The impact of climate change is accelerating faster than anticipated, with governments and businesses continuing to underestimate associated risks. These risks could lead to economic losses reaching trillions of dollars by 2050.
According to reports from climate scientists and financial experts, the world might be significantly underestimating the speed of global warming, facing the prospect of “planetary bankruptcy.” This means climate change could cause extensive damage to both the environment and economic growth.
Decision-makers often concentrate on intermediate climate impact estimates. However, with phenomena such as extreme precipitation occurring sooner than projected, preparations for worst-case scenarios are necessary, as indicated in the report.
“Urgent global cooperation on a solvency plan is essential,” says David King, former chief climate adviser to the UK government, who contributed to the report. “We’re experiencing an acceleration in temperature rise. While the future is uncertain, it’s reasonable to assume that this trend won’t reverse.”
The initial step towards such a plan could involve reevaluating the assumption that the global economy will continue to grow indefinitely. Sandy Trust, a British investment manager at Baillie Gifford, remarked that according to the Network for Greening the Financial System, the world could incur trillions in annual losses by 2050 due to climate impacts. However, the network believes that a recession is unlikely, as global economic growth might outpace these losses.
“This is akin to Titanic risk modeling, predicting a smooth journey from the deck of the Titanic in April 1912,” Trust adds. “Such assumptions overlook fundamental principles of risk management—most notably, the importance of planning for worst-case scenarios.”
Preparation for the worst is critical, according to a report from the European Union’s Copernicus climate change agency. The study highlighted that 2025 was the third warmest year on record, with average temperatures rising 1.47 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The temperatures in 2024 were even higher, leading to a three-year average exceeding 1.5 degrees Celsius for the first time.
This growth represents a step closer to the 20-30 year average needed to achieve the Paris Agreement goal of limiting temperature rises to below 1.5 degrees Celsius. Ten years since the agreement was signed, projections indicated that the 1.5 degrees Celsius threshold would be reached by 2045. However, if current trends persist, according to Copernicus’ data, we could breach this critical limit by 2030.
Scientists indicate that the rate of global warming is speeding up, largely due to declining air pollution levels, including sulfur emissions from coal-fired power plants and shipping. With clearer skies, more sunlight reaches the Earth, leading to an apparent increase of about 0.5 degrees Celsius.
However, the primary factor behind breaching the 1.5 degrees Celsius threshold sooner than predicted is the relentless rise in greenhouse gas emissions. Samantha Burgess from Copernicus emphasizes that fossil fuel emissions are expected to hit record levels in 2025.
“Emissions are not decreasing as quickly as anticipated,” Burgess comments.
With each increment of warming, extreme weather events become increasingly frequent and severe. The January 2025 wildfires in Los Angeles may potentially mark the most costly natural disaster in U.S. history, exacerbated by the climate crisis which will likely double their frequency and amplify their severity by 25 times. Hurricane Melissa, the most powerful storm to make landfall in the Atlantic, had wind speeds at least 10 miles per hour higher than would normally be expected without climate change.
“This figure represents a global average; thus, 1.5 degrees Celsius of global warming means that heatwaves can be 3 to 4 degrees, or even 10 degrees hotter than usual,” Burgess explains. “The younger generation will face even more extreme heat and climate risks than we did.”
The polar regions are warming at a pace faster than others, mainly due to feedback mechanisms, such as the loss of reflective snow and ice. In fact, last year witnessed record warmth in Antarctica, attributed to an unusual stratospheric heating event. The extent of sea ice across the Arctic and Antarctic has now reached unprecedented lows.
On a positive note, global emissions are showing a leveling-off trend, specifically in China, where emissions have stabilized.
“With CO2 emissions plateauing, we anticipate continued warming, but not at an accelerated rate,” states Timothy Osborne of the University of East Anglia, UK.
Addressing methane leaks from infrastructures like gas pipelines and aging coal mines could provide a short-term solution, King suggests. Reducing methane emissions by 30% over the next decade could mitigate global warming by at least 0.2 degrees Celsius by 2050.
“We must also tackle other slow-moving issues, which are vital elements of our path forward,” King asserts. “An overshoot beyond 1.5 degrees Celsius presents significant challenges for humanity.”
Amy Redford, daughter of Robert Redford, has expressed her discontent regarding the proliferation of artificial intelligence tributes to her late father, labeling them a “hoax.”
Redford shared a statement on social media. In her message, she expressed gratitude for the “overwhelming love and support” from fans, stating: “It’s evident he meant so much to so many, and my family is truly humbled by the countless stories and tributes pouring in from around the globe.”
She further commented, “There are numerous fabricated AI funerals, eulogies, family quotes, etc. Portraying a father who clearly has no voice, alongside a family misrepresented, is especially challenging during these trying times.”
Redford added that a public funeral has not yet occurred, and plans for a memorial celebrating her father’s life are still underway. “Every family deserves the opportunity to grieve, honor the deceased, and convey their sympathies in a manner that resonates with their values and familial culture,” she stated.
She concluded, “My wish is to maintain transparency around AI usage. While many aspects of AI are created with good intentions, I implore you to consider: What would you want if this situation involved you? Let that perspective guide your actions.”
The timeless inquiry from the backseat remains relevant as we approach a new age of driverless vehicles. “Are we close?” For those in the UK, the promise of fully autonomous cars has been long-awaited, and the answer is “yes, almost”—but not quite there yet.
A pivotal advancement in the journey toward autonomous driving is on the cusp of realization. Waymo, known for its successful robotaxi operations in San Francisco and several other U.S. cities, announced recently that it plans to introduce its vehicles to London.
Specifics are limited, yet the potential is intriguing. The groundbreaking California-based firm stated that its self-driving service “will be providing driverless vehicles on this side of the Atlantic in 2026… We’re excited to cater to Londoners and the millions visiting London next year.”
These visitors may want to grab a London Underground Oyster card just in case. This past summer, the UK government announced initiatives aimed at enticing major tech companies, aiming to hasten the rollout of self-driving vehicles, with robotaxis potentially entering regulated public trials as early as spring 2026. However, regulations are still being finalized, which may mean that safety drivers remain in the mix for a while longer.
The British company Wave, in collaboration with Uber, has unveiled plans to develop a more modest Level 4 fully autonomous vehicle and to commence public road tests in London.
While Americans are leisurely experiencing self-driving vehicles, the UK’s winding road to this technology has been met with commitments that vanish like pedestrians in the rain. Back in 2018, Addison Lee, in conjunction with researchers from the University of Oxford, promised robotaxis by 2021.
Waymo has indicated plans to bring its successful robotaxis from San Francisco and four other U.S. locations to London. Photo: ZUMA Press, Inc./Alamy
A year ago, Nissan nearly achieved having one of its Leaf models drive itself without incident near Becton, east London. The then-transport secretary, Chris Grayling, forecasted self-driving cars arriving within four years, with small pods autonomously navigating around the O2 in Greenwich. The offspring of a British innovation, the Union Jack-patterned Sinclair C5 Tardis, was showcased in a Milton Keynes car park back in 2015. Vince Cable, the business secretary at the time, confidently stated that 100 of these would soon ferry passengers across town for just £2 each.
Meanwhile, in regions like the U.S. and parts of China, self-driving taxi services are nearing routine functionality, rendering Waymo’s impending arrival more significant compared to earlier aspirations and predictions.
In San Francisco, Waymo’s home base, self-driving cars have integrated seamlessly into daily life, traversing the city’s challenging hilly streets at a deliberate pace.
Since its full implementation in June 2024, it has established its place alongside electric scooters and city buses within the urban landscape. Riding a Waymo has become a must-try attraction for visitors, akin to experiencing the city’s historic trolley cars.
Democratic Mayor Daniel Lurie has advocated for expansion to rejuvenate the downtown district, but the streets still host many people experiencing homelessness, creating a stark contrast as high-tech AI-driven vehicles pass by individuals living in extreme poverty.
The modified white Jaguar iPace resembles surveillance equipment, featuring rapidly rotating cameras on each side and roof akin to a police siren. Advertised similarly to Uber or Lyft rides via an app, the absence of a human driver and the steering wheel twirling under its digital command serve as a poignant reminder of the economic upheaval these vehicles may precipitate.
Uber, which debuted in San Francisco in 2010, disrupted traditional taxi practices and created precarious gig jobs for drivers. Now, they are facing another wave of technological change.
Since Uber’s launch in 2010, the job landscape for taxi drivers has significantly changed, leading to precarious working conditions. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images
In 2024, data referenced by The Economist indicated that the number of people employed by taxi firms in San Francisco increased by 7%, alongside a 14% rise in salaries. The newspaper noted that Lyft’s CEO David Risher predicted that self-driving taxis “will actually grow the market.”
Yet, those on the front lines may not share this optimism. An Uber driver from Venezuela expressed doubts when asked about Waymo while in San Francisco’s Mission District: “I think I have about a year left in this job.”
For passengers, riding a Waymo evokes a sense of entrusting their journey to artificial intelligence. Upon hailing the vehicle via the app, a warm welcome greets them, initially displaying their initials on the digital screen atop the car. Tapping the app unlocks the doors, while a friendly voice reminds riders to buckle their seatbelts. A broad selection of music is readily available, creating a truly intimate atmosphere behind the tinted rear windows.
Pressing the ‘Start Ride’ button on the touchscreen allows the car to smoothly merge into traffic. The gear shift, adorned with a message that reads “Keep your hands out of it,” spins like a ghostly fairground attraction.
Soon enough, riders cultivate a sense of comfort while remaining cautious enough to avert dangers. A scrolling map on the screen displays their route and updates the estimated time of arrival. The ‘Stop Now’ button will only engage once it’s safe to do so, but the option to change the original destination is appreciated.
Passengers in a Waymo find themselves surrendering to the capabilities of artificial intelligence during their ride. Photo: Tamamario/Getty Images
Waymo has sparked diverse social reactions. Recently, three individuals stalled at a busy intersection in the Marina District, visibly disoriented with blinking lights, attracting cheers from onlookers, while one man executed multiple backflips off a nearby vehicle.
In July, a prankster gathered a crowd at a dead-end street, leading everyone to summon a Waymo simultaneously, creating a spectacle featuring 50 robocars. Earlier in 2024, one such vehicle was vandalized, covered in graffiti, and set ablaze during the Lunar New Year celebrations in Chinatown.
If the black taxi driver does not react directly, it’s possible a similar reception will greet the driverless taxis. Steve McNamara, executive director of the Licensed Taxi Drivers Association, remarked: “We observe kids hacking Lime bikes, but how long until surfing atop a Waymo becomes the latest TikTok sensation?”
McNamara maintains a calm demeanor: “This proposes a solution to a problem we don’t currently have. These vehicles may be performing excellently in San Francisco and Los Angeles, but London is unlike anywhere else. I’d like someone to elucidate how this self-driving car intends to navigate streets like Charing Cross Road at 11 p.m., where pedestrians are continually crossing.” [sensor] “When you’re on top of a Waymo, you know it will stop, so you just get out or disembark.”
Christian Wolmer, author of *Driverless Cars: On a Road to Nowhere*, echoes this skepticism, stating: “There are no pedestrian crossing rules in this environment. If Google expects adherence to pedestrian crossing norms for cars…”
Despite the experiences in the U.S., he staunchly doubts that fully autonomous taxis will hit the streets here next year, asserting: “Unless a human operator is present, the likelihood of that happening is zero.”
‘London is like nowhere else’: Can driverless cars adapt to transportation systems outside the US by 2026? Photo: Paolo Paradiso/Alamy
Waymo revealed its London plans partly to mitigate any surprise over test vehicles on the roads, initiating a lengthier mapping initiative. They feel emboldened after a self-driving trial spanning approximately 100 meters in San Francisco, which is a far from orderly or flat city, in addition to over a dozen other trials.
Carriers have long argued that regulation trumps technological hurdles. Even swift progress has limitations. The consultation’s outcome, which wrapped up last month, should pave the way for the pilot program, though confirmation is still pending.
While this may have spurred Waymo’s plans, transforming the testing program to operational vehicles still involves numerous challenges with the Department for Transport and Transport for London, indicating that broader legislation may take at least another two years to enact. Insurers have particularly raised concerns regarding liability in these scenarios.
Previous pre-legislative testing frameworks stalling other innovative transport modalities, such as electric scooters, are currently set to persist for eight years. Tony Travers, a professor at the London School of Economics, posits that self-driving cars may be more favorably received: “They will have to abide by regulations. Sure, they might contribute to congestion, but they’re not likely to induce chaos like electric scooters have.”
However, even with the arrival of driverless taxis, one might wonder, “So what?” suggests Walmer.
According to Waymo co-CEO Tekedra Mawakana, the answer lies in the fact that their vehicles are “reliable, safe, and magical,” with an emphasis on safety. Up to now, Waymo cars have been involved in a fewer number of accidents compared to human-driven vehicles over equivalent distances.
They also aim to provide a new form of autonomy to those previously lacking it. The Royal Institute for Blind People praised the Waymo announcement as the inception of “technology that allows for safe, spontaneous, autonomous movement.”
Waymo stated that its entrance into the UK market would entail investments in warehouses, infrastructure for charging, cleaning services, support teams, and would temporarily employ “human experts” in the driver’s position.
Transport Secretary Heidi Alexander has mentioned that the upcoming self-driving car revolution could generate 38,000 job opportunities within the UK.
However, it is professional drivers who face the greatest threat. Approximately 300,000 individuals hold private hire licenses, with an additional million expected to be in roles related to HGV and delivery services moving forward. Many of the UK’s 82,000 bus drivers have recently secured significant pay rises, while its 27,000 train operators are well-regarded for their labor efforts.
Consequently, surveys indicate that public sentiment in Britain is cautiously optimistic regarding self-driving vehicles, primarily stemming from fears surrounding job displacement due to artificial intelligence, even if human jobs haven’t been entirely eradicated yet.
Licensing and legal clarifications are still pending. McNamara expressed hope: “Who will grant approval? If I aimed to become a successful politician, I wouldn’t add my signature to that document.”
Moon enthusiasts are in for a treat in the coming months, as four supermoons will be appearing. These remarkable full moons are named for the colder months in the Northern Hemisphere: the October Hunter Moon, the November Beaver Moon, and the December and January Wolf Moons. What sets a supermoon apart is its larger and brighter appearance compared to an ordinary full moon.
A supermoon occurs when the full moon coincides with the point in its elliptical orbit around Earth where it is closest to our planet. This results in a moon that is 8% larger and 15% brighter than the typical full moon, a sight that skywatchers everywhere can appreciate.
The next full moon will rise in November, but the difference between this supermoon and the usual ones may not be easily noticed. To fully experience the supermoon, it’s best to observe it when it is on the horizon, as this can create an illusion of it being even larger alongside nearby objects.
The first supermoon is set to appear on October 7th. If conditions are clear, you will be able to view the fully illuminated moon as soon as the sun sets, no matter where you are.
Even if you miss this one, it’s still a splendid time to gaze at the moon. After the full moon, it will travel through the sky toward the constellation Taurus, offering plenty of celestial sights.
By October 10th, the moon will dim, yet more than 75% will still shine brightly, located near the Pleiades, known as the seven sisters—a cluster of young stars about 440 light years away that formed simultaneously.
Only the brightest stars of this group can be seen with the naked eye, which is why they are referred to as the seven sisters. They appear in a roughly square shape with lines extending from one corner, reminiscent of the Plow or the Big Dipper.
On October 14th, the moon will be illuminated at less than 50% and will be positioned next to the planet Jupiter. If you have binoculars or a small telescope, you may be able to spot some of Jupiter’s four Galilean moons, its largest satellites.
If you’re interested in studying the moon closely, take a look through a telescope on October 30th, when it will be in its first quarter phase. Throughout the months, you’ll have the chance to see fascinating optical phenomena on the moon’s surface known as the X and V shapes.
By early November, it will be time for the next supermoon.
The new police minister informed the party’s annual meeting about a labor initiative that will involve consultation on the implementation of live facial recognition (LFR) technology prior to its broader rollout across the UK.
Home Affairs Minister Sarah Jones stated she would “establish certain parameters” regarding future government usage of this technology.
Advocates argue that the absence of a legal framework allows police to self-regulate technological applications and utilize algorithms in ways that may be biased against ethnic minorities and women.
The Equality and Human Rights Commission asserts that its implementation is illegal and violates European law.
During her address at the Tony Blair Institute’s Fringe Conference in Liverpool, Jones remarked:
“There is some guidance on how we should apply it, but further clarification is necessary regarding the appropriate contexts for its use and when it should be avoided, alongside establishing a proper framework.
“Currently, there is minimal structure governing its use. We must assess whether what exists is adequate and whether additional measures are required.”
Jones, who represents Croydon West, noted that Shadow Home Secretary and fellow MP Chris Philp endorsed its use after successful deployment to apprehend criminals in the Borough of Tessau-London, London.
“Chris Philp is very supportive and frequently discusses its benefits, and the results from Croydon demonstrate its effectiveness.
“We need to ensure clarity about what will be beneficial moving forward. If we are to expand its use, what guidelines should we follow for nationwide deployment?” she inquired.
“It’s crucial to engage in this dialogue, as we want to encourage public input and understand how it will be utilized both in Parliament and among the populace.
“This is a topic we will address; it will hold significant importance going forward. It initiated under the previous administration, and we must consider their perspectives.
A civil liberties group recently urged the Metropolitan Police to cease operating LFR cameras following a high court challenge led by anti-knife campaigner Sean Thompson. Thompson, a Black individual from the UK, was mistakenly identified by the LFR as a suspect and was subsequently approached by law enforcement due to his fingerprints.
Jones expressed that she was questioned about racial bias concerns.
“I believe we can provide reassurance to the public… We have successfully utilized it to detain hundreds of dangerous offenders, but it is imperative to ensure it is being deployed appropriately.”
The ozone layer has shown significant improvement, with the Antarctic ozone holes in 2024 being smaller than in prior years. New Report from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
This map depicts the size and shape of the Antarctic ozone hole on October 5th, 2022. Image credit: Earth Observatory by Joshua Stevens/NASA.
The depth of the Antarctic ozone hole in 2024 (which typically appears every spring) was below the average levels measured from 1990 to 2020, with the maximum ozone mass deficit recorded on September 29th at 46.1 million tons.
From 2020 to 2023, it remained smaller than a significantly larger hole.
Its development was relatively gradual, with ozone depletion slowing by September, followed by a quicker recovery after reaching the maximum deficit.
“This consistent progression is considered a strong indicator of early recovery in the Antarctic ozone holes,” stated WMO experts.
The alarm was initially sounded by scientists in 1975 when the WMO reported “changes in the ozone layer due to human activities and certain geophysical factors.”
If current policies remain in effect, the latest assessment for 2022 indicates that the ozone layer is projected to return to 1980 levels (prior to the appearance of ozone holes) around 2066, 2045 in the Arctic, and globally by 2045.
“Despite the significant success of the Montreal Protocol over the years, this effort remains ongoing, and continuous monitoring of stratospheric ozone and ozone-depleting substances is essential,” experts noted.
“WMO’s scientific research on the ozone layer spans decades,” remarked Celeste Sauro, WMO executive director.
“It relies on trust, international collaboration, and a commitment to free data exchange—fundamental principles of the world’s most successful environmental agreements.”
“To date, the Montreal Protocol has resulted in over 99% reduction in the production and consumption of controlled ozone-depleting substances used in refrigeration, air conditioning, fire foam, and even hairsprays.”
“Consequently, the ozone layer is on course to recover to 1980 levels by the middle of this century, significantly lowering the risk of ecosystem damage from skin cancer, cataracts, and UV overexposure.”
Google has announced plans to invest £5 billion in the UK over the next two years to aid the government and address the increasing demand for artificial intelligence services.
With the opening of a new data centre in Waltham Cross, Hertfordshire, this investment is anticipated to create thousands of jobs.
Prime Minister Rachel Reeves is focusing on stimulating growth amid challenges facing the UK economy, stating that research and development, capital expenditures, and engineering investments are a show of “voting for trust” in the UK economy.
US President Donald Trump began his official state visit to the UK on Tuesday, coinciding with announcements of significant investments in UK data centres from ChatGpt parent OpenAI and chipmaker Nvidia.
On Tuesday, Google disclosed that it plans to allocate £5 billion towards capital expenditures, research and development, and associated engineering efforts over the coming two years, which includes “pioneering” AI research in science and healthcare via Google Deepmind.
The Silicon Valley firm stated that the investment will foster the UK’s AI economy, spearheading technological advancements, enhancing cybersecurity, and generating jobs.
Google anticipates that the investment will create 8,250 jobs annually for UK companies.
Reeves will formally inaugurate the company’s first UK data centre at Waltham Cross on Tuesday, responding to rising demand for Google’s cloud, workspace, search, and map services.
Google has also announced a partnership with Shell to manage the UK’s renewable energy resources.
According to The Guardian, the new Google DataCentre in Essex is projected to emit over 500,000 tonnes of CO2 each year.
Reeves will also facilitate a meeting with leaders of top US and UK financial companies on Tuesday, jointly hosted with US Treasury Secretary Scott Bescent and attended by senior representatives from BlackRock, Barclays, and Blackstone.
Trump is set to visit the UK for two days starting Wednesday, featuring several business sessions and a state banquet with prominent tech leaders and senior ministers. The US President will subsequently head to Checker on Thursday for a business reception, lunch, and press conference with Keir Starmer.
Google’s £5 billion investment aims to mobilize approximately $850 billion from investors in July for the 2025 fiscal year, reflecting a significant rise in capital expenditure budgets compared to previous £750 billion forecasts.
On Monday, parent company Alphabet joined the ranks of firms beyond the $30 billion market cap, alongside giants like Nvidia, Microsoft, and Apple.
Alphabet’s shares surged earlier this month following a court decision that softened the most stringent rulings sought by US competition regulators, including the potential forced sale of Chrome browsers.
Reeves commented: “Google’s £5 billion investment is a considerable display of confidence in the UK economy and the robustness of its partnership with the US, promising job creation and economic growth in the coming years.
“This government is reversing decades of neglect that have restricted our growth by addressing the burdensome deficit, implementing transformational reforms in our planning systems, and investing in advanced technologies to unlock better employment opportunities.”
“We’re committed to delivering a range of services to our clients,” said Demis Hassabis, co-founder and CEO of Google Deepmind.
“The UK has a rich tradition of being at the forefront of technological advancement, from Lovelace to Babbage and Turing, making it fitting for its legacy to continue by investing in the next wave of innovation and scientific discovery in the UK.”
A recent report from prominent medical journals highlights that the worldwide “plastic crisis” incurs a staggering cost of $1.5 trillion annually for governments and taxpayers.
This issue inflicts damage at every phase, from fossil fuel extraction and production to human consumption and eventual environmental disposal, according to the British publication.
“Plastics pose a significant, escalating, and often overlooked threat to both human and environmental health.” “They contribute to illness and mortality from infancy to old age, exacerbating climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss.”
He also noted that these adverse effects “disproportionately impact low-income and vulnerable populations.”
In June, boaters collected recyclable plastic from the heavily polluted Sitaram River in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Timur Matahari/AFP via Getty Images
This serves as the latest alarming message from experts regarding the widespread dangers posed by plastics, which the Journal deems “the material for our age.” After years of warnings about their presence in oceans and rivers, microplastics have now been discovered in humans, including in breast milk and brain tissue.
Sunday’s announcement initiated a new monitoring system called the “Lancet Countdown on Health and Plastics.”
This was introduced alongside the concluding speeches in Geneva, Switzerland, where representatives from 175 countries are seeking to establish the first global treaty on plastics.
Activists are hopeful that the discussions taking place from Tuesday through August 14th will set key objectives for reducing plastic production. Some nations, including China, Russia, Iran, and Saudi Arabia, have previously resisted these initiatives and advocated for increased plastic recycling.
According to the Lancet, major petrochemical companies are “key players” in the escalating production of plastics as they shift their focus towards plastics in light of dwindling fossil energy demand.
Various plastics, often derived from food and beverage containers and packaging, contain up to 16,000 different chemicals, which “enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption,” the study states.
Pregnant women, infants, and young children are “especially vulnerable,” facing risks such as miscarriage, physical deformities, cognitive impairment, and diabetes. In adults, the risks include cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer.
“Given the substantial gaps in our understanding of plastic chemicals, it is likely that the health threats they pose are undervalued, and the disease burden resulting from them is currently underestimated,” he added.
The Lancet cited a study that estimated the global financial burden of these illnesses to be $1.5 trillion.
“It is now evident that the world cannot escape the plastic pollution crisis,” stated the Lancet. “Addressing this crisis requires continuous research, involving science-backed interventions: legislation, policy, monitoring, enforcement, incentives, and innovation.”
The electric vehicle (EV) revolution is new research published in Cell Reports Sustainability.
The accelerating demand for lithium, an essential element of EV batteries, is expected to outstrip domestic supply in major markets by the decade’s end.
This analysis highlights China, the US, and Europe, which collectively represent 80% of current EV sales. Researchers caution that without significant changes, these regions may not fulfill their lithium requirements from local sources by 2030, leading to an increased reliance on imports and a heightened risk of global shortages.
“Many previous studies have examined the lithium necessary for low-carbon transitions,” said Dr. Andre Manberger, a co-author of the new study, in an interview with BBC Science Focus.
“The issue is that often we compare projected lithium demand with current mining rates and existing reserves. However, there’s a gap in the existing literature concerning mining feasibility.”
Globally, EV sales surpassed 17 million in 2024, marking a 25% increase from the previous year.
The International Energy Agency forecasts that electric vehicles could represent 40% of all car sales by 2030. However, this expansion hinges on a stable supply of lithium carbonate equivalents (LCE).
The study indicates that by 2030, annual LCE demand will reach 1.3 million tonnes in China, 792,000 metric tonnes in Europe, and 692,000 in the US. Yet, even if all current and planned mining projects are considered, domestic supply remains inadequate: China could produce up to 1.1 million tonnes, the US 610,000, and Europe only 325,000.
This shortfall could intensify global competition for lithium, primarily sourced from Australia, Chile, and Argentina. In 2023, these three countries accounted for nearly 80% of the world’s lithium.
Almost 50% of the world’s lithium was mined in Australia in 2023.
China currently dominates the global lithium market, and an increase in its imports could negatively impact other buyers. Researchers found that should China’s imports rise by 77%, the US and European imports could drop by 84% and 78%, respectively.
“Commodity trading tends to have a lot of continuity and path dependence,” Månberger explains.
“This is due to the established supply chain, contracts, and overall inertia in the market.”
Nonetheless, there are reasons for optimism. Increasing lithium prices may drive investments in new mining initiatives and motivate manufacturers to create more efficient battery technologies. Alternatives like sodium-ion batteries could also contribute to a more diverse market.
In the long term, recycling could assume a more substantial role. As first-generation EVs reach the end of their lifespans in the 2030s, materials extracted from older batteries could mitigate the need for new lithium extraction.
“I’m very optimistic,” says Månberger. “Historically, while it’s often straightforward to forecast potential bottlenecks and supply risks, innovations tend to emerge unpredictably when these challenges arise.”
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About our experts
Andre Manberger is a senior lecturer in Environmental and Energy Systems Studies at Lund University, Sweden. He leads the Misttra Mineral Governance Research Program, initiated in 2024, focusing on the rising demand for critical raw materials and addressing conflicts of interest in the low-carbon transition.
The Communication Watchdog is accused of endorsing major technology for the safety of under-18s after England’s children’s commissioners criticized new measures to address online harm. Rachel de Souza warned Offcom last year that the proposals to protect children under online safety laws are inadequate. She expressed disappointment that the new code of practice published by WatchDog ignored her concerns, prioritizing the business interests of technology companies over child safety.
De Souza, who advocates for children’s rights, highlighted that over a million young people shared their concerns about the online world being a significant worry. She emphasized the need for stronger protection measures and criticized the lack of enhancements in the current code of practice.
Some of the measures proposed by Ofcom include implementing effective age checks for social media platforms, filtering harmful content through algorithms, swiftly removing dangerous material, and providing children with an easy way to report inappropriate content. Sites and apps covered by the code must adhere to these changes by July 25th or face fines for non-compliance.
Critics, including the Molly Rose Foundation and online safety campaigner Beavan Kidron, argue that the measures are too cautious and lack specific harm reduction targets. However, Ofcom defended its stance, stating that the rules aim to create a safer online environment for children in the UK.
The Duke and Duchess of Sussex have also advocated for stricter online protections for children, calling for measures to reduce harmful content on social media platforms. Technology Secretary Peter Kyle is considering implementing a social media curfew for children to address the negative impacts of excessive screen time.
Overall, the new code of practice aims to protect children from harmful online content, with stringent measures in place for platforms to ensure a safer online experience. Failure to comply with these regulations could result in significant fines or even legal action against high-tech companies and their executives.
Meta, the parent company of Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram, is planning to reduce its global workforce by around 5%, with underperforming employees being the most likely to be let go.
CEO Mark Zuckerberg outlined in a memo to employees that due to what he referred to as a challenging year ahead, he has decided to prioritize performance management by letting go of poor performers quicker than usual and accelerating the company’s performance evaluation process.
As of September, Meta had 72,000 employees globally, and the planned job cuts could impact up to 3,600 employees. The company aims to fill the vacant positions later in the year.
The announcement comes shortly after Meta’s decision to end third-party fact-checking and emphasize free speech, coinciding with President Donald Trump’s imminent return to the White House. The Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) program is also being terminated.
Employees in the US affected by the layoffs will be notified by February 10, with notifications for employees in other countries to follow later.
In the memo, Zuckerberg stated that he is raising the standards for performance management within the company: “We usually manage underperforming talent over a year, but this time we plan to make broader performance-based cuts during this cycle.”
The 40-year-old billionaire emphasized, “This will be an intense year. I want to ensure we have the best talent on the team.”
Employees being let go will be those who have been with Meta long enough to qualify for performance reviews.
Zuckerberg assured that the company will provide generous severance packages to those losing their jobs, similar to previous layoffs.
Meta’s stock dropped 2.3% on Tuesday, continuing a decline that began the day before.
The company faced criticism for removing its fact checker, potentially allowing misinformation and harmful content to circulate on its platform.
Similar to other tech companies, Meta is investing in artificial intelligence projects, with a focus on crucial technologies like AI, as mentioned by Zuckerberg.
This push for electric cars isn’t about a culture war. It’s a simple choice. Can we prepare British industry to take advantage of the changes that are coming? Or will we leave it alone to let our competitors run laps until we decide whether to change our tires? Or?
The previous government, including the current opposition leader, may have been content to play politics with people’s jobs at stake by delaying the end of sales of new gasoline and diesel cars. But this government is not like that.
Prior to that, we were on track to meet the 2030 deadline and the electric vehicle mandate had wide support from industry. More than two-thirds of UK car manufacturers had already committed to a full transition to electric cars by 2030, and investment was starting to pour into building electric cars here at home.
However, the decision to delay the transition has resulted in significant costs for companies that were already gearing up to meet the 2030 deadline, dealing a major blow to our credibility and putting investment, jobs, and growth at risk.
This Government has clearly recognized the fact that if we want the car industry to survive in the UK, we need to provide certainty and confidence to investors, not change our targets.
Having grown up in Sunderland, home to the Nissan factory, I know first-hand how important the car industry is to local communities in delivering growth, jobs, and wealth creation. The UK car industry employs over 150,000 people, and its continued success plays a major role in our mission to grow the economy.
If we get this transition right and support the growth of the UK electric vehicle market, we have a huge opportunity to tap into a multi-billion pound industry that can create well-paid jobs for decades to come.
That’s why in our manifesto we committed to moving back the transition to electric cars to 2030 and phasing out the sale of new cars with internal combustion engines.
But we want to work with industry and make sure that their voice is heard on how to get there. That’s why we’re fast-tracking a consultation to see how the government can support manufacturers, investors, and the industry as a whole to achieve our goals. To be clear, the content of this consultation is how do not have if We will achieve this ambition.
Working families also benefit from this transition. EVs are becoming more affordable and practical, prices are starting to fall, they are cheaper to run and maintain, range is improving, charging infrastructure is expanding rapidly, and demand in the UK is increasing. It is increasing.
And of course, with road traffic contributing up to 30% of air pollution, a shift to electric vehicles means cleaner, healthier air for our children and future generations.
Delaying the transition will only make it harder and more expensive for the industry and families in the long run. That’s why we want to do everything possible to ensure that the next generation of zero-emissions vehicles are designed and manufactured here in the UK, are affordable and accessible to workers, and encourage the uptake of electric vehicles. That’s what I think.
That’s why the Chancellor announced more than £2 billion will be spent on producing zero-emission cars. This funding will support the latest research and development of these technologies, accelerate commercial scale-up, and enable capital investment.
On the demand side, people involved in promoting electric vehicles are concerned about the availability of charging points. That’s why we’re investing over £200m to accelerate the rollout of charging points, building on the 71,000 public charging points already available.
We are currently taking proactive steps to foster stability in this sector, but we are also developing long-term plans to ensure UK motor manufacturing can grow and thrive.
We are already seeing manufacturers embrace zero-emission vehicles and the transition to a greener economy, with governments fully supporting manufacturers. Jaguar Land Rover will move to a 100% fully electric vehicle range over the next five years, investing billions of dollars into the UK economy. At the same time, we can see Toyota investing heavily to make its UK manufacturing operations 100% carbon neutral by 2030.
When governments say decarbonization must not mean deindustrialization, we mean it. There is no path to net zero without the support of British industry and workers.
With Ford recently announcing job cuts across Europe and Stellantis proposing to close Vauxhall’s Luton factory, we’ve learned more about the global challenges facing the industry and how we’re working to help. We have no doubts about the need to play a role.
That’s exactly why I’ve been sitting around the table talking directly with industry leaders about how best to make this transition happen, and my message has always been loud and clear. The Government is listening and we will work closely with you to deliver our plans.
The bottom line is: Either we look ahead and leverage the clean energy transition to deliver growth, creating new jobs and a greener future, or we fall behind. is. This government will not make the same mistakes as the past and will not tolerate it.
BLaine computer interface technology is at the heart of movies like Ready Player One, The Matrix, and Avatar. But outside of the world of science fiction, BCIs are used on Earth to help paralyzed people communicate, to study dreams, and to control robots.
Billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk announced in January that his neurotechnology company Neuralink had implanted the first computer chip in a human. In February, he announced that patients can now control a computer mouse with their thoughts.
Neuralink’s purpose is noble. It is about helping people who are unable to communicate or interact with their environment. But details are scant. The project quickly raised alarms about brain privacy, the risk of hacking, and other potential issues.
Dr Steve Kassem, senior research scientist at Neuroscience Research Australia, said the Neuralink news should be taken with a “large pinch of salt”. It’s not the first company to do neural implants, he says. In fact, Australia is a ‘hotspot’ for relevant neurological research.
Does the patient dream of electric sheep?
The University of Technology Sydney project, which has received millions of dollars in funding from the Department of Defense, is now in its third phase to demonstrate how soldiers can use brain signals to control robotic dogs.
“We succeeded [demonstrating] Handa can use his brain to issue commands that direct the dog to reach its destination completely hands-free…so the dog can use its hands for other purposes. ” he says.
Soldiers use assisted reality glasses with special graphene interfaces to issue brain signal commands to send the robot dog to different locations. Lin said he is working on making the technology multi-user, faster and able to control other vehicles such as drones.
Meanwhile, Sydney company Neurode has developed a headset to help people with ADHD by monitoring the brain and sending electronic pulses to help them cope with changes. Another his UTS team is working on it. dream machine, which aims to reconstruct dreams from brain signals. It uses artificial intelligence and brainwave data to generate images from your subconscious mind.
And then there are the implants.
good signal
Synchron started at the University of Melbourne and is now based in New York. it is, Mesh inserted into blood vessels in the brain This allows patients to use the Internet by transmitting signals that operate similar to Bluetooth. People can shop, send emails, and communicate online using technology that controls computers.
Synchron has implanted and monitored mesh in many patients, including one in Australia. Patient P4, who has motor neuron disease, had mesh implanted several years ago.
“I think he’s had over 200 sessions,” says Gil Lind, Sychron’s senior director of advanced technology. “He is still progressing well with his implant treatment and is working very closely with us.
“He was able to use the computer through the system…As the disease progressed, it became very difficult to use the physical buttons.
“This allows for online banking, communication with caregivers, [with] Someone I love. ”
Dr Christina Maher from the University of Sydney’s Brain and Mind Center said Synchron’s technology is “miles ahead” of Elon Musk’s, and is more sophisticated and safer as it does not require open brain surgery. Stated. The researchers have also published more than 25 papers, she said.
“As for Neuralink, we don’t know much about it.
“My understanding is that the top priority for them is to test the effectiveness and safety of surgical robots…so they are focusing more on the robotic side of things, and this is a commercial It makes sense from a perspective.”
Need for regulation
But amidst the hype and promise of neurotechnology, there are concerns about who will have access to the beneficial technologies and how they will be protected.
Maher says it’s important to balance the need for innovation with appropriate regulation while allowing access to those who really need it. She says the “gap between the haves and have-nots” is being discussed not just in Australia but around the world.
“As brain-computer interfaces become more common, people will be divided into those who can afford them and those who cannot,” she says.
Lind said Synchron is focused on those who have the most to gain, such as quadriplegic patients. “We want to expand it as much as possible. We hope to reach a bigger market and help more people in need,” he says.
A personal and pivotal moment for him, he says, was seeing the faces of the clinicians, team, and family of the first patient who received a successful implant.
At Neuralink, Kasem warns that there are always risks when technology is developed by a company that exists to make a profit. “A cell phone plan for the brain is not what we want,” he says.
“And what if this gets hacked? There’s always a risk when it’s not a closed system.”
But it’s more likely that Neuralink will use people’s data.
“Like every app on your phone or computer, Neuralink monitors everything it can. Everything it can,” Kasem says.
“It will be stored somewhere.”
Protect your brain data
Maher agrees that data is a big issue, saying the risk of hacking remains when devices are connected to the internet. She says much of the social media, biometrics, and other data is already out there, but her brain’s data is different.
“meanwhile [BCI companies] They are subject to the same data privacy laws…The difference in many people’s minds is that brain data is very private and it’s your personal thoughts.
“The big picture here is that once you start recording large amounts of brain data, there are absolutely megatons of data out there,” she says.
Despite privacy concerns, Kasem says interacting with the brain has exciting potential.
“We need to remember how powerful and important the brain is. All you are, all you have been, and all you will ever be is your brain and nothing else.” he says.
Quoting American physicist Emerson Pugh, he says the brain has trillions of neural connections that lead to “infinite opportunities.” hand. ”
sometime in 2024
Six electric vehicle charging companies will face liquidation, possibly as early as February.
For years they had little competition except for each other. But soon they’ll have to contend with Tesla’s acclaimed Supercharger network.
From a charging perspective, the EV world used to be split into two. There was Tesla, and then there were others. Tesla owners enjoyed widespread, fast and reliable charging. Other companies have managed to get by by combining accounts from different companies, but none can boast a reliability rating that comes close to Tesla’s.
Then, in May, the wall came down. Ford has signed a deal with Tesla that will give its EVs access to a subset of its network of 12,000 Superchargers. Starting in 2024, existing owners will be able to charge at these kiosks using adapters, and in 2025, future EVs will be able to upgrade their Combined Charging System (CCS) plugs to Tesla’s plugs, also known as the North American Charging Standard. Ford said it will be replaced by (NACS).
Other automakers quickly followed suit. Then GM, then Rivian, Volvo, Mercedes, nissan, and pretty much everyone else. One of his last companies to adopt this plug was Volkswagen. This is not surprising given Volkswagen’s majority ownership of Electrify America, which was supposed to be his CCS equivalent to the Supercharger Network.
EV owners like me had, and still have, high hopes for Electrify America. The company was founded out of the Volkswagen diesel settlement and was the first network outside of Tesla to prioritize nationwide DC fast charging at speeds that can support the latest EVs. When Electrify America’s best charger works, it’s actually fast, faster than most Tesla Superchargers.
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