an impact,” Koch revealed at a NASA briefing. “When my husband looked at me during a video call and said, ‘You’ve truly changed,’ I felt tears streaming down my face. That was our ultimate goal.”

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Artemis II Astronauts Discuss Their Role in the Groundbreaking Moon Mission

Posted on April 12, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

The four astronauts of Artemis II expressed on Saturday their deep connection, stating they are “forever bonded” in their first public address after NASA’s long-awaited return to the moon, marking over 50 years since the last mission.

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Commander Reed Wiseman, alongside mission specialists Christina Koch and Jeremy Hansen, and pilot Victor Glover, received a warm welcome at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.

“We are forever bound together. No one here will ever know what the four of us went through. It was the most special thing that will ever happen in my life,” stated Wiseman.

Wiseman further remarked, “Before launch, it felt like the biggest dream on Earth, but once you’re out there, you yearn to return home to your family and friends. It’s special to be human, and it’s special to be on this planet.”

These astronauts successfully returned to Earth after a 10-day journey around the moon, landing safely in the Pacific Ocean off San Diego aboard the Orion capsule.

Completing this historic mission, they became the first humans to witness the far side of the Moon—an area that remains permanently hidden from Earth.

Glover expressed, “Even bigger than the challenge of explaining our experience is the gratitude for what we saw, what we accomplished, and being with the incredible people on this journey.”

Koch emphasized the significance of a crew that is “beautifully, inevitably, and faithfully bound together.”

Reflecting on their views of Earth, she noted, “The Earth was just a lifeboat suspended in the vastness of space,” pausing emotionally.

“I may not have absorbed all the lessons this journey offers, but one thing’s clear: Planet Earth and you are our crew,” she added.

When it was Hansen’s turn to address the crowd, the Canadian astronaut lightheartedly quipped, “This is the furthest I’ve been from a lead in a long time.”

Hansen shared his feelings of gratitude, joy, and love, inviting the crew to link arms and discuss their shared affection.

“What you witnessed was a group of individuals passionate about contributing and deriving joy from our efforts. That was a unique experience for all of you,” Hansen remarked.

He further added, “When you look at us, you’re not just gazing at astronauts; we’re a reflection of you. If you admire what you see, delve deeper. This is you.”

The Artemis II crew set a new record for the farthest distance traveled by humans from Earth, covering 252,756 miles, surpassing Apollo 13’s previous record of 248,655 miles from 1970.

Additionally, they achieved multiple historical milestones: Koch became the first woman, Glover the first person of color, and Hansen the first non-American to explore the moon.

This remarkable team was also the first to launch aboard NASA’s Space Launch System rocket and Orion capsule.

The astronauts captured stunning images of the Moon’s far side, which have graced newspaper covers nationwide, showcasing uncharted lunar features like rugged terrains, craters, ridges, mountains, and ancient lava plains.

NASA stated that these remarkable images will aid researchers in understanding lunar formation and the evolution of its landscape.

Looking ahead, NASA intends to launch its next mission, Artemis III, in mid-2027, with plans to land astronauts on the lunar surface in 2028 during Artemis IV.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Artemis II Astronauts Return: NASA’s Historic Moon Mission Concludes

Posted on April 11, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere presents significant challenges, particularly for spacecraft capsules that encounter extreme temperatures of approximately 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit. The Artemis II mission faces heightened risks due to known design flaws in the Orion heat shield.

During the 2022 unmanned Artemis I test flight, NASA identified cracks in the heat shield material upon reentry, which resulted in “charred material flaking off in various locations.” To enhance safety for the Artemis II astronauts, NASA adjusted the capsule’s entry trajectory to a steeper angle and faster descent, reducing exposure time to the harshest temperature conditions.

Following the Orion capsule’s arrival at NASA Kennedy Space Center in Florida, a comprehensive analysis will be conducted to assess the heat shield’s performance in the coming days.

Amit Kshatriya, NASA’s Associate Administrator, emphasized that the Artemis II mission is a pivotal step towards NASA’s objective of returning humans to the moon on future Artemis flights.

NASA plans to launch its next mission, Artemis III, around mid-2027, and will carry out technology demonstrations in low Earth orbit using one or both lunar landers developed by SpaceX or Blue Origin. The Artemis IV mission is scheduled for a lunar landing in 2028.

“The path to the moon is clear, but the tasks ahead are far more crucial than those that follow,” Kshatriya stated. “This has always been the case. Fifty-three years ago, humans departed from the moon. This time, we’re set to return.”

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Source: www.nbcnews.com

NASA’s Artemis II Mission Unveils Stunning Close-Up Photos of the Moon

Posted on April 7, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

For the first time, humanity has witnessed the far side of the moon with their own eyes, as stunning new photos are being unveiled.

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In the most eagerly awaited moment of the Artemis II mission, four astronauts orbited the moon on Monday, capturing breathtaking photos and making meticulous observations from the Orion spacecraft.

NASA astronauts Reed Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch, and Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen took countless pictures of the moon’s rugged landscape, vast impact craters, and dark plains.

The first newly released photo, shared by the White House on X Tuesday morning, depicts an “Earthset” taken from the far side of the moon, as the Earth fades from view.

This captivating image serves as a modern reinterpretation of the iconic “Earthrise” photograph captured during the Apollo 8 mission in 1968. Unlike Apollo 8’s images, which showed the Earth coming back into view, this new photo captures the Earth as it disappears behind the moon.

The famous “Earthrise” photo was taken on December 24, 1968, during Apollo 8.
William Anders / NASA

The White House also released stunning new photographs taken by Artemis II astronauts of a solar eclipse from space. This extraordinary event occurred Monday evening as the sun slipped behind the moon during the mission’s several-hour lunar flight.

Astronauts became the first humans to witness a solar eclipse from the moon. This groundbreaking image captures the dark moon with the sun’s outer atmosphere, the corona, glowing around its edges.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Artemis II Astronauts Complete Historic Lunar Flyby: Journey Around the Moon

Posted on April 7, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

The moon’s near side is visible to the right, marked by distinct dark patches, while the far side remains unseen from Earth.

NASA

Moon's Surface — The moon’s near side is visible to the right, marked by distinct dark patches, while the far side remains unseen from Earth.

NASA

In a historic event, humans have returned to the moon for the first time since Apollo 17 in 1972. On April 6, four astronauts from NASA’s Artemis II mission circled the far side of the moon, reaching unprecedented distances from Earth.

Mission Commander Reed Wiseman emphasized that this journey marks a significant beginning, surpassing Apollo 13’s record of 400,171 kilometers set in 1970. “Let’s inspire this generation and the next to ensure this distance record is challenged,” he stated during a NASA livestream. During the mission, the Artemis team proposed naming two newly discovered craters: “Integrity,” after the Orion capsule, and “Carol,” in honor of Wiseman’s late wife.

Throughout the flyby, the astronauts engaged in both window-side observations and cabin communications with mission control in Houston, Texas. The crew comprises NASA astronauts Wiseman, Christina Koch, and Victor Glover, alongside Canadian Space Agency astronaut Jeremy Hansen.

As Orion orbited behind the moon, the sun appeared smaller in the sky, culminating in a rare solar eclipse not observable from Earth. The astronauts donned eclipse glasses to view the sun and witness its corona, potentially allowing them to capture unprecedented lunar details free from atmospheric interference.

Artemis astronauts experienced an extraordinary solar eclipse.

NASA

The astronauts captured stunning details of the lunar surface, showcasing its vibrant color diversity. While the moon appears gray from Earth, close-up observations reveal hues of green, brown, and even orange, attributed to chemical changes in the lunar soil. “The rapid transformations of the Earth as we orbit the moon are breathtaking,” Hansen noted.

As they orbited the Moon, the crew observed previously unseen regions. They took special interest in the Terminator—the boundary separating day from night—where deep shadows accentuate the landscape’s features. “The visual magic of the Terminator, with its bright islands and dark valleys, is captivating,” Glover remarked.

The astronauts expressed deep emotions witnessing the moon’s diverse terrain up close, imagining what it would be like to traverse its surface. “The moon is a real entity in the universe, not merely a distant poster in the sky,” Koch stated.

NASA astronaut Reed Wiseman took this breathtaking photo of Earth from the Orion spacecraft.

NASA/Reed Wiseman

The Orion capsule reached its closest point to the lunar surface, approximately 6,545 kilometers away. This milestone will stand until the Artemis IV mission, which plans a landing in 2028.

As Orion returns to Earth, expected on April 10, the astronauts will splash down in the Pacific Ocean off California’s coast. Following their return, the team will analyze notes, photos, and scientific findings in preparation for advancing the Artemis program.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

22 Astonishing Facts You Didn’t Know About NASA’s Artemis II Moon Mission

Posted on April 4, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

As NASA’s Artemis II mission prepares on the launch pad, humanity’s return to the moon for the first time since 1972 is just around the corner.

The mission features four astronauts: NASA commander Reed Wiseman, pilot Victor Glover, mission specialist Christina Koch, and Canadian Space Agency’s Jeremy Hansen. They will orbit the moon for 10 days before returning safely to Earth.

Launched in 2017, the Artemis mission aims to return humans to the moon, including the first woman and the first person of color.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaJklsJonD4" title="Artemis II Mission Overview

If successful, the next mission, Artemis III, aims to land two astronauts on the moon as early as 2028.

The Artemis II launch window is set from April 1st to April 6th. While you await the launch, explore these 22 astonishing facts about Artemis II.

The Artemis II crew stands ready. From left: Backup crew Andre Douglas (NASA) and Jenny Gibbons (CSA), primary crew Victor Glover, Reed Wiseman, Jeremy Hansen, Christina Koch – Credit: NASA – Photo by NASA

1. Unique Historical Artifacts Will Accompany the Mission

Artemis II will carry a 1-inch square of fabric from the Wright Brothers’ first powered flight in 1903, and the American flag flown during both the inaugural and final Space Shuttle missions, as well as during the first crewed Crew Dragon test.

A flag intended for the cancelled Apollo 18 mission will finally visit the moon after half a century. Additionally, memory cards with millions of names will also be part of this mission.

2. Artemis II Is Almost as Tall as Big Ben

Standing at 98 meters (322 feet), NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) rocket surpasses Big Ben by 2 meters (7 feet). When fully fueled, the rocket weighs 2,600 tons (5.76 million pounds), but Big Ben is estimated to weigh around 13,700 tons (30 million pounds).

Astronauts aboard the Orion crew capsule journey towards the moon – Credit: ESA

3. The Crew Will Travel Farther than Any Humans Before

Artemis II’s flight path will reach approximately 402,000 km (250,000 miles) from Earth, breaking the Apollo 13 record of 400,171 km (248,655 miles). The total distance traveled will exceed 1 million kilometers (620,000 miles), equivalent to driving across the U.S. coast-to-coast over 200 times.

4. Fastest Return for Astronauts in 50 Years

Upon re-entry, the crew will reach speeds of around 40,000 km/h (25,000 mph), potentially breaking the Apollo 10 record of 39,938 km/h (24,816 mph).

The interior of the Orion capsule, which allows for versatile space usage – Credit: NASA

5. Crew Will Experience Life in Limited Space

The four-person crew will utilize the Orion multipurpose crew vehicle where they will work, eat, and rest in a compact area. A designated “hygiene bay” offers some privacy.

6. No More Drinking Recycled Urine

While on the ISS, astronauts recycle urine, but on Artemis II, the crew will dispose of urine in space. Solid waste will be stored for disposal upon return.

7. Rockets Consume a Massive Amount of Fuel

The SLS’s solid booster rockets burn six tons of propellant every second, producing more thrust than 14 jumbo jets. The core stage will consume 2.8 million liters (733,000 gallons) of liquid hydrogen and oxygen.

In total, the rocket generates 8.8 million pounds of thrust in the eight minutes required to reach orbit.

The recovery team will inspect the capsule for damage post-mission, similar to Artemis I – Credit: NASA

8. Intense Heat During Reentry

As the spacecraft enters Earth’s atmosphere, temperatures outside will soar to around 2,750°C (5,000°F), about half the sun’s surface temperature. The heat shield will protect the crew and maintain a comfortable cabin temperature.

9. None of the Crew Were Alive During the Last Moon Landing

The oldest crew member, Reed Wiseman, was born in 1975, three years after Eugene Cernan’s final Apollo 17 moonwalk.

10. Rocket Engines Have Historic Roots

NAVY reused the shuttle engines in SLS’s orange core stage, ensuring cost-effectiveness with various components dating back to the first Space Shuttle mission in 1981.

Jeremy Hansen and his crew trained in Iceland’s Vatnajökull National Park to simulate lunar conditions – Credit: NASA/Robert Markowitz

11. First Non-American Astronaut to Travel to the Moon

Although selected as a Canadian astronaut in 2009, this will be Jeremy Hansen’s first space mission, following 17 years of training and practice.

12. First Glimpses of Unseen Moon Areas

The crew will explore the far side of the moon and the south pole, locations never witnessed by humans before.

The moon will seem like a basketball at arm’s length and can be surveyed in just three hours.

13. Christina Koch: First Woman on the Moon

With 328 days in space, Christina Koch, the most experienced crew member, will break barriers as she becomes the first woman to approach the moon.

Christina Koch completed over 42 hours in spacewalks, including the first all-female spacewalk – Credit: NASA

14. Free Return Orbit Similar to Apollo 13

After two days in orbit, Artemis II will execute a “free return orbit,” utilizing lunar and Earth gravity to return home, a crucial strategy that saved Apollo 13.

https://c02.purpledshub.com/uploads/sites/41/2026/03/jsc2025m000169_Artemis_II_Mission_Map_720.mp4

The mission will cover over 1 million kilometers to and from the moon. Video credit: NASA/JSC/Goddard

15. Crew Practices “Parking” Maneuvers in Space

Once separated from the final rocket stage, the Orion module will conduct an automatic backflip, allowing the crew to practice maneuvering close to their target for future docking.

16. Pilot Victor Glover: A Historic First

Victor Glover, a seasoned pilot and former test pilot, will become the first person of color to travel to the moon, continuing to make history on his missions.

Victor Glover joined NASA’s astronaut corps in 2013 and previously flew to the ISS – Credit: NASA

17. Modern Space Cuisine

Crew members enjoy a diverse menu on Artemis II, including chicken curry and shrimp cocktail, all designed to avoid crumbs that could disrupt sensitive equipment.

18. Reed Wiseman: An Experienced Photographer of Earth

During his 165 days on the ISS, Wiseman captured thousands of stunning images of Earth, and he will have the opportunity to photograph the moon in detail.

Wiseman and his adopted mascot Giraphiti during the 2014 ISS mission – Credit: NASA

19. High-Speed Laser Communications

Artemis II will feature an advanced optical communication system using lasers, significantly enhancing data transmission speeds, crucial for future deep space missions like Mars.

20. Gym Equipment on the Moon

To combat muscle and bone atrophy in microgravity, astronauts will utilize an exercise “flywheel” daily, offering resistance for effective workouts.

21. Radiation Challenges Ahead

Beyond Earth’s magnetic field, Artemis II faces radiation challenges. The mission will include “organ-on-a-chip” devices to study cellular responses during the journey.

22. Completing the Cycle with Special Soil

Artemis II will transport soil from ten trees that grew from seeds flown on Artemis 1, finalizing the cycle of lunar exploration and growth.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Stunning Earth Photos Captured During the Historic Artemis II Moon Mission

Posted on April 4, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

NASA has unveiled stunning images of Earth taken by the Artemis II mission, as the crew continues their historic journey towards the Moon.

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The image captures Earth behind the Orion spacecraft, with our planet beautifully illuminated by the aurora borealis.

One remarkable photo taken by Artemis II commander Reed Wiseman from Orion’s window shows Earth backlit, with the aurora borealis visible in the upper right and lower left corners. This was confirmed by NASA Artemis program deputy director LaKeisha Hawkins during a press conference on Friday.

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Source: www.nbcnews.com

Artemis II: 21 Stunning Images from the Historic Moon Mission Launch

Posted on April 3, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

And then there’s liftoff! The Artemis II rocket roared into space, marking NASA’s first manned mission to the moon in over 50 years.

The four-member crew includes Captain Reed Wiseman, pilot Victor Glover, NASA mission specialist Christina Koch, and Jeremy Hansen from the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). They launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, at 6:35 PM local time (11:35 PM UK time).

https://c02.purpledshub.com/uploads/sites/41/2026/04/Artemis-2-launch.mp4

Watch the Artemis II launch into space.

Their 10-day journey will orbit the far side of the moon and return. Although Artemis II won’t land on the moon, it serves as a crucial dry run to validate the Orion spacecraft and its life support systems under real deep space conditions. If successful, Artemis III is set to follow, with Artemis IV planning to land two astronauts on the moon as early as 2028.

The mission unfolds in several well-structured stages. The first day involves testing Orion’s capability in space. On the second day, a critical event termed “menstrual injection combustion” will ignite the main engine to propel Orion towards the moon.

The spacecraft is expected to enter the moon’s gravitational influence on the fifth day, reaching its closest approach by the sixth day (April 6).

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Photo courtesy: ESA

The second European Service Module (ESM-2), constructed by Airbus for the European Space Agency, will provide propulsion, electrical power, and life support systems to the Orion crew during their voyage. Construction of this module began in 2017 through collaboration with 10 European countries.

From left: backup crew members Andre Douglas (NASA) and Jenny Gibbons (CSA), along with Artemis II primary crew members Victor Glover, Reed Wiseman, Jeremy Hansen (CSA), and Christina Koch, pictured alongside NASA’s Space Launch System rocket and Orion spacecraft.

After completing their pre-launch quarantine, the astronauts adhered their mission patches to the walls of the Neil Armstrong Operations Checkout Building at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center—a tradition for all manned space missions.

This aerial photograph captures the Artemis II SLS rocket taken on January 20, 2026. Standing at 98 meters (322 feet), the SLS is the most powerful rocket ever developed by NASA.

Prior to embarking on this historic mission, the crew had to complete a leak test on their specially designed spacesuits, which are essential for astronaut survival during launch and reentry. These vibrant orange suits enhance visibility post-landing, are fire-resistant, and are equipped with a pressurized layer for mobility.

The Artemis II crew made their way to the launch pad on April 1, 2026. Victor Glover is the first person of color, Christina Koch is the first woman, and Jeremy Hansen is the first non-American to orbit the moon. Reid Wiseman (second from right) serves as the mission commander.

The crew journeyed via two sets of elevators to reach their capsule, moving first to the “zero deck” on a mobile launch tower and then ascending to the crew access level, positioned 83.5 meters (274 feet) above ground. Each astronaut carried a green bag with essentials including helmets, gloves, and personal items.

The Artemis II SLS rocket lifted off on April 1, 2026, at 6:35 PM local time (11:35 PM UK time), powered by twin solid rocket boosters and four RS-25 engines generating a combined thrust of 8.8 million pounds.

Officials from the Canadian Space Agency’s offices in Longueuil, near Montreal, watched anxiously as Artemis II soared into the Florida skies. With Jeremy Hansen onboard, they emphatically exclaimed, “We’re going to the moon!”

Globally, eyes were riveted on this pivotal moment in 21st-century space exploration.

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Two young spectators were seen clutching toy rockets at the viewing area of the A-Max Brewer Bridge in Titusville, Florida. Today’s youth may become the astronauts of tomorrow, driving ambitious missions to Mars and beyond.

The Stars and Stripes and the Artemis mission banner were prominently displayed as the astronauts embarked on their daring 10-day mission.

Notable guests, including members of the Trump family, attended to witness the historic launch.

The Artemis II SLS rocket ascended from the Kennedy Space Center, leaving behind a trail of fire and exhaust.

This launch followed months of delays due to hydrogen leaks, helium flow issues, and a last-minute failure of the flight termination system, all of which were resolved just one hour before liftoff.

The rocket’s trajectory was not perfectly vertical; within moments, it tilted to use “gravitational rotation,” optimizing its ascending orbit for fuel efficiency.

Charlie Blackwell Thompson serves as the Artemis Launch Director for NASA’s Exploration Ground Systems Program.

This launch signifies the dawn of a new era in space travel. NASA and other space agencies are gearing up to establish a permanent base on the moon in the years to come.

The Artemis mission patch floated around the International Space Station just two days prior to launch. NASA astronaut Jessica Meir shared the moment on X: “Our work at @Space_Station has laid the groundwork for further exploration as we prepare to return humans to the moon this week. Stay tuned as we enter the @NASAArtemis era! We’ll be closely Monitoring Expedition 74. Godspeed, Artemis II!”

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Artemis II Astronauts Share Their Journey to the Moon: A Behind-the-Scenes Look at Rocketing into Space

Posted on April 3, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

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Artemis II Astronauts Gear Up for Moon Mission After Overcoming Toilet and Email Challenges

Posted on April 2, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

“The aircraft itself had no issues,” stated NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman during a post-launch press conference on Wednesday. “We have re-established communications with the crew and are actively addressing this challenge.”

Crew members noted that a fault light was triggered while testing the ship’s toilets on Wednesday.

The Orion capsule features the Universal Waste Management System for its toilets, designed to drain urine into space while storing feces for crew return. A privacy door enhances comfort during use. A similar system has been tested aboard the International Space Station.

Mission managers collaborated with the astronauts overnight to troubleshoot this problem, and early Thursday, NASA confirmed that the crew successfully resolved the issue. You can read more about the toilet’s restoration.

If the issue hadn’t been resolved, the backup plan involved the use of a “collapsible emergency urinal” for urine collection in bags, while toilets would still be operational for fecal storage.

Earth’s horizon as observed from NASA’s Orion spacecraft during the initial hours of the Artemis II mission.NASA Youtube

Another relatable issue for many on Earth arose when the astronauts asked for technical assistance with their computers. The culprit? Microsoft Outlook.

“I also have two versions of Microsoft Outlook, and neither one was functioning,” remarked mission commander Wiseman, who transmitted this discovery via radio to ground control.

Ultimately, mission controllers managed to access the computers remotely, successfully restoring Outlook functionality for the astronauts.

An over-the-shoulder view of NASA astronaut Victor Glover (left) and mission commander Reid Wiseman (right) within the Orion spacecraft.NASA

These initial glitches were swiftly adjusted, leading to an important milestone for the Artemis II astronauts on the mission’s second day.

After replenishing their energy, the astronauts received a wake-up call on Thursday at 2:35 p.m. ET. They were greeted by John Legend’s “Green Light” and encouraging messages from NASA team members who supported their journey. Glover expressed gratitude for their uplifting words.

Less than two hours post-wakeup, mission managers in Houston convened to discuss the feasibility of executing a critical engine burn to position the Orion capsule into lunar orbit.

The decision was a resounding “go.”

This pivotal maneuver, known as the “lunar insertion burn,” is scheduled for 7:49 p.m. ET and will last just under six minutes. The main engine of Orion will ignite, propelling the capsule out of Earth’s orbit.

A stunning view of Earth as seen from NASA’s Orion spacecraft in orbit.NASA

The Artemis II mission’s spaceflight heavily depends on gravitational forces from both the Earth and the Moon, making this upcoming engine burn crucial. This will be the last major maneuver of this nature during the mission; once executed, the astronauts will embark on a one-way journey around the Moon.

“Flight controllers will monitor engine performance, guidance, and navigation data closely throughout this maneuver to ensure Orion is precisely targeted for its outbound journey,” NASA officials mentioned in a blog update.

If all goes smoothly, the Artemis II astronauts will make history as the first crew to journey to the Moon since Apollo 17 in 1972.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Last Man on the Moon Shares Insights on Apollo Experience and Artemis II Mission

Posted on April 2, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

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Florida Buzzes with Anticipation for NASA’s Artemis II Moon Launch: A Must-See Event

Posted on April 2, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

The highly anticipated Artemis II event will mark the family’s first opportunity to witness a rocket launch in person. Aaron plans to drive to Titusville, searching for a less crowded viewing spot for optimal viewing.

The surge of tourists flocking to central Florida is a significant boost for the local economy, although heavy traffic remains a challenge.

Beachfront hotels have been fully booked for weeks, if not months. Many local businesses are participating in the launch festivities, enhancing the community spirit.

The Ace Hardware sign in Titusville showcases a photo of an astronaut, advertising essential launch viewing supplies. A Cocoa Beach shop is offering commemorative items, including Artemis II Aloha shirts.

In addition, Playalinda Brewing Company has crafted a themed pale ale named Artemis IIPA.

“In 2022, Playalinda released Artemis Pale Ale, and with this new venture, we wanted to take it a step further, launching Artemis II Double IPA,” said Ronnie Chabot, one of the brewery’s four owners and operators.

After the beer went on sale on February 3, ahead of the initial launch window targeted by NASA, Chabot reported that both cans and draft beer sold out within days. The beer features a retro label showcasing a Space Launch System rocket and Orion spacecraft, complete with an “Easter egg” for space enthusiasts—the moon depicted in its phase during the launch of Artemis II.

When NASA was forced to abandon the opening launch opportunity that same month, Playalinda decided to produce a larger batch. These cans also sold out swiftly.

“It was the fastest-selling item at the brewery,” Chabot noted.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Historic Artemis II Launch: Astronauts Set to Return to the Moon

Posted on April 2, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Artemis II Mission Launch from Kennedy Space Center

AFP (via Getty Images)

Artemis II mission launch — Artemis II Mission Launch from Kennedy Space Center

AFP (via Getty Images)

The highly anticipated Artemis II mission marks humanity’s first crewed journey to the moon since the Apollo program ceased in 1972. Set to launch from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on April 1, this groundbreaking mission will take four astronauts further into space than ever before.

This mission represents NASA’s second flight of its Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and the Orion crew capsule, showcasing its first crewed operation following the successful unmanned Artemis I mission in 2022 that circled the moon.

Upon launch, NASA astronauts Reed Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch, and Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen will spend the initial two days in Earth orbit, testing the spacecraft’s systems. A critical aspect of these tests is to maneuver the Orion capsule for docking with an older spacecraft, a process that will require astronaut control for safety.

“We may need to intervene if docking doesn’t go as planned,” Glover mentioned during a press conference on March 29. “Our goal is to ensure we can manage any unexpected situations.”

After completing these tests, Orion will embark on its lunar orbit, reaching a maximum distance of approximately 402,000 kilometers from Earth, surpassing the record set by Apollo 13 in 1970. This orbit will provide astronauts with an unprecedented view of the moon’s hidden regions due to favorable lighting conditions.

The entire mission is expected to span approximately 10 days before the Orion capsule returns safely to Earth. Looking ahead, the next phase—Artemis III—is slated for 2027, which will involve testing the lunar module’s docking system but will remain in Earth’s orbit, instead of landing on the moon as initially proposed. The following Artemis IV mission in 2028 aims to achieve a moon landing.

“Our team’s primary objective has always been to ensure the success of Artemis III,” Wiseman stated in a press release. These ongoing missions are essential for establishing a permanent lunar presence, with NASA officials envisioning human habitation on the moon for years to come.

“We genuinely hope that this mission opens the doors to a new era where everyone on Earth can view the moon as a reachable destination,” Koch added, emphasizing the mission’s significance.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Astronauts Gear Up for Artemis II Mission to Return to the Moon

Posted on April 1, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Meet the Artemis II Astronauts and the Space Launch System Rocket at Cape Canaveral, Florida

Bill Ingalls/NASA/Getty Images

Artemis II astronauts and Space Launch System rocket — Meet the Artemis II Astronauts and the Space Launch System Rocket at Cape Canaveral, Florida

Bill Ingalls/NASA/Getty Images

The highly anticipated Artemis II mission is set to launch as early as April 1, 2024. This groundbreaking NASA mission will mark the first crewed journey to orbit the Moon since 1972, allowing astronauts to capture stunning images of the Moon’s far side, a region yet to be seen by human eyes.

Originally scheduled for 2019, Artemis II faced numerous delays stemming from the earlier uncrewed Artemis I mission, launched successfully in 2022. Artemis I tested the capabilities of the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and Orion crew capsule.

This time, Artemis II will carry a crew of four astronauts: NASA’s Reed Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch, and Canadian Space Agency’s Jeremy Hansen.

After a “wet dress rehearsal” in February revealed a minor fuel leak, NASA successfully resolved the issue, returning the vehicle to the launch pad for final preparations. The astronauts are now in quarantine, eagerly awaiting their mission.

At a press conference held on March 29, Commander Wiseman stressed the significance of this mission as a crucial test for both the SLS rocket and Orion capsule. “This is the first time we’re trying this. We’re ready to go, but we won’t launch until we’re absolutely certain the vehicle is ready,” he stated.

If the launch does not take place by April 6, the next available opportunity will be April 30, with subsequent windows opening in May.

Once launched, the SLS rocket will spend two days orbiting Earth, during which the crew will test life support systems and maneuver the Orion capsule for docking with older spacecraft. Following this preparatory phase, the crew will embark on an eight-day journey around the Moon.

This journey will provide the first views of regions on the Moon’s far side, including the Mare Orientale crater, which has only been previously photographed by satellites. “We all think we’ve been to the moon, but approximately 60 percent of the far side is still unexplored,” Wiseman noted during the conference.

Artemis II represents a significant milestone in NASA’s long-term Artemis program. While initial plans included lunar landings by Artemis III, this has now been postponed to Artemis IV, focusing instead on preparing for future lunar operations. Artemis III is slated for 2027, followed by Artemis IV and potentially V in 2028.

These missions aim to establish a permanent human presence on the Moon, paving the way for future explorations. “We’re excited to play our part in this monumental journey, and upon our return, we hope to inspire the next generation,” Hansen said at the conference.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Stunning Photos of NASA’s Giant Moon Rocket: Explore the Future of Space Exploration

Posted on March 28, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

The Orion spacecraft, designed with a distinctive gumdrop shape, has a capacity to carry up to four astronauts. With a width of 16.5 feet and a habitable volume of approximately 330 cubic feet, crew members have been rigorously trained to function effectively in confined spaces, including sleeping, eating, exercising, using the restroom, and communicating with ground control.

Inside the Orion capsule, you’ll find an advanced space toilet equipped with a privacy door. This facility utilizes a vacuum system to expel urine into space, while all other waste is securely stored for disposal upon mission completion.

Post-launch, astronauts have the flexibility to remove and stow two seats to create additional space until landing. Each day, astronauts engage in 30 minutes of training to maintain their physical fitness, as per the Canadian Space Agency. The capsule also features a specialized flywheel device that facilitates exercises like squats and deadlifts.

Looking ahead, NASA plans to reuse Orion components on its forthcoming Artemis III mission, set to launch in mid-2027. This flight will focus on demonstrating important docking and landing techniques in low Earth orbit, followed by the Artemis IV mission, which aims to achieve a lunar landing in 2028.

The Artemis II mission will be commanded by NASA’s Wiseman, with Grover as the pilot. Mission specialists include NASA’s Koch and Canada’s Hansen. The crew has already arrived at the Kennedy Space Center in preparation for the scheduled launch.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

How NASA’s Artemis II Achieved a Successful Moon Mission

Posted on March 26, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

NASA officials have announced that future heat shields will be optimized with a more transparent outer material to enhance performance. However, for the Artemis II mission, the heat shield design will remain unchanged.

To mitigate risks to astronauts, mission managers are altering the Orion spacecraft’s reentry trajectory. Instead of the usual atmospheric reentry that simulates a “bouncing stone” effect to reduce thermal stress, this mission will feature a faster, steeper descent to minimize exposure to extreme temperatures.

NASA has confirmed that this revised plan is the result of extensive testing. Isaacman expressed his “complete confidence” in the heat shield during a January update.

During a media event in July, Wiseman echoed this sentiment, stating: “If we adhere to NASA’s new atmospheric entry path, this heat shield will be safe for flight.”

Countdown to the Moon Landing: Two Years Remaining

A significant critique of the Artemis program focuses on its timeline. Nearly four years have passed since Artemis I took flight, and until recently, the next launch, Artemis II, was slated for another two-year wait.

Critics argue that compared to agile private companies like SpaceX, NASA’s slower improvement cycles lead to longer wait times, jeopardizing program security.

Dryer emphasized that “the infrequent launches of space systems pose major structural and safety risks that have been acknowledged for years,” asserting, “We have a limited window to identify potential failure modes.”

NASA’s Space Launch System rolls out from the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space Center on January 17.
Joe Radle/Getty Images

To address these challenges, Isaacman has initiated vital improvements to the Artemis program, including the addition of more missions and an accelerated launch schedule.

The Artemis III mission, which was originally set to land astronauts on the moon in 2028, is now scheduled to launch into low Earth orbit in mid-2027 for essential technology tests and demonstrations. NASA’s detailed strategy for landing on the lunar surface also includes a second spacecraft—a lander developed by SpaceX or Blue Origin. This lander will rendezvous with Orion in lunar orbit to transport astronauts to the moon. Artemis III is positioned to conduct these critical maneuvers. However, challenges persist in the commercial sector, as reported in a recent report, revealing that SpaceX’s Starship lander is “at least two years behind schedule, with expectations for additional delays.”

Under the revamped strategy, NASA aims to achieve a lunar landing by the Artemis IV mission in 2028.

Key changes include the target of launching Space Launch System rockets approximately every 10 months, compared to the previous three-year intervals, according to Isaacman.

The overall progress hinges on the success of the Artemis II mission, which could provide a much-needed boost for NASA and the American public.

“Whenever the White House seeks positive news, they turn to NASA,” Melroy remarked.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

NASA Moves Artemis II Moon Rocket Back to Launch Pad for Upcoming Mission

Posted on March 19, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

NASA is set to return its colossal moon rocket to the launch pad at Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Thursday night, gearing up for the much-anticipated lunar journey with four astronauts aboard.

The impressive 322-foot-tall Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, carrying the Orion capsule, is on track for a launch that could initiate a 10-day mission as early as April 1. Before this, the rocket and spacecraft must conduct a meticulous four-mile trek from the hangar to the launch pad.

This journey is expected to commence at 8:00 PM ET and wrap up approximately 12 hours later.

This marks the second rollout for the 11-million-pound rocket. Initially rolled out to the launch pad in mid-January, it returned to the vehicle assembly building for necessary repairs after engineers identified a helium flow blockage a few weeks ago.

Utilizing a mobile platform known as a crawler transporter, the rocket will be moved back to its launch pad, progressing at a steady pace of about 1 mile per hour.

The upcoming mission, titled Artemis II, will mark the first time humans are launched aboard NASA’s Space Launch System and Orion spacecraft. This mission follows the 2022 unmanned Artemis I mission, which orbited the moon. The crew, including NASA astronauts Reed Wiseman, Christina Koch, Victor Glover, and Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen, could achieve unprecedented distances from Earth as they navigate around the moon.

NASA successfully resolved the helium flow issue while the rocket was in the hangar by replacing a crucial seal in the helium supply line. Engineers also changed batteries on both the rocket and Orion spacecraft, conducting rigorous tests to ensure readiness.

The helium issue came to light during extensive refueling tests and a launch-day rehearsal known as a wet dress rehearsal. This was the second rehearsal for the SLS, as the first had to be halted due to a hydrogen leak detected at the rocket’s rear end.

Last week, NASA officials conducted a comprehensive two-day Flight Readiness Review, bringing together mission managers, four astronauts, and key representatives to evaluate the upcoming flight, assess risks, and outline the necessary steps ahead. The agency confirmed its decision in April to proceed with launch preparations, officially certifying the rocket and spacecraft for their historic mission.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Unlocking Lunar Profits: How to Monetize the Moon Effectively

Posted on March 19, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

New Scientist: Your source for the latest science news and in-depth articles by expert journalists covering advancements in science, technology, health, and the environment.

Feedback is New Scientist A trusted source for the latest updates in science and technology. To provide feedback on topics of interest to our readers, please email us at feedback@newscientist.com.

Shooting Towards the Moon

It has been 54 years since humans last walked on the lunar surface. In that time, numerous robotic missions have explored the Moon, with some landing successfully while others have met disastrous ends. Currently, there are no humans residing on the Moon.

NASA’s Artemis program is projected to land astronauts on the Moon by early 2028. As more missions follow, the Moon’s human population may increase from zero to a small number.

Interestingly, accounting firm PwC released a report in January titled Monthly Market Rating, which declares, “The Moon is rapidly emerging as a potential center for future global economic activity in space.”

This statement raises questions: What opportunities exist for monetizing the Moon? PwC emphasizes that there are “ambitions centered around a sustainable human and commercial presence” on the lunar surface, exploring how expansive this new market could be.

The report adopts a scenario-driven approach to forecast market opportunities for lunar surface activities from 2026 to 2050, analyzing five vital areas: mobility, communications, housing, energy, and water. Each sector is assessed for investment requirements, technological advancements, and potential revenue streams.

Lunar entrepreneurs could see substantial financial returns, with cumulative projected revenues from lunar activities estimated between $93.9 billion and $127.3 billion by 2050—exceeding the GDP of many countries.

However, the future of the lunar economy hinges primarily on the intensity of exploration missions, both crewed and uncrewed, as noted by PwC.

While these projections may seem overly ambitious, particularly with the Artemis mission yet to launch, it’s compelling to consider that this is the second edition of PwC’s Monthly Market Review. The first edition, released in 2021, forecasted revenues totaling $170 billion by 2040.

We remain uncertain about changes over the past five years that might affect the lunar economy’s prospects, yet it’s disappointing to find our dreams of investing in lunar opportunities not yet realized.

Stranger Than Fiction

In February’s diary, the journal Pediatrics and Child Health issued two corrections, which is not unusual; journals frequently amend errors in scientific literature.

However, these corrections were noteworthy. One correction involved 15 papers, while another touched on 123 papers. The headlines indicated they were intended “to add a disclaimer.”

As readers delve through the extensive list of papers requiring disclaimers, they encounter this sentence: “All clinical vignettes featured within the CPSP Highlights section of the magazine are fictional scenarios created for educational purposes relating to Canadian Pediatric Surveillance Program (CPSP) research.”

This phrasing may obscure its importance initially, but the insightful journalists at Retraction Watch clarified that “A medical journal admits that case reports published over 25 years were indeed fictitious.”

Since 2000, the journal has presented case studies that appeared to depict real patients, some of which informed clinical guidelines and urged further medical investigations. However, these studies were fabrications, with no indication given until now.

This feedback suggests that the disclaimer about the fictional nature of these case studies should have been included all along. But perhaps this highlights a broader issue: Science often struggles for media attention, yet devoid of objective truth, it might truly captivate audiences. Imagine headlines like, “Dark Matter is Actually the Flatulence of a Cosmic Whale”: such claims are sure to resonate.

Drink Time

Feedback often revisits the theme, “Well, they would say that, wouldn’t they?” This skepticism persists as spokespersons send press releases that masquerade as objective scientific insight but often slip in ulterior motives.

Recently, another email landed in our overflowing inboxes: “In anticipation of World Sleep Day (March 13, 2026), we’re sharing expert insights on an often-overlooked factor impacting sleep quality: hydration.” The message elucidated that “even mild dehydration can contribute to discomfort, including headaches, dry mouth, muscle cramps, and general restlessness,” suggesting that it can also lead to next-day fatigue.

This press release originated from a company that produces water-soluble electrolyte tablets.

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Please send your articles to feedback@newscientist.com, including your home address. You can find this week’s and past Feedback columns on our website.

Source: www.newscientist.com

Scientists Aim to Simulate T. Rex Moon Earthquake for Groundbreaking Research

Posted on March 17, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Innovative advancements in seismic technology are paving the way for artificial earthquakes, which could revolutionize mining discovery on both Earth and the Moon, as revealed by a pioneering German startup, Imensus. This breakthrough could play a crucial role in achieving lunar mining goals, although adapting it for the Moon poses significant challenges.

Inspired by the thundering footsteps of a tyrannosaurus rex, IMENSUS engineers have developed a cutting-edge rover prototype designed to send vibrations into the ground, effectively mapping underground resources.

“You know how dinosaurs move in Jurassic Park and shake the ground? That’s what we are,” stated David Frey, head of prototyping, during an interview with BBC Science Focus. “We are shaking the ground.”

Imensus is currently designing a model intended for Earth, enabling mining companies to locate valuable materials such as copper and gold with precision.

As seismic waves slow down when passing through dense rocks enriched with valuable minerals, geologists can effectively explore below the Earth’s surface. Surface sensors can identify wave speeds, revealing hidden resources underground.

Speaking at the AI Everything Conference in Egypt, Frey highlighted the broader potential applications of this technology beyond Earth. “The entire space industry aims to establish a presence on the Moon,” he stated. “Mining resources is essential for creating sustainable habitats.”

Frey emphasized the importance of investigating the subsoil before beginning any mining operations on Earth. “Why should we treat the Moon differently? This approach is not widely considered,” he noted.

Though lunar exploration typically relies on natural seismic activity caused by temperature fluctuations creating surface cracks, Frey proposed a revolutionary method that could generate artificial “moonquakes” on demand, providing precise measurement and control.

Unlocking Lunar Treasures

The Moon’s south pole has gained significant attention due to its potential for mining. While valuable minerals like copper and gold may be scarce, ice deposits in polar regions could be crucial resources for future missions. Additionally, lunar regolith—the loose soil on the Moon’s surface—will be vital for developing space infrastructures.

“To establish a long-term presence on the Moon, we must access existing resources,” said Lunar Seismologist Dr. Nicholas Schumer in an interview with BBC Science Focus. “Technological advancements that enable resource utilization could significantly enhance human habitats and foster a burgeoning space economy.”

Schumer, an associate professor at the University of Maryland and a scientist for NASA’s Mars Insight mission, emphasized that the seismic techniques employed by IMENSUS are effective for locating subsurface structures within the top 1 km (0.6 miles) of soil.

“They may help predict changes in the regolith’s structure by identifying features like lava tubes, buried ice, or alterations in sublunar geology,” he added.

The IMENSUS sensor captures seismic waves generated by vibrations from the rover, aiding in the exploration of mining sites on Earth – Photo courtesy of IMENSUS

This innovative approach ensures thorough site assessments, preventing financial losses due to unsuitable mining locations, as Frey pointed out: “In space engineering, such considerations are often overlooked. There’s a risk of encountering unanticipated geological features.”

Frey further noted, “Understanding subsoil layers through spacecraft measurements is vital for comprehending the Moon’s structure.”

Securing the Moon’s Future

However, Schumer warns that the Moon presents a “very hostile environment,” characterized by extreme temperatures, intense solar radiation, and abrasive regolith capable of damaging machinery.

“While it’s encouraging to see forward-thinking approaches to lunar challenges, I must stress that if equipment isn’t specially designed for these conditions, it’s likely to fail,” he cautioned.

Despite the nascent stage of lunar seismic exploration technology, Schumer agrees that “future missions will undeniably require effective seismic exploration systems.”

The terrestrial pilot phase for IMENSUS is set to commence in 2027. Whether this lunar-focused technology will be integrated into future space missions will largely depend on the progression of programs like NASA’s Artemis.

Frey envisions possibilities extending even to Mars and asteroid mining projects in the future, should space exploration ambitions shift in that direction.

Ultimately, one fact remains clear: if humanity aims to return to the Moon—or venture to Mars—we must understand what lies beneath the lunar surface.

Read More:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

NASA Plans Astronaut Moon Mission Launch for April 1st

Posted on March 13, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

NASA has exciting news! On Thursday, the space agency announced its plans to launch four astronauts on a long-anticipated mission around the moon, aiming for a launch date as early as April 1.

Lori Glaze, the acting deputy administrator for NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, stated that the team is on schedule to return the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and Orion spacecraft to the launch pad at Kennedy Space Center in Florida on March 19.

“Everything is progressing well,” Glaze declared during a news conference.

The mission, named Artemis II, marks a significant milestone, as it will be the first time NASA’s SLS rocket and Orion capsule will carry astronauts. It’s the first crewed lunar journey in over 50 years.

This 10-day mission will have a crew of NASA astronauts Reed Wiseman, Christina Koch, Victor Glover, and Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen, who will orbit the moon farther from Earth than any humans have ever ventured.

The launch is targeted for April 1 at 6:24 p.m. ET; however, this date hinges on the completion of the rocket’s checkout in its hangar and further work on the launch pad.

NASA made the decision to proceed with the launch attempt shortly after mission managers and top officials gathered for a two-day flight readiness review, where they formally certify rockets and spacecraft for flight.

Glaze noted that Wiseman, Koch, Glover, and Hansen took part in the flight readiness review virtually, sharing their vital insights.

“Their participation reaffirmed the importance of having transparent discussions about our future steps and the risks involved,” she explained.

The astronauts are currently training at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston and will enter quarantine on-site starting Wednesday to minimize germ exposure before launch. If everything goes smoothly, they will travel to Kennedy Space Center on March 27, as noted by Sean Quinn, NASA’s Exploration Ground Systems Program Manager.

The impressive 322-foot-tall Space Launch System rocket has been undergoing repairs since its relocation from the launch pad on February 25.

This action followed a crucial refueling test on February 19, known as a “wet dress rehearsal,” where NASA simulated nearly every step of a launch countdown. Despite a successful rehearsal, engineers later identified a blockage in the helium flow to a section of the rocket’s upper stage, prompting the cancellation of the launch to make necessary repairs and missing out on a March launch window.

Quinn mentioned that engineers have recently replaced a faulty seal that was obstructing the helium flow. The team is also adding new batteries and conducting tests on the systems of the rocket and Orion spacecraft.

The February 19 wet dress rehearsal was NASA’s second attempt to fill a Space Launch System rocket with over 700,000 gallons of cryogenic propellant. The earlier attempt that month was cut short due to a hydrogen fuel leak discovered at the rear of the rocket, eliminating the opportunity for a February launch.

NASA is exploring a launch opportunity that includes April 2, which wasn’t initially considered, but was added after further analysis. If needed, there is also an opportunity on April 30.

The agency has opted not to speculate on any potential launch dates beyond April due to possible delays.

Thus far, the SLS rocket and Orion capsule’s only spaceflight was the unmanned lunar orbit during the 2022 Artemis I mission, which faced a six-month delay due to a hydrogen leak.

Recently, NASA announced significant revisions to its Artemis moon program. Following Artemis II, the agency has rescheduled the Artemis III mission to land astronauts on the moon to mid-2027 and will instead operate in low-Earth orbit to test technologies. These tests will involve rendezvous and docking with SpaceX’s and Blue Origin’s commercially developed lunar landers.

After that, Artemis IV is slated for a 2028 launch to safely land astronauts on the moon.

NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman stated these changes aim to enhance safety and minimize delays in fulfilling President Donald Trump’s objective of returning astronauts to the lunar surface and establishing a sustainable human presence there.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

NASA Unveils Comprehensive Revamp of Artemis Moon Program: Key Updates & Future Plans

Posted on February 28, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

NASA officially announced a significant transformation of its Artemis moon program on Friday. This “course correction” aims to enhance mission frequency and include additional launches in preparation for the anticipated 2028 lunar landing.

According to NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman, these adjustments will bolster safety, minimize delays, and ultimately facilitate President Donald Trump’s vision of returning astronauts to the moon while establishing a sustained presence there.

“Consensus indicates this is the only viable path forward,” Isaacman stated during a press conference on Friday. “I have had similar discussions with all Congressional stakeholders, and they are fully aligned with NASA’s approach. This is how NASA has historically transformed the world, and it’s how we’ll do it again.”

Mobile Launcher 1, equipped with the Artemis II Space Launch System (SLS) and Orion spacecraft, rolls back to the Vehicle Assembly Building from Launch Pad 39B at Kennedy Space Center at dusk on February 25, 2026, in Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Greg Newton/AFP – Getty Images

Isaacman revealed that the Artemis III mission, which was initially planned for a lunar landing in 2028, will now focus on technology demonstrations in low Earth orbit instead. The aim is to launch Artemis III by mid-2027 for essential rendezvous and docking tests with commercial lunar landers from both SpaceX and Blue Origin.

Subsequently, Artemis IV is slated for a moon landing in 2028.

This new direction could rejuvenate the nearly decade-old Artemis program, which has faced numerous challenges, including significant cost overruns and delays—most recently, a one-month postponement of the Artemis II mission intended to send astronauts on a 10-day lunar orbit.

Isaacman noted that insights gained from Artemis II led to the recognition that the progression from lunar orbit to landing in Artemis III was “too vast,” particularly given the SLS rocket and Orion spacecraft’s infrequent launches, currently no more than once every three years.

“As crucial as rocket launches are, conducting them every three years is not a recipe for success,” he noted. “Frequent launches are essential, as extended intervals result in skill degradation and lost operational experience.”

Administrators highlighted similar issues with hydrogen and helium encountered during both Artemis I (an unmanned test flight launched around the moon in 2022) and Artemis II, stressing the difficulty of identifying root causes, likely exacerbated by extended mission gaps.

Two commercial space firms, SpaceX, led by Elon Musk, and Blue Origin, founded by Jeff Bezos, are competing to build lunar landers for the Artemis program. In a recent statement on X, SpaceX affirmed its shared goal with NASA: to return to the Moon safely and efficiently.

“Regular human exploration flights are key for establishing a sustainable human presence in space,” the company stated.

Blue Origin also expressed enthusiastic support for the revisions. “Let’s move forward! Everyone plays a role!” Companies discussing on X.

Among its mission revisions, NASA indicated it would standardize the manufacturing of Space Launch System rockets and strive for booster launches every 10 months, instead of the previous three-year interval.

While other rocket configurations were planned for later Artemis missions, NASA Deputy Administrator Amit Kshatriya noted that those configurations were deemed “unnecessarily complex.”

“Too much learning and testing potential has been left unexplored, leading to excessive risks in both development and production,” Kshatriya stated in a press release. “Our focus now is to continue testing as though we are in production.”

Isaacman concluded that while these changes represent a significant shift for NASA, they should not be unexpected to contractors or stakeholders within Congress and the Trump administration.

“President Trump is passionate about space and played a pivotal role in the creation of the Artemis program,” he remarked. “This initiative is a priority for his administration.”

This overhaul follows additional delays to the Artemis II mission. A hydrogen leak discovered during a critical refueling test prompted NASA to forfeit all possible launch opportunities this month. Though a subsequent refueling test proceeded smoothly, engineers later identified a blockage affecting helium flow to the booster’s upper stage, thwarting plans for a March launch.

NASA has since transported the rocket from its launch pad at Kennedy Space Center in Florida back to its hangar for necessary repairs. Officials anticipate that if the repairs proceed as planned, Artemis II could launch as early as April.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Exclusive Sneak Peek: NASA’s Spacesuit Testing for Upcoming Moon Mission

Posted on February 27, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Astronauts Practice in Simulated Lunar Environments

NASA

NASA Astronauts practicing tasks in simulated lunar environments with advanced spacesuits. — Astronauts Practice in Simulated Lunar Environments

NASA

As NASA prepares for a groundbreaking mission to return humans to the moon, astronaut safety remains a paramount focus. The image above showcases a NASA crew testing cutting-edge spacesuits developed by Axiom Space, a Texas-based aerospace company.

The Axiom Extravehicular Mobility Unit is engineered to enhance astronauts’ mobility and flexibility, enabling them to efficiently navigate the lunar terrain and gather geological samples.

Axiom Space completed an internal review of these innovative spacesuits, and NASA is now evaluating readiness for the upcoming Artemis III mission, set to launch in 2028. This historic mission aims to land humans on the moon’s south pole for the first time in over 55 years.

“This achievement reflects our unwavering commitment to providing a safe and efficient lunar spacesuit, empowering astronauts to explore the moon’s surface,” stated Lara Carney, NASA’s manager of extravehicular activities and human surface mobility programs at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.

To date, the Axiom suit has undergone over 850 hours of rigorous pressure testing, simulating moon conditions with astronauts inside. In the training process, crew members practice emergency rescue scenarios in a 40-foot-deep pool, with the suit’s weight tailored to match the moon’s gravity, which is about one-sixth of Earth’s gravitational pull.

Exploring the History and Future of Space Exploration in the United States

Embark on an extraordinary journey through America’s significant space and astronomy landmarks, crafted for inquisitive minds and lifelong learners.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

NASA’s Artemis Moon Exploration Program: Major Reforms and Enhancements Unveiled

Posted on February 27, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

NASA’s Space Launch System Faces Challenges

Credit: NASA/Cory Houston

NASA’s Space Launch System Faces Challenges

Credit: NASA/Cory Houston

NASA is re-evaluating its Artemis moon exploration program. During a press conference on February 27, NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman revealed significant adjustments to the plans for sending humans to the moon for the first time since the Apollo program concluded in 1972.

The upcoming Artemis II mission, set to launch soon, has experienced two challenging tests. The Space Launch System (SLS) rocket faced fuel injection leaks, necessitating a return from the launch pad for thorough analysis and repairs. The SLS saw its last launch in 2022.

Artemis II aims to orbit astronauts around the moon in preparation for a crewed landing in the Artemis III mission, though that goal has now shifted. Artemis III will focus on testing the Orion crew capsule’s docking capabilities with the lander in lunar orbit, along with evaluating the spacesuit for eventual moon landings.

Despite these seemingly negative developments, NASA has laid out plans to increase launch frequency. The revised approach aims for Artemis IV and potentially Artemis V to achieve lunar landings by 2028.

“The entire series of Artemis flights should represent a gradual build-up of capability, with each step advancing our readiness for landing missions,” stated NASA official Amit Kshatriya in a recent statement. “Each phase should be substantial enough for progress, yet measured to avoid unnecessary risks based on our experiences thus far.”

Initially, there were plans to upgrade the SLS rocket’s upper stage for future endeavors. However, Isaacman highlighted a shift towards a “standardized” version, minimizing significant changes for every few missions. “We don’t aim for each rocket to be a work of art,” he said in the press briefing.

These changes denote a shift in the Artemis program’s philosophy, prioritizing thorough testing for every component of the rocket and mission strategy. This approach aims to facilitate swift, small steps rather than large leaps every few years, with Isaacman expressing optimism about reducing the delays that have historically burdened the Artemis program, ultimately promoting a safer and more efficient lunar exploration initiative.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

NASA Stages Artemis II Moon Launch Rehearsal Following Rocket Repairs: Everything You Need to Know

Posted on February 21, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

The **wet dress rehearsal** officially commenced on Tuesday evening and extended into Wednesday, with the team powering up both the rocket and spacecraft components while charging flight batteries. The crucial part of this test began on Thursday morning when mission managers approved the fueling of the **Space Launch System (SLS) rocket**.

At around **10:30 a.m. ET**, liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen were initiated into the rocket’s core stage. The booster housed over **700,000 gallons of cryogenic propellant**, and mission managers executed a countdown leading up to a simulated launch time of **8:42 p.m. ET**.

The **refueling test** appeared to proceed smoothly, with NASA performing two walkthroughs during the last 10 minutes of the countdown. A pause occurred at approximately **T minus 1 minute and 30 seconds**, followed by a reset of the countdown clock to **T minus 10 minutes** near **T minus 33 seconds** for the final moments before liftoff.

These pauses were meticulously designed to demonstrate that the rocket’s systems were functioning as anticipated during critical countdown phases, when automated systems assume control of the booster. Additionally, these moments allowed mission managers to rehearse various scenarios, including resolving issues that necessitate investigation or aborting a launch due to technical difficulties or adverse weather conditions.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Scientists Propose Installing a Super Laser on the Moon for Revolutionary Research

Posted on February 18, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Explore the Dark Craters near the Moon’s South Pole

Credit: Science Photo Library / Alamy

Illustration of dark craters near the moon’s south pole — Explore the Dark Craters near the Moon’s South Pole

Credit: Science Photo Library / Alamy

Scientists aim to establish a groundbreaking laser system in one of the moon’s coldest craters to significantly enhance the navigation capabilities of lunar landers and rovers.

Ultra-stable lasers are vital for highly precise timing and navigation systems. These lasers operate by reflecting a beam between two mirrors within a cavity, maintaining a consistent beam speed. This precision is largely due to the chamber’s size stability, which neither expands nor contracts. To achieve this, mirrors are typically maintained in a cryogenic vacuum, insulated from external vibrations.

The moon hosts numerous craters at its poles, which lack direct sunlight due to minimal axial tilt. Consequently, these permanently shadowed areas are extremely cold, with some craters projected to reach temperatures around -253°C (20 Kelvin) during the lunar winter.

Junye from JILA, along with a research team in Boulder, Colorado, has proposed that these icy conditions, combined with the moon’s absence of natural vibrations and an almost non-existent atmosphere, make these craters ideal for ultra-stable lasers. The potential stability of these lunar lasers could surpass that of any terrestrial counterparts.

“The entire environment is incredibly stable,” Ye emphasizes. “Despite variations between summer and winter on the Moon, temperature fluctuations range only from 20 to 50 Kelvin, contributing to a remarkably consistent environment.”

Ye and his research team envision a lunar laser device akin to an optical cavity already developed in JILA’s lab, featuring a silicon chamber equipped with dual mirrors.

Current optical cavity lasers on Earth can maintain coherence for just a few seconds, meaning their light waves can synchronize briefly. However, the moon-based laser is projected to sustain coherence for at least a minute, which will facilitate its role as a reference laser for a variety of lunar missions. This includes maintaining the lunar time zone and coordinating satellite formations using lasers for distance measurement. Given that light from the moon takes just over a second to reach Earth, it could also serve as a reliable reference for Earth-based activities, as highlighted by Ye.

Although implementing this idea poses challenges, the rationale is sound and could greatly benefit future lunar missions. According to Simeon Barber from the Open University, UK, “Recent lunar landers have experienced suboptimal landings due to varying lighting conditions, complicating vision-based systems. Leveraging stable lasers for positioning, navigation, and timing could enhance the reliability of landings in high-latitude areas.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

NASA Plans Nuclear Reactor on the Moon: What Would Happen During a Meltdown?

Posted on February 7, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

NASA’s Revolutionary Nuclear Reactor Plans for the Moon

NASA has revealed its groundbreaking plans to construct a nuclear reactor on the Moon. This ambitious project represents a significant leap forward, potentially providing power for future Moon bases and sustaining long-term missions. However, it also prompts several crucial questions.

What is the estimated cost? Will someone need to remain on-site to manage it? And for the pessimists, what if it malfunctions?

The History of Nuclear Power in Space

This isn’t the first instance of nuclear technology in space.

In the early 1950s, NASA pioneered the development of the uranium-fueled “SNAP” (Nuclear Auxiliary Power system), designed for space exploration.

In 1965, just four years prior to Neil Armstrong’s historic Moon landing, SNAP-10A became America’s inaugural nuclear-powered satellite, operating for 43 days in Earth orbit.

Nuclear devices have since powered various deep space missions, including Voyager and the Mars rover Curiosity.

Some, like the systems depicted in the movie The Martian, utilize low-power solutions known as radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs), which convert heat from radioactive decay into electricity.

Additionally, two Russian lunar missions have carried radioactive heaters for power generation.

In a quest to supply increased energy for its lunar initiatives, NASA is exploring small-scale nuclear fission systems that focus on splitting atoms.

In 2018, NASA successfully completed a test for a compact uranium-fueled nuclear reactor called Kilopower, roughly the size of a toilet paper roll, affirming its capability to power a lunar outpost with just four units.

While the concept of “moon reactors” may raise safety concerns, these reactors are designed with extensive safety measures including passive cooling and low-enriched uranium, minimizing the risk of catastrophic failure.

Nevertheless, the possibilities of a reactor mishap are intriguing to consider.

What If There’s an Explosion?

The reality of a nuclear meltdown on the Moon remains largely speculative. Current reactor designs suggest they won’t grow large enough to even be classified as a meltdown.

(A single Kilopower reactor can generate sufficient energy to power a handful of Earth homes for around ten years.)

SNAP-10A: The first nuclear power system to operate in space, launched in 1965 – Image credit: Atomics International/U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Contractor

However, the scale of the reactor isn’t the only factor influencing the consequences of an explosion; the lunar environment plays a critical role.

A nuclear reactor failure on the Moon would unfold quite differently than it would on Earth.

With no atmosphere or weather and only one-sixth of Earth’s gravity, scenarios involving explosions, mushroom clouds, and seismic aftershocks (triggered by atmospheric reactions on Earth) are less likely.

Instead, overheating could lead to a glowing pool of molten metal quietly cooling and solidifying without dramatic fallout.

Yet, this does raise substantial risks for personnel nearby due to radiation exposure.

Even with localized fallout being primarily contained, intense radiation surges still pose significant dangers.

A Close Call in Nuclear Space History

Fortunately, we lack detailed answers to this question, but an American scientist proposed a solution in the 1950s.

Project A119 was a covert initiative to detonate a hydrogen bomb on the Moon amidst the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Thankfully, this concept remained in the planning stages and never materialized.

This article addresses the question posed by Worle’s David Martin: “What would a nuclear meltdown on the Moon look like?”

If you have any queries, feel free to reach out to us at: questions@sciencefocus.com or send us a message Facebook, Twitter or Instagram Page (please include your name and location).

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NASA Delays Artemis II Moon Launch Due to Rehearsal Challenges

Posted on February 3, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

During the crucial refueling process, initiated at 12:30 PM ET on Monday, mission managers temporarily halted operations twice to investigate a hydrogen fuel leak emanating from the rear of the rocket.

Although testing of the Orion spacecraft atop the rocket resumed, the hydrogen leak reoccurred in the final moments of the mock launch countdown.

NASA reported that a built-in control system on the rocket, designed to manage the booster in the countdown’s critical final minutes, “automatically halted the countdown due to a sudden spike in liquid hydrogen leakage.”

Engineers are also looking into audio issues that affected communication channels for ground teams during the wet dress rehearsals.

The four astronauts set to embark on Artemis II — NASA’s Reed Wiseman, Christina Koch, Victor Glover, and Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen — were expected to arrive at Kennedy Space Center on Tuesday afternoon after being quarantined in Houston since January 21 to minimize exposure to bacteria before their mission.

However, NASA has confirmed that the astronauts will not proceed to Florida as anticipated and will be released from their quarantine.

Instead, they will undergo quarantine again approximately two weeks before the next targeted launch opportunity, according to agency officials.

Artemis II marks the second flight for NASA’s Space Launch System rocket and Orion capsule, and it will be the first mission with humans on board.

This much-anticipated launch is set to advance NASA’s objectives of returning astronauts to the lunar surface.

The previous unmanned Artemis I lunar orbit mission in 2022 faced a six-month delay due to a hydrogen leak detected during the initial wet dress rehearsal.

The Artemis II flight carries significant importance, being the inaugural crewed mission aboard the Space Launch System rocket and Orion capsule.

“Our highest priority remains the safety of our astronauts, personnel, systems, and the public,” Isaacman stated on X, emphasizing that NASA will “proceed with the launch only when we are confident in our readiness for this historic mission.”

Source: www.nbcnews.com

NASA Gears Up for ‘Wet Dress Rehearsal’ in Preparation for Artemis II Moon Launch

Posted on February 2, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

As NASA gears up for the highly anticipated Artemis II mission, the space agency is preparing for a crucial test that will determine the readiness of its powerful Moon rocket, the Space Launch System (SLS).

This essential “wet dress rehearsal” simulates a full launch day, allowing engineers to fill the SLS rocket with fuel and perform all launch operations up to 30 seconds before liftoff, mimicking real mission conditions.

The results of this rehearsal will be instrumental for engineers and mission managers to evaluate the booster’s performance and overall readiness for the Artemis II mission.

Set to launch by Sunday, Artemis II will embark on a groundbreaking 10-day mission, taking four astronauts farther from Earth than any humans have ventured before.

However, the actual launch date will heavily rely on the outcomes from the wet dress rehearsal.

NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman will hold a press conference with the Artemis II crew on January 17th at Kennedy Space Center.
Joe Radle/Getty Images

“We’ll take some time to review the data and prepare for launch,” stated Artemis launch director Charlie Blackwell Thompson during last month’s press conference.

If the rehearsal proceeds without issues, NASA could announce a targeted launch date in a matter of days. Conversely, any problems could lead to mission delays.

Engineers and mission managers will execute a countdown to the mock launch scheduled for 9 PM ET on Monday. Over 700,000 gallons of cryogenic propellant will be loaded into the SLS in the hours leading up to the test, with NASA planning to livestream this crucial process. For more information, check out the Artemis Rocket 24/7 Live Stream at the launch pad.

As part of the rehearsal, mission managers will simulate the countdown several times during the final 10 minutes, which will provide essential data on the rocket’s systems, including an automated control that engages 30 seconds prior to launch.

Artemis II marks NASA’s second mission using the Space Launch System rocket and Orion capsule, with this being the inaugural crewed flight—a pivotal step toward NASA’s goal of returning astronauts to the lunar surface.

The Artemis II crew consists of NASA astronauts Reed Wiseman, Christina Koch, Victor Glover, and Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen, who have been in isolation at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston to ensure they remain healthy prior to the mission.

On January 17, NASA successfully positioned the Space Launch System rocket carrying the Orion capsule at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The agency initially planned a wet dress rehearsal for Saturday but rescheduled due to unexpected cold weather across the Southeast and mid-Atlantic.

NASA’s Artemis II at Kennedy Space Center on January 17th.
Joe Radle/Getty Images

Due to the scheduling changes, NASA has eliminated the first two launch windows (Friday and Saturday) for this month, which ends on February 11th. If additional launch opportunities arise, slots may also be opened in March and April.

Ensuring a successful wet dress rehearsal is crucial for a smooth launch this month.

Should issues arise during testing, NASA may need to return the rocket to the vehicle assembly building, reminiscent of the six-month delay faced by Artemis I’s unmanned lunar orbit flight after a hydrogen leak was detected during its initial wet dress rehearsal.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Discover NASA’s Artemis II Moon Mission Astronauts: Meet the Team Leading Our Lunar Exploration

Posted on January 31, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Three highly skilled NASA astronauts are embarking on an exciting mission into space. Reed Wiseman, a former Navy officer who transitioned to astronaut status in 2009, brings significant experience, having spent six months aboard the International Space Station (ISS) in 2014.

Reed Wiseman and daughters.
Provided by Reid Wiseman

Since the passing of his wife in 2020, Wiseman has taken on the challenging role of raising two children as a single parent. He acknowledges the stress that comes with being an astronaut, noting that the thrill of the mission is often tempered by the sacrifices it demands from their families.

“I’m a dedicated single father to two daughters,” he shared with NBC’s “TODAY” during a candid interview with fellow crew members. “While it might be easier to relax on the couch with a football game, the reality is that we have four individuals ready to undertake extraordinary and groundbreaking explorations in our civilization.”

Wiseman expressed hope that the outcomes of this monumental mission will validate the sacrifices made by the families of the crew.

“We often look toward the moon and proudly state, ‘We’ve been there.’ However, for this generation—both current and future, known as the Artemis generation—they will look at the moon and proudly declare, ‘We are there,'” he emphasized.

A pendant featuring Jeremy Hansen’s family birthstones accompanied by the engraving “Moon and Back”.
Provided by Jeremy Hansen

Each astronaut will carry personal tokens on their historic flights around the moon. Wiseman and Koch will carry letters from their families, while Grover plans to bring a Bible, wedding ring, and a cherished heirloom for his daughters. Hansen will carry a moon pendant featuring his family’s birthstone and the phrase “Moon and Back.” These items serve as meaningful mementos and ways for the astronauts to connect their families to the journey.

Koch, a veteran of profound space missions, holds the record for the longest single spaceflight by a woman, having spent a remarkable 328 days on the ISS in 2019. Alongside fellow astronaut Jessica Meir, she made history with NASA’s first all-female spacewalk.

Christina Koch with her husband and dog.
Provided by: Christina Koch

Koch expressed her contentment about not participating in another significant milestone, stating her excitement for her colleagues who are set to leave footprints on the lunar surface.

“I’m genuinely thrilled to see familiar faces taking steps toward walking on the moon. However, if that is not my destiny, I am completely at peace with it,” Koch mentioned, noting NASA has yet to assign a crew for the Artemis III mission.

Victor Glover with his family.
Provided by: Victor Glover

In a similar vein, Grover previously participated in a historic flight, flying the SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule to the ISS in 2020. Glover, a former U.S. Navy captain and test pilot, was transitioned from his position in the U.S. Senate when he was selected for NASA’s astronaut program in 2013. Grover and his wife are parents to four children.

Hansen, marking his spaceflight debut, is set to become the first Canadian to explore lunar terrain. A graduate of the Canadian Space Agency’s astronaut program in 2009, he previously served as a fighter pilot and colonel in the Canadian Armed Forces.

With three children, Hansen highlighted the camaraderie that has developed among the crew, remarking that they’ve formed a familial bond through years of intense training together.

Jeremy Hansen with his family.
Provided by Jeremy Hansen

The upcoming Artemis II launch will be only the second deployment of NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) rocket paired with the Orion capsule. The inaugural launch, Artemis I, conducted an unmanned mission that circled the moon over three years ago.

Wiseman, Koch, Grover, and Hansen view this mission as a crucial stepping stone towards the Artemis III ambition, which aims to land four astronauts near the moon’s polar regions in 2027. Throughout their mission, the crew will practice docking procedures in Earth orbit, conduct scientific experiments, and evaluate various systems inside the Orion capsule, serving as a trial run for a forthcoming lunar landing.

“To us, achieving success is synonymous with landing on the moon during Artemis III,” Koch stated. “Success is always Artemis 100. Everything we do is centered around that.”

Source: www.nbcnews.com

How to Determine the X and V Coordinates of the Moon: A Comprehensive Guide

Posted on January 26, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Discover the Moon’s X: Captured from Tokyo in February 2025

Credit: Yomiuri Shimbun/AP Images/Alamy

Nearly a decade ago, my excitement surged as I captured my first telescope photo of the Moon. With a makeshift setup, I clumsily held my phone camera up to the eyepiece. After a few shaky attempts, I got a clear snapshot of the lunar surface, and shared it online with pride.

Unbeknownst to me, I had clicked the picture during a brief 4-6 hour window each month when fascinating features known as Moon’s X and V could be visible.

These lunar marks are optical illusions, revealing themselves only when sunlight strikes the rims of specific craters during the Moon’s waxing phase, perfectly aligned along the terminator.

The Moon’s X forms a bright X shape, illuminated by sunlight on the edges of three craters: La Caillou, Blanquinus, and Pulbach. Similarly, the V shape comes to life as sunlight hits the Ukert crater and nearby smaller craters.

To witness the Moon’s X and V, a telescope is essential. However, timing is crucial. The visibility of these features varies globally and is influenced by your local time zone.

The next waxing moon occurs at 5 AM GMT on January 26th. However, residents in the UK may miss it as the Moon will be below the horizon then. The best viewing opportunity on the evening of January 25th will be in New York, where the first quarter appears around midnight, enabling visibility of X and V from about 10 PM to 2 AM. In places like Sydney, the daytime blocks visibility as the first quarter falls around 3 PM local time.

For the best chance to view the Moon’s captivating X’s and V’s, ensure you’re gazing at a waxing moon during optimal hours, preferably when it’s high in the night sky. Tools like Stellarium can help you track the Moon’s visibility on specific dates.

Mark your calendars for upcoming first quarter events on February 24th, March 25th, and April 24th-25th. If you’re in the UK, you might want to target March 25th as it aligns well with evening visibility around 7 PM local time.

Understanding the intricacies that must align for the Moon’s X and V to appear, I feel fortunate to have captured my first lunar photo during such a special moment.

Stay tuned for weekly articles at:
newscientist.com/maker

Abigail Beer is the feature editor of New Scientist and author of The Art of Urban Astronomy. Follow me on Twitter @abbybeall

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Source: www.newscientist.com

The Vision for a First Moon Base

Ownership and the Moon’s Future

Moon Wandering

Lots of Marathons

Declassified Insights

1. Unique Historical Artifacts Will Accompany the Mission

2. Artemis II Is Almost as Tall as Big Ben

3. The Crew Will Travel Farther than Any Humans Before

4. Fastest Return for Astronauts in 50 Years

5. Crew Will Experience Life in Limited Space

6. No More Drinking Recycled Urine

7. Rockets Consume a Massive Amount of Fuel

8. Intense Heat During Reentry

9. None of the Crew Were Alive During the Last Moon Landing

10. Rocket Engines Have Historic Roots

11. First Non-American Astronaut to Travel to the Moon

12. First Glimpses of Unseen Moon Areas

13. Christina Koch: First Woman on the Moon

14. Free Return Orbit Similar to Apollo 13

15. Crew Practices “Parking” Maneuvers in Space

16. Pilot Victor Glover: A Historic First

17. Modern Space Cuisine

18. Reed Wiseman: An Experienced Photographer of Earth

19. High-Speed Laser Communications

20. Gym Equipment on the Moon

21. Radiation Challenges Ahead

22. Completing the Cycle with Special Soil

Artemis II Astronauts Recount Their Rocket Journey to the Moon

Dramatic Video Showcasing Attack on Iran’s B1 Bridge

Multiple Air Strikes on Iranian Missile Base in Isfahan

President Trump Congratulates Astronauts on NASA Artemis II Mission

Current Highlight

President Trump Congratulates Astronauts on NASA Artemis II Mission

Countdown to the Moon Landing: Two Years Remaining

Shooting Towards the Moon

Stranger Than Fiction

Drink Time

Unlocking Lunar Treasures

Securing the Moon’s Future

Exploring the History and Future of Space Exploration in the United States

The History of Nuclear Power in Space

What If There’s an Explosion?

A Close Call in Nuclear Space History