Tag Archives: Dogs

How Dogs Can Enhance Our Consideration and Sociability by Altering Our Microbiome

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Fetch! Dogs can enhance our happiness in various ways

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Dogs have long been celebrated as beloved companions. However, recent studies suggest they may also improve our well-being by influencing our microbiomes. Experiments conducted on mice indicate that dog owners possess unique bacterial species that promote both empathic and social behaviors.

It’s evident that pets significantly enhance life satisfaction while also impacting our gut microbiome. Research highlights how this microbiome affects our mental health and plays a role in shaping our personalities. With dogs often topping the list of preferred pets, Takefumi Kikusui and his team from Azabu University in Japan sought to investigate whether pets influence our microbiomes and enhance our overall well-being.

To delve into this, researchers analyzed a survey where caregivers of 343 adolescents aged 12 to 14 in Tokyo reported on their social behaviors, including feelings of loneliness, tendencies toward aggression, and peer interactions. It was noted that approximately a third of these adolescents own pet dogs.

Findings revealed that, on average, dog owners perceived themselves as less socially withdrawn and exhibited less aggressive tendencies compared to their non-dog-owning peers. The research team also examined potential influencing factors such as gender and household income.

Saliva samples indicated that several types of streptococcus bacteria were more abundant among adolescents who owned dogs, which is associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms.


“Engaging frequently with your dog exposes you to their microorganisms (like licking),” explains Gerald Clarke from University College Cork, Dublin, Ireland. These bacteria can migrate to the gastrointestinal tract, potentially causing infections. They can also produce anti-inflammatory substances like short-chain fatty acids, which may improve mental health.

An essential part of the study involved transplanting oral microbes from dog owners and non-dog owners into germ-free mice. Fecal analysis showed that the introduced microorganisms successfully colonized the mice’s intestines.

In subsequent weeks, the researchers conducted various behavioral tests on the mice. In one test, a mouse was placed in a cage alongside another mouse trapped in a tube. Results indicated that mice transplanted with microbes from dog owners were significantly more inclined to interact with the tube than those who received microbes from non-dog owners.

This behavior suggests that the original mice displayed greater empathy and a willingness to help, Kikusui noted. Recent research has also revealed that mice can assist their pregnant partners in giving birth and even provide rudimentary first aid.

In another experiment, dog-owner transplants exhibited a tendency to sniff unknown mice in their cages more frequently than the other groups, indicating increased sociability, according to Clarke. “Such social behaviors can have implications across species, including humans,” he asserts. “Robust social networks are beneficial for mental health; having limited social exposure can be detrimental.”

Gaining further insights into these microbial shifts and developing probiotics that replicate these effects could potentially benefit individuals without dogs, Clarke suggests. However, studies in other regions with different microbial exposures are necessary.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Study Reveals: Dogs Can Truly Become Addicted to Their Toys

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Dogs have a passion for toys, but is it possible for them to become overly attached? A recent study suggests that their playful nature can take a darker turn, leading to an obsession with their toys.

This study was published in Nature Scientific Reports. Researchers found that certain dogs exhibited behaviors similar to those seen in behavioral addictions, akin to gambling and gaming.

The term “ball junkie” is often used in dog training circles, implying addiction. However, the study participants pointed out that it hasn’t been established whether the criteria for addiction apply to dogs, as Professor Stefanie Reimer from Vetmeduni Vienna noted in BBC Science Focus, “Being highly motivated or overly focused on toys doesn’t necessarily equate to addiction.”

The research team conducted a series of tests involving 105 toy-obsessed dogs to observe their interactions with toys.

Ultimately, 33 dogs displayed behaviors indicative of addiction. They fixated on the toys and sought to access them when they were placed in boxes or on high shelves, even when food was offered or when their owners engaged them in social activities like tug-of-war.

“Two dogs managed to destroy boxes containing toys, highlighting their intense motivation,” said the study’s lead, Alija Mazzini from the University of Bern, in BBC Science Focus. “This reaction exceeded our expectations and clearly demonstrated the lengths some dogs would go to reach their desired objects.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hdndtoibqs

Marinoa goes to great lengths to retrieve his toys, even destroying the box in the process.

Some dogs struggled to relax after their toys were removed, pacing the room in search for them, and their heart rate remained elevated even after 15 minutes.

An important finding was that when allowed to play with toys, there was no notable difference in mood between dogs displaying addiction-like behavior and other dogs.

“While most dogs enjoy playing with toys, only a few show excessive fixation,” Mazzini explained. “This behavioral pattern resembles that of people engaged in potentially addictive activities like gaming and gambling without experiencing negative consequences, yet developing a genuine addiction.”

Playing Tug of War strengthens social bonds and provides an ideal way to engage with your dog – Credit: Getty

However, this doesn’t mean you should rush to eliminate all of your dog’s toys.

“While many dog owners use balls and other toys during playtime, only a small percentage of dogs develop addictive behaviors,” Reimer noted. “From a practical perspective, toy play serves as a great reinforcement for dogs. For one of my dogs, the ball represents the ultimate reward, though I didn’t encourage this behavior.

“Still, I strongly recommend emphasizing collaborative play. So, while I’m not suggesting you should avoid playing ball with your dog, do so judiciously.”

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Science-Backed Tips: Six Simple Ways to Enhance Your Dog’s Life Instantly

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My dog, Pepper, is a carefree senior who cherishes bedtime. While his treat might be a motivating factor, he genuinely enjoys the time when we all settle down for the night. He loves short walks, where he takes his time to sniff around.

He also gets excited to see the horses in the nearby fields (which sometimes earns him an extra treat, especially since he used to be scared of them). Many dogs may have their preferences, but these are definitely Pepper’s favorites.

When considering ways to enhance your dog’s life, think about what is commonly important for dogs in general, but also tailor it to your individual pet’s likes.

1. Improve the “scent”

A key principle of enrichment is that it should cater to the primary sense of an animal. For dogs, that sense is smell. Research shows that scent-trained dogs exhibit greater optimism compared to those engaged in other reward-based activities.

This finding comes from a study published in Applied Animal Behavior Science, where dogs participated in a two-week class involving either scent work or heel training, followed by judgment bias tests before and after the sessions.

The tests measured how quickly dogs approached an ambiguous bowl placed between locations where food is regularly found versus places where it is never present (the idea being that optimistic dogs expect to find food and reach the bowl faster).

During off-leash walks, allow your dog to utilize his nose. Even on-leash walks, let them explore and sniff around.

Consider scattering treats in safe grassy areas, encouraging your dog to find them using his nose. You can also invest in or create a snuffle mat (a thick rug designed to hide treats); use it around your home when your dog isn’t looking. Alternatively, enroll in a scent class, which can be particularly beneficial for reactive dogs that may respond to certain stimuli with behaviors often mistaken for aggression.

2. Use a variety of snacks

Enhance the rewards used during training. While food is a powerful reinforcement, avoid relying solely on kibble. Experiment with a variety of treats and human snacks like chicken, roast beef, and cheese.

Studies have indicated that dogs are quicker to approach bowls known to contain sausage rather than those with kibble. So, keep in mind that the type of reward matters to them.

Some dogs may prefer a single type of treat, resembling their typical variety over time. Engaging in quick play sessions can also serve as a substantial reward for certain dogs.

If you haven’t adopted a reward-based training approach, it’s time to make a switch. Tools like leashes, prong collars, and shock collars are associated with risks to dog welfare.

3. Make your playtime social

If your dog enjoys the company of other dogs, seek out opportunities for social play. Play is crucial for dogs—especially young ones. Ideally, puppies should participate in closely supervised play sessions in puppy classes to learn about gentle biting and other physical skills.

Play also fulfills an essential social function. While watching your dog play, notice signs like bouncing steps, playful facial expressions, and play bows (where the front legs are on the ground and the back legs are lifted).

Photo credit: Getty

Watch for changes in play activity, such as dogs chasing each other. Older dogs may play less and often prefer to hang out with other dogs instead of engaging in roughhousing or chasing.

If your dog isn’t fond of unfamiliar dogs, stick to interactions with dogs they already enjoy. Conversely, if they don’t particularly like other dogs, spend more time playing with them yourself—it’s also an excellent way to satisfy their playtime needs.

4. Give your dog a safe space

When your dog needs to unwind, provide them with a safe space. This could be a dog bed in a quiet area or a crate with the door left open. Such spaces are vital, particularly in homes with children, or for dogs that may be shy or fearful.

Ensure everyone in the household respects these boundaries. Allow dogs to enter and exit their safe space as they wish and refrain from bothering them. If you need to encourage them out of their safe area, call them rather than forcing them.

5. Get a decent dog bed

Dogs spend a lot of time sleeping, so investing in a quality dog bed is worthwhile. They may not need to mimic your sofa or bed, so disregard assumptions about not letting them on furniture.

Older dogs sleep more than younger adults and might suffer from issues like arthritis, so consider beds that are lower to the ground (for easy access) or provide steps or ramps for reaching furniture.

6. Discover your dog’s preferences

A great tip is to engage in activities that both you and your dog enjoy. Does your dog prefer fetching, pulling, or chasing games? They might also enjoy playing with flirt poles (toys designed for interactive play, akin to cat wands but for dogs) due to their predatory instincts.

Does your dog favor hiking through woods, or visiting parks with splash ponds? Perhaps they just want to cuddle on the couch while watching TV.

Preferences vary by individual dog, so don’t make assumptions. Pay attention to what excites them. Participating in shared activities and spending quality time together can strengthen the bond between humans and their dogs.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Understanding Your Dog’s Emotions: A Guide to Their Feelings

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It’s clear that dogs excel at comprehending our emotions and behaviors. But how deeply does this understanding go, and what signals do they pick up on?

The dogs who live alongside us are often more astute in their observations than we might think. In many ways, they act like anthropologists, dedicating time to study us and uncovering connections between our actions that even we may be unaware of.

At home, you might notice their ability to differentiate between standing up to leave and simply heading to the fridge.

Research has shown that dogs are capable of reading stress, discerning detecting fear, and even identifying the presence of disease in us. While their extraordinary sense of smell plays a role, their understanding goes beyond physical cues, acknowledging our emotional and physiological states.

When interpreting emotions, humans typically focus on the face—and dogs do the same. They are adept at reading our facial expressions.

Studies on how dogs perceive human emotions indicate that they can differentiate between neutral, angry, and happy expressions. Interestingly, they can also associate vocalizations with the corresponding emotional tone of these expressions.

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Dogs can interpret a person’s expression when approaching an object (such as joy or disgust) to gauge whether they should get closer themselves. They can even process images of just the upper half of a face, showing that they can understand emotions even when part of the face is obscured, like by a mask.

Moreover, they recognize our voices and can differentiate the genders of unfamiliar voices.

Recent studies confirmed that dogs are perceptive to fear, able to identify shirts worn by individuals who watched a scary movie from those worn by those who were watching something neutral.

They can also recognize changes in our body language that indicate fear and stress. One study revealed a correlation between human testosterone levels (influenced by a sports team’s performance) and a dog’s cortisol levels, indicating their sensitivity to our emotional states.

Having spent countless hours observing us from their cozy spots in the living room, dogs have developed an acute awareness of our intentions and feelings.

For instance, research found that dogs can discern between intentional actions (like deliberately placing an object out of reach) and unintentional incidents (like unintentionally dropping something).

Studies confirm that even when we’re out of sight or simply turning away, they are aware of when we sneak a snack forbidden from their reach. They also notice when our attention is diverted, like when we’re glued to a book or staring at a screen, indicating a window for them to grab that tempting treat.

More broadly, they’re adept at assessing whether individuals possess knowledge about hidden food sources.

Finally, and most impressively, dogs have a remarkable ability to detect illness. Initial reports of pet dogs identifying melanoma by scratching their owners’ skin have led to research where dogs have been trained to identify various cancers through scent, as well as monitoring blood sugar levels and even recognizing glycation.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

What Your Dog’s TV Watching Habits Reveal About Their Personality

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Recent studies indicate that a dog’s response to your preferred TV show can reveal much about your personality.

In a recent Nature study, researchers found that enthusiastic dogs tend to interpret what they see on TV as reality, whereas anxious dogs are more inclined to react to non-animal elements, like humans and vehicles.

According to Lane Montgomery, a graduate student from Auburn University who spearheaded the research, there was a single consensus among all dogs regarding one topic.

“Overall, dogs generally seem to enjoy television, particularly when it features other dogs and animals,” Montgomery said to BBC Science Focus.

However, a note of caution before curating dog video playlists for your beloved pet: nearly half of the 453 dogs analyzed reacted every time their on-screen counterparts barked or howled.

Interestingly, breed and gender did not appear to influence their reactions, with older dogs exhibiting similar caution to younger puppies.

Dogs have been enjoying television alongside humans for nearly a century. Today, there are even specialized channels and programs designed to enhance dogs’ lives while their owners are engaged elsewhere.

Despite this, there has been little scientific inquiry into how dogs respond to visual stimuli.

To fill this gap, Montgomery encouraged dog owners to complete a survey that documented their pets’ responses to various dogs, animals, humans, inanimate objects, and environmental effects appearing on TV.

Montgomery posits that more impulsive dogs are likely to chase objects appearing on the TV screen or look behind the TV to track their movement, indicating they perceive the visuals as real.

Research indicates that dogs engage with TV for an average of 14 minutes – Credits: Getty Images/Manabougaswara

Conversely, skittish dogs were more prone to react when they saw people on TV or heard doorbells.

This research focuses solely on interactions with the most common individuals, rather than assessing whether these interactions are positive or negative.

Nevertheless, the insights gathered could aid owners in targeting training to eliminate undesirable behaviors and better identify which shows might be stressing their pets.

“The primary aim of this study was to enhance our understanding of how dogs react to various TV programs, thereby increasing the effectiveness of television as a tool for dog enrichment,” Montgomery stated. “Understanding which types of shows captivate dogs can help dog TV programs improve their content according to what dogs are likely to enjoy.”

About our experts

Lane Montgomery is a doctoral candidate in the Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences Program at Auburn University, USA. Her research concentrates on canine behavior and cognition to enhance the welfare of companion dogs and the efficiency of working dogs.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

The Remarkable Journey of American Dogs Through Ancient DNA Research

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Pre-contact Central and South American dogs (Canis Familiaris) – These are all dogs that existed prior to the arrival of European settlers, originating from a single maternal lineage that spread into North America. A recent study led by researchers at Oxford University indicates that the divergence times of dog breeds in North, Central, and South America align with the agricultural expansion occurring between 7,000 and 5,000 years ago, particularly highlighting the adoption of corn in South America.

Manin et al. Illustrating the gradual southward spread of dogs alongside early agricultural societies. Artwork by John James Audubon and John Bachman.

“Dogs traveled with the initial waves of people entering North America at least 15,000-16,000 years ago,” stated Oxford University researcher Aurely Mannin and colleagues.

“They were the only type of livestock brought to America from Eurasia before the arrival of European settlers.”

“Archaeological and physical evidence suggests that Arctic dogs were utilized for sledding, aiding groups of humans traversing the frigid tundra of Siberia.”

“Analysis of ancient DNA indicates that all dogs before contact with European settlers possess mitochondrial DNA from a lineage unique to the Americas.”

“Dogs from this lineage disseminated throughout the Americas, with the exception of the Amazon Basin, suggesting they became known only following the arrival of Europeans in the 16th century.”

In this latest study, the authors sequenced 70 complete mitochondrial genomes from both archaeological and modern dogs collected from Central Mexico to Central Chile and Argentina.

The findings indicate that all pre-contact dogs in Central and South America descended from a singular maternal lineage that diverged from North American dogs when humans initially settled the continent.

Instead of a rapid spread, dogs exhibited a slower pattern known as “segregation by distance,” gradually adapting to new environments and migrating with people between 7,000 to 5,000 years ago, coinciding with the rise of corn cultivation in early agricultural communities.

The influx of Europeans brought new dog breeds that predominantly replaced indigenous strains; however, researchers discovered that modern Chihuahuas still retain maternal DNA from pre-contact Mesoamerican ancestors.

These rare genetic traces underscore the enduring legacy of the first American dogs and the deep roots of this iconic breed.

“This research emphasizes the significant role that early agricultural communities played in the dispersal of dogs worldwide,” Dr. Manin remarked.

“In the Americas, it reveals that dogs were able to adapt slowly enough to develop genetic distinctions between North, Central, and South America.”

“This is quite unusual for livestock and unveils new avenues for research into the relationships between dogs and early agricultural societies.”

“This study contributes a new chapter to the extensive shared history of dogs and humans, influenced by migration across continents, survival, and lasting relationships,” the scientists concluded.

Survey results are set to appear in Proceedings of the Royal Society b.

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Aurely Manin et al. 2025. Ancient dog mitogenomes support the double dispersion of dogs and agriculture into South America. Proc. R. Soc. b 292 (2049): 20242443; doi: 10.1098/rspb.2024.2443

Source: www.sci.news

The Hidden Dangers of Dogs: What You Need to Know

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Mosquitoes are notorious as some of the most lethal creatures on the planet, causing up to 1 million deaths annually due to the diseases they carry, such as malaria and dengue.

However, in the UK, we have 36 native mosquito species that rarely pose a significant threat, thus they do not constitute a part of the three-way tie for the deadliest creature in Britain.

One contender is the dog. Recently, Prime Minister Rishi Snack placed the American XL bully dog on the list of banned breeds after a rise in fatalities associated with dog attacks.

Statistics indicate an average of about three deaths annually. However, in 2022, ten individuals in England and Wales lost their lives due to dog bites. This unfortunate trend can largely be attributed to negligent ownership, particularly with the inclination to breed larger, more powerful dogs.

Small creatures can also be deadly. Therefore, bees and hornets are contenders for the title as well, as 0.5% of the population is allergic to stings, which can lead to fatal anaphylaxis, resulting in two to nine deaths in the UK each year.

The ultimate threat may be less apparent. Picture a serene scene with grazing cattle that cause approximately 4,000 accidents yearly in the UK.

Around five fatalities result from these incidents, primarily affecting the agricultural community, but pedestrians are also at risk. Cows, being prey animals, are instinctively protective of their calves.

Most mishaps occur when natural boundaries are disregarded. Cows can injure individuals by knocking them over or trampling them. It’s advisable to keep dogs on a leash and maintain a respectful distance from herds.

This article responds to the inquiry (Adrianna Gardner, Chelmsford) “What is the deadliest creature in the UK?”

Feel free to email us your questions at questions@sciencefocus.com or reach out through our Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram (please include your name and location).

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Dogs Pollute Water with Pesticides Despite Flea Treatment

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Dogs treated for fleas release chemicals into the water that kill insects when they swim

natalya_maisheva/shutter stock

Researchers advise against using spot-on flea and tick treatments if your dog has access to any water bodies.

Studies indicate that dogs submerged in water can release harmful levels of active ingredients into aquatic ecosystems, affecting wildlife and animals that consume them, including birds, for up to 28 days post-treatment.

“If your dog frequently swims, it’s best to avoid spot-on treatments,” says Rosemary Perkins from the University of Sussex, UK.

When spot-on treatments were introduced, it was mistakenly believed they posed no threat to the environment. It wasn’t until 2011 that a European Medicines Agency paper suggested protecting animals from water for 48 hours, yet Perkins notes that there was no substantial evidence backing this guideline. “It seems to be just a finger-in-the-air estimate,” she says.

Her concern grew after detecting fipronil, a pesticide used in these treatments, in a UK river. “We noted alarmingly high concentrations,” Perkins recalls.

Her team administered spot-on treatments containing either fipronil or neonicotinoids like imidacloprid to 25 and 24 dogs, respectively. After 5, 14, or 28 days, dogs were immersed up to their shoulders in a plastic tub for 5 minutes to measure pesticide levels in the water.

The findings revealed that even after 28 days, a single large dog’s chemical residue could exceed safe levels in 100 cubic meters of water—similar to the volume of a small pond. Regular swimming by treated dogs can further escalate contamination in larger bodies of water, warns Perkins.

She advocates for regulatory changes globally but fears that such adjustments may require significant time. In the meantime, dog owners should limit spot-on treatments to necessary occasions and keep their pets away from water for at least a month following treatment. “The key takeaway is that if your dog swims during this period, there are associated risks,” she emphasizes.

Currently, alternatives exist in the form of oral tablets, but Perkins remains uncertain of their environmental impact, noting that the active ingredients can persist in feces and contaminate soil. “We still lack clarity on their effects.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Discover Your Dog’s Personality with These Adorable Puppy Tests!

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Is your cherished puppy turning out to be a gentle companion or a little troublemaker? Simple behavioral tests can offer valuable insights.

A recent adorable study from the University of Helsinki found that specific playful tasks can reveal significant personality traits in puppies as young as 3 months old.

The tests assess how the puppy navigates obstacles to reach a treat, their ability to follow human gestures, and their reactions to unfamiliar people and environments.

Researchers aim for these assessments to aid dog owners in understanding their puppies and fostering their development from an early age.

“Most previous research has concentrated on whether cognitive testing can predict puppies’ suitability for roles like detection or guide dogs,” said Saara Junttila, a researcher at the University of Helsinki and leading figure in the study, as reported by BBC Science Focus.

“However, there hasn’t been a study examining whether these tests can predict behavioral traits relevant in pets and daily interactions with owners.”

The puppy faced the challenge of retrieving a treat from inside a transparent cylinder – Credit: Elisenbera

In this investigation, 99 puppies were tested between 3 and 7 months of age and were later retested as adults (1 to 8 years old).

Prior studies have indicated that behavioral tests are not reliable indicators for puppies younger than 8 weeks, as their personalities are still developing (and they are often too sleepy to be properly evaluated).

Multiple puppy assessments have shown promising links to identifying the personalities of adult dogs.

Puppies who excelled in the gesture test displayed strong responsiveness to human cues and were generally easier to train. Conversely, puppies that persistently sought treats through clear barriers without learning to circumvent them tended to be more impulsive as adults.

An intriguing finding arose from a challenging task involving a sealed box where puppies attempted to retrieve treats. Interestingly, those exposed frequently to nearby humans were often more likely to fear unfamiliar humans as adults, even if they were strangers.

How to Ensure a Happy Dog

Understanding potential behavioral issues can significantly improve how you train your dog and cater to their needs.

“Pet owners often struggle to recognize when their dogs or cats are feeling anxious,” notes Dr. Emily Blackwell, a behavioral researcher at the University of Bristol who was not involved in the study.

“If you can anticipate which puppies may develop fears, owners can provide additional support during interactions and experiences.”

Similarly, impulsive and high-energy puppies may require different training approaches compared to those that thrive in calm environments.

“Puppies don’t misbehave deliberately,” Junttila explains. “High energy and impulsivity are simply traits inherent in a puppy’s personality.”

Meet Our Experts

Saara Junttila is a doctoral researcher at the University of Helsinki, investigating the relationship between cognitive development and behavior in dogs.

Emily Blackwell is a senior lecturer in animal behavior and welfare at the University of Bristol’s Veterinary School. Her research spans various domestic animal species regarding behavior and welfare.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Genetic Factors Could Contribute to Your Dog’s Weight Struggle, Just Like in Humans

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Have you ever wondered why some dogs look naturally rounded, no matter how much they run around? After all, the same genes that contribute to human obesity are also found in our dogs.

in New genome researchscientists have identified several genes associated with obesity in dogs. This is a gene that we humans share. This means that our favorite furry friends (sorry, cats) will actually help researchers unlock new insights into weight gain, health and complex diseases.

Environmental factors such as Inexpensive availability of ultra-processed foods Scientists, commonly chosen for increased rates of obesity, emphasize that it is a complex condition with a large number of biological root causes. The main factor is hereditary Research from 2007 People estimate that there is 40-70% of people who develop obesity due to genes they inherit from their parents.

As Dr. Eleanor Rafansaid he will lead the academics with new research. BBC Science Focus, “If you're unlucky enough to get the genes that are prone to obesity, it manifests as a bigger appetite and makes it difficult to resist those drives. Slim people aren't morally good. You don't need to show that much willpower to maintain a healthy weight.”

To see if obesity in dogs is also hereditary, researcher Natalie Wallis and her team looked at the genes of a 241 pet Labrador retriever.

Oscar and Isla, and the Labrador used in this study. Photo credit: Natalie Wallis

Using a heterologous approach, they identified multiple obesity-inducing genes shared by dogs and humans. Among these, the gene dennd1b plays an important role in the way our cells process energy – has emerged as a particularly strong genetic association between human and dog obesity.

“By looking at just a few hundred Labrador retrievers, we discovered new biology about the associations of the whole species. We hope that more people will consider using dog genetic models for more scientific discoveries in the future, especially for complex diseases,” Wallis said. BBC Science Focus.

Not only does it provide scientists with new models to understand human diseases, but this study also helps to care for dogs. Pet obesity is on the rise, and at Royal Veterinary College in London Recently, we have reported 1 in 14 dogs It is recorded as overweight every year in the UK.

In the US, 2022 Pet Obesity Association (APOP) Survey It is found that 59% of dogs are overweight, indicating a wide range of issues in pet health. However, up until now, the genetic basis of dog obesity has not been extensively studied.

Dr. Eleanor Lafan takes chocolate Labrador retrievers. Photo credit: Dr. Eleanor Rafan

Understanding pet genetics may be a game changer for their care. “Our results underscore the importance of encouraging exercise and limiting food intake for pet dogs,” says Dr. Rafan.

“Many people still blame the owners of fat dogs, saying they are lazy or extravagant, and the same stereotypes are reflected on obese people. Our data shows that controlling food intake in high-risk dogs is much more difficult. It should actually change the way dogs deal with obesity. They should target high-risk dog owners and support effective management (rather than criticizing them).”

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

What is the reason for furry animals wagging wet dogs?

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Most pet owners have probably seen their furry friends get soaking wet. After dripping for 1 second, they spray water everywhere. wet dog shake. Almost all hairy mammals, from dogs, cats, and mice to lions, tigers, and bears, shiver and dry when their fur gets wet. But even though it's common for dogs to get wet and shiver, scientists still don't know what causes this behavior.

Our skin is very sensitive to touch. Most people can easily distinguish the gentle touch of a loved one, a breeze, the movement of a pest on the skin. We sense touch through our nervous system using specialized cells called . somatosensory neurons Detect changes in our skin. Hairy animals have 12 unique types of somatosensory neurons that sense and respond to touch. One such neuron is C-LTMRresponds only to mild, slow stimuli. When these neurons sense something, they react strongly by sending strong electrical signals through the nervous system. The research team wondered if these neurons were responsible for the tremors in wet dogs.

To investigate the link between C-LTMR neurons and wet dog tremors, the researchers first measured this behavior in mice. They used a dropper to place droplets of sunflower seed oil on the necks of 10 mice and monitored their behavior for five minutes. Mice initiated wet dog shaking within an average of 10 seconds after droplet placement, often 3 to 4 times every 18 seconds. After the first minute, the mice stopped shaking frequently and instead groomed and scratched themselves.

So the researchers wanted to know whether the shivering in wet dogs was an automatic behavior triggered by neurons that sensed these droplets. To test this, they used genetic engineering techniques. crisper In order to remove the genes that create touch sensors in neurons, piezo 2. CRISPR is piezo 2 Gene for finding mouse cells themselves piezo 2 gene. CRISPR then disrupts the gene, preventing the mouse cells from making touch sensors. When researchers placed oil drops on the necks of genetically engineered mice, wet dog shakes did not occur. The researchers concluded that touch is the main mechanism that triggers the automatic shivering behavior in wet dogs.

Many somatosensory neurons use Piezo2 to sense touch, so the researchers are unable to pinpoint the neurons responsible for the wet dog's tremors. However, some genes are only produced by certain types of neurons. The researchers used genetic engineering to target these genes, a process called light-sensitization. optogenetics. These light-sensitive genes produce proteins that become activated when scientists shine a blue laser on them. The researchers used optogenetics to create light-sensitive C-LTMR neurons and compared them to other light-sensitive somatosensory neurons.

When the researchers shined a light on the skin of seven light-sensitive C-LTMR mice, the mice shivered 60% of the time like a wet dog. But mice with other light-sensitive neurons did not show the dog-wetting tremors in response to the laser. The researchers found that photosensitive C-LTMR mice responded best 80% of the time when the laser was applied to the neck rather than the back or thighs, with 30% and 0% responses, respectively. Ta.

The researchers thought this might indicate that C-LTMR neurons were sending signals through other neurons in the spine. spinal parabrachial neurons or SPN. To test this, the researchers cultured SPNs containing optogenetic C-LTMR neurons in Petri dishes. When they shined a laser on C-LTMR neurons, the electrical signals within the SPN were measured with electrodes, showing that these neurons were communicating.

The researchers concluded that wet dog tremors are caused specifically by C-LTMR neurons in the spine. They hope that future studies can build on their findings and gain a deeper understanding of the connections between C-LTMR neurons and the brain. Continuing these studies will impact how scientists understand wet dog tremors in mammals and how hypersensitivity and other contact-based symptoms develop in humans. Possibly.


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Source: sciworthy.com

Researchers find the precise moment when humans and dogs formed a bond

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Just like iconic duos such as fish and chips, Batman and Robin, and Jack and Jill, humans and dogs have always been destined to be together. But when did this special bond first form? Scientists may have finally discovered the answer.

A recent study led by researchers from the University of Arizona delved into archaeological sites in Alaska, unveiling that the connection between humans and the ancient ancestors of dogs traces back as far as 12,000 years ago.

“This study provides evidence that humans and dogs shared a close relationship in the Americas earlier than previously thought,” stated the lead author of the study, François Lanoe, Assistant Professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Arizona. François Lanoe

Initial excavations in 2018 uncovered the lower leg bones of an adult dog dating back 12,000 years in Alaska, shedding light on the close relationship between humans and dogs during that era, especially with signs of possible domestication on the rise.

A more recent excavation in June 2023 unearthed an 8,100-year-old dog jawbone in the same region, providing further evidence of the early human-canid bond. Chemical analysis of the bones revealed evidence of a diet consisting of salmon, suggesting human involvement in the dog’s lifestyle.

While these findings hint at the earliest known relationship between humans and dogs, researchers remain cautious due to the age of the specimens and uncertainties regarding their genetic relation to modern dog populations.

As research continues to unfold, the team hopes to clarify the intricate history behind the companionship between humans and canids, ensuring they are on the right evolutionary path.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Which Animal is Smarter: Cats or Dogs? A Scientific Comparison.

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The debate on whether cats or dogs are smarter has been ongoing for ages. Dogs typically have larger brains than cats, with more neurons in their cerebral cortex and brains overall. Golden Retrievers, for example, have been found to have 623 million neurons in their cortex compared to 429 million in small dogs and 250 million in cats.

It’s not just about the number of neurons, though. Dogs have been studied more extensively than cats, making their intelligence capabilities more well-known. Cats are harder to study due to their aversion to new environments like laboratories.

Researchers have categorized the intelligence of pets based on three main factors.

Social Intelligence

Social cognition, or an animal’s ability to understand the mental states of others, can be evaluated through unsolvable tasks. For example, when faced with a closed container, dogs are known to turn to humans for help, displaying referential signaling similar to pointing. Cats, on the other hand, are less likely to seek help but show some level of visual communication skills.

When it comes to “counting,” both cats and dogs can discriminate between quantities. Studies have shown that vision plays a crucial role in this ability, with neither species relying heavily on other senses.

Self-awareness

The mirror test, a common method for testing self-recognition, has shown that cats and dogs do not pass the visual test. However, studies have explored the olfactory version of the mirror test, with dogs showing the ability to recognize scents associated with themselves or other dogs.

Cats have also demonstrated the ability to distinguish their feces from others, indicating a level of self-awareness based on smell.

Final Verdict

Intelligence in pets is multifaceted and context-dependent. Cats and dogs exhibit intelligence in different ways, influenced by factors such as genetics, socialization, and training. While some dogs may excel in tasks like remembering toy names, each pet has its unique strengths.

Ultimately, both cats and dogs are intelligent creatures in their own right, deserving of love and appreciation for their individual characteristics.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

The Cognitive Benefits of Owning Cats and Dogs: How Your Pets Can Prevent Cognitive Decline

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As we age, our cognitive abilities, such as memory, language, and attention, tend to decline, and scientists have yet to find a way to prevent this decline.

However, there are steps you can take to slow down this decline, and recent scientific studies suggest that owning a pet could be one of them.

For instance, in a 2022 study conducted by US researchers, they examined the cognitive abilities of 1,369 older individuals covered by Medicare health insurance over a six-year period.

About half of the participants owned pets, and the researchers observed that those who owned pets experienced a slower decline in cognitive abilities compared to non-pet owners.

Furthermore, within the pet-owning group, those who had pets for a longer period performed better on the cognitive tests.

The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) has been tracking the aging process in people over 50 for over 25 years, helping scientists explore the positive effects pets have on the brain.

According to survey results released last year, owning a pet has been linked to slowing down cognitive decline, particularly in individuals who live alone.

Living alone can contribute to a faster decline in cognitive function and a higher risk of dementia, but having a pet appears to help mitigate these risks.

While there is still much to learn about brain health and aging, owning a pet could be a practical approach to maintaining mental sharpness as we grow older.

This article addresses the question posed by George Grainger from Truro: “Can owning a pet really slow down cognitive decline?”

If you have any inquiries, please contact us at the email provided below. For additional information, you can reach out to us via Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram (please include your name and location).

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Adorable Reasons Why Dogs Can’t Stop Staring at You

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If you have ever had a dog as a pet, you are likely familiar with this scenario: you are engaged in a task, and suddenly you look up to see your furry friend gazing at you longingly from across the room.

This common behavior may leave you wondering why it occurs and what goes on in your dog’s mind.

This behavior has been studied for decades by researchers in the field of dog psychology. Understanding why dogs stare at us so intensely was a major focus of early dog cognition research.

“One of the initial findings in dog cognition research was that dogs perceive our eyes and faces in a unique way compared to other animals, which sparked further research,” explained Professor Alexandra Horowitz, who specializes in Canine Cognition at Barnard College, Columbia University in New York.

“While other animals may also exhibit this behavior, many animals use staring as a form of intimidation. For instance, wolves may glare at unfamiliar wolves to avoid conflict.”

Why does my dog ​​stare at me?

The simplest explanation for why your dog stares at you is that they are seeking cues from you on how to behave or what to do.

“Dogs view their owners as the controllers of their world, as they dictate their daily routines and activities,” Horowitz adds.

“We decide when they eat, when they can go outside, where they can relieve themselves, and more. Dogs want to observe these actions in order to understand what they should do.”

This behavior is rooted in a deeper connection. Studies have shown that dogs possess a keen ability to discern human emotions and needs, even through facial expressions. Dogs can differentiate between emotions like anger and happiness, solely based on facial expressions.

This ability may be attributed to the strong bond that humans and dogs have developed over thousands of years of companionship.

“Humans use eye contact as a gesture of intimacy and communication with people they are close to. Dogs may have picked up on this behavior over time, showing their interest and understanding of humans by focusing on their faces,” Horowitz explains.

So, the next time your dog gazes at you, rest assured – it is a natural behavior. They are likely trying to figure out what you are doing and how they can participate. Good pups indeed!

About our experts

Alexandra Horowitz is a professor of canine cognition at Barnard College, Columbia University in New York.

Her research has been featured in journals such as Animal Cognition, Learning and Behavior, and the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

In addition to her academic work, she has authored books like “Inside of a Dog: What Dogs See, Smell, and Know” and “Year of the Puppy.”

Read more about dog science:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

10 Simple Steps to Ensure Your Dog’s Safety and Happiness in Hot Weather

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As temperatures rise in many parts of the world this summer, staying cool can be a challenge. Imagine wearing a furry coat all day in such heat – not fun, right?

Our furry friends face this reality, which is why they need extra attention when the weather gets hot.

“Dogs rely on panting to cool down, which is less efficient than sweating,” explains Dogs Trust to BBC Science Focus.

“They lack self-control, so they don’t realize when they need to slow down due to heat.”

Fortunately, there are simple things you can do to keep your dog calm and happy when temperatures soar.

1. Walk your dog in the mornings and evenings

Like humans, dogs can overheat if exercised in direct sunlight. Research shows that a significant number of heatstroke cases in dogs are caused by exercise, with walking being a common trigger.

One recommendation from The Kennel Club is to walk your dog early in the morning or late in the evening to avoid the hottest times of the day.

2. Stay hydrated

Just like people, dogs need to stay hydrated in hot weather. Carry water and a bowl for your dog when going out to prevent dehydration.

3. Harness your dog

Harnesses are recommended over collars, especially in hot weather, as collars can restrict airflow and hinder a dog’s ability to cool down through panting.

4. Watch out for symptoms of heatstroke and stroke

Heatstroke can affect any dog, with certain breeds and conditions increasing the risk. Look for signs like excessive panting, breathing difficulties, fatigue, and more.

5. Remember that the sidewalk can be hot for your feet.

Test pavement temperature with your hand before letting your dog walk on it. Hot pavements can burn your dog’s paws, so stick to grass or cooler surfaces.

6. Try paddling

Give your dog access to water for a cool dip. A paddling pool or water play can help them cool off and have fun.

7. Be careful when traveling by car

Avoid leaving your dog in a hot car and take precautions for car journeys to ensure your dog’s comfort and safety.

8. Offer frozen treats

Provide your dog with frozen treats to help them cool down. Avoid harmful foods and opt for ice in their water or frozen toys.

9. Have the person lie down on a damp towel

Use a damp towel to help your dog relax and cool down after a hot day.

10. Get a haircut

Trimming your dog’s hair can help keep them cool, especially in hot weather. Proper grooming can assist in heat dissipation and prevent overheating.

For more tips and information on caring for your dog in hot weather, visit the Dogs Trust website.

About our experts

Victoria Phillips Veterinary Manager at Dogs Trust, with 18 years of experience in the veterinary field.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Dogs Have a Deep Understanding of Words and Their Meanings.

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dogs can remember the names of things

Golodenkov/Shutterstock

Records of dogs’ brain activity show that dogs seem to understand that words refer to specific objects.

Some dogs can retrieve a variety of objects on command, but few do well in such tests in the lab. Additionally, it is unclear whether dogs understand words as names of objects rather than instructions.

To explore this question further, Marianna Boros Researchers at Eötvös Lorand University in Budapest, Hungary, tested 18 dogs from a wide range of breeds, including border collies, toy poodles and Labrador retrievers.

Owners selected five objects that were familiar to each dog. In the test, they said the name of an object and showed the dog either the named object or another object.

Each dog’s brain waves were monitored using electroencephalography (EEG) to see if there was a difference in activity compared to when the word and object were the same, such as when the dog’s owner said “ball” and showed a stick. Ta.

“The idea was that if dogs understood the meaning of words, their brains would respond differently when presented with matching objects than when presented with mismatched objects,” Boros says.

The researchers found that the brainwave signals were different when the objects did not match, and that the effect was stronger for words that the individual dogs were familiar with. This is similar to results seen in humans and suggests that dogs know that certain words represent certain objects.

“The most important takeaway from this study is not only that non-humans have the ability to understand words referentially, but also that this ability appears to be present in dogs in general as well,” Boros said. says. “This study shows that dogs may understand more than they show.”

No one breed of dog seemed to exhibit better language skills than the other, Boros said.

susan hazel Researchers from the University of Adelaide in Australia say their study adds to our knowledge of dog cognition.

“I think both dogs understand more than we realize,” says Hazel. “This study shows that dogs seem to have mental representations of words they know, such as ball. This shows how dogs understand some words. This is no surprise at all to most dog owners.

On the other hand, many dog ​​owners anthropomorphize their pets, ascribing emotions and understanding abilities to them that don’t exist, she says.

“Canine cognition is currently one of the most researched areas in the world,” says Hazell. “I love all the research about dogs, but I’d also like to learn more about the other animals we live closely with: cats, rabbits, horses.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Brain recordings reveal that playing with dogs enhances focus and induces relaxation

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During the activities, participants wore headsets that detected brain waves and filled out questionnaires detailing their emotional states afterward.

Researchers discovered that when playing with Aro using sound-producing toys or taking him for a walk along a park path, participants’ alpha brain waves, indicating stability and relaxation, were more pronounced. This suggests an increased sense of rest and relaxation.

Engaging with Alo, brushing, and giving gentle massages to the dog strengthened beta brain waves associated with attention and concentration. This indicates improved concentration without added stress.

After completing all eight activities, participants reported feeling less stressed, tired, and depressed.

Studies have shown that activities like massaging Aro, offering treats, and hugs can enhance people’s moods. Participants also felt more at ease and relaxed while walking and massaging the dog.

“This study illustrates that certain activities with dogs can boost relaxation, emotional stability, alertness, concentration, and creativity by stimulating increased brain activity,” said Yoo. “Interacting with dogs can reduce stress and evoke positive emotional responses.”

Past studies indicate that dogs may help alleviate symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, although the efficacy of the intervention remains ambiguous.

A 2022 survey revealed that veterans and first responders with service dogs experienced fewer PTSD symptoms than those without. However, having a dog as a pet had a minimal impact.

A 2020 clinical trial indicated that service dogs were slightly more effective in improving PTSD symptoms in veterans compared to emotional support dogs. Regardless, both types of dogs demonstrated some improvement in PTSD symptoms.

Therapy dogs from an organization called UCLA People-Animal Connection shake hands.
Provided by Jennifer Dobkin

Research also suggests that for “pet therapy” to be effective, individuals must have a liking for animals.

“I was actually traumatized by dogs when I was younger, so I never fully embraced them to know if I would feel the same level of comfort,” stated Kathryn Magruder, a professor of psychiatry at the university and author of the 2020 clinical trial.

Jennifer Dobkin manages an animal therapy program called UCLA People-Animal Connection for medical patients and staff and has witnessed firsthand how interactions with dogs can aid in focus and relaxation.

“Staff members who are stressed and having a rough day visibly relax their posture. They smile. They tell us things like ‘You have no idea how much I needed this,'” she remarked.

Dobkin recounted a situation where her terrier mix dog, Toto, helped a grieving family find solace amid the sorrow and stress of losing a loved one.

Children at Stuart House in Santa Monica, Calif., also engaged with therapy dogs like a golden retriever and Labrador named North, bringing comfort and support to those coping with traumatic experiences.

“Our dogs are present to help children navigate discussions about extraordinarily stressful events they have endured. I believe it aids in concentration and provides a sense of comfort,” Dobkin concluded.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Iron Age people may have buried their beloved pets, such as dogs and horses along with them

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Remains of dog and baby girl buried in Seminario Vescoville near Verona, Italy

Laffranchi et al. (CC-BY 4.0)

Late Iron Age people in northern Italy were sometimes buried with dogs and horses. Probably because they loved dogs and horses.

Archaeologists often suspect that the ancient worldwide custom of placing animals in human graves is associated with higher socio-economic status, beliefs about the afterlife, or certain family traditions. I was there. However, after thorough investigation, researchers say they are now beginning to suspect that such “community burials” may have simply been expressions of love for devoted non-human family members. Marco Mirella At the University of Bern, Switzerland.

He and his colleagues reexamined bones excavated from the 2,200-year-old Seminario Vescoville cemetery just east of Verona, Italy. There, the Cenomani lived in metal-making communities before and during the Roman conquest.

Most of the 161 graves discovered at the site contained only human remains, but 16 graves also contained whole or partial animal remains. Twelve of the items were pork or beef products, apparently food offerings to the deceased. Zita Laffranchialso at the University of Bern.

However, the remaining four were buried with dogs and/or horses, which were not used for food by the group. Among them were a middle-aged man with a small dog, a young man with part of a horse, a 9-month-old baby girl alongside the dog, and, most unexpectedly, a pony. She was a middle-aged woman. She had a dog’s head placed above her and a dog’s head placed above her head.

“At first, the excavators were surprised to find human legs under the horses, and their first idea was that there were horsemen here, there were warriors.” LaFranch says. However, the woman was buried unarmed, suggesting that her association with the 1.3 meter tall pony had nothing to do with the war.

The researchers found no particular trends in the age of the people buried with the animals, and DNA analysis suggested they were not genetically related to each other. Chemical analysis of these corpses Dietary differences related to socio-economic status were also not revealed compared to human-only graves.

The findings suggest that ancient people may have felt a strong connection to their animals and therefore chose to bury their loved ones with them, the researchers said. “And why not?” says Mirella. “You can never rule that out.”

Another explanation, the researchers added, is that the animals may have had symbolic meaning for the afterlife. For example, in Gallo-Roman religion, The Celtic horse goddess Epona was believed to protect individuals after death..And what about Gallo Romance? Sometimes dogs are associated with the afterlife.. In fact, burying dogs with infants may even have had a purpose: Protecting parents from future baby loss.

Still, the animals in the graves appear to have benefited from careful human care, rather than as disposable livestock. The dog in particular appears to have been fed human food and is showing signs of wound treatment and healing.

So it’s also possible that people were buried with animals for both symbolic and affectionate reasons, Mirella said.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

“Bitcoin Dogs Set New Milestone as First ICO on Bitcoin Blockchain” – Blockchain News, Opinion, TV, Jobs

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London, UK, February 9, 2024, Chainwire

Bitcoin Dogs is set to become part of cryptocurrency history as the first ICO on the Bitcoin blockchain, launching on February 14, 2024.

The presale of the native token $0DOG will only last for 30 days and will end on March 15, 2024, at which point it will be available for trading.

The $0DOG coin comes with an immersive Metaverse GameFi experience and an NFT collection, both of which are exclusively available to token holders.

The sale will start from stage 1 with a price of $0.015 per token, after which the price will automatically increase every 72 hours. In the final stage of the presale, each $0DOG token will be sold for $0.0404, representing a price difference of 169.33% compared to early stage buyers.

The project begins a challenge Bitcoin Catswhich was also launched on the Bitcoin blockchain seven weeks ago, currently has a market capitalization of $24 million and daily trading volume of over $7 million.

Using the paradigm-shifting Ordinals protocol, players store their NFTs on the Bitcoin BRC-20 blockchain, providing a new level of security and trust when playing against competitors. Solana and Ethereum.

Press the foot button: Inside the Bitcoin Dogs game

Bitcoin Dogs allows users to raise, trade, and race pets in a Play-to-Ear (P2E) environment, drawing heavily on experiences like Tamagotchi and Axie Infinity.

In this game, players are asked to take care of dogs in order to level up. The in-game token BARK powers this process. These can be earned by sharing your activities on social media. This is a mechanism designed to bring new players on board.

Once your dog matures, you will start earning $0DOG. This is her BRC-20 presale token, which players can ultimately hold, sell, or stake. Dog owners can race for each other's $0DOG stash, creating a financial incentive for players to move up the leaderboard.

You can also stake $0DOG tokens to maximize your rewards. Pre-sale stakers will unlock her APR of 75% when they lock their tokens.

Retro game graphics bring the world of Bitcoin Dogs to life, and the dogs will be stored on the blockchain as 10,000 individual NFTs of varying rarity levels. This ecosystem is given an additional layer of interactivity with NFT owners having the option to buy, sell, and even breed their own dogs, creating a vibrant marketplace where dog lovers can interact with each other.

These NFTs are minted on the Bitcoin blockchain using the state-of-the-art Ordinals protocol, so there is something for multiple investor groups. Bitcoin maximalists can enjoy NFTs without leaving the BTC ecosystem, and experienced collectors can become early investors in the latest niche of the NFT market.

The future path for Bitcoin dogs

Bitcoin Dogs ICO is the easiest way to purchase $0DOG tokens. 90% of the total supply of 900 million will be available during the presale, and unsold tokens (stray dogs) will be “burned” to create deflationary pressure.

After the pre-sale, $0DOG will be available for trading on the secondary market. Then, in Q2, the Bitcoin Dogs NFT collection and the Bitcoin Dogs game beta will arrive.

The game continues to be developed with new P2E partnerships and is expected to be officially released in Q3. Contests and events will strengthen the project's marketing efforts, and a cross-chain bridge will also go live, bringing Bitcoin Dog to its largest audience to date.

The timing couldn’t be better for $0DOG

As many experts predict this is the perfect time for the Bitcoin dog to strike. The NFT boom is back. This is further exacerbated by various bull market indicators. Additionally, given the success of first-generation projects like Bitcoin Cats last year, the team expects Bitcoin Dogs to be great and have a vibrant community.

Bitcoin itself is off to a positive start heading into 2024 and looks set to continue. Bitcoin ETF was approved in January, Next halving is in April is coming. Bitcoin Dogs is looking to ride this wave as its roadmap is revealed throughout the year.

As the first ICO on the Bitcoin blockchain, NFTs, BRC-20 tokens, and Considering cross-chain interoperability, this project and its $0DOG token are a rare advancement in the cryptocurrency space.

About Bitcoin Dog

Bitcoin Dogs is breaking new ground in the Bitcoin ecosystem. For the first time ever, NFTs, gaming, and a new type of token come together to deliver the first ICO on the original Bitcoin blockchain. Bitcoin's true permissionless immutability has been leveraged to create the $0DOG token, with play-to-earn (P2E) gaming experiences and NFT collections developed exclusively for $0DOG holders.

$0DOG token is BitcoinDogs.club website February 14, 2024, 11:00 AM (GMT).

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The source of this content is Bitcoin Dogs. This press release is for informational purposes only. This information does not constitute investment advice or investment recommendations. Investing in cryptocurrencies can be volatile and risky.

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Source: the-blockchain.com