Chronic Fatigue Syndrome May Have a Significant Genetic Influence.

Chronic fatigue syndrome has multiple influencing factors, with genetics starting to emerge as a key player.

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Recent research is illuminating how genetics contributes to the development of chronic fatigue syndrome, also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS). This latest study, the most extensive of its kind to date, identifies over 250 genes, significantly outpacing previous discoveries. The findings paves the way for targeted treatments for ME/CFS and enriches our understanding of how it varies from conditions like long COVID-19.

“We are exploring numerous possibilities, including new treatment options and repurposing existing medications,” remarks Steve Gardner of Precision Life in Oxford.

ME/CFS is a chronic and often debilitating illness characterized primarily by severe fatigue following even minor exertion. The cause is often linked to infections, yet not every individual exposed to these infections goes on to develop symptoms.

To deepen the understanding of this condition, Gardner’s team analyzed genomic information from over 10,500 individuals diagnosed with ME/CFS. This data originated from the DecodeME project, which notably found that patients with ME/CFS possess distinct genetic characteristics when compared to individuals without the disorder.

Subsequently, Gardner and colleagues cross-referenced this data with information from the UK Biobank, focusing on genetic variations known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which occur when one letter of the genetic code is altered.

While traditional analyses often evaluate one SNP at a time, Gardner notes, “The complexity of disease biology doesn’t operate that way. Multiple genes interact, with some enhancing and others diminishing each other’s effects.”

In a different approach, the researchers sought groups of SNPs linked to the risk of developing ME/CFS, uncovering 22,411 such groups drawn from 7,555 combinations of SNPs, out of an extensive dataset of over 300,000. They also discovered that individuals with a higher count of these SNP groups faced an increased likelihood of developing ME/CFS.

“This is where their progress begins,” adds Jacqueline Cliff from Brunel University, London.

The researchers proceeded to map the SNPs to 2,311 genes. Each gene plays a subtle role in an individual’s risk, culminating in the identification of 259 “core” genes that had a robust association with ME/CFS and contained the most frequently observed SNPs. This represents a profound advancement from the earlier August study, which identified only 43 genes.

“For drug discovery, it’s essential to focus on variants with greater prevalence and significant effect sizes,” Gardner states. While there are currently no specific medications for ME/CFS, symptomatic treatments like pain relievers and antidepressants may be offered, along with resources for energy management.

Danny Altman, a professor at Imperial College London, expresses optimism that investigations like this will highlight the severe impact of ME/CFS, a condition that has long been misunderstood. “We are gaining momentum in understanding genomics and pathophysiology.”

Previous studies have sought to pinpoint genetic risk factors for ME/CFS, but often duplicated findings. “It’s primarily about scale and statistical power,” explains Altman, emphasizing that inadequate sample sizes can overlook significant genetic signals.

In August, DecodeME researchers indicated several mutations in eight genomic regions, identifying 43 genes with links to ME/CFS risk, though not all could be validated in independent datasets. Nevertheless, PrecisionLife verified all eight regions, reinforcing their status as legitimate risk factors for the ailment.

ME/CFS is frequently compared to long COVID, given that both arise from infections and frequently result in post-exertional fatigue. In this recent study, researchers aimed to explore the connections between these conditions by analyzing gene lists associated with ME/CFS against those linked with long COVID-19. “Approximately 42 percent of the genes identified in long COVID-19 have been demonstrated in multiple cohorts of ME,” Gardner observes, underscoring the partially overlapping nature of these two diseases.

Despite this, Cliff cautioned that differing analyses of long COVID patients limit researchers’ confidence in the outcomes. The authors indicate that their genetic overlap findings represent a “minimal estimate,” implying a greater genetic similarity than previously assumed between these conditions.

Altman and his colleagues, including Rosemary Boyton, have recently secured £1.1 million in funding to explore the potential links between ME/CFS and long COVID-19. The focus will be on recruiting individuals with both conditions to conduct a comprehensive analysis that includes an overview of participants’ health, the immune system, and aspects such as latent viruses within the body and gut microbiome, believed to be contributors to these symptoms.

By delving into the mechanisms behind ME/CFS and long COVID, as well as individual variations, Altman aspires to create tailored interventions.

topic:

  • genetics/
  • chronic fatigue syndrome

Source: www.newscientist.com

Study: Chronic Severe River Drought Caused the Collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization

According to a recent study, severe and long-lasting river droughts, lasting over 85 years each, impacted the Indus basin from 4,400 to 3,400 years ago. This finding may provide insights into the gradual decline of this ancient civilization and underscores how environmental factors can influence historical societies.

An artist’s reconstruction of the gates and drainage channels of the ancient city of Harappa. Image credit: Chris Sloan.

The Indus Valley Civilization, one of the earliest urban cultures, thrived between 5,000 and 3,500 years ago along the Indus River and its tributaries in present-day Pakistan and northwestern India.

During its zenith, around 4,500 to 3,900 years ago, the civilization was noted for its advanced urban centers and sophisticated systems for managing water resources.

Despite this, the reasons behind the protracted decline following its peak remain largely elusive.

“The Indus River played a crucial role in the growth of the ancient Indus Valley civilization by offering a consistent water source for agriculture, trade, and communication,” stated Dr. Bimal Mishra from the Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar and his colleagues.

“Civilizations prospered near the Indus River and its tributaries approximately 5,000 years ago and evolved over time.”

“The mature Harappan phase (4,500 to 3,900 years ago) was marked by meticulously planned cities, advanced water management techniques, and an intricate writing system.”

“However, post 3,900 years ago, the Harappan civilization began to deteriorate and eventually fell into decline.”

“The causes for this decline are still under discussion. Potential factors encompass shifts in river dynamics influenced by climate change, ocean retreat, drought, flooding, and alterations in social and political structures.”

“Understanding ancient hydroclimatic events and their impact on societies provides vital insights into the susceptibility of complex societies to environmental pressures.”

For this research, the authors simulated climate patterns in the Indus Valley from 5,000 to 3,000 years ago.

They integrated these findings with various indirect climate indicators, including the geochemistry of stalactites and stalagmites from two caves in India and water level data from five lakes in northwestern India.

The results indicated that temperatures rose by approximately 0.5 degrees Celsius during this time, while average annual precipitation in the region decreased by 10% to 20%.

They were able to identify four significant drought periods lasting over 85 years between 4,450 and 3,400 years ago, impacting 65% to 91% of the Indus Valley area.

“These droughts affected the selection of settlement locations in the Indus Valley Civilization,” the researchers noted.

“From 5,000 to 4,500 years ago, settlements were primarily situated in regions with abundant rainfall.”

“However, after 4,500 years ago, they shifted closer to the Indus River as drought conditions began to limit water availability.”

“The last identified drought, lasting 113 years from 3,531 to 3,418 years ago, corresponds with archaeological evidence of significant urbanization in the Indus Valley Civilization.”

“Instead of collapsing abruptly due to sudden climate changes, the Indus civilization likely faced a gradual decline, with extended drought being a key factor,” concluded the researchers.

Their study was published on November 27 in the journal Communication Earth and Environment.

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H. Solanki et al. 2025. River drought forcing Harappan metamorphosis. Communication Earth and Environment 6,926; doi: 10.1038/s43247-025-02901-1

Source: www.sci.news

Kiwifruit, Rye Bread, and Mineral-Rich Water May Alleviate Chronic Constipation

This is grounded in the inaugural evidence presented in the Dietary guidelines for adults experiencing chronic constipation. Published in the Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics and the Neurogastroenterology and Motility, the new guidelines highlight that incorporating psyllium fiber supplements, specific probiotic strains, and magnesium oxide supplements may enhance constipation relief.

To enhance certain outcomes related to constipation, recommendations include kiwifruit, rye bread, highly mineralized water, psyllium supplements, specific probiotic strains, and magnesium oxide supplements. Image credit: Aziz3625.

Constipation is a persistent condition that significantly affects quality of life and places a considerable economic strain on both individuals and healthcare systems.

Previous clinical guidelines offered limited and often outdated dietary advice, such as suggestions to increase fiber and fluid intake.

In contrast to older guidelines, the latest recommendations are founded on several thorough systematic reviews and meta-analyses, employing the GRADE framework to evaluate evidence quality.

Professor Kevin Whelan from King’s College London stated, “This new guidance represents a positive development towards empowering health professionals and their patients to manage constipation via dietary means.”

“This means individuals worldwide suffering from constipation can now receive current advice based on the best available evidence to enhance their symptoms and health outcomes.”

“With ongoing research, we have a genuine opportunity to significantly improve quality of life.”

Professor Whelan and his team analyzed over 75 clinical trials, formulating 59 recommendations and pinpointing 12 key research priorities.

“Chronic constipation can greatly influence your daily routine,” noted Dr. Eirini Dimidi from King’s College London.

“For the first time, we outline effective dietary strategies and identify advice lacking robust evidence.”

“By improving this condition through dietary modifications, individuals can better manage their symptoms and, hopefully, enhance their quality of life.”

The recommendations also examine constipation outcomes like stool frequency, consistency, straining, and overall quality of life, thereby allowing for more tailored care based on individual symptoms.

Clinician-friendly resources have also been created to facilitate the implementation of these guidelines in practices globally.

An analysis of the evidence indicates that while certain foods and supplements provide benefits, the overall quality of existing research remains low.

Most studies have concentrated narrowly on single interventions instead of comprehensive dietary strategies, emphasizing the pressing need for improved nutritional research in managing constipation.

“Adopting a high-fiber diet offers numerous health benefits and is generally advised for constipation,” Dr. Dimidi stated.

“However, our guidelines indicate insufficient evidence to confirm that it is effective, particularly for constipation.”

“Instead, our research has revealed some novel dietary strategies that may genuinely assist patients.”

“Simultaneously, there is an urgent necessity for high-quality trials to reinforce our understanding of what works and what doesn’t.”

Source: www.sci.news

Balancing Immune Health and Chronic Inflammation: A Delicate Trade-off

The immune system may be even more intricate than we previously realized

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Having an adequately functioning immune system for extended lifespans might come with the trade-off of chronic inflammation. Some immune cells are programmed to undergo inflammatory deaths to protect against infections, but this can also happen randomly when no pathogens are present.

Our innate immune system comprises cell groups that react swiftly to invasive pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. These cells typically detect microorganisms when they invade or infect them.

“With minimal information such as molecules of viral DNA, immune cells can swiftly decide on a course of action, often opting for self-destruction,” says Randal Halfman from the University of Kansas Cancer Center.

This type of cell death, known as pyroptosis, is triggered by a double death domain protein. These proteins usually float within innate immune cells, but upon encountering pathogens, they assemble into crystal-like structures. This action activates another protein that kills the cells by creating holes, leading to ruptures and releasing inflammatory signals that assist the immune system in pathogen clearance.

To delve deeper into this process, Halfman and his team carried out various laboratory experiments investigating human death-fold domain proteins in yeast cells. This process allowed them to identify five types of these proteins with chemical characteristics that predispose them to naturally form crystal-like structures in the absence of pathogens. They then analyzed existing data to assess the levels of these proteins in uninfected human immune cells.

From this analysis, we determined that certain innate immune cells, such as macrophages that engulf and eliminate pathogens, possess five times more death-fold domain proteins at concentrations sufficient to spontaneously assemble and trigger cell death. “At high enough concentrates, these particles are more likely to randomly conform into crystal structures during the cell’s lifespan,” Halfman explains.

Such phenomena can accumulate with age, contributing to chronic inflammation associated with various conditions, including cancer and Alzheimer’s disease, according to Halfman. “It seems we’ve evolved this way to fend off infections, but it may also lead to chronic inflammation,” he asserts.

This pathway provides protection against infections from birth and enhances our likelihood of aging, though it might also predispose us to inflammation-related diseases later in life, Halfman notes. “If these persistent irritations continue over time, the resulting inflammatory damage can accumulate,” he elaborates. Andy Clark from the University of Birmingham, UK, agrees.

The development of medications that prevent spontaneous cell death could potentially alleviate chronic inflammation related to aging, Halfman suggests. However, Clark cautions that this might render individuals more vulnerable to infections.

topic:

  • Immune system/
  • inflammation

Source: www.newscientist.com

Walking Regularly Could Lower the Risk of Chronic Lower Back Pain

In recent research published in the journal Jama Network Open, it was found that daily walking volume and intensity are inversely related to the risk of chronic lower back pain. The results indicate that walking volume may provide more substantial benefits compared to walking intensity.

Individuals who engage in regular walking experience less back pain than those who do not walk frequently. Volume is more crucial than intensity. Image credit: Tung Lam.

Back pain impacts individuals of all ages and is a leading cause of functional health loss, accounting for an estimated 7.7% of all years lived with disability.

In the United States, lower back pain is the most prevalent form of chronic pain, contributing significantly to medical costs alongside neck pain.

The burden of back pain is expected to rise over the coming decades, presenting a major challenge for the sustainability of healthcare systems.

To mitigate this burden, it is important to identify modifiable factors that can be addressed through policies and preventive strategies.

Physical activity is advised in guidelines for managing chronic low back pain.

However, explicit recommendations for physical activity aimed at the primary prevention of chronic low back pain remain unclear.

Walking, a popular form of leisure physical activity among adults, is linked to a reduced risk of various non-communicable diseases and conditions.

Nevertheless, the relationship between walking and the risk of chronic lower back pain has been largely underexplored.

“Individuals who walk for over 100 minutes daily have a 23% lower risk of lower back issues compared to those who walk for 78 minutes or less,” explained PhD candidate Rayane Haddadj from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.

“While it’s likely not shocking that physical activity benefits your back, until now, we lacked clarity on whether low-intensity walking could help.”

“Strength is also a factor in the risk of chronic back issues, but daily walking volume plays a more significant role.”

A total of 11,194 individuals took part in the Trøndelag Health Study (The Hunt Study).

This study is distinctive as it measured daily walking volume and strength through sensors worn on the participants’ thighs over the course of a week.

“These findings highlight the importance of allocating time for physical activity to prevent chronic back problems and other health issues,” remarked Professor Paul Jarl Mork of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.

“In the long run, this can result in substantial savings for society.”

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Rayane Haddadj et al. 2025. The amount and intensity of walking and the risk of chronic lower back pain. Jama Netw Open 8 (6): E2515592; doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.15592

Source: www.sci.news

Tailored Brain Implants Offer Lasting Relief from Chronic Pain

Deep brain stimulation is already utilized for Parkinson’s disease

Living Art Enterprise/Science Photo Library

Brain implants capable of detecting pain and responding with deep brain stimulation may provide relief for individuals suffering from previously untreated chronic pain.

Chronic pain affects approximately 20% of the population in the United States, and many find little relief through traditional pain management approaches. This could be due to underlying changes in brain circuitry.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) involves using tiny electrodes to stimulate the brain, showing potential but also yielding inconsistent outcomes. The conventional method has typically applied a one-size-fits-all targeting of brain regions, despite indications that pain can stem from varying circuits in different individuals.

Thus, Prasad Shirvalkar and his team at the University of California, San Francisco, explored whether a personalized system might yield better results. In their study, six individuals with previously untreated chronic pain had their intracranial brain activity recorded and stimulated across 14 locations in the brain for ten days.

Out of five participants, the researchers pinpointed specific sites and stimulus frequencies that resulted in the most significant pain relief. While one participant noted no substantial relief, he could hold his wife for the first time in years, a notable improvement in his physical capabilities.

The research team employed machine learning to analyze and differentiate the electrical patterns associated with high and low pain levels. Consequently, they implanted permanent DBS electrodes personalized for each participant to monitor brain activity and optimize stimulation for pain detection and deactivation during sleep.

After six months of adjustments, each device underwent a trial where participants experienced real personalized stimulation for three months, followed by fake stimulation for another three months, or vice versa. The false stimulation targeted non-ideal locations with very low frequencies, and pain metrics were monitored multiple times daily throughout the trial.

On average, authentic stimulation led to a 50% reduction in daily pain intensity compared to the increase observed with spurious stimulation. Notably, the daily step counts increased by 18% during the false stimulation phase. Participants also reported fewer depressive symptoms and less pain interfering with daily life when undergoing real stimulation. These improvements persisted for over 3.5 years post-trial.

“This significant study employs the latest tools,” remarks Tim Dennison from Oxford University.

A previous challenge with DBS technology involved habituation; the brain would adapt to continuous stimulation, diminishing its effectiveness. Dennison suggests that extended benefits may arise from stimulating participants only when pain levels are elevated. The next phase will involve comparing adaptive versus constant stimuli to evaluate differences in outcomes.

“The other major hurdle lies in the economic feasibility and scalability of this method,” Dennison notes.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Effective Solutions for Chronic Sinus Conditions May Fall Short

Individuals with sinusitis may experience inflammation in their sinuses.

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Surgery is generally considered a last option for those suffering from chronic nasal blockages or persistent runny noses. However, it may prove to be more effective than the commonly prescribed antibiotics for this condition in certain circumstances.

Chronic sinusitis affects 9% of the global population. It arises when the sinuses—the cavities that produce mucus—become inflamed. Typical symptoms include nasal blockage or discharge, a diminished sense of smell, and facial pain lasting over 12 weeks. The specific cause is often unclear, although it can stem from viral infections or alterations in the nasal microbiome.

The primary treatment typically starts with anti-inflammatory nasal sprays and daily saline rinses. If symptoms persist, doctors may prescribe a three-month course of clarithromycin, utilized more for its anti-inflammatory effects than its antibacterial action, according to Carl Philpott from the University of East Anglia, UK.

As a last resort, patients may undergo surgery to enlarge their sinuses or to remove benign growths, such as polyps. This approach is needed in approximately 5% of cases. Nonetheless, no prior studies have directly contrasted the outcomes of surgery with those of antibiotics.

To address this gap, Philpott and his team enrolled over 500 adults with chronic sinusitis. Participants evaluated the severity of 22 symptoms, including facial pain and nasal congestion, averaging a score of 55 out of 110.

Participants were then randomly assigned to either a three-month regimen of clarithromycin, placebo pills, or surgical intervention. All were also instructed to use nasal sprays and conduct saline rinses.

Six months later, those on clarithromycin or placebo reported a symptom severity reduction of around 10 points compared to their baseline scores. According to Claire Hopkins from King’s College London, the improvement was noted in both the antibiotic and placebo groups, indicating it was likely due to nasal spraying and rinsing.

Conversely, the surgical group experienced a symptom improvement of approximately 30 points compared to their pre-surgery state, suggesting that such procedures should be prioritized over antibiotics, Hopkins believes.

However, there are significant factors to consider. Around 80% of the participants had nasal polyps and might have been at risk of contracting coronavirus during the study, as it was conducted amid the Covid-19 pandemic. Hopkins states that this type of inflammation often leads to polyps. More research is required to determine if the findings apply to those without polyps, who may experience different inflammation types.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Significant Genetic Variations Identified in Individuals with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Genetics could play a significant role in the development of chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis.

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Recent large-scale studies have identified genetic factors that might increase the risk of developing chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). Researchers have associated eight regions of the human genome with this condition based on DNA analyses from over 15,000 affected individuals.

“Our research offers the first strong evidence for genetic influences,” says Sonya Chowdhury from the UK charity Action for ME.

In the long term, these findings may aid in creating new diagnostic tools and treatments for ME/CFS. This condition has been recognized for decades and is primarily characterized by a debilitating response to minimal exertion, often accompanied by fatigue after mental effort.

Chowdhury adds that the results provide “recognition and validation” for individuals suffering from this condition. “Many people have been dismissed with comments such as, ‘It’s not a real illness,'” she explains. “They visited doctors who often downplayed their symptoms.”

“This represents a significant breakthrough for patients,” notes Andy Devereux Cooke, co-founder of Science for ME, a forum supporting those with the condition.

The research, termed Decode, involved analysis of DNA from over 15,500 individuals with ME/CFS against approximately 260,000 samples from unaffected individuals.

“Eight genetic signals were identified,” explains Chris Ponting from the University of Edinburgh, UK. These genomic regions appear to differ significantly in individuals with ME/CFS, suggesting that genetic variants in these areas could influence the likelihood of developing the condition. The findings were announced at a press briefing but have not yet been published in scientific journals or preprint platforms.

Among these eight regions, the research team pinpointed 43 protein-coding genes, with 29 deemed particularly noteworthy. “Delving into these genetic signals reveals associations with both immune and nervous system functions,” Ponting states. “Notably, the activity of these genes is prevalent in brain tissue, indicating a potential link to nervous system involvement.”

Additionally, researchers uncovered immune system-related genes, particularly rabgap1l, which may significantly heighten the risk of CFS. This aligns with anecdotal reports from many individuals with the condition, who often cite prior mild infections as precursors to their symptoms.

“I believed there was something distinct about the immune systems of individuals suffering from ME/CFS,” comments Jackie Cliff from Brunel University in London, noting that this study represents a substantial advancement in ME/CFS research.

Despite the fact that ME/CFS is significantly more prevalent in women, this study found no differences in genetic susceptibility between men and women. However, the team has yet to analyze the X and Y sex chromosomes.

The next steps involve examining these eight genome regions in greater depth to comprehend how genetic variations translate into molecular and cellular processes, both with and without ME/CFS. This could potentially pave the way for diagnostic tests and targeted treatments addressing the fundamental mechanisms of the disorder. However, this progress is contingent upon securing research funding, which is currently limited, says Cliff.

ME/CFS is estimated to impact 67 million individuals globally. A 2017 report from Think Tank 20/20 Health estimated that it incurs costs of £3.3 billion annually to the UK economy due to decreased productivity and healthcare expenses. “It’s an overlooked and marginalized illness that deserves attention and investment,” emphasizes Ponting.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Managing Negative Emotions May Help Alleviate Chronic Pain

Many individuals endure chronic pain for years or even decades

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Understanding how to manage negative emotions like anxiety can help ease chronic pain. Research shows certain therapies that emphasize pain tolerance may be more effective than current treatments.

“Chronic pain is not just a physical sensation; it’s deeply emotional,” explains Nell Norman Knott from the University of New South Wales, Australia. “Around 80% of those with chronic pain experience heightened levels of anxiety and depression,” she adds, noting how existing pain exacerbates negative feelings, intensifying the pain experience.

To assess if this cycle could be disrupted, Norman Knott and her team implemented a program inspired by dialectical behavioral therapy, a variation of cognitive behavioral therapy catering to those with strong emotions. The program centered on mindfulness, emotional management, and pain tolerance.

Eighty-nine chronic pain sufferers, averaging 16 years of discomfort, were assigned to either an 8-week online therapy program with therapists or to receive their prior treatments, such as medications or physical therapy.

After nine weeks, the treatment group showed a roughly 5-point improvement in emotional regulation on a scale of 18-90 compared to the control group. Their pain intensity began to decrease by week 21, and after six months, participants in the control group reported significantly less pain.

“This is both intriguing and hopeful,” remarks Benedict Alter from the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He notes that it could particularly benefit individuals without easy access to in-person care. “The online format is significant, as a small number of providers offering treatment is a substantial challenge, often limited to urban settings.”

While the specific mechanisms behind pain reduction remain unclear, he asserts, “Better emotional regulation correlates with improved quality of life, resulting in less pain and decreased functional impairment. Future studies with larger sample sizes could elucidate these mechanisms.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

RFK Jr. strolls through Arizona on a journey through chronic disease

The sun smashed through the sandstone arches of window rocks in northeastern Arizona, and Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. of Blue Jeans finally became his element: Hiking.

It was his final day of his multi-state Make American Healthy Tour. It is designed to highlight various aspects of Kennedy’s plan to combat chronic illness, including healthy school lunches and clinics, which take a holistic approach to patient care.

Currently, the Health Secretary is on a walk with the Navajo president, representatives of the National Council and representative director of Indian Health Services, discussing the challenges of providing quality health care to tribal groups. Here, weaving in the desert brush, Mr. Kennedy seemed to be striking his journey.

Kennedy had left Washington on questions about the handling of measles outbreaks in western Texas and the firing of thousands of Department of Health and Human Services employees. On his way out west, he had to stop by Texas on Sunday to attend the funeral of an 8-year-old who had not been vaccinated.

And at the start of the tour the following day, Kennedy looked stoic as he was led by Salt Lake City Health Center, focusing on nutritious diets. He declined a bag of fresh groceries, citing upcoming flights. In “Training Kitchen,” he dropped ice cubes, dribbled mango lassi, and stood faceless as the medical students reached to activate the secretary’s food processor without a lid. (The administrator stopped her just in time.)

“That would have been a bad thing,” the student said. I glanced at the secretary’s white shirt and pressed my suit. Finally, Kennedy broke a smile.

By Tuesday, Kennedy had loosened, wearing a stegosaurus tie at a health center near Phoenix and shaking hands with a Navajo toddler. The Health Secretary thrusts his head into the food distribution centre’s refrigerator, looks up the food label and nods “very impressive.”

There was one minor fake PA at a tribal conference of 1,300 people who tried to show off their knowledge of dress for Wampanoag, who lives in Cape Cod and Martha’s Vineyards in Massachusetts. (“My home tribe,” he said.) When he spoke from the glittering casino stage, he pointed out the tribe’s chairman’s traditional Shellbead earrings and necklaces, and announced, “If you want to know what Wampum originally looked like, she’s a museum piece!” (She was breathless.)

At a press conference on the school lunch assembly at the Arizona State Capitol, Kennedy was adjacent to dozens of school children. There was a loud applause, “I’m off to Bobby!” a chant from behind. By then he was shining.

On the hiking trail Wednesday morning, Kennedy got a glimpse of the persona he once exhibited on the presidential trail. From heroin addiction By throwing yourself into a new extreme.

He first scrambled towards the top of the window rock formation, a balanced silhouette of 1,000 feet of the valley floor.

When it comes to his own battle with chronic illness, Kennedy relies on natural diet, intermittent fasting, and morning routines such as 12-step meetings, gym time, and meditation. However, since arriving in Washington, he had to give up his favorite daily ritual. It’s a 3-mile hike with your dog.

On the trek, authorities discussed initiatives like the Navajo long-standing 2% tax on junk food, which was adopted as part of a law passed in 2014. They also spoke about the Navajo Agricultural Industry, a tribal program that sells corn, beans and other products under the “Navajo Pride” brand to support the community.

To close the tour in the southwest, Kennedy visited the Hózhó Academy in Gallup, New Mexico, a K-12 school that hosts family-friendly gardening and cooking events and uses the curriculum to help students plan their own health goals.

Epidemiologists say there are factors that promote the rate of promotion of chronic disease, such as genetics, altered gut microbiota, and the fact that Americans generally live longer and therefore face new conditions with age.

Kennedy says there is a tendency to deemphasize these factors, and these experts say they have instead focused on childhood vaccine schedules, psychiatric medications and other variables. But here on the tour, Kennedy maintained most of his personal health attention as an important way to deal with the crisis.

The enthusiasm of the secretary taking on a large food company seems to match more with the traditional political left than the right. As he called it, the fight against artificial food dyes called “poison” is an echo of existing California law, and his school visits are reminiscent of Michelle Obama’s Let’s Move! A campaign to take on obesity in children.

For some, Kennedy’s advocacy of healthy food laws comes at a paradoxical moment. This is because last week the Food and Drug Administration’s extensive layoffs included lab scientists who tested contaminant foods. The administration also eliminated major food safety commissions and cut funding for state-based food inspectors.

And Kennedy promoted chronic disease prevention, which eliminated important efforts like the 29-year-old research initiative, the Diabetes Prevention Program. On his descent from the hike, a representative from the Navajo Council of States, struggling to get his diabetes medication, intercepted the secretary, unzipped his jacket and revealed the t-shirt with handwritten phrases. (IHS stands for Federal India Health Services.)

“A subtle message,” she said.

Kennedy promised her that he would talk to his team and see what he could do. She tied her arms to Kennedy, who was worried about maintaining Kennedy’s balance, and put it all the way down.

Source: www.nytimes.com

Kennedy embarks on tour despite ongoing battle with chronic illness

Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. will embark on a tour of the Southwest on Monday, focusing on nutrition and lifestyle choices as tools to combat disease. This tour, known as the Make America Healthy Tour, will take Kennedy through parts of Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. The opening day of the tour is expected to be controversial.

Questions about the federal government’s response to the measles outbreak in West Texas have been raised, with the recent death of an unvaccinated child adding to the concerns. Kennedy attended the child’s funeral before continuing to Utah.

During the three-day tour, Kennedy’s staff plans to visit multiple health centers, a medical school teaching kitchen, meet with Navajo leaders, and visit a charter school in New Mexico to promote healthy lifestyles for students.

Since taking office, Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s policies have stirred controversy, particularly his stance on vaccinations. His recent public statements indicate a shift towards supporting vaccines as an effective way to prevent diseases like measles.

While some public health experts remain skeptical of Kennedy’s position on vaccines, he plans to address the issue during a press conference in Salt Lake City. Kennedy will also discuss the importance of removing fluoride from drinking water, a topic he has advocated for in the past.

Kennedy’s views on vaccination and fluoridation have generated debate, but his tour aims to raise awareness about the role of nutrition and lifestyle in preventing diseases like measles. The tour is a platform for Kennedy to promote health initiatives and engage with communities in the Southwest.

Healthy foods and exercise play a role in limiting the outcomes of infectious diseases, but vaccination remains the best preventive measure. Dr. Michael Mina emphasizes the importance of vaccination in preventing measles infections.

Kennedy’s tour will address the importance of preventive measures like vaccination, while also focusing on issues like fluorination of drinking water. The debate around fluoridation has a long history, with conflicting views on its benefits and potential risks.

As Kennedy continues his tour of the Southwest, he will explore the intersection of nutrition, lifestyle choices, and public health initiatives. His approach to promoting health and wellness reflects a broader conversation about disease prevention and community well-being.

Source: www.nytimes.com

Using Inhalable Nanoparticles to Treat COPD, a Chronic Lung Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affects the lungs

Sebastian Kauricki/Science Photo Library

Using inhalable nanoparticles to deliver drugs to the lungs could help treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In mice with signs of the condition, treatment improved lung function and reduced inflammation.

COPD causes the airways in the lungs to gradually narrow and stiffen, blocking airflow and blocking mucus drainage. As a result, mucus builds up in the lungs, attracting bacterial pathogens that further worsen the disease.

This thick layer of mucus also traps drugs, making it difficult to treat infections. So, Zhu Junliang Researchers at China's Dongzhou University have developed inhalable nanoparticles that can penetrate mucus and deliver drugs deep into the lungs.

The researchers constructed hollow nanoparticles from porous silica and loaded them with an antibiotic called ceftazidime. A shell of negatively charged compounds surrounding the nanoparticles blocked the pores and prevented the antibiotic from leaking. This negative charge also helps the nanoparticles penetrate mucus. The slight acidity of the mucus then changes the charge on the shell from negative to positive, opening the pores and releasing the drug.

Researchers used an inhalation spray containing nanoparticles to treat bacterial lung infections in six mice with signs of COPD. A similar number of animals received antibiotics only.

On average, mice treated with nanoparticles had about 98 percent fewer pathogenic bacteria in their lungs compared to mice given antibiotics alone. They also had fewer inflammatory molecules in their lungs and less carbon dioxide in their blood, indicating better lung function.

These findings suggest that nanoparticles could improve drug delivery to people with COPD and other lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, where thick mucus makes infections difficult to treat. It has said. vincent rotello from the University of Massachusetts Amherst was not involved in the study. However, it is unclear whether these nanoparticles are cleared from the lungs. “If you have a delivery system that accumulates over time, that's a problem,” he says.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

The Potential of Acupuncture for Managing Chronic Urticaria

A recent study of more than 300 chronic spontaneous attack urticaria (CSU) patients found that acupuncture may provide limited symptom relief, but the clinical significance remains unclear. . An accompanying editorial highlights the potential of acupuncture in the treatment of non-painful conditions and the need for widespread clinical openness to its use.

A randomized controlled study of more than 300 participants diagnosed with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), or hives, suggests that acupuncture may provide some symptom relief. However, the clinical significance of these results remains unclear. This study was recently published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine.

CSU is the most common form of chronic urticaria and is characterized by recurrent itching, skin lesions, or swelling that lasts for more than 6 weeks in the absence of a specific provoking factor. More than 90 percent of CSU patients require urgent treatment to relieve itching. Therefore, itch management is one of the main goals in the treatment of CSU.

Effect of acupuncture on CSU

Researchers at Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine randomly assigned 330 people diagnosed with CSU to either 4 weeks of acupuncture, 4 weeks of sham acupuncture, or a waiting list (control), and 4 weeks after treatment. Patients were followed for weeks to see if the acupuncture treatment improved. It leads to the improvement of CSU symptoms. Symptom changes were measured using the Weekly Urticaria Activity Score (UAS7).

Patients in the acupuncture group reported improved UAS7 compared to sham acupuncture and waitlist management. However, the clinical significance of the observed reduction in itch severity scores is unclear, as the difference between intervention and control did not meet the minimum clinical difference (MCID) threshold. The incidence of adverse events was highest in the acupuncture group, but the adverse events were mild and transient.

Editorial insights and broader implications

An accompanying editorial by Mike Cummings of the British Medical Acupuncture Society highlights that these trial results are interesting because they illustrate the effectiveness of acupuncture in conditions not characterized by pain.

Although the clinical significance of this finding was not clear, the authors believe that clinicians may use acupuncture as an adjunct to influence outcomes, even in more severe disease states. This suggests that you should always keep this in mind. The editorial suggests that acupuncture is often ignored as a treatment because it lacks commercial support compared to other modern interventions.

Reference: “Efficacy of acupuncture treatment for chronic spontaneous urticaria” Hui Zheng, Xian-Jun Xiao, Yun-Zhou Shi, Lei-Xiao Zhang, Wei Cao, Qian-Hua Zheng, Feng Zhong, Ping-Sheng Hao, Ying Written by Huang, Ming – Ling Chen, Wei Zhang, Si-Yuan Zhou, Yan-Jun Wang, Chuan Wang, Li Zhou, Xiao-Qin Chen, Zuo-Qin Yang, Zi-Hao Zou, Ling Zhao, Fan-Rong Liang, Ying Li, 14 November 2023 Annual report of internal medicine.
DOI: 10.7326/M23-1043

“Acupuncture for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria” by Mike Cummings, November 14, 2023, Annual report of internal medicine.
DOI: 10.7326/M23-2713

Source: scitechdaily.com

Vitamin B3 Shows Promise in Treating Chronic Inflammatory Pain

Mitochondria in specific sensory neurons may be linked to chronic pain

Beast of the Beast Science / Alamy

A type of vitamin B3 called nicotinamide riboside reduces persistent pain in mice, suggesting it may also treat chronic pain in humans.

Inflammation (the body’s first line of defense against injury and pathogens) is a major cause of pain. However, some people experience continued pain even after the inflammation has subsided.

To understand why, Niels Eichelkamp and colleagues from Utrecht University in the Netherlands analyzed the effects of inflammation on mitochondria, the powerhouses of cells. Previous research has linked chronic pain to mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly in specialized nerve cells called sensory neurons that sense changes in the environment.

The researchers injected a substance that causes inflammation into the hind legs of 15 mice. They then measured the amount of oxygen consumed by the mitochondria in the animals’ sensory neurons, which indicates mitochondrial function. They found that a week after the inflammation had subsided, the mitochondria were consuming significantly more oxygen than before the injection, suggesting that the inflammation caused lasting changes in their function. Further experiments linked these mitochondrial changes to increased pain sensitivity in the rodents even after inflammation had subsided.

The researchers then analyzed molecular byproducts of chemical reactions called metabolites in the animals’ mitochondria. They compared these to mitochondrial metabolites in naive mice. caused inflammation. The researchers found that levels of nicotinamide riboside in the mitochondria of the mice’s sensory neurons were lower than expected after the inflammation subsided. This is a type of vitamin B3 that is important for mitochondrial function.

So, about a week after inducing inflammation in another group of 12 mice, Eichelkamp and his team gave half of them a high dose of nicotinamide riboside (500 milligrams per kilogram of body weight). administered. In comparison, her recommended daily amount of vitamin B3 for most adults is 14 milligrams and 16 milligrams. They then assessed the animals’ sensitivity to pain by measuring how quickly they removed their paws from the heat. Mice that did not receive nicotinamide riboside withdrew their paws twice as fast on average as those that did, suggesting that the supplement reduced pain.

Taken together, these findings reveal two things. One is that inflammation can impair mitochondrial function in sensory neurons, and these dysfunctions increase the risk of chronic pain even after inflammation has subsided. Second, taking nicotinamide riboside supplements may help treat this chronic pain by restoring mitochondrial function.

However, people with chronic pain should not rush to take these supplements. “[This research] Still inside the rodent. How does that translate to humans? We need to check that first,” Eikelkamp said. In clinical trials, nicotinamide riboside may be ineffective or have unintended consequences, he says.

Even if these findings apply to humans, they probably only apply to certain types of chronic pain, such as chronic inflammatory diseases, Eikelkamp says. For example, more than 20 percent A proportion of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic disease characterized by persistent joint inflammation, continue to experience pain even when inflammation levels are low. Therefore, it makes sense to test these findings in that demographic first.

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Source: www.newscientist.com