Tag Archives: depression

How Exercise Can Be as Effective as Antidepressants in Reducing Depression

Posted on by
Reply

jogging in fog or mist

Exercise: An Effective Treatment for Depression

Neil Lang/Shutterstock

Experiencing a post-workout mood boost is common, and a recent review highlights just how impactful this effect can be. Simple activities like walking or gardening can alleviate depression symptoms as effectively as psychotherapy or antidepressants.

“This research reinforces that exercise is a viable option for individuals suffering from depression, showing that it can rival the effectiveness of psychotherapy or medication,” states Andrew Clegg from the University of Lancashire, UK.

A prior Cochrane Library review in 2013 discovered that exercise alleviates depression symptoms comparably to standard treatments like antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which focuses on modifying thought patterns and behavior.

Consequently, health authorities advocate regular exercise for depression management. The UK’s National Institute for Healthcare Excellence (NICE) suggests engaging in aerobic activities such as jogging for ten weeks, typically in conjunction with other therapies for optimal results.

Since the 2013 review, numerous clinical trials have surfaced, prompting the Cochrane Library to embark on an updated review. “This new review nearly doubles the existing evidence base from the previous publication,” comments Clegg, a co-author of the review.

Clegg and colleagues reviewed data from 69 randomized controlled trials involving nearly 5,000 adults diagnosed with mild to severe depression or showing elevated depression symptom scores. Their analysis focused on 57 trials where participants were assigned to either an exercise group or a control group receiving no treatment.

Trial methodologies varied significantly, but usually directed participants to maintain a routine of low to moderate exercise—like gardening or brisk walking—compared to more vigorous activities like sprinting or soccer. Yoga and stretching were excluded, as these often incorporate meditative or breathing practices, which detracted from the study’s emphasis on pure physical activity.

The research indicated that exercise modestly reduced depression severity, characterized by feelings of sadness and disinterest in social activities.

“Clinically meaningful improvements were observed—individuals reported noticeable changes,” remarks Brendon Stubbs from King’s College London, who was not part of the review.

Furthermore, the team analyzed ten of the 59 trials that compared exercise to CBT and five trials involving participants on antidepressants devoid of an exercise component. Results indicated that, on average, regular exercise proved equally effective as these treatment modalities. “There was no significant difference in outcomes among the three,” emphasizes Emily Hird from University College London, who also did not partake in the study.

The research highlighted that light to moderate exercise outperformed intense workouts. This may be linked to higher adherence rates; as Stubbs explains, “Strenuous exercises often lead to dropout, thus diminishing the observed benefits.”

While the precise advantages of exercise remain under investigation, Stubbs suggests multiple potential mechanisms. Group activities could enhance social well-being, and acquiring new skills might boost self-esteem, fostering positive life changes.

Studies indicate that muscle-released chemicals, known as myokines, help reduce inflammation, which may exacerbate depression. One particular myokine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, is known for promoting new brain cell growth, potentially aiding in the reconfiguration of negative thought patterns, as asserted by Stubbs. Interestingly, Clegg’s team discovered that resistance training, which generates more myokines, was more effective than aerobic workouts alone.

Collectively, these findings advocate for exercise as a depression treatment modality. However, since participants were aware of their group assignments, some gains might stem from placebo effects, where expectations influence symptom relief. Additionally, the majority of studies had limited participant numbers, which may impact reliability, according to Hurd.

Hurd advocates for larger studies to investigate optimal exercise types tailored for individuals and their unique challenges. “Currently, we lack clarity on who benefits most from different exercise forms,” she asserts. Individuals with severe depression might struggle to maintain exercise routines and may find more relief through CBT or antidepressants, both of which exhibit effectiveness akin to exercise in managing depression. Furthermore, some individuals may respond preferentially to specific activities based on their depression’s root causes.

Nevertheless, evidence consistently reveals the benefits of exercise for both mental and physical health. “Activities such as running, gym workouts, Pilates, and yoga all impart various positive effects. The most crucial aspect is to engage individuals in activities they enjoy,” concludes Stubbs.

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

17 Simple Strategies to Reduce the Risk of Stroke, Dementia, and Depression Simultaneously

Posted on by
Reply

Stroke, dementia, and subsequent depression. These are significant issues that become more prevalent as we age—often overlooked, yet surprisingly frequent in our older population.

Moreover, the abundance of information available today makes it challenging to determine effective preventative measures. Are these conditions purely genetic? Do they stem from our environment? Or can we actually enact changes that make a difference?

Recent research published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry offers encouraging insights and a clear starting point.

Led by Dr. Sanjurasin from the Brain Care Lab at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, the study systematically reviewed data on modifiable lifestyle factors linked to the three critical brain conditions.

The team discovered 17 interconnected risk factors associated with stroke, dementia, and subsequent depression—all of which are within an individual’s capacity to change.

“These are actionable steps that everyone can incorporate into their lives,” Shin explained in an interview with BBC Science Focus. “For example, dietary choices, physical activity, or adhering to blood pressure medications prescribed by a doctor—all factors influenced by socioeconomic conditions that may not be easily altered.”

Instead, the emphasis is placed on daily habits that can be reshaped, such as diet, sleep, exercise, social connections, and mental engagement.

17 Modifiable Risk Factors for Brain Health

This study outlines 17 overlapping factors impacting the risks of stroke, dementia, and consequent depression, which encompass both protective and risk-enhancing behaviors. They can be categorized based on quality and context, such as dietary choices and social engagement.

Here’s the complete list:

Protective Factors:

  • Low or very low alcohol consumption
  • Regular engagement in cognitive activities like reading, puzzles, and acquiring new skills
  • A nutrient-rich diet comprising vegetables, fruits, dairy, fish, and nuts
  • Moderate to high levels of physical activity
  • A strong sense of community
  • Extensive social networks or substantial social involvement

Risk-Increasing Factors:

  • Hypertension
  • Elevated Body Mass Index (BMI)
  • Hyperglycemia
  • High cholesterol levels
  • Hearing impairment
  • Kidney disease or renal dysfunction
  • Chronic pain affecting daily activities
  • Symptoms of depression
  • Diet high in lean meats, sugary beverages, sweets, and sodium
  • Sleep disorders or prolonged sleeping periods
  • History of smoking
  • Feelings of loneliness or social isolation
  • Chronic stress or stressful life events

Each factor was associated with at least one of the three conditions explored in the study, and often with two or three. While certain factors, like kidney dysfunction and hearing loss, may not intuitively seem linked to brain health, their impacts can be significant.

Noteworthy Findings

To pinpoint the most influential risk factors, Singh’s team reviewed 182 meta-analyses from the last two decades and selected the 59 most reliable. They calculated the impact of each factor using disability-adjusted life years (DALYS), which measures the burden of conditions, and assigned normalized scores.

One risk factor rose to prominence: hypertension.

“People often associate blood pressure with heart health,” Singh noted. “However, our review highlights it as the most critical factor for brain health. It’s essential to monitor your blood pressure and understand your numbers. If elevated, consult your doctor and adhere to prescribed treatment.”

Hypertension is known to harm small blood vessels in the brain and contribute to the development of all three conditions. However, it’s not the sole important factor.

The study also underscores that kidney dysfunction, hyperglycemia, depressive symptoms, poor sleep, obesity, smoking, and chronic stress negatively affect brain health. These risk factors tend to compound one another.

Blood pressure is the most significant modifiable risk factor for stroke, dementia, and subsequent depression. – Getty

Healthy Choice Menu

The encouraging news is that these factors are interconnected. Addressing one area can often lead to improvements in others.

However, this doesn’t mean that an all-at-once overhaul is necessary. Singh cautions against attempting to tackle everything simultaneously. “Our aim is to suggest gradual changes; bombarding someone with all 17 factors can be overwhelming. We encourage individuals to select what resonates with them and work on that—other improvements will often follow.”

Indeed, motivation presents a significant challenge. “Behavioral science indicates that maintaining lasting changes is difficult.” Other obstacles, like time constraints and financial means, can also impede habit formation.

A potent strategy is to involve others. Whether walking with friends, cooking healthy meals with a partner, enrolling in classes, or engaging in activities that blend lifestyle changes with social connections, you’re more likely to stay committed.

“We strongly advocate for collaborative exercise,” Singh emphasizes.

Read more:

When to Start

Some risk factors are more critical at specific life stages. For instance, hypertension during middle age seems particularly detrimental to long-term brain health. Nonetheless, it’s never too late to make changes.

And what if you’re starting later in life? Don’t wait.

“You’re never ‘too old.’ Addressing modifiable risk factors is beneficial at any age. Whether you’re 20 or 80, everyone can take steps, however small, to better brain health.”

Notes on Limitations

This study presents a robust framework for prevention, but it does not demonstrate causality. It relies on observational studies, which can indicate associations but do not establish direct cause-effect relationships.

As Dr. Anya Topiwara, a consultant psychiatrist at Oxford University who did not participate in the study, remarked in an email to BBC Science Focus: “It’s important to recognize that this paper examines associations rather than experimental findings. Hence, due to various biases, one cannot directly infer causation between risk factors and disease.”

For example, while alcohol consumption may appear protective in moderate quantities, it can mislead. “Individuals with higher socioeconomic status or education levels tend to drink moderately. These individuals are typically healthier and less likely to face dementia diagnosis and perform better on memory assessments.”

In essence, some correlations may stem from other underlying variables, like education, income, and healthcare access.

A Message of Hope

Despite the limitations, the overall outlook is optimistic. Singh emphasizes that the findings aim to empower rather than overwhelm. “This is a hopeful paper. There are numerous controllable factors that can lower your illness risk.”

“Based on estimates, up to 45% of all dementia cases could potentially be prevented by managing modifiable risk factors, alongside 80% of strokes and 35% of later-life depression. There’s a lot you can do to maintain a healthy and happy brain.”

So whether it’s taking a walk, learning something new, monitoring your blood pressure, or cooking a meal with a friend, the core message is simple: start where you can. Your efforts may yield more benefits than you realize.

About Our Experts

Sanjurashin is a physician scientist and Oxford-trained epidemiologist, whose expertise merges clinical medicine, epidemiology, behavioral science, and global health innovation. She became a professor at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School by the age of 28. Singh founded Singh Lab within Brain Care Labs, where she and her team are innovating scalable, evidence-based interventions aimed at preventing stroke, dementia, and subsequent depression.

Anyatopiwarra earned her medical qualification at Oxford University and subsequently specialized in elderly psychiatry. In 2017, she completed her DPhil in Psychiatry centered on an MRC-funded study, “Predicting MRI abnormalities using longitudinal data from the Whitehall II study.” In 2019, Topiwala received the Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Career Development Fellowship to investigate how physical mechanisms related to alcohol consumption impact brain health.

Read more:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

The potential reasons behind teenage girls’ higher rates of depression compared to boys

Posted on by
Reply

Researchers have discovered that certain chemical imbalances in the brain may help explain the higher risk of depression in teenage girls compared to boys.

They specifically highlighted the role of a chemical called tryptophan, an essential amino acid found in foods like turkey, chicken, eggs, milk, nuts, and seeds. Tryptophan is used by the body to produce serotonin, a brain chemical that influences mood, sleep, and happiness.

When tryptophan is broken down in the brain, it can lead to the production of beneficial chemicals like kynurenic acid, as well as harmful chemicals.

Tryptophan (the molecular structure shown here) is one of the 20 standard amino acids – Photo credit: Getty

A study by scientists from King’s College London analyzed blood and depression symptoms in Brazilian teenagers aged 14-16, linking these chemicals with depression in both genders.

According to Professor Valeria Mondeli, senior author and Kings’ clinical professor of psychoimmune, adolescence is a time of significant changes with little understanding of the biological factors contributing to depression differences between teenage boys and girls.

The researchers found that girls at high risk of depression had lower levels of brain health kynurenic acid compared to low-risk individuals, indicating potential harm from tryptophan breakdown.

Girls and women are twice as likely to experience depression compared to men, and the researchers suggested this may be linked to the unbalanced kynurenine pathway’s effects on the brain.

Dr. Nagum Nickhesrat, the first author of the study, expressed hope that the findings could lead to better support for teenagers with depression, possibly through drugs targeting the kynurenine pathway.

Understanding the kynurenine pathway’s role in depression development during teenage years could provide insight into better management strategies for depression.

Read more:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

The Fallacy of Depression: Exploring the Complexities Beyond Just Chemical Imbalances

Posted on by
Reply

The prevailing belief regarding the cause of depression in the brain is centered around some form of chemical imbalance. Pharmaceutical companies often claim in their marketing that antidepressants work by addressing this imbalance. This notion was also embraced by mental health activists aiming to demonstrate that depression isn’t uniform across all individuals, but rather has a “real” biological root.

While many antidepressants do impact various chemical levels in the brain, particularly neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, and glutamic acid, most experts now acknowledge that attributing depression to chemical imbalances is an oversimplified view.

The absence of a standard for defining the “correct” levels further complicates this theory. A significant review of literature published in 2023 has even asserted that there is insufficient evidence supporting a biochemical foundation for depression. While this review generated controversy, some critics argue it’s a far-reaching claim.

Other aspects of brain function also seem to influence a person’s susceptibility to depression and its onset. For instance, overactivation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in this condition. The HPA axis is a network of brain regions responsible for regulating responses to stress.

Several studies have indicated a complex relationship between biochemistry and depression. – Credit: Mary Long

Individuals with depression often exhibit an overactive HPA axis, potentially stemming from early life stress, and show elevated cortisol levels. Dysfunction in the HPA axis can also disrupt levels of other mood-related brain chemicals like serotonin.

Additionally, signs of dysfunction in the brain’s immune system are linked to depression. People with depression tend to have increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in both the body and brain, with neuroinflammation posing a risk factor for depression.

There is evidence suggesting that stressful experiences can trigger this immune dysfunction, contributing to a higher risk of developing depression.

It’s evident that there isn’t a single cause of depression in the brain, but rather a complex interplay of factors. One plausible framework is the idea that depression results from a lack of neuroplasticity. Chronic stress and trauma seem to diminish the brain’s adaptability, leading to a negative bias in memory and thought processes.

Factors like altered brain chemicals, an overactive HPA axis, and neuroinflammation can all contribute to this inflexible state. Various treatments such as antidepressants, brain stimulation, therapy, and exercise can enhance neuroplasticity by promoting new neuron growth and better communication between pleasure and reward centers in the brain.

This article addresses the query “What actually causes brain depression?” from Chloe Reynolds in Bath.

Please send your questions via email to questions@sciencefocus.comor connect with us on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram (please include your name and location).

Explore more:


Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Night Owls Beware: Increased Risk of Depression Identified

Posted on by
Reply

Early risers catch worms, but night owls are more susceptible to depression. A recent study suggests that individuals who prefer staying up late are more likely to experience depressive symptoms.

Research conducted by the University of Surrey reveals that this could be due to the fact that night owls often struggle with poor sleep, exhibit lower levels of mindfulness, and tend to consume more alcohol compared to early birds.

“Late chronotype, also known as ‘eveningness’ or ‘night owl,’ refers to a biological inclination to be active in the evenings and have a later sleep-wake pattern,” explained Cognitive Neuroscience Lecturer Dr. Simon Evans, who led the study, as reported by BBC Science Focus. “Since chronotypes have a genetic basis, being a night owl is a natural biological predisposition.”

Evans and his team surveyed 564 university students on their sleep habits, mindfulness levels, alcohol consumption, as well as their levels of depression and anxiety, which reflect tendencies towards negative thinking about situations and events.

“Late chronotypes are particularly prevalent among young adults, with up to 50% of young adults falling into this category,” noted Evans. “This is concerning as delayed chronotypes are associated with a higher risk of depression, anxiety, and substance use.”

The study confirmed that night owls were significantly more prone to developing depression than early birds and reported higher levels of anxiety.

Students with later chronotypes reported poorer sleep quality compared to early risers, which researchers attributed to “social jet lag.”

“Being a night owl is common among young adults,” said Evans. “Given the importance of mental health in youth, work and educational schedules should accommodate night owls for improved sleep.”

Our preference for morning or evening routines is largely influenced by genetics, with younger adults more likely to prefer later schedules, while older adults tend to be early risers. – Credit: rawpixel via Getty

Furthermore, individuals with a delayed chronotype tended to consume more alcohol, a known risk factor for depression. However, the study did not find a direct association between alcohol consumption and depression among the students involved.

In fact, night owls who consumed alcohol were less likely to experience depression than non-drinkers, although most students consumed alcohol in moderation. Researchers suggest that the social connections formed during drinking may offset the negative effects.

Evans also recommended strategies for night owls to protect themselves from depression, including promoting mindfulness through practices like guided meditation, focusing on improving sleep quality, and reducing alcohol consumption.

This study was recently published in the scientific journal PLOS 1.

Read more:

About our experts:

Dr. Simon Evans is a senior lecturer in cognitive neuroscience at the Faculty of Psychology, University of Surrey. He obtained his PhD from the Institute of Neurology, University College London in 2011 and conducted postdoctoral training at the University of Sussex, where he used MRI techniques to study how genetic factors impact brain activity patterns and cognitive performance. Evans’ primary research interest lies in utilizing brain imaging techniques to explore cognitive changes across the lifespan.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Could this be an innovative approach to treating depression?

Posted on by
Reply

The design of the flow headset resembles a prop from a futuristic movie, featuring a sleek curve and two large circular pads that utilize electrodes to deliver small currents to the brain.

Claimed to aid in treating depression, the company behind the headsets – Flow Neuroscience, priced at £400 (around $520) – boasts a 77% improvement rate in symptoms within just three weeks.

Initially skeptical, I am intrigued by the potential of wearable devices to enhance our well-being. However, I have encountered many grand claims in the past that failed to materialize.

Nevertheless, Flow’s compelling evidence could sway my opinion. Numerous studies have demonstrated the positive impact of the devices on individuals with depression, funded by Flow Neuroscience but conducted by external researchers and mental health professionals.

The most recent research, led by a team from East London University and involving 174 patients in the UK and US, revealed that 56% of those using the flow headset were symptom-free after 10 weeks, prompting consultant psychiatrist Alex O’Neill Kerr to emphasize the significance of these results.

“We’re talking about remission,” O’Neill Kerr remarked. “Symptom-free.”

O’Neill Kerr, who participated in a previous trial with the Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust and prescribes the headset in his practice, shared anecdotes of how the device had transformed the lives of some patients.

Read more:

“Upon initial use, I was astounded,” O’Neill Kerr noted. “Patients are regaining control of their lives. I recently spoke with an individual using a flow device, and it completely turned their life around.”

While not everyone benefits from using the headset, and not all research yields promising outcomes, recent studies have underscored the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) in treating depression. By sending mild currents to the brain, TDCS stimulates less active areas associated with depression, potentially revolutionizing treatment for individuals who are unresponsive to traditional interventions.

In the trial, more than half of the flow headset users had symptoms – Credit: Justinpadget

O’Neill Kerr highlighted the potential of TDCS to address the underlying communication issues in the brain that lead to depression, offering hope to individuals who do not respond to standard treatments.

With milder side effects compared to traditional antidepressants, such as tingling sensations or headaches near the electrodes, TDCS presents a safer and non-addictive alternative that could be used in conjunction with conventional therapies.

While other TDCS headsets like Platowork and brain driver exist, Flow stands out as the sole device endorsed by the NHS due to its proven efficacy. Ongoing research aims to explore TDCS applications beyond mental health, potentially offering relief for conditions like anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and tinnitus.

Envisioning a future where TDCS becomes a standard treatment option, O’Neill Kerr emphasized the profound impact it could have on patients. “It’s restoring your brain to its natural state,” he concluded.

About our experts

Professor Alex O’Neill Kerr, an expert in treating OCD, PTSD, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and addiction therapy, has contributed to publications like bjpsych open, Open Journal of Depression, and Journal of Affective Disorder Reports.

Read more:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Research shows that consuming citrus fruit can help protect against depression by influencing the gut microbiome

Posted on by
Reply

New research reveals a potential protective role for citrus fruits in preventing depression. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a type of bacteria found in the human intestine, and its metabolic activity, may influence the impact of citrus fruits and their flavonoids on mood.

Samuthpontorn et al. We report that citrus intake and its ingredients are positively associated with changes in abundance of 15 intestinal microbial species, including reduced risk of depression and enrichment Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Image credit: Hans.

Depression is a widespread and debilitating condition that affects more than 280 million individuals around the world.

The exact cause of depression is unknown, and treatment is often ineffective.

70% of patients with depression are unable to respond to initial antidepressant treatment and experience unbearable side effects of the drug.

Diet may be a promising tool for preventing and managing depression.

Mediterranean diets are associated with a nearly 35% reduction in the risk of depression, and similar diets show a reduction in mood symptoms.

While the specific food groups underlying these findings remain unknown, recent studies have linked citrus fruits, such as oranges and grapefruits, with a reduced risk of depression.

However, the mechanisms explaining the relationship between diet and depression prevention remain unclear.

In a recent study, Dr. Raaj Mehta, a medical instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Massachusetts General Hospital, along with colleagues, analyzed the interactions between citrus consumption, gut microbiome, and risk of depression in over 32,427 participants.

They prospectively examined the long-term effects of citrus intake on depression, the abundance of gut microbial species, and the potential metabolic pathways related to depression.

“I was collaborating with a talented postdoc named Chatpol Samuthpontorn. He came across a paper from 2016 suggesting that citrus fruits could reduce the risk of depression,” explained Dr. Mehta.

“This finding intrigued us, as we had access to extensive datasets that could help us investigate further.”

“One of these datasets was the Nurse Health Study II (NHS2), which began in 1989 to identify risk factors for major chronic diseases in women.”

“We found evidence in this dataset that nurses who consumed higher amounts of citrus fruits had a lower incidence of depression in the future.”

The authors found that consuming one medium orange per day could reduce the risk of developing depression by about 20%.

“When examining total fruit and vegetable consumption, or other individual fruits like apples and bananas, we did not observe a significant relationship with depression risk,” Dr. Mehta noted.

A unique aspect of this study was that a subset of NHS2 participants provided stool samples over a year for researchers to analyze.

“We used DNA sequencing results from these stool samples to identify links between citrus intake and specific bacterial species in the gut microbiota,” said Dr. Mehta.

“One bacterial species, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, stood out.”

“People who were not depressed had higher levels of this bacterium, and consuming more citrus was also linked to increased levels of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.”

“This bacterium may play a key role in connecting citrus consumption with good mental health.”

“We also investigated similar studies involving men, as NHS2 only included women, and found an inverse correlation between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and depression risk scores in this group,” Dr. Mehta added.

“This raises the question: Does Faecalibacterium prausnitzii contribute to positive mood?”

“One possible explanation is that these bacteria use metabolic pathways, such as the S-adenosyl-L-methionine cycle I pathway, to influence the production of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine in the intestine,” Dr. Mehta explained.

“These neurotransmitters not only influence digestion but can also travel to the brain, where they affect mood.”

“We hope our findings encourage further research into the link between diet and mental health,” Dr. Mehta stated.

“People generally understand that food can impact mood, but researchers are just starting to unravel the specifics.”

A paper detailing these findings was published in the journal Microbiome.

____

C. Samuthpontorn et al. 2024. F. Prausnitzii Potentially modulates the association between citrus intake and depression. Microbiome 12, 237; doi:10.1186/s40168-024-01961-3

Source: www.sci.news

Study suggests that high consumption of fruit may lower risk of depression

Posted on by
Reply

A new study led by scientists at the University of New South Wales confirms that eating fruit can help ward off depression – but eating vegetables does not.

High fruit intake is associated with a reduced risk of developing depression.

Depression is a major public health concern: the global impact of depressive disorders is estimated to be over 50 million years of life lived with disability, making depression the largest contributor to non-fatal disease burden.

More than 80% of this burden is borne by low- and middle-income countries.

Compared with depression in younger adults, depression in older adults has a greater impact on physical and cognitive abilities and is associated with reduced quality of life and increased all-cause mortality.

A growing body of evidence suggests that diet, particularly increasing fruit and vegetable intake, may be important in reducing the risk of depression.

“The aim of this new study was to examine the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and depression in adults aged 45 and over,” said researcher Dr Annabel Mattison, from the University of New South Wales.

The study involved 7,801 non-depressed, community-dwelling adults from multiple sites across six continents, including the United States, Sweden, Brazil, Nigeria, Malaysia and Australia.

The results showed a beneficial association between higher fruit intake and a lower risk of depression over a nine-year period.

“This intriguing finding of a protective relationship between fruit consumption and risk of depression points to the need for greater emphasis on diet in healthcare,” said Dr Mattison.

The results suggested a benefit to vegetable consumption, but the benefit was not statistically significant.

“The reason we found a beneficial association with fruit consumption but not with vegetable consumption may be because fruits are typically consumed raw, whereas vegetables are typically consumed cooked, which may affect their nutritional value,” Dr Mattison said.

“Fruit and vegetable intake was self-reported via a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire, a short food questionnaire, or a dietary history.”

“Depressive symptoms were assessed using validated scales, and depression was defined by applying validated cut-offs.”

“We used Cox regression to examine the association between baseline fruit and vegetable intake and incident depression over 3- to 9-year follow-up periods.”

It has been suggested that the high antioxidant, dietary fiber, and vitamin content of fruits and vegetables may have beneficial effects on depression through a variety of mechanisms, including their role in inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota.

Because fruits and vegetables contain different nutrients, it is also possible that different types of fruits and vegetables may have different effects on depression risk.

The evidence that citrus fruits and green leafy vegetables reduce the risk of depression is particularly strong.

“Future studies that take into account consumption of different types of fruit and vegetables using standardized measures and focus on a larger number of older people, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, are definitely needed,” Professor Henry Brodaty, from the University of New South Wales, said.

“The expanding research currently being conducted into genes associated with dietary intake provides a promising avenue for influencing fruit and vegetable intake.”

“To better understand the association, the types of fruits and vegetables consumed also need to be taken into account, and studies need to be designed to be more comparable across cohorts.”

of study Published in Journal of Affective Disorders.

_____

Annabelle P. Mathison others2024. Associations between fruit and vegetable intake and incident depression in middle-aged and older adults in 10 diverse international longitudinal cohorts. Journal of Affective Disorders 359: 373-381; doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.096

Source: www.sci.news

Research shows that individuals who are unable to burp may experience feelings of anxiety and depression | Latest Science and Technology Updates

Posted on by
Reply

A new study has found that people who are unable to burp due to a rare health condition feel more anxious, depressed and embarrassed.

Published on December 20th, the study was conducted by experts from around the world to investigate the social impact of retrograde cricopharyngeal muscle dysfunction (R-CPD), also known as “inability to burp syndrome.”

R-CPD involves dysfunction of the cricopharyngeus muscle, which prevents the patient from relaxing enough to expel gas. It was first reported in 1987, but it wasn’t given an official name until 2019.

Out of the 199 people who participated in the study, 98% reported feeling bloated, 93% reported a “socially unpleasant rumbling sound,” 89% reported excessive flatulence, and 55% reported difficulty vomiting.

R-CPD patients often have to lie down or force themselves to vomit to relieve painful symptoms.

Although the condition can be treated by injecting Botox into the affected muscles, the treatment is not available on the NHS in the UK and must be carried out in private.

Researchers found that participants reported high levels of embarrassment, anxiety, and depression, which also negatively impacted their relationships and work lives.

Read more from Sky News:
There’s a risk of painful injuries in the bedroom this Christmas
Christmas vegetables that may help fight cancer

“R-CPD is a disease that is unfamiliar to many healthcare providers and leaves patients underserved. It affects not only their daily lives but also their personal and professional relationships. It will affect you.”

“Understanding and raising awareness of the basic characteristics of the disease has the potential to improve diagnosis and treatment rates and improve quality of life.”

A spokesperson for NHS England said: “Clinical evidence for this condition is very limited due to the small number of people coming forward with the condition, but NHS staff have been advised by NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) to Establishing clinical advice, providing care and services appropriate to patients with specific conditions and needs.”

Source: news.sky.com

Hippocampal Taurine Levels Decrease by 20% in Association with Depression

Posted on by
Reply

A groundbreaking study by South Korean researchers has revealed a link between lower levels of taurine in the hippocampus and depression in young women. This discovery, using 7T MRI technology, opens new avenues in the treatment and understanding of depression and highlights the importance of taurine in brain health. Credit: SciTechDaily.com

Precise observation using ultra-high magnetic field 7T MRI. A South Korean research team has discovered for the first time that there is a significant relationship between depression and taurine levels in the hippocampus, an area of the brain responsible for memory and learning functions. This discovery provides an opportunity to promote the role and importance of taurine in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of depression in the future. (source)

Advanced imaging technology reveals important insights. Researchers from the Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI, Director Sung-kwan Yang) biochemical analysis team (Dr. Young-kyu Song, Dr. Ji-hyun Cho, and Dr. Chae-joon Jeong) used ultra-high magnetic field 7T human MRI (7T MRI). (source)

The study was conducted in collaboration with a research team led by Dr. Kim Hyun-jun from the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM) and Professor Song Jin-hoon from Chungnam University (CNU), and compared two groups of female participants. It is, a group of 36 female patients with major depressive disorder, and a control group of 40 healthy women. All participants were between 19 and 29 years old. (source)

(A) Brain regions where spectra were measured (yellow box) (B) 1H MR spectrum of the hippocampus: taurine signal in the hippocampus shown at 3.4 ppm (arrow). Black line: actually measured spectrum. Red line: LCModel fitting spectrum. Credit: Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)

Global impact of depression. Depression is an illness that causes serious damage and loss, not only personally, but also socially and economically. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 260 million people worldwide suffer from depression, and more than 800,000 people take their own lives each year. (source)

What is taurine? Taurine is an aminosulfonic acid acid unlike most others, amino acid, does not build proteins. Instead, it plays several important roles in the body. It is naturally present in the brain, heart, eyes, and muscle tissue. Taurine can be synthesized in the body and can also be obtained from the diet, especially meat, fish, and dairy products. It is also a common ingredient in energy drinks. (source)

Taurine acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain and has a calming effect on the nervous system. It also plays a role in regulating calcium levels in certain cells, contributes to heart function, and has antioxidant properties that protect cells from damage. Taurine’s role in health, particularly heart and brain health, has been the focus of numerous medical studies. (source)

Taurine concentrations in the hippocampus, frontal cortex (anterior cingulate cortex, ACC), and occipital cortex (OCC) (red: depressed patient group, blue: healthy control group). The average taurine concentration within the hippocampus was 0.91 mM in the depressed patient group and 1.13 mM in the healthy control group. Credit: Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)

Pioneering research methods. MRI is widely used in brain disease research because it can accurately scan specific locations within the body and obtain a variety of quantitative information. Previous MRI studies of depression have focused on uncovering changes in metabolites mainly confined to areas of the cerebral cortex at the edges of the brain. This study is the first to reveal the relationship between metabolites in the hippocampus, located inside the brain, and depression. (source)

Detailed analysis of brain metabolites. To identify substances closely associated with depression, the research team identified seven substances that are present in the frontal, occipital, and hippocampal regions of depression: taurine, choline, creatine, glutamine, glutamic acid, myo-inositol, and N-acetylaspartate. The concentrations of two metabolites were measured and compared. young woman. (source)

When performing MRI scans, there are technical limitations to measuring metabolite concentrations within the hippocampus due to the location of the hippocampus in the brain. Taurine is also particularly difficult to obtain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) signals due to its low concentration compared to other metabolites. The research team used 7T MRI, which provides high signal sensitivity and resolution, and an sLASER pulse sequence designed to reduce chemical shift displacement errors, to detect subtle differences in taurine signals in the hippocampi of patient and control groups. succeeded in measuring. (source)

(Left) Dr. Cho Ji-hyun (Right) Dr. Song Young-gyu.Credit: Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)

Implications for future research. Concentrations of metabolites were also precisely measured, taking into account the precise distribution of components of white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is individual-dependent. In the future, it is expected that these measurement results will be applied to brain disease research customized to individual characteristics. (source)

KBSI research team leader Dr. Jee-Hyun Cho said, “This study will advance research on the role of taurine in the hippocampus and its relationship with depression, and will contribute to etiological research and diagnostic development of depression.” he declared. Furthermore, “Using KBSI’s cutting-edge research equipment, we plan to conduct follow-up research on changes in taurine concentration in the brain through long-term observation of patients with depression, as well as the effects of taurine intake as a treatment.” Ta. depression. (source)

collaborative efforts. The KBSI research team proposed an initial research idea on the relationship between depression and hippocampal taurine levels, performed measurements of brain metabolites using 7T MRI, and conducted an analysis of the obtained data. . The research team from KIOM and CNU participated in the recruitment of depressed patients and a healthy control group, conducted psychological tests and clinical interviews, and controlled demographic, (source)

Reference: “Association between hippocampal taurine levels and major depressive disorder in young women: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 7 Tesla” Yong-Gyu Song, Ji-Hyun Cho, Hyun-Jung Kim, Yong-Jim, Yi-Hae Chung, Sunyoung Choi , Jeong-Hon Park, Sungho Tak, Bumwoo Park, Jin-Hun Sohn, Gyunggoo Cho, Chaejoon Cheong, September 5, 2023, biological psychiatry.[source]

DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.025[source]

Source: scitechdaily.com

The use of oral contraceptives correlates with decreased rates of depression

Posted on by
Reply

One study found that women who currently use oral contraceptives have lower rates of depression than women who previously used them. The study, which included 6,239 American women, suggests that reduced pregnancy concerns and potential “survivor bias” may explain this difference.

Researchers analyzed data from 6,239 women in the United States in the new study.

A recent study revealed that women who use oral contraceptive pills (OCP) are less likely to experience depression.

The study analyzed data from 6,239 U.S. women between the ages of 18 and 55. They found that current OCP users had a significantly lower rate of major depression at 4.6%, compared to 11.4% for women who had previously used OCPs.

The study was led by researchers at Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), along with experts from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston and the University of California, Davis.

Possible explanations and observations

The researchers suggest two possible explanations for the study results that run counter to the commonly held belief that OCPs can cause depression.

One is that taking the pill relieves anxiety about unwanted pregnancies and helps OCP users improve their mental health. The results may also have been influenced by “survivor bias,” where women who experienced signs of depression while using OCPs stopped taking them and were placed in the category of former users.

This cross-sectional study used data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and controlled for demographic characteristics, chronic conditions, and antidepressant use.

Among both users and former users, women who were widowed, divorced or separated, obese, or had a history of cancer were more likely to report depression. Additionally, among former users, depression was more commonly reported among women who were black or Hispanic, smoked, had lower education, or experienced poverty.

Meaning and comments

Dr Julia Gawronska, lead author and postdoctoral researcher at Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), said: “Contraception is an important component of preventive health care. Most women tolerate oral contraceptives without experiencing symptoms of depression, but some women experience unpleasant side effects and even depression. It is possible to develop a disease, and the reasons for this are not entirely clear.

“Unlike some previous studies, we found that women currently taking oral contraceptives reported more clinically relevant depression than women who previously took oral contraceptives. Turns out it’s much less likely.

“Taking the pill may have positive mental health effects for some women simply by relieving them of anxiety about pregnancy. A ‘survivor effect’ may also be at play. Women who experience symptoms of depression are more likely to stop taking the drug, placing them in a group of former users.

“However, stopping the pill without a suitable alternative increases the risk of unplanned pregnancy. Make sure women are well supported, well informed and provided with alternative contraceptive methods if necessary.” It is important that it be done.”

References: “The Association between Oral Contraceptive Use and Depression in U.S. Women” by Julia Gawronska, Katherine Meese, Lee Smith, Chao Cao, Nan Wang, and Susan Walker, October 11, 2023. Affective Disorders Journal.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.041

Source: scitechdaily.com

Nighttime exposure to high levels of light linked with higher risk of anxiety and depression

Posted on by
Reply

A large-scale study involving 87,000 participants found that while excessive night-time light exposure increases the risk of mental illness, increasing daytime light can reduce these risks. This groundbreaking study highlights the importance of balancing light exposure for mental health and suggests simple lifestyle adjustments for better health.

Exposure to artificial light at night increases the risk of developing mental illnesses such as anxiety, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.PTSD), with a tendency toward self-harm.

The world’s largest study of the effects of light exposure on mental health, involving nearly 87,000 people, found that increased exposure to light at night increases the risk of mental health conditions such as anxiety, bipolar disorder and PTSD. Not only that, but it has also been shown that the possibility of self-injury increases. harm. Importantly, the study also found that enhancing exposure to natural light during the day may serve as a non-drug approach to reducing the risk of psychosis.

Day and night light exposure: a balancing act

People exposed to high amounts of light at night had a 30 percent increased risk of depression, while those exposed to high amounts of light during the day had a 20 percent decreased risk of depression. A similar pattern of results was found for self-harm, psychosis, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and PTSD. These findings demonstrate that the simple practice of avoiding light at night and seeking brighter light during the day may be an effective non-pharmacological means of alleviating serious mental health problems. is showing.

The study, led by Associate Professor Sean Kane from the Monash School of Psychological Sciences and the Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health in Melbourne, Australia, was published today in the journal Nature Mental Health.

“Our findings have potentially significant societal impact,” said Associate Professor Kane.

“If people understand that light exposure patterns have a huge impact on their mental health, they can take some simple steps to optimize their health. Let in bright light during the day. , it is important to get darkness at night.”

The study’s 86,772 participants, all from UK Biobank, were tested for light exposure, sleep, physical activity and mental health. Associate Professor Kane said the effects of night-time light exposure were independent of demographics, physical activity, season and employment.

“And our findings were consistent when considering shift work, sleep, urban versus rural living, and cardiometabolic health,” he said.

Challenging human biology with modern lighting

Modern, industrialized humanity has literally turned our biological systems upside down. According to Associate Professor Cain, our brains have evolved to function best in bright light during the day and little to no light at night.

“Humans today are challenging this biology, spending about 90% of their days under indoor electric lights that are too dim during the day and too bright at night compared to the natural light-dark cycle. It confuses our bodies and makes us feel sick,” he said.

Reference: “Day and night light exposure is associated with mental illness: an objective light study of over 85,000 people” Angus C. Burns, Daniel P. Windred, Martin K. Rutter, Patrick Olivier, Celine Vetter, Richa Saxena, Jacqueline M Lane, Andrew JK Phillips, Sean W. Kane, October 9, 2023; natural mental health.
DOI: 10.1038/s44220-023-00135-8

Source: scitechdaily.com

Higher Education Linked to Higher Risk of Depression and Anxiety

Posted on by
Reply

Higher education students in the UK are at a slightly higher risk of depression and anxiety compared to non-students, new research shows. However, this difference fades by age 25. This study, which analyzed mental health data from two longitudinal studies, highlights the need for further investigation into the causes of this trend and potential interventions.

Young people in England with higher education are at a slightly higher risk of experiencing depression and anxiety than those without higher education, according to a recent study conducted by researchers at UCL. .

Research paper published in lancet public healthis the first documented evidence of increased cases of depression and anxiety among higher education students compared to non-students.

Mental health disparities will be closed by age 25

The authors found that by age 25, the difference between graduates and non-graduates had disappeared.

Lead author Dr Gemma Lewis (UCL Psychiatry) said: Here we found worrying evidence that students may be at higher risk of depression and anxiety than their peers without higher education.

“The first years of higher education are a critical period for development, so improving young people’s mental health during this period could have long-term benefits for their health and well-being, as well as their academic performance. ” and aim for long-term success. ”

Methodology: Longitudinal studies and mental health assessment

The researchers used data from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE1 and LSYPE2). The original study included 4,832 young people born in 1989-1990 who were 18-19 years old in 2007-2009. The second study included 6,128 participants who were born in 1998-1999 and were 18-19 years old in 2016-2018 (i.e., before the economic collapse). COVID-19 (new coronavirus infection) pandemic). In both studies, just over half had higher education.

Study participants completed a general mental health survey to examine symptoms of depression, anxiety, and social dysfunction at multiple time points over many years.

Findings: Higher education and mental health

Researchers found small differences in symptoms of depression and anxiety between students (including those at universities and other higher education institutions) and non-students aged 18 to 19.

This association persisted even after adjusting for potential confounders such as socioeconomic status, parental education, and alcohol use.

This analysis suggests that if the potential mental health risks of pursuing higher education were eliminated, the incidence of depression and anxiety could be reduced by 6% among people aged 18-19. ing.

Understand the risks and the need for further research

Lead author Dr Tayla MacLeod (UCL Psychiatry) said: “Based on our findings, we cannot say why students are at higher risk of depression and anxiety than others, but it may be related to academic or financial pressures. This increased risk among students has not been found in previous studies, so given that this association has recently emerged, it may be due to increased economic pressures or broader It may be related to concerns about achieving high performance in economic and social situations.

“This finding is particularly worrying as it was expected that higher education students would have better mental health than non-students as they tend to come from, on average, more advantaged backgrounds. Further research is needed to clarify the mental health risks faced by students.

“Increasing our understanding of modifiable risk factors for depression and anxiety is a global health priority, and it is clear that supporting the mental health of young people is critical.”

Reference: ‘The association between higher education attendance and common mental health problems among young people in the UK: Evidence from two population-based cohorts’ Tayla MacLeod, Strahil Kamenoff, Claire Callender, Written by Glyn Lewis and Gemma Lewis; lancet public health.
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(23)00188-3

This research was commissioned and funded by the UK Department for Education.

Source: scitechdaily.com

The Quiet Contributors: How Anxiety and Depression Can Speed Up Cardiovascular Disease

Posted on by
Reply

A recent study presented at the 2023 American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions highlighted the link between mental health and cardiovascular disease. The study found that anxiety and depression can hasten the onset of cardiovascular risk factors, that cumulative stress scores are significantly associated with heart disease, and that mental health has a significant impact on heart health.

Two other studies presented at the same session also linked mental health and heart health, showing that depression and anxiety may accelerate the development of cardiovascular risk factors and critical events. According to one study conducted in Boston, people with a higher genetic susceptibility to stress developed cardiovascular risk factors at a younger age than those without the genetic marker. A separate Dallas-based study found that accumulated stress contributes to negative health behaviors such as smoking, leading to worsened cardiovascular health.

The American Heart Association emphasizes that mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and stress increase the risk of poor heart health. Two new studies have found that a person’s mental state may affect their health to a greater extent than previously thought.

One study examined the mechanisms by which mental state affects heart health, finding that depression and anxiety accelerate the development of new cardiovascular risk factors. Researchers found that people with depression or anxiety developed new risk factors on average six months earlier than those without mental health conditions, and were at a higher risk for major cardiovascular events. Another study showed that cumulative stress scores were significantly associated with increased risks of atherosclerosis and overall cardiovascular disease.

Researchers encouraged more frequent screenings for cardiovascular risk factors in people with depression and anxiety, and suggested that treatment for these mental health conditions may reduce the acceleration of cardiovascular risk factors.

The two studies presented at the 2023 American Heart Association Scientific Sessions underscore the interdependence of mental and heart health, and emphasize the need for proactive care for mental health conditions in order to improve overall heart health.

Source: scitechdaily.com