Cellulite is a common skin concern characterized by uneven, dimpled areas often likened to the texture of orange peel or cottage cheese. It is predominantly found on the thighs, buttocks, and hips.
Research indicates that 80-90 percent of women develop cellulite after puberty, while men are significantly less affected and not entirely immune.
Despite its prevalence, cellulite is often misunderstood and incorrectly associated solely with excess weight or an unhealthy lifestyle. In reality, multiple factors contribute to its formation.
What Causes Cellulite?
Cellulite results from an interplay between fat cells, connective tissue, and skin structure. Fibrous bands, known as septa, anchor the skin to the underlying muscles.
In women, these bands are vertically oriented, causing adipose lobules (fat cell clumps) to push through, creating dimples when the skin above is thinner or less elastic.
Men tend to have a cross-structure in connective tissue, which helps reduce the visibility of cellulite. This physiological difference is one reason men develop fewer wrinkles.
The structure of our skin helps explain why men are less likely to develop cellulite – Photo credit: Getty
Hormones, particularly estrogen, significantly influence this process. Estrogen affects blood flow to the skin, fat distribution, and tissue structure.
Factors like puberty, pregnancy, and hormonal changes during menopause or through hormonal contraceptives can lead to an increase in cellulite visibility.
Genetics also play a crucial role in determining skin thickness, collagen integrity, and fat distribution. Aging further exacerbates these effects as collagen production declines and skin thins, making cellulite more noticeable.
Lifestyle factors such as smoking and poor circulation contribute to the development of cellulite.
In conclusion, cellulite arises from a combination of biological and environmental factors, including chemical pollution. It’s not merely a result of being overweight.
Can Cellulite Be Removed?
Despite a booming industry promising quick fixes, no treatment has proven to permanently eliminate cellulite. It is not classified as a disease, but rather a typical structural characteristic of human skin. However, various approaches can temporarily diminish its appearance.
Lifestyle changes can be beneficial. Incorporating strength training enhances muscle tone and reduces skin laxity, while aerobic exercises improve circulation.
While managing weight may shrink fat cells, cellulite can still persist in those with a healthy weight. A balanced diet and quitting smoking promote overall skin and connective tissue health but do not specifically target cellulite.
Topical treatments featuring caffeine or retinol may yield minor short-term improvements by dehydrating fat cells or thickening the skin.
Massage techniques, ranging from manual methods to devices like endermologie, can enhance lymphatic drainage and circulation but offer only temporary results.
Medical procedures can provide more significant effects, such as laser and radiofrequency treatments designed to disrupt fibrous bands and stimulate collagen production. Subcision, a minor surgical technique, releases these bands under the skin.
Although these options can enhance skin texture for months or even years, they can be costly, invasive, and carry certain risks.
Conclusion
Cellulite should be viewed as a normal aspect of human skin, particularly in women. It does not indicate poor health, fitness, or self-care and does not require treatment unless one desires cosmetic improvements.
Embracing cellulite as a natural variation in body structure can help shift the perspective away from “fixing” it and towards accepting it as part of human diversity.
This article addresses the query “Why does cellulite form and can it be reduced?” (submitted by Judy Price from Solihull).
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Parents Can Foster Healthy Eating Habits in Children
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Nancy Bostock, a pediatrician at Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, is deeply concerned about the conflicting messages regarding food that children and parents receive. With her expertise in children’s weight management and mental health, she has co-led the creation of innovative food strategies. For more information, visit Cambridge Children’s Hospital.
“I worry that parents may feel overwhelmed by advice from various sources, leading them to adopt practices that might not serve their children’s best interests,” Bostock explains. In her interview with New Scientist, she shares six straightforward, science-based strategies to help children cultivate a healthy relationship with food.
1. Emphasize the Social and Emotional Dimensions of Eating
Eating, parenting, and anxiety are intertwined. This can manifest early in life. Some families experience food insecurity shortly after the birth of a child, pressuring parents to breastfeed. While breastfeeding is undoubtedly beneficial, it is also crucial for the mother’s mental health. Common early-life challenges such as hypoglycemia and jaundice can induce parental guilt over inadequate nourishment.
This stress often leads parents to excessively monitor their children’s eating habits, overshadowing the fundamental relationship between children and food. Remember, most children will eat when hungry and drink when thirsty.
Many parents fret about whether their children drink enough water. However, as long as your child is thriving, there’s no need to constantly check their hydration levels. Trust your child’s instincts.
Additionally, consider the social dynamics of family meals. Reflect on mealtime experiences: do you all eat together? Are meals enjoyable and relaxed? Foster a positive and communal atmosphere surrounding food.
2. Avoid Saying, “I Can’t Eat the Dessert Until I Finish My Dinner.”
Allowing children to regulate their own appetite fosters healthier eating habits as they grow. Minimize parental interference: promote that food is a source of nourishment and energy, and let your child understand their bodily needs.
Statements like “you can’t have dessert until finishing dinner” can lead to unhealthy binge eating. If dessert is always sweet and rich, children might favor less nutritious foods over time, sending a negative message about enjoying food. Instead, serve dinner followed by fruit if desired.
3. Refrain from Imposing Unnecessary Dietary Restrictions
Amidst abundant dietary advice, parents often seek guidance from nutritionists or behavioral specialists to manage children’s eating habits. However, many recommendations to restrict particular foods lack medical foundation. For instance, enforcing a gluten-free diet without celiac disease could have negative effects, including fiber loss and nutrient deficiencies.
Moreover, outright banning certain foods can create a perception of them being “unsafe.” Research suggests that a healthier approach is to prioritize the intake of nutrient-rich foods—fiber, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains—over eliminating food groups.
4. Prevent Children from Using Food for Manipulation
Parents often worry about their children’s eating habits or how their behavior might change if they don’t eat enough. Kids quickly pick up on their parents’ concerns and may manipulate situations with food. Phrases like “If I don’t have ice cream right now, I’ll be sad” can escalate the situation and, if parents give in, this only reinforces bad behavior. Instead, communicate that eating is for energy and health, not a bargaining tool. Offer choices without pressure, like fruit or yogurt if they don’t want the main meal.
5. Recognize That Likes and Dislikes Are Normal
It’s normal for children to become picky eaters as they develop. Research shows that a significant percentage of preschoolers exhibit selective eating behaviors. This phase helps children differentiate safe from unsafe foods. Rather than imposing restrictions, present new foods without pressure; studies suggest children typically need about 15 positive exposures to a new food before accepting it.
While it’s essential to avoid foods known to cause allergies, continued exposure to a range of foods is crucial for health, environmental sustainability, and diverse life experiences. Offer variety and understand that tolerance can precede acceptance.
6. Reflect on Your Own Eating Behaviors
Children mirror their parents’ attitudes and beliefs about food. It’s vital to model healthy perspectives. If you express negativity about your body or weight, children may internalize similar thoughts. Evidence shows kids often adopt their parents’ biases. Hence, the best way to nurture a positive relationship with food and body image in your child is to cultivate one in yourself.
As narrated by Helen Thomson
If your child’s diet is excessively restricted, or if they are not growing or gaining weight appropriately, please consult a healthcare professional.
A groundbreaking recipe for the classic Cacio e Pepe pasta dish and perfectly cooked hard-boiled eggs has stirred discussions in the culinary world throughout 2025, evoking both excitement and dissent.
In January, Ivan di Terlizzi and researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Complex Systems Physics in Germany unveiled their findings on achieving the ideal silky texture of Cacio e Pepe pasta sauce. This traditional dish, composed of black pepper, pecorino cheese, and water, is notoriously challenging to perfect without unwanted lumps. According to the researchers, the key lies in the addition of a small amount of cornstarch.
The research involved meticulous testing of hundreds of sauce variations to determine the ideal ratios of cheese, starch, and water, resulting in insightful graphs and diagrams that indicate the threshold for achieving a lump-free sauce. Despite the scientific backing, their findings sparked controversy, particularly in Italy.
“Being an Italian recipe, we encountered some skepticism on social media, with remarks suggesting we’ve mastered this dish over generations. Cooking should be driven by passion, not just science,” Di Terlizzi noted.
Conversely, responses from the scientific community were predominantly positive, with fellow researchers approaching him at physics conferences to discuss his work. In September, Di Terlizzi and his colleagues were awarded the Ig Nobel Prize, a whimsical recognition of research that stimulates both laughter and contemplation. “It’s about finding patterns in what appears chaotic, provided you examine it through the lens of rigor and mathematics,” he explained.
In February, Ernesto Di Maio and his team at the University of Naples introduced a revolutionary method for boiling eggs perfectly. This intricate technique involves transferring the eggs between pots of 30°C water and boiling water every two minutes for at least 30 minutes to ensure even cooking of the whites and yolks, which solidify at different temperatures.
This egg-cooking method gained significant traction online, though some users criticized the lengthy process for a traditionally quick dish. The media attention also led to unexpected platforms, such as a live cooking show on Japan’s public broadcaster and a segment on the Italian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Di Maio remarked, “I recently returned from Washington, D.C., where I prepared countless eggs for a gathering at an ambassador’s residence.”
Di Maio further mentioned that the scientific principles applied in perfecting the egg-boiling technique are being adapted for more practical applications, such as curing materials at varying temperatures to create layered plastics, akin to the egg white and yolk layers.
The Science of Wine and Cheese in France
Join us for a captivating journey into France’s culinary heritage, exploring the intricate relationship between wine and cheese through the lens of science, tradition, and terroir.
The Infamous Saruman with His Palantir in ‘The Lord of the Rings’
Landmark Media/Alamy
As we embark on the Gregorian New Year, it’s an ideal moment to ponder the future ahead. Will we harness CRISPR to engineer wings? Are we on the verge of uploading human consciousness to the Amazon cloud? Will we encase the sun in a Dyson Sphere? For those passionate about science and engineering, science fiction serves as the canvas for exploring these questions. However, many are misinterpreting these futuristic visions.
As a science journalist and a sci-fi author, I offer a year-end guide to help you avoid misconceptions in reading science fiction. It’s crucial, as our civilization’s trajectory may depend on it.
There are two main ways in which science fiction is often misunderstood. We start with the first issue known as the “Torment Nexus problem,” a term that emerged from a humorous social media post by satirist Alex Breckman. In 2021, he tweeted:
“Science fiction writer: In my narrative, I created the Torment Nexus as a cautionary concept.
Tech Company: We’ve successfully built a Torment Nexus based on the classic sci-fi narrative, ‘Don’t Create a Torment Nexus.’
This encapsulates the Torment Nexus problem, which arises when individuals focus solely on futuristic tech depicted in science fiction, neglecting the core message of the narrative.
As a consequence, billionaires like Peter Thiel have contributed to ventures like Palantir, a surveillance and data analytics company, named after the “Seeing Stone” in The Lord of the Rings. Rather than being a tool of utility, it typically leads its users towards perilous and unethical paths. Its technology has been employed by various military operations, including IDF actions in Gaza. The implications of this are troubling.
Less severe yet still noteworthy examples include Mark Zuckerberg’s rebranding of Facebook to Meta, influenced by Neal Stephenson’s Snow Crash, which showcased a metaverse that is far from desirable. This virtual realm is portrayed as a corporate battleground that propagates mind-altering viruses.
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Zuckerberg and Thiel are blind to the fact that both Palantir and the Metaverse pose significant threats to human cognition. “
It’s apparent that Thiel and Zuckerberg aimed to bring their fictional technologies to life but tragically misinterpreted their underlying messages.
The second pervasive misunderstanding in science fiction is often termed the “Blueprint problem.” This assumption presumes that science fiction serves as an accurate forecast for the future, and by mimicking these fictional outcomes, we can assure a prosperous tomorrow.
The Blueprint problem significantly influenced early space exploration initiatives, which prioritized human travel over robotic missions. Pop culture icons like Flash Gordon and the works of Edgar Rice Burroughs propagated images of humans colonizing distant planets. Today, robotic missions are yielding unprecedented discoveries on Mars while media outlets are fixated on celebrity space travels.
The immense expectations for AI technologies can also be traced back to the Blueprint problem. Countless narratives have portrayed AI as servants and experts, creating an inevitable perception of their arrival, which is far from reality.
Ultimately, science fiction is not a literal roadmap, recipe, or prescription. It embodies a worldview that encourages us to challenge the status quo. This perspective has inspired my latest anthology, We Will Rise Again, co-edited with Karen Lord and Malka Older, offering stories that aim to reshape our perceptions of societal progression. In our collection, the future is fluid, molded by human agency.
As we delve deeper into this understanding, the complexities of our contemporary world reveal themselves. Why do we engineer machines for menial tasks? Why adhere to arbitrary national borders? Why limit gender to two fixed categories? These questions capture the essence of science fiction, serving as gateways into new realms of possibility.
To forge a better future, it’s essential to transcend mere imitation of fictional narratives. Instead, we must cultivate our own visions of what could be.
Annalee Newitz, a science journalist and author, presents their latest work, *Automatic Noodle*. They co-host the Hugo Award-winning podcast *Our Opinions Are Correct* and can be followed on Twitter @annaleen. Their website is: techsploitation.com
What I Am Reading 404 Media offers compelling investigative technology journalism.
What I See A delightful Canadian LGBTQ+ ice hockey romance series.
What I Am Working On Organizing a European tour for the science fiction anthology *We Will Rise Again*.
To lead longer, healthier, and happier lives, we often hear advice like reducing sugar, exercising, quitting smoking, eating vegetables, taking supplements, managing stress, and getting quality sleep. However, one fun health tip remains overlooked: engaging in the arts.
Recent decades have highlighted the positive impact of creativity on overall health. Global initiatives are integrating arts into healthcare, showing remarkable outcomes: from music reducing the need for sedatives during surgeries to dance programs aiding Parkinson’s patients in walking.
Art isn’t just for illness recovery. Crafting, singing, acting, dancing, reading, writing, and painting promote well-being in our daily lives, regardless of our health concerns. In my upcoming book, Art Cure, I assert these activities qualify as “health behaviors,” akin to exercise, nutrition, and sleep. Discover how to incorporate more art into your life starting in 2026.
As an epidemiologist, analyzing cohort studies is part of my routine. These extensive datasets reveal the long-term benefits of art engagement on various health outcomes, collected from diverse populations worldwide.
The findings are compelling. Regular art participants report greater happiness and life satisfaction. Children engaged in the arts are less likely to face depression as they enter adolescence. Additionally, older adults attending cultural events significantly reduce their risk of developing depression over the next few years, as highlighted in this research: The risk of depression is nearly halved.
You may question whether art engagement impacts health independently from wealth or overall lifestyle. Advanced statistical methods account for such variables, including genetics and early life experiences, ensuring valid results still support the link between art and health.
These benefits extend beyond psychological health; children involved in musical activities develop better social skills as they transition to schooling. Conversely, fewer youths participate in artistic endeavors, increasing the risk of anti-social behavior. Furthermore, seniors attending cultural events have been shown to be 32% less likely to feel lonely after a decade.
Live Events: A Path to Enhanced Creativity
Sean Gardner/Getty Images
The positive outcomes intensify with age. My research team at University College London analyzed data from around 100,000 individuals across 16 countries, finding that hobbies like gardening, baking, sewing, and journaling promote: Self-reported health improvements as we age. Engaging in these activities yields benefits such as enhanced balance, lower pain levels, improved sleep quality, better cognitive function, reduced frailty, and a lower risk of chronic diseases like diabetes. In fact, many studies reveal those involved in the arts could live longer compared to their less-engaged counterparts.
How do these surprising health benefits manifest? Psychological, social, and behavioral factors contribute, but intriguing biological mechanisms are emerging. Studies indicate regular art participants show lower blood pressure, heart rates, cholesterol levels, reduced inflammation, improved immune function, and lower body mass index.
Recent advancements in measuring biological age allow scientists to explore how healthy habits influence our aging process. Research combining data on cardiovascular, respiratory, circulatory health, and gene expression patterns suggests that creatively engaging might keep us biologically younger. Individuals participating in dance, music, or visual arts often demonstrate more youthful brain characteristics.
It’s essential to clarify that engaging with art isn’t a cure-all. Factors like accessibility and misconceptions about its health benefits can limit participation. Nonetheless, evidence consistently indicates that dedicating time to enjoyable, creative activities is a valuable health investment for this year. Furthermore, promoting art is also altruistic; economists suggest that arts activities deliver over £18.6 billion in societal value annually.
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Artistic activities involving screens often serve as the ultra-processed foods of the art domain. “
So, how can we all enhance our artistic consumption in 2026? This question is explored throughout my upcoming book, Art Cure, which offers daily strategies for leveraging art to meet your health objectives. Think about art as you do food: don’t binge on it, as quick fixes yield short-lived benefits. Instead, find your equivalent to “5 servings a day” of fruits and vegetables. Dedicate just 10 minutes daily to creative writing or 15 minutes each evening to a craft. Effortlessly swap out activities; trade your dinner date for a live performance, replace gym workouts with dance classes, and read poetry on your commute instead of news articles.
Diversity in your artistic experiences is crucial; explore various creative forms to maximize health benefits. Each unique encounter offers different sensory joys and health advantages. Aim for a moderate level of novelty—something outside your norm but likely enjoyable. Make your artistic engagement genuine rather than virtual; screen-based activities can dilute the essence of art.
Lastly, be a mindful creator. In our fast-paced lives, it’s tempting to think of art as a quick solution. However, art’s beauty lies in its complexity and individuality. These rich and dynamic experiences should be afforded the time they deserve in our lives. Ultimately, art not only enhances our well-being but also evokes feelings of elation and upliftment, proving it is undeniably good for us.
This article is part of a series on simple changes you can implement to enhance your health in the coming year. Read the full series here
When neurons in the brain are active, they generate waste products.
Credit: Nick Veasey/Science Photo Library/Alamy
As we embrace the joy of the Christmas season, many are already thinking about detox plans for the new year, such as reducing movie watching or cutting back on alcohol. This leads to an interesting query: can we apply similar detox methods to our brains? After the festivities, how can we clear away any cognitive clutter?
The brain is naturally equipped to detoxify itself daily, flushing out accumulated metabolic waste that could be harmful. But can we assist in this vital process, potentially shielding ourselves from age-related cognitive decline and dementia?
Let’s delve into the glymphatic system, a newly uncovered pathway responsible for detoxification. This system effectively “sucks” away undesirable proteins and waste from the spaces between neurons, channeling them into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
“CSF circulates much like water in a dishwasher,” explains Maha Alattar from Virginia Commonwealth University.
This fluid systematically drains waste into lymph nodes, eventually allowing it to exit the body through the veins.
While the connection between the glymphatic and lymphatic systems is still not fully understood, researchers are increasingly focused on ways to optimize the glymphatic process. Enhancing this system could prove pivotal in combating cognitive decline and promoting healthy aging. Accumulation of metabolic waste in the brain is linked to symptoms such as declining cognitive function, increasing the risk of dementia and expediting Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease symptoms.
“The glymphatic system is fascinating,” says Nandakumar Narayanan from the University of Iowa Health Care. “Numerous innovative research efforts aim to better understand and quantify glymphatic functions, shedding light on human health and disease.”
Enhancing the Brain’s Waste Removal System
Are there ways we can enhance this waste disposal mechanism? Recent studies indicate that lifestyle changes may significantly impact its efficiency.
“The most proven method to boost glymphatic clearance is sleep,” notes Dr. Lila Landovsky from the University of Tasmania.
The glymphatic system is predominantly inactive during waking hours but reaches peak activity during sleep. For instance, in mice, CSF flow surges by about 60% while they sleep, enabling the removal of beta-amyloid, a protein linked to Alzheimer’s disease.
Though studies have yet to definitively establish that glymphatic activation directly prevents dementia, “the hypothesis is strengthened by evident links between factors that impair glymphatic clearance—such as sleep disturbances and sedentary behavior—and an increased risk for neurodegenerative conditions,” states Landowski.
The position in which we sleep could also affect glymphatic function. In 2015, Helen Benveniste and her team found that sleeping on one’s side improved glymphatic clearance in mice more effectively than sleeping on the back or stomach. While this has not yet been tested in humans, many types of dementia show strong associations with sleep disorders, suggesting sleep positions may be important in our fight against dementia.
Additional Strategies to Enhance Brain Detox
Emerging evidence suggests that other lifestyle choices, such as regular exercise, may also bolster glymphatic function. In April, a study involving 37 adults highlighted that only participants who completed a 12-week stationary cycling program experienced noticeable increases in glymphatic drainage, as observed through brain imaging.
“Research in mice indicates that glymphatic clearance can roughly double after five weeks of regular exercise in comparison to sedentary mice,” says Landowski. “However, short-term studies in mice have yet to be performed.”
Further examination of the glymphatic system may uncover additional methods to enhance its function. Lymphatic vessels connected to CSF are located deep in the neck, making direct manipulation challenging, but researchers led by Ko Young Gu at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology have identified another lymphatic network directly beneath the skin of monkeys and mice’s facial and neck areas.
In experiments, gentle downward stroking of the face and neck in mice tripled CSF flow, effectively rejuvenating older animals’ flow to a more youthful state.
Similar vessels have been detected in human cadavers, suggesting that facial and neck massages could potentially enhance CSF flow, aiding in glymphatic clearance. Nonetheless, more research is needed to substantiate these claims and verify whether this enhanced flow can shield against neurodegenerative disorders.
Promising Evidence Supporting Yoga and Breathing Techniques
One exercise that should not be overlooked is yoga breathing. Hamid Jalillian from the University of California, Irvine, notes that diaphragmatic breathing has robust evidence supporting its ability to increase CSF velocity, effectively activating a glymphatic “rinse cycle.”
Diaphragmatic breathing is characterized by keeping the chest relatively still while moving the abdomen outward and lowering the diaphragm as you inhale through your nose. Conclude the cycle by exhaling through pursed lips while retracting your belly.
Unexplored Potential
Despite the enthusiasm surrounding the glymphatic system, our comprehension of its intricate workings is still developing. Not everyone is convinced we possess enough knowledge to prescribe specific interventions at this time. “We are far from being able to accurately predict how a specific intervention, like exercise, will influence the glymphatic system. There are limited studies in both mice and small human populations, but nothing large-scale and conclusive,” cautions Narayanan.
Nevertheless, there is a sense of optimism. “The potential is immense, but these studies require meticulous and thorough execution,” he concludes.
For now, I’ll concentrate on essential routines—prioritizing quality sleep and regular exercise. These habits are crucial for overall health, but should glymphatic research hold true, they may soon play an even more critical role in keeping my brain clear, not just in the new year, but for years to come.
This weekend, the yearly Geminid meteor shower is set to reach its peak, providing stargazers with an opportunity to witness what is often regarded as the most impressive and reliable shooting star event of the year.
Although the meteor shower has been active for over a week, it is anticipated to hit its peak activity on Saturday and Sunday nights. As reported by NASA.
Shooting stars can be observed in both the northern and southern hemispheres. However, the Geminid meteor shower tends to be brighter and more frequent in the northern hemisphere due to its trajectory in the night sky.
Under perfect conditions with clear skies and little light interference, skywatchers may be able to see as many as 120 Geminid meteors per hour, according to NASA.
The Geminid meteor shower is famed for its vibrant, colorful fireballs that blaze across the night sky.
For optimal viewing, venture outside between midnight and early morning local time, and gaze towards the eastern sky in the direction of the constellation Gemini.
When the moon rises, it will be just 26% illuminated, which means it won’t disrupt this year’s Geminid meteor shower experience.
Meteor showers occur when Earth travels through clouds of small rocks, dust, and debris, which ignite upon entering the planet’s atmosphere. While most meteor showers are linked to comet debris, the Geminid meteor shower is derived from debris left by an asteroid known as 3200 Phaethon.
The Geminid meteor shower showcases striking colors ranging from yellow and red to even greenish hues, attributed to the chemical makeup of the asteroid debris.
Picture having a coffee pot that serves two cups. Poor brewing might result in a stronger brew at the bottom than at the top. When pouring from the pot into two cups, the first cup will taste much weaker than the second.
While this scenario is somewhat contrived, there are other situations where a “first is worse” (or “first is better”) approach can lead to inequity.
Consider a football game where everyone has a good idea of the skills of each player. If one team’s captain selects all players first, it creates a significant imbalance in team strength.
This scenario remains unfair even with a simple pick order. For instance, if players can be ranked from 1 to 10 based on skill, if Captain A chooses player 10 first, then Captain B selects player 9, followed by Captain A picking player 8, and so on, the resultant totals are skewed. Captain A’s team ends up with a score of 30 (10 + 8 + 6 + 4 + 2), while Captain B’s team scores only 25 (9 + 7 + 5 + 3 + 1).
So, how can we ensure a fair player selection? The answer lies in a mathematical method from the 19th century. The Tew-Morse series, initially explored by Eugène Plouet in the 1850s and subsequently detailed by Axel Tew and Marston Morse in the early 20th century, advocates for alternating and rotating choices.
In a scenario with selectors A and B, the selection order follows an ABBA pattern. The first pair is in the same order, while the second flips the order. This pattern can be extended, with a repeat that reverses the As and Bs: ABBA BAAB. Further sequences can be created like “ABBA BAAB BAAB ABBA”.
This rotation helps create equity. Using the team selection example again, the totals would be much more balanced: 10 + 7 + 5 + 4 + 1 for one team versus 9 + 8 + 6 + 3 + 2 for the other, leading to totals of 27 and 28.
An iteration of this sequence is also employed in sporting events. For instance, during a tennis tiebreak, one player serves first, followed by each player taking turns to serve two points in an ABBA sequence. This streamlined version of Tew-Morse is often seen as fairer than simple turn-taking. A similar approach is being tested by FIFA and UEFA during soccer penalty shootouts, applying pressure on the second shooter in each pair.
Returning to the coffee pot scenario, the solution is ideal. If you pour half a cup into cup A, then pour two half cups into cup B, and finally add the last half cup back into A, you will achieve equal strength in both cups. Alternatively, you could stir the coffee with a spoon. However, wouldn’t it be more gratifying to tackle such challenges with the aid of mathematics?
katie steckles – A mathematician, lecturer, YouTuber, and author based in Manchester, UK. She also contributes to New Scientist‘s puzzle column “BrainTwister”. Follow her @stex
VPN providers are experiencing significant growth, offering virtual private networks that create encrypted paths for Internet data, effectively masking a user’s location.
Previously, VPNs were of interest mainly to a niche audience. Nowadays, they are increasingly utilized by individuals frustrated with the age verification requirements imposed by the Online Safety Act.
It’s understandable that users overwhelmed by the demand for personal information turn to VPNs, though there are other ways to maintain safety online.
Want to go incognito?
Many users instinctively turn to the “Incognito” or “Private Browsing” mode available in their browsers. However, be cautious of misleading terminology.
“Private browsing isn’t as private as it seems,” warns Jake Moore, a cybersecurity expert at ESET. “It merely prevents your browser from saving your search history, cookies, and autofill information on your device.”
This feature is handy for avoiding traces on shared computers (e.g., when purchasing gifts online) but does little to conceal your identity from external parties.
“Your identity remains visible to websites, ISPs, and advertisers,” Moore emphasizes. “They can still see your IP address and track you if desired.”
read more:
Steer clear of major players
Search engines are the primary doorway to countless websites, yet many users are uneasy about the extensive data tech companies gather about them for advertising purposes.
“Google collects vast amounts of user data for profiling and targeted advertising, which is their main revenue source,” says Moore.
“This level of data analysis can be very invasive, and many users are unaware of it. [Tech companies] track their online behavior extensively.”
As an alternative, consider privacy-focused search engines like DuckDuckGo. “I always recommend DuckDuckGo,” says Alan Woodward, a Professor of Cybersecurity at the University of Surrey.
Beyond being a search engine, DuckDuckGo also features a web browser as an alternative to Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, or Apple’s Safari, both of which are endorsed by Moore and Woodward.
Email also plays a crucial role in our online lives.
While “Big Tech” isn’t scrutinizing every detail of your holiday emails, it does analyze your data for advertising purposes—something they’ve been doing for years, Moore notes.
This data analysis allows Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo, and others to provide free services.
For many, myself included, the balance between cost and convenience seems acceptable. However, alternatives exist.
ProtonMail, a well-known option available for over ten years, features end-to-end encryption and built-in anonymity.
With 1 GB of free storage and an additional 5 GB from their Proton Drive cloud service, users get ample space, even if it’s less than what Google offers.
Increased social media usage compromises your identity security – Image courtesy of Alamy
Many web users have concerns about online payments, yet they are becoming increasingly unavoidable. PayPal is a reliable option.
“PayPal offers great convenience, and I’ve never encountered issues with them selling my data,” says Woodward.
Moore adds that PayPal can be a safer choice than directly entering your credit card information on websites.
For those apprehensive about credit card details being stolen, many banks provide virtual cards that can be utilized for one-time or occasional use through their apps.
Apple vs. Android
The debate between Apple and Android enthusiasts is as intense as sports rivalries, leading to divided opinions among experts.
Apps in the Apple App Store undergo more rigorous vetting, making them a potentially safer choice.
Nonetheless, “Both Apple and Android are vying to gather information on their users,” Moore points out. “Both seek user data, which translates to power.”
Avoid social media
The same applies to social media. Although it has become integral to modern life, there’s no perfect middle ground between engaging in online discussions and protecting your identity or controlling how platforms manage your data.
“For data-heavy social media, the best privacy strategy is simply to avoid it altogether,” Moore advises. “Keep in mind: If the service is free, you’re probably the product.”
“Individuals who feel a lack of belonging are significantly more prone to experience impostor syndrome.”
FatCamera/Getty Images
As September draws near, a new academic year begins. Many students, including one of my readers, are transitioning from the comfort of their family homes to university life. She is the first in her family to pursue higher education and is anxious about fitting in.
In recent decades, psychologists have identified various reasons why individuals may feel disconnected. Attribution can impact their happiness. Thankfully, research presents multiple strategies to help mitigate these feelings—methods that could be helpful for those battling impostor syndrome, where one feels unworthy of their achievements.
First, it’s essential to recognize that emotions can be quite variable. Studies suggest that those lacking a sense of belonging often grapple with impostor syndrome. One moment you may feel like you’ve found your place; the next, you may question your abilities after receiving negative feedback.
Stanford University’s Gregory Walton has explored various strategies aimed at bolstering students’ sense of belonging. One intervention involves sharing narratives from past students, highlighting their anxieties and how they managed to overcomes them. Participants are then asked to articulate their own concerns and the steps they take to foster a sense of home. Positive outcomes can be observed both in the short and long term, boosting grades and overall well-being over time.
As Walton discusses in his book Normal Magic, we can all apply these insights. A valuable first step is identifying experiences that challenge our sense of belonging. Then, it’s important to articulate those feelings to others without self-judgment, followed by considering alternative perspectives.
For example, if you feel socially ignored, you might speculate that it stems from elitism about your background. However, it’s equally plausible that the individual who snubbed you is merely having a poor day, or could even be possessing a difficult personality. Ultimately, their behavior is not reflective of everyone’s opinion around you.
As you build your confidence, you can enhance your involvement with the community in question.
David Robson is a celebrated science writer and author of Laws of Connection: 13 Social Strategies that Change Your Life
Alongside exploring the psychology of attribution, Gregory Walton’s famed work, Normal Magic: The Science of How to Achieve Great Change in Small Acts, offers actionable strategies to overcome mental hindrances in both our personal and professional spheres.
For more projects, please visit newscientist.com/maker
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On Tuesday, Apple unveiled the iPhone 17 series, showcasing familiar enhancements such as a sleeker design, an upgraded display, and a camera boasting a 4x optical zoom. If you’re fed up with your old phone or simply looking for an upgrade, the new model might be precisely what you need to kickstart a photography journey, reconnect with old friends, or even assist in emergencies.
Don’t feel compelled to upgrade. The standout feature of the iPhone 17, iOS 26, is already available for older devices at no cost. Simple software updates, minor adjustments, and affordable accessories can refresh your old iPhone. This is the way forward.
Explore New Camera Lenses
iPhone 15 Pro equipped with Moment Macro Lens.
While the iPhone 17 series may have enhanced cameras, the capabilities of existing iPhone cameras can be amplified with external lenses. I recommend checking out the Moment T Series Lens. They offer various options, including 1.33x Anamorphic for cinematic videos, 75mm macro for superior macro quality, and 58mm telephoto lens which doubles your current camera’s zoom.
Pairing these lenses with the Moment app provides enhanced control over focus, exposure, and more. If you aim to diversify your current iPhone camera’s capabilities, these Moment lenses are an excellent choice. Along with compatible cases and the necessary $5 drop-in lens mount, you can upgrade your photography gear for far less than the $1,099 price tag of the iPhone 17 Pro.
Invest in a New Case
iPhone 16 Pro.
New cases can entirely rejuvenate your old iPhone. Not only does it alter its appearance, but it can also introduce new functionalities.
For instance, consider the Torus Case for a handy magnetic kickstand while on the go. It proves especially useful for watching movies in cramped airplane seats without the hassle of holding your phone. If you’re a chronic texter, a Blackberry-style Click Keyboard Case might suit you well. For a sleeker option, I recommend the Leather Case or the Sports Case. If protection isn’t your priority and you prefer to make a statement, consider a skin from Cape India or dbrand, which offers stunning options including psychedelic and political designs.
A New Screen Protector Wouldn’t Hurt
Screen protectors gradually degrade, and you might not notice when they begin to lose their shine or accumulate scratches over time. If a thorough cleaning with rubbing alcohol and a paper towel doesn’t restore their clarity, it’s probably time for a replacement. I suggest the Nomad Screen Protector for its high quality and ease of installation.
The included installation kit makes it easy to set up without creating air bubbles—a common issue with many other brands. After four months of use, I can confidently say it has held up well, providing a smooth experience without added resistance between the screen and fingers.
Install iOS 26
iPhone 15 Pro running iOS 26.
iOS 26 represents Apple’s most significant software update yet; iPhones from the 2019 iPhone 11 onward can download and operate it for free starting September 15th. It’s highly recommended. The refreshed “Liquid Glass” aesthetic will rejuvenate your device and extend to Apple apps like messaging and camera.
I tested the iOS 26 preview on my “old” iPhone 15 Pro a few weeks back and found it commendable. Apple revamped the Photos app to utilize the full screen for media display. The new camera app layout is user-friendly, and web browsing in Safari has become more effortless.
Conduct a Quick Tune-up
If your current iPhone seems sluggish, a few quick checks and adjustments can address many problems.
Activate Adaptive Power Mode for iOS 26. This feature is helpful if your battery drains unexpectedly fast. The system will automatically calibrate performance when your iPhone experiences unusual usage and prolonged activities, including dimming the screen. Go to [Settings] > [Battery] > [Power Mode] > turn on Adaptive Power Mode.
Customize Your Home Screen. You may be bored with your old home screen layout. Give it a refresh by incorporating widget stacks, organizing apps into folders, changing the wallpaper, and refining your notification center to transform your experience.
Clean the USB-C Port. Charging ports often gather dust and debris over time, which can lead to loose connections or overheating. To clean it, Apple suggests using a soft, dry, lint-free cloth. For stubborn dirt, a toothpick can be useful, but avoid anything too sharp that might damage the port.
Your Old iPhone is Perfectly Fine
Many new iPhone owners, particularly those with the iPhone 16 series, have not seen substantial improvements compared to the iPhone 17. Following the tips above can give your current device a fresh appearance, saving you significant money in the process.
For additional insights into worthwhile products:
Prakhar Khanna is a freelance consumer technology journalist featured in Forbes, CNET, Gizmodo, and other leading outlets. He covers technology’s intersection with everyday life and was part of the judging panel for the prestigious CES 2025 Innovation Award. When he isn’t reading or writing, he is always seeking additional opportunities for napping throughout the day.
My dog, Pepper, is a carefree senior who cherishes bedtime. While his treat might be a motivating factor, he genuinely enjoys the time when we all settle down for the night. He loves short walks, where he takes his time to sniff around.
He also gets excited to see the horses in the nearby fields (which sometimes earns him an extra treat, especially since he used to be scared of them). Many dogs may have their preferences, but these are definitely Pepper’s favorites.
When considering ways to enhance your dog’s life, think about what is commonly important for dogs in general, but also tailor it to your individual pet’s likes.
This finding comes from a study published in Applied Animal Behavior Science, where dogs participated in a two-week class involving either scent work or heel training, followed by judgment bias tests before and after the sessions.
The tests measured how quickly dogs approached an ambiguous bowl placed between locations where food is regularly found versus places where it is never present (the idea being that optimistic dogs expect to find food and reach the bowl faster).
During off-leash walks, allow your dog to utilize his nose. Even on-leash walks, let them explore and sniff around.
Consider scattering treats in safe grassy areas, encouraging your dog to find them using his nose. You can also invest in or create a snuffle mat (a thick rug designed to hide treats); use it around your home when your dog isn’t looking. Alternatively, enroll in a scent class, which can be particularly beneficial for reactive dogs that may respond to certain stimuli with behaviors often mistaken for aggression.
2. Use a variety of snacks
Enhance the rewards used during training. While food is a powerful reinforcement, avoid relying solely on kibble. Experiment with a variety of treats and human snacks like chicken, roast beef, and cheese.
Studies have indicated that dogs are quicker to approach bowls known to contain sausage rather than those with kibble. So, keep in mind that the type of reward matters to them.
Some dogs may prefer a single type of treat, resembling their typical variety over time. Engaging in quick play sessions can also serve as a substantial reward for certain dogs.
If you haven’t adopted a reward-based training approach, it’s time to make a switch. Tools like leashes, prong collars, and shock collars are associated with risks to dog welfare.
3. Make your playtime social
If your dog enjoys the company of other dogs, seek out opportunities for social play. Play is crucial for dogs—especially young ones. Ideally, puppies should participate in closely supervised play sessions in puppy classes to learn about gentle biting and other physical skills.
Play also fulfills an essential social function. While watching your dog play, notice signs like bouncing steps, playful facial expressions, and play bows (where the front legs are on the ground and the back legs are lifted).
Photo credit: Getty
Watch for changes in play activity, such as dogs chasing each other. Older dogs may play less and often prefer to hang out with other dogs instead of engaging in roughhousing or chasing.
If your dog isn’t fond of unfamiliar dogs, stick to interactions with dogs they already enjoy. Conversely, if they don’t particularly like other dogs, spend more time playing with them yourself—it’s also an excellent way to satisfy their playtime needs.
4. Give your dog a safe space
When your dog needs to unwind, provide them with a safe space. This could be a dog bed in a quiet area or a crate with the door left open. Such spaces are vital, particularly in homes with children, or for dogs that may be shy or fearful.
Ensure everyone in the household respects these boundaries. Allow dogs to enter and exit their safe space as they wish and refrain from bothering them. If you need to encourage them out of their safe area, call them rather than forcing them.
5. Get a decent dog bed
Dogs spend a lot of time sleeping, so investing in a quality dog bed is worthwhile. They may not need to mimic your sofa or bed, so disregard assumptions about not letting them on furniture.
Older dogs sleep more than younger adults and might suffer from issues like arthritis, so consider beds that are lower to the ground (for easy access) or provide steps or ramps for reaching furniture.
6. Discover your dog’s preferences
A great tip is to engage in activities that both you and your dog enjoy. Does your dog prefer fetching, pulling, or chasing games? They might also enjoy playing with flirt poles (toys designed for interactive play, akin to cat wands but for dogs) due to their predatory instincts.
Does your dog favor hiking through woods, or visiting parks with splash ponds? Perhaps they just want to cuddle on the couch while watching TV.
Preferences vary by individual dog, so don’t make assumptions. Pay attention to what excites them. Participating in shared activities and spending quality time together can strengthen the bond between humans and their dogs.
this summer, technology secretary Peter Kyle revealed that he is contemplating a two-hour “screen time” limit for children’s use of social media apps. This approach is not just insufficient; it has become outdated.
While the timing of this announcement is appropriate, coinciding with the onset of summer holidays and the imperative for parents to oversee their children’s safety in digital spaces, it is rooted in older screen time recommendations. While it’s vital to think about limiting screen time, the suggested cap only addresses usage duration without considering quality. Thankfully, as someone who teaches digital literacy and is also a parent, I recognize there are ways to cultivate healthier habits for our children this summer, even if the government hasn’t fully adapted yet.
Screen time limits have dominated the discourse on digital engagement for parents, educators, and society over the past decade. This guidance emerged after research indicated that increased screen time correlates with a higher risk of obesity among children and adolescents. While this was beneficial advice for promoting physical health, it failed to robustly address how the nature and quality of online content impact mental health.
For instance, adhering to this guidance allows one child to enjoy CBeebies alongside their family, stimulating conversation, while another child is isolated with headphones, consuming algorithm-driven YouTube Shorts. The existing “Screen Time” guidance treats both scenarios equivalently. However, they are qualitatively distinct. In the first case, one child experiences interactive and communal viewing with a parent, fostering discussion and connection, while the other child’s viewing experience remains isolated and fragmented. They consume short-form content with limited narratives and character development, often lacking regulatory oversight.
YouTube has become a primary platform for our children’s screen time and is now the leading choice for Generation Alpha’s first television experience. Remarkably, 88% of UK children aged 3 to 17 are using the platform. Yet, YouTube is often overlooked in discussions about social media restrictions, including in Kyle’s statement.
Attempts have been made to differentiate between types of screen time, such as “passive” versus “active” engagement. The Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health aims for policies that emphasize habits and behavior, categorizing “active screen time” as involving cognitive or physical engagement—like gaming or homework activities—while passive screen time entails low levels of interaction and intellectual involvement.Similarly, the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry recommends engaging with children about what they watch, fostering opportunities for social, educational, and creative screen time. Unfortunately, these insights have not been fully embraced in public or political dialogues.
While encouraging intentional choices regarding children’s screen content, I do not imply that individual responsibility is the sole solution. We are experiencing a digital public health crisis, as highlighted by General Vivek Murthy, the U.S. Surgeon General, who noted that social media can heighten the risks of anxiety and depression in youth. There is an urgent need for comprehensive policies that tackle the technological and economic frameworks underpinning these platforms. This is where Kyle should focus his efforts.
Meanwhile, the proposals from Kyle should not rely on outdated public guidance. They must be rooted in a nuanced understanding of varied screen use, addressing both physical and mental health concerns while tackling systemic issues in digital platform design. Crucially, they must consider not just the quantity, but also the quality of children’s digital engagement.
Until such changes are made, the onus of responsibility falls on individuals—particularly parents—to ensure their children are learning, engaging, proactive, and safe during screen time. I know this may feel overwhelming. To help, here are some strategies to implement with my kids this summer.
For younger children, limited screen time is generally preferable. If screens are used, I recommend watching live TV on platforms like CBeebies or CBBC, emphasizing quality engagement.
Prioritize content that encourages active participation over passive consumption. Content that fosters creativity and dialogue supports cognitive engagement and enhances communication skills, often leading to meaningful discussions.
Begin instilling critical thinking about digital content early. Use tools like SightEngine to analyze images, helping to distinguish between real and potentially misleading content. This sparks conversation about online misinformation.
Engage older children in discussions about a healthy digital diet. Together, commit to actively seeking out positive content for 30 minutes each week, deliberately avoiding uninteresting or negatively skewed material. Teach them that even negative engagement, such as liking or commenting on unfavorable content, contributes to its visibility.
As a family, regularly declutter your digital spaces by removing content that no longer inspires or educates. This includes unfollowing unwanted accounts, personalities, and brands to refine your feed to what truly resonates with you.
Consider exploring alternative search engines as a family to minimize targeted ads. DuckDuckGo and Firefox Focus do not track users for advertising purposes, and Startpage allows users to utilize Google while maintaining privacy.
While the government may not effectively regulate digital technology, parents still hold the power to guide intentional screen use. By doing so, we can instill concepts of healthy and critical screen engagement from a young age.
Dr. Kaitlyn Regehr is the Programme Director for Digital Humanities at University College London, where she lectures on digital literacy and the ethical implications of social media and AI. She is also the author of Smartphone Nation: Exploring our obsession with screens and actionable solutions.
With three meteor showers occurring simultaneously this month, skywatchers have ample opportunities to spend their summer nights searching for shooting stars.
The annual Alpha Capriconids, South Delta Aquarids, and Perseid Meteor Showers are currently in action, each expected to last until mid-August.
Here’s what you need to know about these meteor showers and tips for spotting shooting stars.
Alpha Capriconid
The Alpha Capriconids and South Delta Aquarids will be visible overnight from July 29th to 30th, while the Perseids, often regarded as the most consistent shooting star display, will peak next month.
Skywatchers can expect favorable conditions for observing meteor showers this July, as noted by the American Meteor Society.
Typically, the Alpha Capricornids Meteor Shower doesn’t deliver a powerful show but can yield several bright fireballs while active, generating approximately 5 shooting stars per hour. Observations under dark skies enhance the experience, according to the American Meteor Society.
This shower derives its name from the constellation Capricornus, from which the meteors appear to radiate. This year’s peak features a moon phase of only 27%, giving both hemispheres an opportunity to observe the display.
The Alpha Capriconid meteor shower occurs when Earth traverses dust and debris from the comet 169p/Neat, which orbits the Sun approximately every 4.2 years. Fragments entering the atmosphere create bright streaks of light as they vaporize.
South Delta Aquarid
The Southern Delta Aquarids, as suggested by its name, is most clearly observed from the Southern Hemisphere. Under ideal conditions, this meteor shower can produce about 25 meteors per hour, though many tend to be faint.
According to NASA, the South Delta Aquarid shower is challenging to spot, but early morning hours provide the best chance for viewing.
This meteor shower is linked to Comet 96p/Machorz, which completes an orbit around the Sun approximately every two years.
Perseid
Lastly, the Perseid meteor shower is currently active and expected to peak overnight from August 12th to 13th. This event is highly anticipated as Perseids typically occur during the warm summer months in the Northern Hemisphere, often generating a high rate of shooting stars. Under optimal conditions, this shower can yield up to 100 meteors per hour.
However, this year, the moon will be approximately 84% illuminated, which may diminish visibility for meteors. “This will significantly impact the shower’s activity during its peak,” states the American Meteor Society.
“These conditions could reduce visible activity by at least 75%, leaving only the brighter meteors visible,” the society mentioned in its forecast.
The Perseid shower occurs as Earth passes through debris and dust left by the comet 109p/Swift-Tuttle.
oThe exciting Mario Kart World and next week’s Utside of Donkey Kong Bananza may not have a plethora of new Nintendo titles for early Switch 2 adopters. Fortunately, Nintendo is stepping up to refine its extensive library of existing Switch games by offering free updates to enhance graphics and more substantial paid revisions. However, navigating these options can be somewhat perplexing.
What is the difference when playing Switch games on Switch 2?
Depending on their coding, some original Switch games will perform better on Switch 2 without any developer intervention. Games that lack frame rate caps—often imposed by developers—will especially gain from this, leading to smoother performance. For instance, the 2023 Brilliant Bayonetta 3 shines at 60fps on Switch 2 (and the resolution increase is a welcome bonus). Additionally, Super Smash Bros Ultimate, a game I’ve invested over 700 hours into, now enters matches notably quicker. Titles like Animal Crossing: New Horizons and Skyrim benefit from a stable frame rate and greatly reduced load times, including the notorious Hyrule Warriors: Age of Calamity.
The remastered Witcher 3 on Switch transforms the prior blurred visuals into something much crisper and smoother, thanks to dynamic resolution scaling and unlimited frame rates. Xenoblade Chronicles 2, Arkham Knight, and Wolfenstein 2 also showcase significant improvements in resolution and performance.
Which games have received free Switch 2 upgrades so far?
Switch 2 owners can now enjoy high dynamic range (HDR) support and higher resolutions (up to 4K). Many beloved Nintendo Switch games have received free updates taking advantage of the new hardware.
Initially, minor updates were provided for less prominent titles. To improve multiplayer experiences, two of Nintendo’s party game collections, Clubhouse Games and Big Brain Academy, have been updated free of charge, introducing useful Gameshare features that allow multiplayer play with others who do not own the game. Additionally, niche titles like Game Builder Garage and Egg Plaza now support Joy-Con mouse functionality. More significant free updates await you on Switch 2.
Pokemon Scarlet/Violet
Paldare feels more vibrant on Switch 2… Pokemon Scarlet. Photo: Nintendo
Previously, one of the most poorly performing games on the Switch, the 2022 Pokemon Scarlet/Violet, struggled with frustrating frame rates and low-quality textures that detracted from gameplay. Fortunately, developer Game Freak has worked to enhance things on Switch 2. These games now boast dramatically improved frame rates and more fluid animations, making interactions with Pokémon smoother than ever, especially in handheld mode. Exploring the expansive region on Switch 2 makes it feel even more alive. While there is no HDR support and some original texture issues persist, the visual and performance enhancements create a much more enjoyable experience.
Super Mario Odyssey Nintendo wisely opted to elevate the finest 3D Mario title ever, enhancing the game’s resolution to 1800p in docked mode and fully implementing HDR. The artistic direction of Odyssey has always been outstanding. Now, the colorful landscapes sparkle even brighter, from the glowing red dunes of the Sand Kingdom to the sharper rings of ros. The frame rate also remains consistently high, making every jump and spin feel even more exhilarating. Gameshare support has also been added, allowing a second player to jump in as Cappy on a second Switch.
The Legend of Zelda: Link’s Awakening and Echo of Wisdom
A sophisticated performance… The Legend of Zelda: Echo of Wisdom. Photo: Nintendo
Both charming Zeldas on Switch were known for their unique appeal, but their performance was lacking. With frame rate dips reminiscent of outdated hardware, these often captivating experiences fell short of potential. The good news is that Nintendo has dramatically enhanced both titles for Switch 2, rendering them in crisp 4K with full HDR support. Yes, both now run at 60fps. These Grezzo-developed games now radiate from the screen like never before. If, like me, you shelved an echo of wisdom last year due to its performance issues, now is the time to dive back into both this and Link’s Awakening.
New Super Mario Bros U While last year’s Super Mario Wonder might have garnered the spotlight, Nintendo decided to give Wii U’s 2D Mario some love on Switch 2. With enhanced resolution, improved frame rates, and of course, HDR, this beloved Mario platformer has never looked better.
ARMS
More accurate controls… ARMS. Photo: Nintendo
Remember your ARMS experience? A motion-controlled fighting game that launched soon after the original Switch? Surprisingly, Nintendo has chosen to give this gem some love eight years post-release. The game’s motion controls now feature improved accuracy, allowing you to land hits more precisely. Local multiplayer for four players now operates smoothly. While its distinct controls might not be for everyone, its artful character designs and vibrant world have been revitalized.
Super Mario 3D World + Bowser’s Fury Another Wii U classic with a new lease on life. The multiplayer experience of Mario’s 3D World has been refreshed with frame rate improvements and upgraded resolution, while Bowser’s Fury also enjoys enhanced graphics and full HDR support, ideal for 4K displays.
Captain Toad: Treasure Tracker This charming, leisurely-paced puzzle adventure has seamlessly transitioned to the Switch 2, benefiting from HDR support and improved resolutions in both docked and handheld modes. Additionally, the game now includes Gameshare support for cooperative play.
Splatoon 3
Designer’s Splatting… Splatoon 3 Photo: Nintendo
Originally born on the Wii U, Splatoon has evolved significantly. While always vibrant, the graphical issues plagued by low resolution have been corrected. Now rendered in stunning 4K on Switch 2, Splatoon 3’s colorful world shines with intricate details. Whether you’re defeating bosses in the engaging single-player campaign or battling it out in online turf wars, Splatoon 3 on Switch 2 feels refreshed—like an entirely new experience. If you missed it previously, there’s never been a better time to get on board.
What upgrades are available for the paid Nintendo Switch 2 edition?
In contrast to the free upgrades mentioned earlier, the Switch 2 edition is typically an older game repackaged with additional content. Upgrading your existing games to the Switch 2 edition costs between £7.99 to £16.99. New players can purchase the Switch 2 edition outright for £60-70. Notably, subscribers to Nintendo’s online service will receive some of these upgrades at no additional cost.
The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild and Tears of the Kingdom
A groundbreaking experience… The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom. Photo: Nintendo
Regarding iconic launch titles, few can compete with Breath of the Wild. Instead of simply remaking it, Nintendo has opted to enhance both it and its sequel. These top-tier open-world games have been revitalized, with Hyrule’s painterly landscapes appearing richer than ever. Areas that previously caused performance issues on Switch, like the Kokoro Forest, now reveal intricate details in high-resolution textures, alongside HDR support. The updates also make exploration rewarding with new assists, such as a Zelda Notes app for keeping track of secrets. Both editions are available for free to Nintendo Switch Online subscribers or can be upgraded from the original for £7.99 each.
No Man’s Sky This acclaimed space exploration simulator from Hello Games has undergone a massive transformation over its nine-year history. Its 2022 port to the original Switch was functional but lacked excitement. However, on Switch 2, players can experience it as if it were an entirely new game. Running at up to 1440p with HDR, each vibrant planet bursts forth with vivid colors, immersing players in its rich sci-fi atmosphere. The best part? Hello Games offers an upgrade for this Switch 2 edition at no extra cost.
Fortnite
A much-needed upgrade… Fortnite 2 for Nintendo Switch 2. Photo: Epic Games
The Battle Royale that captured the world often felt restrained on older consoles. However, Epic Games has given it a significant facelift. Now running at a smooth 60fps and improved resolutions, Switch 2’s version of Fortnite features enhanced textures and significantly better draw distances. Notably, it also offers GameChat support and mouse controls for players seeking a competitive edge over those using analog sticks.
Super Mario Party Jamboree TV – July 24 This notable Switch 2 edition features a variety of new party experiences alongside expected graphical enhancements. A key addition is the PlayStation Eyetoy-inspired Bowser Live Mode, prompting players to complete mini-games using the Switch 2’s camera. Plus, Jamboree TV introduces a fresh microphone and camera-based setup for a completely new experience, alongside a mouse-controlled carnival coaster mode. Owners of the 2024 Super Mario Party Jamboree can access this upgrade for an additional £16.99.
Kirby and the Forgotten Land + The World of Stars Crossing – August 28 This Switch 2 Edition of Kirby and the Forgotten Land expands upon the previous entry, introducing a new, story-driven adventure. It invites our squishy protagonists to leap, swallow, and battle through new challenges while rescuing friends from a newly crystallized world. Both the star-crossed world and the original benefit from enhanced resolutions and improved frame rates. This upgrade to the Switch 2 edition is priced at £16.99.
Exercise caution when seeking AI advice on medical issues
Chong Kee Siong/Getty Images
Wondering whether to consult a doctor about your sore throat? The quality of AI recommendations can vary based on how you frame your questions. In experiments with AI models, users who made typos, expressed uncertainty, or were identified as women were more frequently advised to seek medical attention.
“Subtle biases can shape the nature and content of AI recommendations, significantly affecting the distribution of medical resources.” Karandeep Singh, who did not participate in the research at the University of California, San Diego, commented.
Avinisa Gravatina and her team at Massachusetts Institute of Technology have harnessed AI to produce thousands of patient notes in various formats. Some messages included intentional errors and spaces to replicate the writing style of individuals with limited English skills or typing difficulties, while others utilized uncertain language to reflect different emotional tones, including health anxiety or gendered expressions.
The researchers presented these notes to four widely-used large language models (LLMs) that power many chatbot applications, asking them if patients should manage their conditions independently, visit clinics, or undergo certain tests. The models included OpenAI’s GPT-4, Meta’s Llama-3-70b, Llama-3-8b, and the Palmyra-Med model created specifically for healthcare by AI specialists.
Results indicated that variations in format and style influenced the recommendations, with 7-9% of the AI models suggesting that patients remain at home rather than seek medical appointments. Additionally, female patients were more likely to receive recommendations to stay home. A study highlighted that treatment suggestions were more susceptible to changes based on the gender and language style of the queries than those offered by human clinicians.
OpenAI and Meta did not respond to inquiries for comments. According to Zayed Yasin, a writer involved in the research, these LLMs are not intended for health advice or clinical recommendations without human oversight.
Most operational AI technologies in electronic health records currently depend on OpenAI’s GPT-4 O, which wasn’t directly studied here. Singh emphasized the necessity for enhanced methods to assess and monitor generative AI models within the healthcare sector.
Initially created to manage diabetes, the emergence of drugs like Ozempic has sparked a weight loss phenomenon.
As these medications gain popularity for individuals with high body mass index, a new cosmetic issue has emerged: “Ozempic Face.”
This term refers to the sagging and indentations in the face that some individuals encounter after significant weight loss. Whether through medication, diet, or lifestyle modifications, losing weight reduces fat in all body areas, including the face.
Facial fat is essential for providing structure, volume, and youthful contours. Its absence can lead to a sunken appearance, making the face seem older as skin may droop and wrinkles become more prominent.
This concern isn’t exclusive to weight loss medications; it also occurs with any form of rapid weight reduction. However, drugs like Ozempic tend to facilitate quicker weight loss, giving your body less time to adjust.
Avoiding this issue can be challenging, as the body doesn’t fully control fat loss locations, but there are methods to mitigate more drastic effects.
Gradually lose weight: Slow weight loss allows for a better adaptation period for skin changes, lessening the risk of noticeable sagging.
Maintain hydration: Staying hydrated enhances skin elasticity and helps maintain its shape as fat diminishes.
Nourish the skin: A solid skincare regimen, including moisturizers, may assist.
“Ozempic Face” refers to the sagging and hollowness that some experience after substantial weight loss.
Some online sources suggest that options like fillers, Botox, and other cosmetic treatments may help restore volume and lift in the face; however, these also carry risks and aren’t always effective.
Ultimately, weight loss aspirations—regardless of whether they’re achieved through medication or other methods—should prioritize health over mere aesthetics.
If you’re concerned about changes to your facial appearance, consult your doctor or dermatologist to discuss a balanced weight loss approach.
This article addresses your inquiry (you’ll receive an email from Asad Iravani) about the possibility of developing “Ozempic Face.”
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A restless mind is a prevalent obstacle to achieving sleep
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It might be due to age and warmer temperatures, but sleep is becoming increasingly elusive in my household. Between my husband’s insomnia, my child’s energy, and my own racing thoughts, our nights are filled with as much activity as our days. My social media feed has begun presenting videos featuring a technique known as “cognitive shuffle” for inducing sleep, prompting me to explore whether it actually works or if there are other mental tricks that could prove beneficial.
One major hindrance to restful sleep is a restless mind, the very challenge that cognitive shuffle aims to alleviate. Luc Beaudoin from Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, Canada, has devised methods to help you divert your attention from spiraling thoughts and worries before drifting off.
How to Practice Cognitive Shuffling
The concept is straightforward. Pick a random word, such as “plonk,” and think of all the words you can generate from each letter. Examples include Primsol, Puma, Awards…lion, lemon, levitation, and more. As each word surfaces, spend some time visualizing it. This process creates a transitional phase between wakefulness and slumber, mirroring the spontaneous imagery seen in a “hypnotic state.”
Individuals who are good sleepers often report experiencing vivid images just before sleep, while poor sleepers tend to find themselves planning and problem-solving, as noted by Sophie Bostock, a doctor and sleep consultant. “It’s not that we need to empty our minds (which can actually be counterproductive), but rather we should steer our thoughts away from overly logical thinking,” she explains.
Cognitive shuffling seems to foster more fluid thinking. In a small study involving 154 students, those who reported struggling with “pre-sleep wakefulness” benefited from this technique, which shortened their time to sleep.
However, there lacks a gold-standard study on cognitive shuffling. Beaudoin himself conceded that there is no direct comparison between various cognitive techniques utilized at bedtime within the scientific literature.
Consequently, I turned to some of the world’s leading sleep scientists to inquire about their recommendations for anyone hoping to calm their minds at night.
Strategies for Insomnia Relief
Kevin Morgan from the Clinical Sleep Research Unit at Loughborough University in the UK directed me towards Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBTI). “CBTI is internationally recognized as the first evidence-based treatment for insomnia disorders,” he asserts.
This therapy focuses on training individuals to manage intrusive thoughts, which can otherwise lead to cognitive arousal (mental alertness), elevate hormones like adrenaline, and disrupt the normal sleep process. CBTI also tackles other facets of insomnia by assisting individuals in overcoming anxieties about sleeplessness and teaches meditation techniques.
While effective, acquiring CBTI techniques typically takes about 6–8 weeks, leading to a high dropout rate.
Morgan mentions that the component of CBTI that appears to yield the greatest benefits is sleep restriction therapy. This counterintuitive method “has proven to be extremely effective” by reinforcing the idea of spending limited time in bed without sleeping.
This echoes the advice I received from Colin S.P., a professor of sleep medicine at Oxford University. He emphasized that “you cannot force sleep. It doesn’t exist in a tangible sense,” he notes. “You can only encourage sleep. It’s an involuntary process that occurs naturally, not something you can will into being. So rather than trying to sleep when you feel ‘slept and tired,’ focus on creating a conducive environment.”
Designing a Sleep Sanctuary
Another straightforward suggestion from several experts is to cultivate a sleep sanctuary in your bedroom. “Sleep-friendly environments are crucial,” advises Joseph Zielzevsky, Senior Vice President of Research and Science Affairs at the National Sleep Foundation. Others concur. “The top recommendation is to create a bedroom that promotes sleep—dark, cool, quiet, and uncluttered,” states Emerson Wickwire, Head of Sleep Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore.
Many experts also highlighted the importance of avoiding screens before bedtime. The blue light emitted can inhibit melatonin production, disrupt circadian rhythms, complicate the process of falling asleep, and prompt unnecessary thoughts. However, Dzierzewski points out that many people engage with emotionally stimulating content, such as news and social media, right before bed. “Regrettably, over half of Americans admit to using screens within an hour of bedtime,” she mentions.
Perhaps the most significant advice I received wasn’t a trick or hint to quiet our racing thoughts at night but rather a prompt to genuinely prioritize sleep. Numerous specialists, including Aparajitha Verma, a sleep medicine neurologist in Houston, Texas, emphasized the necessity of treating sleep as a priority. Morgan reiterates that anyone dealing with insomnia should “seek expert help and engage in recommended treatment strategies as soon as possible.”
Chronic sleep deprivation is linked to increased risks of dementia, type 2 diabetes, obesity, heart disease, and even cancer. This reality alone is enough to keep anyone awake at night. Additionally, thoughts of “organizing” my child’s room linger in my mind. Yet, I am resolved to place it at the top of my to-do list as an immediate concern—hopefully, that will serve as a positive first step towards achieving a restful night for all.
Another incident involved unauthorized access to personal data of thousands of legal aid applicants from England and Wales, dating back to 2010, which followed significant disruptions caused by a cyberattack on Marks & Spencer.
If you see news about a cybersecurity incident affecting a company you’ve interacted with, stay vigilant regarding your email. Companies typically reach out to affected customers with details on what occurred and suggested actions.
Sometimes, only specific customer segments or users from particular regions may be impacted.
In Adidas’ case, it appears that those who contacted customer service recently are primarily affected, which may exclude many others. Occasionally, communication will confirm that you are unaffected.
If your information could be compromised, you’ll usually receive guidance on corrective measures or a link to a FAQs page. In some instances, firms may offer free access to support services from cybersecurity experts or credit monitoring.
In Adidas’ case, it seems to affect customers who contacted the service desk previously. Photo: Odd Andersen/AFP/Getty Images
Change Your Password
If you’ve conducted transactions with an organization that faced a cyber incident, change your password for that account immediately.
Ensure your password is robust and not used across multiple accounts.
Experts recommend creating passwords that are at least 12 characters long, including a mix of numbers, capital and lowercase letters, and symbols. Avoid easily guessed information like pet names, birthdays, or favorite teams.
“A great strategy to enhance password security is to combine three random words into one.” says the National Cybersecurity Centre in the UK. For example, consider something like Hippo! PizzaRocket1.
“Consider using a password manager to generate and securely store unique, strong passwords,” advises online security firm Nordvpn.
Utilize Two-Step Authentication
Two-step verification adds an extra security layer to your email and other key online accounts.
This generally involves receiving a code via the Authenticator app or sent to your registered mobile number to grant access.
Enable two-step verification on all services that provide this feature.
The second factor may include codes sent via SMS. Photo: Prostock-Studio/Alamy
Beware of Unsolicited Emails
Phishing emails often cite recent cyber events to lure unsuspecting targets who may be customers of the affected company.
Scammers might leverage personal information they’ve acquired to appear credible.
Avoid clicking on any link or attachment in emails, text messages, or social media posts unless you’re entirely certain of their legitimacy. These links can lead to phishing sites or include malware designed to steal your identity.
M&S advises potentially impacted customers that they “may receive emails, calls, or texts that appear to be from us.” “We will never reach out for your personal account details, such as your username or password.”
If an email claims to be from a business you interact with and you’re uncertain of its authenticity, ignore it or verify it through official contact channels.
Be cautious about links or attachments in emails unless you are completely sure they are legitimate. Photo: Tero Vesalainen/Alamy
Monitor Your Credit Record
If your personal data has been compromised, keep an eye on your credit report, which details your financial history and is used by lenders to judge your creditworthiness, in case someone attempts to open accounts in your name.
For instance, if a financial entity endures a cyber breach, the accessed data could include sensitive information such as your name, address, national insurance number, date of birth, bank account details, salary, and potentially your passport.
This information can be misused for identity fraud.
In the UK, the main credit reference agencies are Equifax, Experian, and Transunion, all providing various options to check your credit report for free or via subscription.
Experian provides an ID monitoring service, which checks your personal, financial, and credit information for suspicious activity. It’s a paid service, but if your data becomes compromised, they may cover the costs.
Be cautious if you suddenly find your applications for credit cards or loans being denied, or if you cease receiving bank statements for no clear reason despite a healthy credit score, as it may indicate identity theft.
More significantly, you may start receiving letters regarding debts that are not yours, or seeing transactions on your bank statements for items you didn’t purchase.
Many instances of financial fraud begin on social media and tech platforms, so remain vigilant, as scammers may possess details about you that can lend credibility to their deception.
The so-called “High Mama” scams have risen in recent years, where scammers impersonate relatives on platforms like WhatsApp, often pleading for urgent money transfers upon claiming to be locked out of their online banking.
Even with a sense of urgency, take the necessary time to verify the identity of anyone requesting funds.
Opt Out of Registration
When shopping online, retailers frequently prompt you to save payment card details for quicker checkout, but this may store your information with third-party services rather than just the retailer.
If you can avoid storing payment details across multiple sites, you reduce the risk of unauthorized access to your card information.
lAptops are essential tools, housing countless important documents, images, and cherished memories. Losing them is about more than just work interruptions. Here’s what to do if the unfortunate occurs:
What should I do if my laptop is lost or stolen?
Try to locate it using Microsoft or Apple’s Find My services. Lock it remotely and mark it as lost to safeguard your data.
Remove it as a trusted device from services like your Apple or Microsoft account, cloud services, online shops, or other browser apps.
Change the password for your primary accounts, such as your Apple or Microsoft account, starting with email accounts that a thief might access through password resets.
In the UK, call 101 to report the theft to the police, providing details like the laptop’s make, model, color, and serial number.
Reach out to your insurance provider. If you have coverage, your laptop might be included in some home contents policies.
Inform your bank about credit cards that might have stored information on your laptop.
Contact the laptop’s manufacturer to report the theft and request to blacklist the serial number.
What should you do immediately after getting a new laptop?
Once you acquire a replacement laptop (whether new or used), there are several precautions you can take to ensure its safety.
Establish strong passwords or long pins that are difficult to guess. Enable and utilize face or fingerprint recognition, and ensure your laptop locks the screen after a brief period or when the display turns off.
If not already activated, enable device encryption in the Privacy and Security Settings.
Set up two-step verification for your Microsoft or Apple account, along with any other accounts you use.
Regularly back up your data. On Windows, you can use Windows Backup to save files and settings, or utilize Microsoft’s OneDrive Cloud Service (5GB free). For Macs, use Time Machine to back up to an external drive, and sync iCloud with apps and files (5GB free). Alternatively, copy files to an external drive but ensure sensitive documents are encrypted before backup.
Store important documents in the cloud. Microsoft and Apple offer cloud services, but there are numerous alternatives, including Google Drive, Dropbox, and Proton Drive.
Keep your proof of purchase secure, and remember your laptop’s color, model number, and serial number.
Consider insuring your laptop under your home contents policy. You may need to add it to a list of high-risk or high-value items, especially when leaving home. Alternatively, seek dedicated laptop or gadget insurance, which often includes theft protection.
A professor, now regarded as a “digital nutritionist,” suggests that disabling the color on your phone and dedicating 30 minutes a week to pruning your online feeds can enhance consumers’ control over their digital media consumption.
These strategies, termed grayscale and algorithmic tolerance, are part of Dr. Kaitlyn Regehr’s many recommendations. She is an associate professor at the University of London and a prominent authority on digital literacy.
While much of the conversation centers on social media’s negative effects on children, Regehr’s focus is on combating digital illiteracy among parents, empowering them to better understand and use their children’s devices safely and effectively.
In her upcoming book, Smartphone Nation, Regehr advises taking an initial step by performing a digital “walkthrough” of your preferred app alongside friends and family.
“Switching your phone to GreyScale is one of the easiest and quickest methods to grasp how colors and images impact your user experience,” she notes. “This experience allows you to feel the addictive nature of these devices through their visual elements.”
Users can find instructions for this feature in Google Help for Android devices or Apple Support for iPhones.
On the flip side, algorithm resistance focuses on taking charge of the algorithm rather than allowing it to dictate your preferences. Thus, Regehr advocates for being deliberate about what you wish to see in your feed, and filtering out unwanted content for 30 minutes each week.
“When I had concerns about my family’s digital consumption… I struggled to find adequate guidance,” Regehr shares in her book. “I developed a framework to help myself and my family navigate the digital landscape. I came to see myself as a digital nutritionist.”
In a conversation with the Guardian, she expressed her support for school smartphone bans and initiatives promoting a smartphone-free childhood, but highlighted the necessity for more education to encourage families to think critically about their digital choices.
“Even if parents postpone giving their children smartphones until they are 15, they will still turn 16. It’s essential to equip them with the tools to navigate this environment effectively,” she emphasized. “Education on how these devices operate is crucial.”
Her forthcoming book, “Why Are We All Obsessed with the Screen and What You Can Do About It,” aims to bridge this knowledge gap, with new educational resources set to be introduced in schools later this month.
As per the UK’s first national survey, nearly all schools in the country have implemented a ban on mobile phone usage during school hours.
Driven by worries regarding children’s mental health, attention span, and online safety, a survey of over 15,000 schools revealed that 99.8% of primary schools and 90% of secondary schools enforce some form of ban.
“I advocate for my efforts towards a smartphone-free childhood,” stated Regehr, who directs the digital humanities program at UCL and previously explored the rapid amplification of extreme misogynistic content through social media algorithms. “My concern is that enforcing the ban can lead schools and lawmakers to feel complacent, believing they’ve fulfilled their responsibilities.”
Dedicated to two young girls, Regehr’s book aims to prompt a cultural shift. “I aspire to reflect on our generation as being less healthy and more skillfully ensnared, akin to looking back on previous norms like smoking in delivery rooms and not using seatbelts.”
“My aim is to foster cultural change to ensure their lives are better. This represents the largest threat to their health and well-being, and that is the challenge I wish to tackle. I believe change is possible; people simply need access to information.”
Smartphone Nation: Why We’re All Obsessed with Screens and What You Can Do by Dr. Kaitlyn Regehr is set to be published by Bluebird on May 15th.
Headphones are common accessories for many people, but they have also become a prime target for thieves. Whether they’re snatched from your head or taken from your bag, here’s how to handle it.
What to Do If Your Headphones Are Stolen?
Check the headphone management app on your phone. Many have features that show where the headphones were last connected, allowing you to track them down.
Be sure to check Bluetooth models like Apple’s AirPods, Samsung’s Galaxy Buds, and Google’s Pixel Buds. They often have a “find my device” option, in case someone finds them.
Report the theft to the police using the non-emergency number 101, providing details such as make, model, color, and serial number.
Reach out to your insurance company to find out if your headphones are covered under any policy.
What to Do As Soon As You Get a New Pair
Getting replacements or new headphones can alleviate concerns about future theft or loss.
Install a headphone management app on your phone and enable location tracking.
Add your headphones to the “find my” feature on Apple or Google if they’re compatible.
Consider using Bluetooth trackers like Apple’s AirTag, Tile, or Samsung SmartTag with your headphones or their case.
Note down your headphones’ make, model, and serial number, keeping this information safe along with your proof of purchase.
Think about having your headphones engraved with your name; this option is often available at the time of purchase.
Explore where to wear your headphones and utilize noise-cancelling features that might help you notice if a thief tries to take them while you’re using them.
This summer, while traveling to Asia, I have decided to leave my iPhone behind. Instead, I will be taking an alternate phone that doesn’t have essential apps like Instagram, Slack, Signal, and others. It won’t even access my work email.
To clarify, I’m not aiming for a digital detox. My personal device holds sensitive information that I prefer to keep private, particularly from entities like US border officials. Hence, I’ve opted for a burner phone for my travels.
For over ten years, the federal government has had the authority to conduct border searches on travelers’ personal electronic devices, including phones, laptops, and tablets. These searches have been on the rise, yet only a minor percentage of travelers experience them upon entering the US.
Last year, the US Customs and Border Protection Agency reported conducting roughly 43,000 electronic searches, which is an increase from about 38,000 earlier.
I may come off as particularly cautious due to my profession as a journalist, always striving to protect sensitive sources. Thus, the burner phone seems like an extreme but necessary measure for some.
Recently, travelers have faced denial of entry into the US due to data on their phones, including social media content. Posts related to protests have also been scrutinized.
“A significant concern is the government’s ability to select individuals for searches,” explained Esha Bandari, an attorney with the American Civil Liberties Union. “There are instances of more intense searches at the border, affecting not just ordinary travelers but also lawyers protecting client confidentiality and those perceived as dissenters.”
While the rules for entering the US remain unchanged, the enforcement frequency may be increasing. Both leisure and business travelers need to be mindful of the data on their devices.
There’s no universal solution; the best strategy is contingent on your lifestyle and profession. Here’s how to navigate this.
Evaluate Your Risk
Cybersecurity expert Jeremiah Grossman suggests starting by evaluating who you are, your professional role, and how you use your devices.
For instance, if you’re a retired US citizen with holiday pictures or casual texts with friends, your data might not pose a significant concern. However, if you’re a visa student involved in government protests, your phone might contain information that could lead to complications.
“If law enforcement has full access to your phone’s contents, is it detrimental to you?” Grossman questioned.
From there, judge whether the risk is high or low to determine your strategy.
Low Risk: Use a Passcode and Remove Some Apps
If you’re slightly apprehensive about data searches, disable biometrics like fingerprints and facial recognition and rely solely on your passcode for unlocking your device.
For iPhones, go to the Settings app, tap Face ID & PassCode, enter your passcode, and turn off Unlock iPhone.
For Android devices, the steps may vary by model, but generally, you can find the option to turn off face unlock and fingerprints in the Settings menu.
Using only a passcode is a smart strategy for US citizens, as it can make it legally more challenging for officials to compel you to unlock your phone, Bandari noted.
While citizens can refuse to share a passcode, visa holders and tourists could face entry denial if they refuse compliance, so it’s wise to uninstall apps with sensitive information, like Instagram, Signal, and others.
Medium Risk: Backup and Purge Data
If you suspect a moderate likelihood of a government search, consider backing up all your data and cleaning your device before heading back to the US, Grossman advises.
For convenience, back up your data to an online service, like iCloud for iPhones or Google Drive for Android devices. This ensures that you can easily restore your data later by logging in to your account.
To back up your iPhone data to iCloud, go to the Settings app, tap on your name, then iCloud, select iCloud Backup. Enable Back up this iPhone and then tap Back up now. To erase iPhone data, use the Settings app, tap General, select Transfer or Reset iPhone, and tap Erase All Content and Settings, then follow the prompts.
For backing up your Android device to Google, go to the Settings app, tap on Google, and then select Backup. To purge data from Android, the steps will vary based on your phone model, but you can typically find the option for Factory Reset in the Settings.
After erasing the device and crossing the border, you’ll be able to restore the device from your backup during setup by entering your account credentials. (Make sure to note your password securely.)
High Risk: Use a Burner Phone
If you believe there’s a significant chance that US border officials will request to see your phone, the safest route is to leave your personal device at home and travel with a burner phone designated solely for your trip.
Here’s my plan:
I will bring an inexpensive Android smartphone loaded only with travel-related apps, such as navigation and transportation apps.
I’ll log into a separate email account created specifically for the trip to keep my itinerary and other travel information.
Upon arrival, I’ll use eSIM technology to connect to a temporary mobile plan on a local network, which can be set up via apps like Nomad, Airalo, or Gigsky. (I’ve previously written a guide on using eSIM technology.)
After returning home, I’ll transfer all my vacation photos from the burner phone to my iPhone and stash the burner away until my next journey.
An income disparity among friends can create conflict. A survey conducted by US financial services company Bread Financial last year revealed that 26% of respondents felt they were “financially incompatible” with their friends, and 21% said they had ended friendships due to financial reasons.
Talia Roderick emphasizes the importance of addressing the wealth gap between money coaches and friends. She notes, “It’s easy for friendships to suffer because money can be such a contentious issue.”
When dining with friends, it’s crucial to discuss how costs will be divided before receiving the bill. This can be a contentious topic. A survey conducted by a comparison website in the dining industry found that 34% believed bills should be split evenly, including tips, while 36% preferred splitting based on individual expenses.
Vivi Friedgut, the founder and CEO of Black Bullion, a free money management app for students, stresses the importance of having open and honest conversations about cost-sharing, whether for household items or dining out.
…Especially in University Settings
Vivi Friedgut, founder and CEO of Black Bullion, emphasizes the need for open and honest conversations. Photo: Room Agent/Aramie
Tom Allingham, Communications Director for The Money Website Save the Student, highlights the common practice of saying, “I’ll pay this time, and you can get the next one.” However, over time, this can lead to imbalances. Allingham explains, “Eventually, one person ends up owing much more than the other.”
Student finances can further complicate matters. According to recent data, most students face a £504 shortfall each month beyond their maintenance loans, leading to disparities within friend groups when splitting expenses.
Utilize Apps to Simplify Splitting Costs
Use apps to streamline bill-splitting. Photo: City Image/Alamy
There is an array of apps and services available to simplify splitting costs among multiple individuals. It’s recommended to explore these options to find the best fit for your specific needs.
One popular bill-splitting app is Splitwise, which allows users to track shared expenses like rent, holidays, meals, and travel costs.
For UK users, Splid is another useful app that supports over 150 currencies and offline functionality, making it ideal for group travel.
Apps like these can help alleviate the awkwardness of splitting costs and promote fairer divisions, as noted by Roderick.
Allingham suggests that apps like Splitwise are particularly effective for splitting minor expenses among friends, such as coffee outings.
Explore Your Bank’s Bill-Splitting Services
Some banks provide bill-splitting services. Photo: Chris Ratcliffe/Rex Shutterstock
While Natwest’s Housemate app was well-received for bill splitting, it has since been discontinued. Other banks offer similar tools to facilitate cost-sharing.
Digital banks like Monzo, Starling Bank, and Crew offer features like Split, Split the Bill, and group-based spending options to help users manage joint expenses and split bills easily.
Revolut also enables customers to split bills with other users, providing another convenient option for simplifying group expenses.
Engaging in regular and extended bouts of walking can help shield you from abnormal heart rhythms, heart attacks, heart diseases, and strokes.
Recent research published in Heart, a publication owned by the British Medical Journal, supports this notion. According to the study, adults who maintained a brisk walking pace of over four miles per hour (mph) were 43% less likely to develop heart rhythm abnormalities over a 13-year period.
For many people, a pace of 3.5 mph is typical, so walking at 4 mph may feel more energetic. It’s a deliberate pace that slightly elevates your heart rate and breathing, but still allows for conversation.
“Individuals who perceived their normal walking pace as average (3-4 mph) or active (>4 mph) experienced a reduced risk of heart rhythm abnormalities,” stated Professor Jill Perl, the Henry Mechanic Professor of Public Health at the University of Glasgow and senior author of the study, as reported by BBC Science Focus.
Furthermore, even minor lifestyle changes, such as walking at an average pace for at least five minutes daily, were shown to yield significant benefits according to the study’s findings.
Most of us walk at speeds of 3.5 mph or 130 bpm. This is about the pace of the song that got me hooked on the senses of BJ Thomas. – Credit: Solstock via Getty
The study included data from 420,925 participants from the UK Biobank, of which 81,956 individuals tracked their walking habits using activity monitors.
After 13 years, approximately 9% of participants developed heart rhythm abnormalities, such as atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, and bradycardia.
Individuals who spent more time walking at an average or active pace were found to have lower odds of developing these abnormalities compared to those with less walking activity.
It was estimated that around 36% of the benefits associated with brisk walking and heart health could be attributed to its positive impact on risk factors for heart disease.
“Brisk walking can help lower blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and reduce inflammation in the body,” explained Professor Perl.
While the study had limitations, including its reliance on self-reported data and a predominantly white participant pool, the results emphasize the potential benefits of incorporating regular brisk walking into one’s routine.
Read more:
About Our Experts:
Professor Jill Perl holds the Henry Mechanic Chair in Public Health at the University of Glasgow. She also serves as an honorary public health consultant for the Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Commission. Prior to her current role, Professor Perl was a professor of epidemiology at the British Heart Foundation’s Centre for Cardiovascular Research in Glasgow. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and the European Society of Cardiology.
Taiwan, the heart of the global supply chain for computer chips, woke up to news on Thursday that President Trump had placed a new 32% tariff on the island’s exports to the US. Excluding semiconductors.
The decision not to impose tariffs on the chip sector does not mean they will not come to Taiwan or anywhere else, including South Korea, another major source of tipping.
Taiwanese companies have spent billions of dollars over decades building networks of factories that carry out the complex processes of etching small circuits into silicon.
These chips, and the wide range of electronic devices that include them, are Taiwan’s major exports. And they are increasingly becoming the focus of Taiwan-US geopolitical ties, and have undergone significant changes in trading since Trump took office.
Trump has previously said that Taiwan has gained unfair control in building semiconductors and threatened to impose tariffs on the sector. He also denounces Taiwan, which relies on the US for political support for China’s claim that Taiwan is part of its territory and is too little to its own secure.
Taiwanese officials and businesses are rushing to ease the blow of Washington’s tariff threat. Last month, President Lai Qingte said that Taiwan is interested in purchasing natural gas from its long-term projects in Alaska.
A few weeks ago, the Taiwanese semiconductor manufacturer, the world’s largest chip maker, said it would spend $100 billion in the US to expand its operations in Arizona. TSMC announced plans for the factory during Trump’s first term and received great financial support under former President Joseph R. Biden.
When he announced the tariffs in Taiwan on Wednesday, Trump praised TSMC for his investment in the US. He and his aides hope that South Korean giants Samsung and SK Hynix and other chip companies that have pledged to invest in US businesses during the Biden administration, like Taiwan’s global wafer, will pledge to spend more.
Semiconductors are a complex target for tariffs as the supply chain for creating them is global and highly specialized. Most advanced chips are manufactured in Taiwan, but many are sent to other countries, such as Malaysia, for testing. Second, you can place the chips on an iPhone or artificial intelligence server in Mexico or China before these devices are sold to people all over the world.
“In reality, very few semiconductors are imported directly to the US. Most are incorporated into the final product,” said Jimmy Goodrich, senior advisor to technical analysis at RAND Corporation.
“It’s much more difficult than saying, “I’m going to slap the tariffs on steel,” added Martin Cholzenpa, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. ”
Even the chips made by TSMC at its Arizona factory must leave the US to be packaged in other devices before they fall into the hands of American consumers.
“The chips currently made in Arizona will need to leave the US for a while before they can go back,” Ho said. “That’s just a fact of the global chip supply chain now.”
Trump announced 32% tariffs on Taiwanese goods exported to the US on Wednesday, with Taiwan sending nearly a quarter of its exports directly. In addition to non-taxable chips, Taiwan mainly exports electronic devices and components. Taiwan’s US Chamber of Commerce has said that Taiwan plays an integral role in the US economy, urging officials in Washington and Taipei to strengthen relations.
On Thursday, the Taiwanese government accused the tariffs of being unreasonable and unfair to Taiwan. The government will serve as a strong protest against US trade representative Lee Hui-Chy.The Taiwanese Cabinet said in a statement.
Taiwan’s exports to the US have been increasing in recent years, reflecting an increase in demand for Taiwan’s advanced technologies, including electronics and semiconductors, the statement said. President Lai said the Taiwanese government is concerned about the global impact of tariffs.
The Taiwanese government was “too optimistic about its relationship with Trump,” said Jason Huss, a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute and a former member of the Taiwan Congress for the opposition Nationalist Party. “I thought Trump was a bit naive to think it was good for them, especially after the TSMC announcement.”
Chris Buckley I contributed a report from Taipei, Taiwan.
The Mediterranean diet has been linked to longevity, especially when following the lifestyle of individuals living near medical care facilities in the 1950s.
This diet focuses on a high intake of plant-based foods with limited consumption of fish, meat, and dairy products, often enjoyed in the company of others during meals. Physical activity and a vibrant social life are also key components.
American physiologist Ancel Keys first identified the Mediterranean diet in the 1950s after observing lower rates of heart disease in South Europeans compared to Americans. His research, starting with the Seven Countries Study from 1958 to 1964, explored the relationship between diet, lifestyle, and coronary heart disease across different populations.
The study revealed that men in countries like Italy and Greece had lower rates of coronary heart disease compared to Finland and the United States, with the Cretans from Greece showing the healthiest outcomes. The emphasis was on the protective effects of high unsaturated fats in these diets.
Asparagus plate – Credit: 10,000 hours
In a Spanish study known as PREDIMED (PrevenConconconDIATATERRánea) conducted in 2011, the benefits of a Mediterranean diet in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease were highlighted.
Further research suggests that this diet can aid in preventing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer due to its rich nutrient content, including antioxidants like omega-3 fatty acids, potassium, and vitamins C and E. While there is debate over the inclusion of red wine in the diet, its polyphenol content may offer protective effects against oxidative stress and inflammation.
Recent trends in the Mediterranean population show a deviation from traditional diets high in saturated fats and animal proteins towards plant-based proteins, fats, whole grains, and dietary fiber. This shift, along with increased alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyles, and obesity rates, underscores the importance of returning to ancestral dietary patterns.
This article addresses the question (posed by Len Bird, “Why is the Mediterranean diet beneficial for health?”).
To submit your question, please email questions@sciencefocus.com or reach out on our Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram pages (don’t forget to include your name and location).
For fascinating scientific insights, explore our collection of fun facts.
The influx of unrealistic health tips on TikTok signals the beginning of a new year. Let’s explore some intriguing suggestions and the evidence behind them.
Try wearing rubber bands around your ears to reduce facial swelling
A TikTok trend from South Korea suggests wrapping rubber bands around your ears for 10 minutes to combat facial swelling, claiming to facilitate lymphatic fluid movement. However, science does not support this theory. While lymphatic massage can temporarily reduce swelling by stroking outwards, there is no evidence to validate the rubber bands’ effectiveness.
Professor Hywel Williams, an expert in evidence-based dermatology at the University of Nottingham, points out that many TikTok videos feature individuals without facial puffiness, potentially leading to unnecessary worry and anxiety. He suggests a comprehensive trial where individuals with facial swelling wear various items like rubber bands and cotton, with their swelling assessed by independent estheticians before and after. Williams emphasizes the importance of conducting proper scientific studies to verify health claims.
Experimenting with garlic in your nose for sinus cleansing
TikTok showcases individuals showcasing giant mucus bubbles or a stream of snot expelled after inserting garlic in their nostrils, claiming it alleviates nasal congestion. However, experts like Simon, a consultant ear, nose, and throat specialist, refute this, stating that the mucus production is a response to the strong garlic odor, not a sign of congestion relief.
Exploring the benefits of applying castor oil in the belly button for bloating reduction
Some TikTokers advocate for applying castor oil on the belly button, known as belly button lubrication, to aid digestion, reduce bloating, and alleviate menstrual pain and endometriosis. This practice originates from Ayurveda, claiming that essential oils are absorbed through the “pechoti glands” in the belly button. However, research has yet to confirm the existence of such glands, casting doubt on the effectiveness of this technique.
Dr. Gemma Sharp, an epidemiologist at the University of Exeter, highlights the lack of scientific evidence supporting the use of castor oil for weight loss or managing endometriosis symptoms. She warns against relying on unproven home remedies that may potentially trigger allergic reactions.
Consider the weight loss benefits of Oat Empic
Ozempic, a diabetes medication known for its weight loss effects, contains semaglutide, a compound that slows digestion. TikTok users have popularized Oatzempik, a mixture of oats, water, and lime juice, suggesting similar weight loss benefits. While the claim is unverified, weight loss ultimately depends on calorie balance. Oats, however, contain beta-glucan, a soluble fiber that may aid weight loss and BMI reduction.
Explore the concept of mouth taping for health benefits
Mouth breathing at night can lead to dry mouth, sore throats, and snoring. Mouth taping, using porous tape to encourage nasal breathing, aims to filter allergens and humidify inhaled air. While limited studies suggest it may reduce snoring in mild obstructive sleep apnea, caution is advised as it can pose risks, particularly for individuals with sleep disorders. Consultation with an otolaryngologist is recommended before attempting mouth taping, especially for those with respiratory issues.
In today’s world, side jobs have become a central part of many people’s lives. Nearly 50% of British individuals are engaging in side hustles. Nine out of 10 individuals under the age of 34 who have a side hustle plan to turn it into a full-time business. Balancing a side hustle along with a full-time job can be challenging, even for the most skilled multitaskers. Here are some tips for managing multiple gigs without disrupting your work environment.
Separate and Support Each Other View your day job as a source of motivation and insight rather than a hindrance to your side hustle. This approach can make your life more coherent and less draining.
Surprisingly, finding inspiration in both roles can help you focus better on each gig.
Reshmi Bennett, an award-winning chef from Surrey, runs a bakery called Anges de Sucre alongside publishing a recipe book for children to promote creativity in the kitchen. Bennett’s bakery has been thriving since its establishment in 2011, and she successfully manages both ventures, especially during the pandemic. Bennett shared, “During the lockdown, I had some free time, so I started writing a novel and selling it on Amazon.”
“Balancing the two roles can be challenging, so I try to organize my schedule as efficiently as possible. When I’m at my day job, I focus on fulfilling bakery orders and meeting customer needs. I pour all my energy into this. I also try to apply the skills and experiences I gain at the bakery, like recipe testing, to my side hustle. This way, I can continue managing both roles at a realistic pace.”
Work Smarter Emma Thomson, hailing from Romford, Essex, founded a jewelry business while working as a medical secretary for the NHS. Thomson juggled both roles during her lunch breaks for six years before transitioning to full-time entrepreneurship. She shared, “I unintentionally started this business. It began as a coping mechanism for my anxiety and depression, and gradually, people started asking where they could purchase my jewelry.”
jeweler emma thomson
Her top advice? “Optimize the time you spend in your main job as much as possible. I worked 10 hours a day for 3 days straight at my NHS job instead of the standard 8-hour day. Although it was long, I had four full days to focus on my business and take a day off if needed. This significantly reduced fatigue and stress. Additionally, scheduling and automating social media content proved to be beneficial, as I didn’t have to personally oversee much of my social media presence.”
Enhance Your Visual Identity Develop a strong visual identity for both your day job and side hustle. Whether presenting internally to your team or creating social media content for your side gig, leveraging your design skills and adaptability can strengthen your personal brand. Improved design skills can benefit you in both roles and help you excel at both. Consider using apps like Adobe Express for creating high-quality content effortlessly.
Candace Mason runs an herbal tea business for women.
Outsource Whenever Possible Successfully managing a family bus and coach company alongside a women’s herbal tea business requires a diverse set of skills. Candace Mason from Tring, Hertfordshire, emphasizes the importance of good organization. She runs two very distinct and separate businesses, managing her life effectively using online tools like Trello for project management. Having a streamlined calendar and booking system is crucial for efficient operation. Mason acknowledges the value of outsourcing tasks like bookkeeping, recognizing the importance of accepting that one person cannot do everything.
Stick to Your Schedule Strictly Leanne Alston of Bradford, West Yorkshire, owns a private hotel while working full-time as a mental health team manager in the NHS. Alston attributes her success to strict scheduling in all areas of her life. “I create a weekly schedule, detailing my 9-to-5 job requirements and sleep routine. I then allocate time for meeting private clients, organizing social media, exercising, socializing, and personal projects. Some days require specific planning, while others are more relaxed, but having a written schedule eliminates mental clutter and provides visual clarity. Prioritizing health is crucial; neither your day job nor side hustle can thrive if your well-being is neglected.”
Psychotherapist Leanne Alston
“I meticulously plan my week to accommodate my 9-to-5 responsibilities, sleep, and personal activities, including meetings with clients, social media management, exercise, and socializing. Some days require specific planning, while others are more relaxed. Having everything written down eliminates mental clutter and provides visual clarity, making it easier to follow through on tasks. One important suggestion is to prioritize your health, as neither your day job nor side project will thrive if your well-being is neglected.”
Stay True to Yourself We often hear about bringing our “authentic selves” to work. While the wisdom of this approach is debatable, aligning your personal and professional personas can simplify your life, especially if you have a side hustle. This consistency reduces the energy spent on adapting between roles and opens up opportunities for cross-pollination.
Charlotte Walsh started a reusable straw business
Try Time Chunking Charlotte Walsh, an engineer from North Yorkshire, founded a silicone straw company to address the challenge of finding high-quality, reusable straws for her children. Walsh shared, “I launched the business in 2019 and now work full-time, handling everything from order dispatch to securing compliance for high street retail partners. By segmenting tasks into chunks through time chunking, you can prioritize urgent tasks and make significant daily progress without distractions from emails or new requests.”
Be Punctual Lastly, never compromise on punctuality, even if you’re working late nights. Losing your professionalism can lead to a loss of trust, which may require even more time and effort to regain.
Personal branding has undergone a radical transformation. The way we present ourselves in the workplace and in the job market has evolved, thanks to the tools available to us and social changes like the merging of work and personal life. Just 25 years ago, a resume was all you needed to secure a new job. However, today, the internet, social media, and smartphones have revolutionized the way we showcase ourselves to the world. These tools enable us to transform our resumes into polished websites or captivating slide decks. Social media platforms provide an avenue for anyone to cultivate and manage their personal brand in real time.
The current landscape is witnessing a significant shift as increasingly advanced tools allow individuals to create professional visual and video content using just their smartphones. With the proliferation of platforms and social channels, along with the emergence of technologies like artificial intelligence, the possibilities are virtually limitless.
So, what are the guidelines for personal branding in this new era?
Utilize modern tools
Personal branding expert Jennifer Holloway emphasizes the importance of packaging the best aspects of oneself to appeal to the target audience. Leveraging available tools can help in creating a sophisticated website with striking images and polished videos, crafting engaging social media content, and developing well-designed marketing materials.
Smartphone editing tools and the abundance of visual content on social media have inadvertently enhanced our visual skills. As the competition grows, standing out from the crowd necessitates a higher level of skill. Apps like Adobe Express can be game-changers by facilitating the creation of eye-catching designs quickly and effortlessly, while tools like generative AI enable the adoption of new design capabilities.
Be authentic – yet genuine
Daisy Morris, an Adobe Express evangelist and author, highlights the importance of personal branding reflecting one’s unique traits without feeling overly curated. Authenticity plays a crucial role, but the concept has become somewhat cliché. Striving for authenticity can sometimes create a conflict between one’s true self and their ideal self. It’s vital to strike a balance between highlighting one’s strengths and ensuring all information conveyed is accurate.
Holloway stresses the need for truthfulness in personal branding to avoid potential discrepancies in the future. The goal is to provide a glimpse of what one would experience in a personal encounter, ensuring alignment between the online persona and the real self.
Embrace experimentation
Not every strategy works for everyone, so experimenting with various media, platforms, and channels is essential. Researching suitable channels and focusing efforts on a select few can amplify the impact of a personal brand, fostering a unique message tailored to the chosen audience.
Exercise discretion in sharing
While openness is often encouraged, it’s acceptable to maintain privacy in certain aspects of life. Crafting a personal brand should align with one’s comfort level, whether leaning towards transparency or a more professional stance.
Patiently pursue success
Social media may promote instant success stories, but building a successful personal brand requires dedication and time. Avoid getting caught up in the allure of rapid success and focus on developing engaging content at a sustainable pace.
Learn from others
Observing successful personal brands can offer valuable insights and inspiration. Staying informed about evolving technologies and best practices is crucial to thriving in the dynamic realm of personal branding.
LJust guessing, did you recently purchase Call of Duty: Black Ops 6, wander into the multiplayer mode, and find yourself being brutally beaten by hundreds of teenagers with suggestive usernames? Don’t worry. That’s completely normal. Call of Duty has always been an arcade twitchfest of the online shooting scene, but Black Ops 6 has a whole new feel thanks to its omni-movement system that lets you dive, roll, and sprint in all directions. And all weapons have been completely redesigned. As Olivia Rodrigo said, it’s cruel.
So I asked two talented professional players, Ethan “Fifakill” Pink and Liam “Jukeyz” James, for some tips. Instead of laughing and pointing at me, they agreed.
use the correct gun
If you’re new to CoD, stick with assault rifles or submachine guns [SMGs] – These are suitable for Black Ops 6’s small maps and intense engagement speed. “My favorite assault rifle” [AR] Probably Model L, but very good experts agreed not to use it, so we moved to AMES,” Jukeyz says. “The SMG is either the Jackal, which is fun to use, or the KSV, which is more difficult but way too powerful.”
Fifakill, on the other hand, recommends Kompakt 92. However, if you are a mid-range player, I think the Model L Assault Rifle is a very good option. It takes time to unlock, but it’s worth the effort – Super TTK [time to kill] and very low recoil.
Call of Duty: Black Ops 6 Photo: Activision
Become a gunsmith
The Gunsmith is where you can make modifications to your weapons, which are essential to gaining an advantage in combat. “For the majority of players, it’s best to start by reducing recoil,” Fifakill says. “Focus on attachments that reduce load” horizontal Recoil – If your gun bounces up and down, it’s pretty easy to fix. But left and right makes it more difficult when you’re trying to track enemy players.”
Jukeyz prioritizes aim-down aiming speed (how quickly you can move the gun into the aiming position), but also suggests installing a vertical foregrip to counter recoil. “I also recommend Gunfighter Wildcard,” Fifakir added. “With eight attachments per gun, you get it all: better movement, bigger magazines, less recoil.”
FSeventeen seconds. According to , this was the average amount of time adults could focus on a screen in 2021. Research by Gloria Mark, Professor of Information Studies at the University of California. Twenty years ago, in 2004, this number was two and a half minutes.
Our attention spans, or the amount of time we can focus without distraction, are shrinking. Our focus, how intensely we can think about things, also suffers. The cause: Technology designed to demand our attention. We have endless tools for procrastination at our fingertips. Increased stress and anxiety disorders. And the quality of sleep is poor. But there is a solution. From quick-hit hacks to big lifestyle changes, we asked experts for tips on how to think seriously for the long term.
Find your “why”
Author and psychotherapist Eloise Skinner says that a strong sense of purpose “focuses our attention” and helps us avoid distractions. To find that purpose, Skinner recommends trying the “Five Whys” exercise developed by Japanese businessman and inventor Sakichi Toyoda in the 1930s. In this exercise, you consider why you want to do something until you find the core reason.
For example, at first you may wonder why you fill out a spreadsheet. The answer may be because your boss told you to do it. why? Because it’s part of your job. Ultimately, you get to your core “why,” which in this case might be “this job supports my family.” Write it down so you can get back to it when you feel like you’ve lost focus.
Let’s go for a morning walk
Exposure to natural light in the morning tells our brains to stop producing the sleep hormone melatonin and starts releasing hormones like cortisol, which increases our alertness.
In short, a morning walk can help you focus for the day, says Marian Taylor, sleep consultant and founder of Sleep Works. Taking these walks regularly can improve your concentration in the long run and establish a rhythm in which melatonin is released at the right time of the night, making it easier to fall asleep. “During sleep, our brains consolidate memories and process emotions,” Taylor says. “This ‘cognitive housekeeping’ allows us to wake up with a clearer mind each day.”
Many of the AI-generated images look realistic upon closer inspection.
On the road
Did you notice that the image above was created by artificial intelligence? It can be difficult to spot AI-generated images, videos, audio, and text as technological advances make them indistinguishable from human-created content and more susceptible to manipulation by disinformation. However, knowing the current state of AI technology being used to create disinformation and the various signs that indicate what you're seeing may be fake can help you avoid being fooled.
World leaders are concerned. World Economic Forum ReportMisinformation and disinformation “have the potential to fundamentally disrupt electoral processes in multiple economies over the next two years,” while easier access to AI tools “has already led to an explosion in counterfeit information and so-called 'synthetic' content, from sophisticated voice clones to fake websites.”
While the terms misinformation and disinformation both refer to false or inaccurate information, disinformation is information that is deliberately intended to deceive or mislead.
“The problem with AI-driven disinformation is the scale, speed and ease with which it can be deployed,” he said. Hany Farid “These attacks no longer require nation-state actors or well-funded organizations — any individual with modest computing power can generate large amounts of fake content,” the University of California, Berkeley researchers said.
He is a pioneer of generative AI (See glossary below“AI is polluting our entire information ecosystem, calling into question everything we read, see, and hear,” and his research shows that AI-generated images and sounds are often “almost indistinguishable from reality.”
However, Farid and his colleagues' research reveals that there are strategies people can follow to reduce the risk of falling for social media misinformation and AI-created disinformation.
How to spot fake AI images
Remember when we saw the photo of Pope Francis wearing a down jacket? Fake AI images like this are becoming more common as new tools based on viral models (See glossary below), now anyone can create images from simple text prompts. study Google's Nicolas Dufour and his colleagues found that since the beginning of 2023, the share of AI-generated images in fact-checked misinformation claims has risen sharply.
“Today, media literacy requires AI literacy.” Negar Kamali at Northwestern University in Illinois in 2024 studyShe and her colleagues identified five different categories of errors in AI-generated images (outlined below) and offered guidance on how people can spot them on their own. The good news is that their research shows that people are currently about 70% accurate at detecting fake AI images. Online Image Test To evaluate your detective skills.
5 common types of errors in AI-generated images:
Socio-cultural impossibilities: Does the scene depict behavior that is unusual, unusual, or surprising for a particular culture or historical figure?
Anatomical irregularities: Look closely. Do the hands or other body parts look unusual in shape or size? Do the eyes or mouth look strange? Are any body parts fused together?
Stylistic artifacts: Do the images look unnatural, too perfect, or too stylized? Does the background look odd or missing something? Is the lighting strange or variable?
Functionality Impossibility: Are there any objects that look odd, unreal or non-functional? For example, a button or belt buckle in an odd place?
Violation of Physics: Do the shadows point in different directions? Does the mirror's reflection match the world depicted in the image?
Strange objects or behaviors can be clues that an image was created by AI.
On the road
How to spot deepfakes in videos
An AI technology called generative adversarial networks (See glossary belowSince 2014, deepfakes have enabled tech-savvy individuals to create video deepfakes, which involve digitally manipulating existing videos of people to swap out different faces, create new facial expressions, and insert new audio with matching lip syncing. This has enabled a growing number of fraudsters, state-sponsored hackers, and internet users to produce video deepfakes, potentially allowing celebrities such as Taylor Swift and everyday people alike to unwillingly appear in deepfake porn, scams, and political misinformation and disinformation.
The AI techniques used to spot fake images (see above) can also be applied to suspicious videos. What's more, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Northwestern University in Illinois have A few tips There has been a lot of research into how to spot these deepfakes, but it's acknowledged that there is no foolproof method that will always work.
6 tips to spot AI-generated videos:
Mouth and lip movements: Are there moments when the video and audio are not perfectly in sync?
Anatomical defects: Does your face or body look strange or move unnaturally?
face: Look for inconsistencies in facial smoothness, wrinkles around the forehead and cheeks, and facial moles.
Lights up: Is the lighting inconsistent? Do shadows behave the way you expect them to? Pay particular attention to the person's eyes, eyebrows, and glasses.
hair: Does your facial hair look or move oddly?
Blink: Blinking too much or too little can be a sign of a deepfake.
A new category of video deepfakes is based on the diffusion model (See glossary below), the same AI technology behind many image generators, can create entirely AI-generated video clips based on text prompts. Companies have already tested and released commercial versions of their AI video generators, potentially making them easy to create for anyone without requiring special technical knowledge. So far, the resulting videos tend to feature distorted faces and odd body movements.
“AI-generated videos are likely easier for humans to detect than images because they contain more motion and are much more likely to have AI-generated artifacts and impossibilities,” Kamali says.
How to spot an AI bot
Social media accounts controlled by computer bots have become commonplace across many social media and messaging platforms. Many of these bots also leverage generative AI techniques such as large-scale language models.See glossary below) will be launched in 2022, making it easier and cheaper to mass-produce grammatically correct, persuasive, customized, AI-written content through thousands of bots for a variety of situations.
“It's now much easier to customize these large language models for specific audiences with specific messages.” Paul Brenner At the University of Notre Dame in Indiana.
Brenner and his colleagues found that volunteers were only able to distinguish between AI-powered bots and humans when About 42 percent Even though participants were told they might interact with a bot, they would still be able to test their bot-detection skills. here.
Brenner said some strategies could help identify less sophisticated AI bots.
5 ways to tell if a social media account is an AI bot:
Emojis and hashtags: Overusing these can be a sign.
Unusual phrases, word choices, and analogies: Unusual language can indicate an AI bot.
Repetition and Structure: Bots may repeat words that follow a similar or fixed format, or may overuse certain slang terms.
Ask a question: These may reveal the bot's lack of knowledge on a topic, especially when it comes to local locations and situations.
Assume the worst: If the social media account is not a personal contact and its identity has not been clearly verified or confirmed, it may be an AI bot.
How to detect audio duplication and audio deepfakes
Voice Clone (See glossary belowAI tools have made it easier to generate new voices that can imitate virtually anyone, which has led to a rise in audio deepfake scams replicating the voices of family members, business executives and political leaders such as US President Joe Biden. These are much harder to identify compared to AI-generated videos and images.
“Voice clones are particularly difficult to distinguish between real and fake because there are no visual cues to help the brain make that decision,” he said. Rachel TobackCo-founder of SocialProof Security, a white hat hacking organization.
Detecting these AI voice deepfakes can be difficult, especially when they're used in video or phone calls, but there are some common sense steps you can take to help distinguish between real human voices and AI-generated ones.
4 steps to use AI to recognize if audio has been duplicated or faked:
Public figures: If the audio clip is of an elected official or public figure, review whether what they say is consistent with what has already been publicly reported or shared about that person's views or actions.
Look for inconsistencies: Compare your audio clip to previously authenticated video or audio clips featuring the same person. Are there any inconsistencies in the tone or delivery of the voice?
Awkward Silence: If you're listening to a phone call or voicemail and notice that the speaker takes unusually long pauses while speaking, this could be due to the use of AI-powered voice duplication technology.
Weird and redundant: Robotic or unusually verbose speech may indicate that someone is using a combination of voice cloning to mimic a person's voice and large language models to generate accurate phrasing.
Out of character behaviour by public figures like Narendra Modi could be a sign of AI
Follow
Technology will continue to improve
As it stands, there are no consistent rules that can consistently distinguish AI-generated content from authentic human content. AI models that can generate text, images, videos, and audio will surely continue to improve, allowing them to quickly generate content that looks authentic without obvious artifacts or mistakes. “Recognize that, to put it mildly, AI is manipulating and fabricating images, videos, and audio, and it happens in under 30 seconds,” Tobac says. “This makes it easy for bad actors looking to mislead people to quickly subvert AI-generated disinformation, which can be found on social media within minutes of breaking news.”
While it's important to hone our ability to spot AI-generated disinformation and learn to ask more questions about what we read, see and hear, ultimately this alone won't be enough to stop the damage, and the responsibility for spotting it can't be placed solely on individuals. Farid is among a number of researchers who argue that government regulators should hold accountable the big tech companies that have developed many of the tools that are flooding the internet with fake, AI-generated content, as well as startups backed by prominent Silicon Valley investors. “Technology is not neutral,” Farid says. “The tech industry is selling itself as not having to take on the responsibilities that other industries take on, and I totally reject that.”
Diffusion Model: An AI model that learns by first adding random noise to data (such as blurring an image) and then reversing the process to recover the original data.
Generative Adversarial Networks: A machine learning technique based on two neural networks that compete by modifying the original data and attempting to predict whether the generated data is genuine or not.
Generative AI: A broad class of AI models that can generate text, images, audio, and video after being trained on similar forms of content.
Large-scale language models: A subset of generative AI models that can generate different forms of written content in response to text prompts, and in some cases translate between different languages.
Voice CloneA potential way to use AI models to create a digital copy of a person's voice and generate new voice samples with that voice.
The Perseid meteor shower, one of the most stunning meteor showers in 2024, is currently in full swing and offering a breathtaking display of fast, bright shooting stars streaking across the night sky.
As we move closer to the middle of August, the excitement is set to increase. During the peak of the shower, if conditions are favorable, you could witness up to 100 meteors per hour, some of which might even turn into fiery fireballs.
Unlike other meteor showers this year, the moonlight is not expected to overshadow this magnificent event. Although the waxing crescent moon will be visible as we near the peak, it will have set below the horizon by the time meteor activity intensifies.
For a comprehensive list of meteor showers throughout the year, check out our meteor shower calendar. If you’re interested in astrophotography but unsure where to begin, expert Pete Lawrence has put together a beginner’s guide on capturing amazing photos of the moon.
When is the Perseid meteor shower in 2024?
The Perseid meteor shower will commence on July 17, 2024, and extend until around August 24. The optimal viewing time for the meteors is from midnight until dawn.
The peak of the meteor shower is expected on August 12, with increased meteor activity around this period. Since the peak occurs during the daytime, the best times to observe the Perseids are before and after the peak, specifically on the nights of August 11/12 and August 12/13.
You’ll have the best visibility between midnight and just before sunrise (around 5:30 am in the UK, 6 am in New York, and Los Angeles).
How many meteors can you see?
The Perseids are known for being one of the most active meteor showers of the year, but it doesn’t mean there will be a constant stream of meteors to observe. Most images capturing numerous meteors are the result of long exposure shots that can capture dozens, or even hundreds, of meteors in a single frame.
Under ideal conditions and dark skies, you could potentially see up to 100 meteors per hour. However, in reality, you’re likely to witness far fewer, possibly only a few dozen per hour. Nonetheless, the Perseid meteor shower remains a spectacular event.
The Perseid meteor shower is about to reach its peak. – Photo credit: Getty Images
Where to look in the sky
The most favorable direction to observe the Perseid meteor shower is directly overhead. Aim to have as much of the sky in your field of view as possible, as the meteors will traverse the entire sky and won’t be confined to a specific location.
It can be useful to know the radiant point, as it helps differentiate the Perseids from sporadic meteors. The radiant point of a meteor shower appears to be the origin of the meteors.
In the case of the Perseid meteor shower, the radiant point is within the constellation Perseus, hence the name “Perseid meteor shower.”
If you look towards the northeast early in the morning, you’ll spot the constellation Perseus positioned directly above the bright Jupiter. Taurus is situated to the right of Jupiter, and you might even catch a glimpse of Mars nearby.
Since the sun rises in the east, facing in that direction and slightly turning left will have you looking towards the northeast. However, don’t worry if you’re unsure of the direction – meteors can appear anywhere overhead.
Perseus lies between the prominent “W” of Cassiopeia and the Pleiades star cluster. If you’re having difficulty locating the radiant point, an astronomy app can assist you (check out our recommended astronomy apps).
* The closest conjunction of Mars and Jupiter is set to occur on August 14, 2024. This will be the closest conjunction of the two planets until 2033, potentially offering an extraordinary sight alongside the Perseid meteor shower.
What causes the Perseid meteor shower?
Meteor showers manifest when a parent object (typically a comet or asteroid) leaves behind a trail of debris in its path around the Sun. As Earth intersects with this debris stream, the particles interact with the atmosphere, creating luminous streaks known as shooting stars.
Regular meteor showers like the Perseids follow a predictable pattern, occurring at the same time each year and peaking when Earth’s orbit intersects with the densest part of the shower.
According to astronomer David Schneider, “As Earth passes through the debris stream, the density of particles increases to a maximum and then decreases again. This usually takes a few weeks, but can also take a few days. The meteor shower peaks during the period of maximum density.” Presenter Pete Lawrence further elaborates.
In the case of the Perseids, Comet Swift-Tuttle serves as the parent body, which is a sizable comet composed of dust, ice, and rock. With a nucleus diameter of approximately 26 kilometers (about 16 miles) and a 133-year orbit around the Sun, Comet Swift-Tuttle is classified as a short-period comet denoted by the “P” in its official designation, 109P/Swift-Tuttle.
The comet’s last visible appearance was in 1992, with its next anticipated return in 2125 or 2126. While it was too dim to be observed with the naked eye in 1992, a clearer view is expected a century from now.
Will the moon affect visibility?
This year, moonlight may pose a challenge as a half moon will be visible on the evenings of August 11 and 12 before and after the peak. The moon’s luminosity will gradually increase as it approaches full moon status on August 19.
If observing at night, you may have to contend with moonlight obstruction, with the Moon being 51% bright on August 12 and 61% bright on August 13.
However, as the Perseid meteor shower activity intensifies after midnight on both nights, observing in the early morning should not be hindered by the moon’s light.
The optimum viewing time for the Perseid meteor shower is before sunrise between midnight and 5:30 am in the UK and 6 am in the US. With the moon below the horizon, there will be a higher probability of witnessing more meteors.
Tips for Maximizing Your Meteor Watching Experience
You don’t need a telescope or binoculars to enjoy the Perseid meteor shower; it’s best observed with the naked eye to capture a wider expanse of the sky than through optical devices.
“For optimal visibility, watch in a dark, moonless sky and allow at least 20 minutes in complete darkness to acclimatize to your surroundings,” suggests Lawrence. “A reclining chair provides an ideal vantage point for meteor observation.”
“Spend at least 30 minutes, if not longer, watching the sky. The rest is up to chance, but witnessing a bright summer meteor streaking across the sky will leave a lasting impression,” he adds.
Here are some tips to help you maximize your meteor viewing experience.
Avoid bright lights. Choose viewing locations away from bright artificial lights and ensure that streetlights are not directly in your line of vision.
Allow your eyes to adapt. Spend about 20 minutes outside until your eyes adjust to the darkness.
Use a red light filter when looking at your phone. This can be a physical red filter or an app that maintains your night vision until your eyes acclimate.
Choose the right time: Early morning is the prime time to witness the Perseid meteor shower at its peak activity and with the Moon below the horizon.
Block out the moon. If unable to observe in the early morning, still look out for meteors in the evening. During the peak on August 11/12 and 12/13, the Moon will be about 50-60% illuminated, so position yourself where the Moon is obscured by buildings or trees for better viewing.
Keep a wide field of vision. Maximize your peripheral vision to see as much of the sky as possible.
Beware of fireballs. The larger particles from the comet fragments responsible for the Perseid meteor shower can produce bright, long-lasting bursts of light, known as fireballs.
Identifying Perseid Meteors
While other meteors might be visible during this event, they are considered sporadic meteors.
Referred to as “sporadic meteor showers,” these meteors can appear from any direction in the sky and are not linked to a specific meteor shower like the Perseids (albeit they may originate from undiscovered meteor showers).
Lawrence differentiates between sporadic and shower meteors, stating: “Sporadic meteors occur when a small rock, typically the size of a grain of sand, enters Earth’s atmosphere, vaporizes, and creates a luminous streak known as a meteor trail. These occur randomly and can appear at any time, from any direction.”
Distinguishing between a sporadic meteor and a Perseid meteor shower can be tricky, but it’s based on their apparent direction in the sky. Meteor showers typically emanate from the radiant point associated with the shower, while sporadic meteors can streak across the sky from any direction at any given time.
According to Lawrence, “Meteor showers, in contrast [to sporadics], occur when a stream of sand-sized particles in orbit around the Sun intersects Earth’s atmosphere. Associated with comets and possibly asteroids, these particles are released over time and dispersed into orbit.”
“As they follow parallel orbits around the Sun and enter the atmosphere, they appear to originate from the same region of the sky, known as the shower’s radiant point.”
Knowing the radiant point of a specific meteor shower (such as the constellation Perseus for the Perseid meteor shower) enables you to discern whether the meteor you’re witnessing belongs to that meteor shower or if it’s a sporadic meteor.
About our experts
Pete Lawrence: With extensive experience as an astronomer, astrophotographer, and BBC night sky presenter, Pete Lawrence’s expertise shines on the show aired on BBC Four and available on demand through BBC iPlayer.
Flashing lights, barbecues, parades, and red, white, and blue flags flying: Fourth of July celebrations have arrived in America, as Americans across the country come together to celebrate the nation’s independence.
But for our furry friends, fireworks may not be such a fun experience, especially as many dogs can find fireworks scary, even if they can only hear and see them from a distance.
Luckily, if your pup has an aversion to fireworks going off in the sky, there are ways to make the whole process a lot more relaxing. Dr. Zazie ToddWe spoke to an animal behavior expert for all the tips you need to keep your dog calm during a fireworks display.
Why are dogs scared of fireworks?
If you’ve ever whispered to your dog that you’re going for a walk, you’ll know that dogs have extremely good hearing — and this can be a problem when they encounter a particularly loud, scary sound like fireworks.
Without any context about what these sounds are, it can be a pretty frightening experience. “We know why there’s this loud explosion or this bright light going on, but dogs don’t,” explains Todd.
“If we don’t do anything to teach them that these sounds are OK, they’re likely going to get scared. And if they’re scared, they’re going to continue to get more scared every time they hear it.”
So how exactly can you teach your dog that loud noises outside aren’t a threat? Well…
Tips for keeping your dog calm during fireworks
Create a suitable environment for your dog
Drawing the curtains and turning on the TV is one way to protect your dog from outside noise and light, but while this may make the sound of fireworks less noticeable, it won’t block them out completely. “This helps, but it’s even more effective if you’re there to reward your dog when there are particularly loud noises,” says Todd.
“A room with closed blinds and soothing sounds is a dog’s happiest place, but that’s their choice. Tidy up the room, but don’t lock your dog in there. It won’t solve the problem, but it will help.”
Don’t be afraid to comfort them
It’s often said that you should not comfort a scared or anxious dog as this will make them more afraid, but there’s no scientific evidence to back this up.
“It’s perfectly OK to comfort your dog – in fact, you are important to them – and when they’re stressed, they’re looking to you for help and to make them feel better,” says Todd.
“Unfortunately, fireworks can be very frightening for them and even your comforts will make them difficult to cope with, but that doesn’t mean you should ignore them.”
Fireworks are a traditional way to conclude Independence Day celebrations in the United States. – Image credit: Getty
Try desensitization training
It takes planning, but training your dog properly at a young age can set you up for a lifetime of peaceful firework enjoyment.
“Puppies have a sensitive socialization period from three weeks of age to around 12 to 14 weeks, and we recommend exposing them to quiet firework sounds during this time to prevent any fear of fireworks,” Todd says.
“This will give them a more positive experience and reduce stress for them in the future. They don’t have to be puppies, you can train them at any age, but it’s easier when they’re younger.”
But what if your dog is already afraid of fireworks? Although this exposure training can work, a different approach may be more effective. Rather than getting your dog used to loud noises and flashing lights, building a fun association with the experience can be a great way to reduce the fear.
“The idea with desensitization or counterconditioning is to give your dog a tasty treat that he’ll enjoy every time a loud noise is heard,” Todd says.
“Over time, you develop what’s called a conditioned emotional response. You might even learn to love the sound of fireworks!”
Going to the vet
In some cases, your dog may have had no resistance to fireworks for a long time and then suddenly become extremely frightened of loud noises – in this case it’s worth seeking professional help.
“Scientists at the University of Lincoln Your dog associates fear with pain. “If the fear of fireworks starts later in life, it’s well worth getting tested just to be safe,” Todd explains.
This could be due to a different experience, but it’s best to check with your vet first to be safe.
Get a prescription for medicine
Some of the strategies above require a fair bit of advance planning, but what if you don’t have the time to train your dog?
“Your vet can discuss medications and will often prescribe medication to help your dog survive the fireworks,” explains Todd.
Obviously, this is best used as a one-off technique and you’ll be better off approaching training your dog in the long term.
About our experts
Zazie Todd Author of Pet Psychologyis an award-winning blog that brings you the latest science on our pets and evidence-based pet care practices. Todd has a PhD in Psychology, a Certificate in Training and Counseling from the prestigious Dog Trainer Academy, and an Advanced Certificate in Feline Behavior from International Cat Care. She is the author of the following books: Wag: The science behind making dogs happy and Purring: The science behind making cats happy.
Dr Bab Shergill is a consultant dermatologist specializing in skin cancer treatment and is a Fellow of the British Association of Dermatology. Here are his top nine skincare tips:
Less is more
Most people only need a basic cleanser, moisturizer, and possibly sunscreen if they are going outside.
Some skin types require additional care
There are around 3,000 different skin-related conditions, such as eczema and psoriasis. If your skin is scaly, dry, and red, you may need a specific routine with moisturizers to hydrate the skin and short-term use of steroids to soothe inflammation.
Moisturizers do not hydrate the skin
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This is a common misconception: moisturizers work by creating a protective barrier and allowing moisture to move from deeper layers of the skin to the surface.
Need to know…
For most people, a basic cleanser, moisturizer, and sunscreen are sufficient.
Expensive products do not always mean better; look for key ingredients if you have specific needs.
To maintain healthy skin, eat well and limit alcohol consumption.
Expensive creams aren’t always better
There’s a psychological aspect to choosing expensive skincare products; sometimes we value them more because of their high price. However, if you have specific needs, it may be worth paying more for products with beneficial ingredients.
If you have brown spots known as “liver spots,” products containing vitamin B3 can be helpful.
Anti-aging creams are effective
Studies have shown that vitamin A-based compounds like retinol can reduce fine lines, boost collagen production, fade blemishes, and improve skin tone. Be cautious of using too much as it can cause irritation.
There is no difference between men’s and women’s skincare products
Aside from packaging and scent, there is no significant difference between products for men and women.
No need for separate day and night creams
If using a cream with retinol, consider applying it at night to avoid increased sun sensitivity.
read more A Scientist’s Guide to Life:
Avoid excessive alcohol consumption
Dehydration affects both your body and skin, so stay hydrated and eat a balanced diet. Foods rich in vitamins C and E can help combat damage from free radicals as antioxidants.
Consider your clothing choices
Wearing a wide-brimmed hat during sunny hours can protect your skin, especially for men with thinning hair on their scalp.
This article was first published on August 4, 2020
As a human, you will play a crucial role in identifying whether a photo or video was created using artificial intelligence.
Various detection tools are available for assistance, either commercially or developed in research labs. By utilizing these deepfake detectors, you can upload or link to suspected fake media, and the detector will indicate the likelihood that it was generated by AI.
However, relying on your senses and key clues can also offer valuable insights when analyzing media to determine the authenticity of a deepfake.
Although the regulation of deepfakes, especially in elections, has been slow to catch up with AI advancements, efforts must be made to verify the authenticity of images, audio, and videos.
One such tool is the Deepfake Meter developed by Siwei Lyu at the University at Buffalo. This free and open-source tool combines algorithms from various labs to help users determine if media was generated by AI.
The DeepFake-o-meter demonstrates both the advantages and limitations of AI detection tools by rating the likelihood of a video, photo, or audio recording being AI-generated on a scale from 0% to 100%.
AI detection algorithms can exhibit biases based on their training, and while some tools like DeepFake-o-meter are transparent about their variability, commercial tools may have unclear limitations.
Lyu aims to empower users to verify the authenticity of media by continually improving detection algorithms and encouraging collaboration between humans and AI in identifying deepfakes.
audio
A notable instance of a deepfake in US elections was a robocall in New Hampshire using an AI-generated voice of President Joe Biden.
When subjected to various detection algorithms, the robocall clips showed varying probabilities of being AI-generated based on cues like the tone of the voice and presence of background noise.
Detecting audio deepfakes relies on anomalies like a lack of emotion or unnatural background noise.
photograph
Photos can reveal inconsistencies with reality and human features that indicate potential deepfakes, like irregularities in body parts and unnatural glossiness.
Analyzing AI-generated images can uncover visual clues such as misaligned features and exaggerated textures.
An AI-generated image purportedly showing Trump and black voters. Photo: @Trump_History45
Discerning the authenticity of AI-generated photos involves examining details like facial features and textures.
video
Video deepfakes can be particularly challenging due to the complexity of manipulating moving images, but visual cues like pixelated artifacts and irregularities in movements can indicate AI manipulation.
Detecting deepfake videos involves looking for inconsistencies in facial features, mouth movements, and overall visual quality.
The authenticity of videos can be determined by analyzing movement patterns, facial expressions, and other visual distortions that may indicate deepfake manipulation.
Many of us have a friend or acquaintance who is consistently late, struggling with time management. While it may be a source of humor in social circles, being chronically late can lead to serious consequences like missing important meetings, flights, or appointments.
Several factors may contribute to habitual lateness. Individuals with lower scores on conscientiousness and neuroticism on personality tests are more likely to be late. This trait can also be attributed to a relaxed personality type or influenced by upbringing and cultural background.
Psychologically, some individuals may be considered “time optimists,” underestimating the time things take or struggling with procrastination. Familiarity with a given route can also lead to underestimating travel time, as demonstrated in studies on spatial cognition.
An aversion to arriving early, which often requires waiting, can also contribute to lateness. To address these factors, committing to arrive early, accurately estimating travel time with a buffer, and planning activities for waiting time can help improve punctuality.
If you resonate with these reasons for being late, taking proactive steps to address them can lead to better time management habits. By analyzing travel time more realistically and allowing for extra buffer time, it becomes easier to arrive punctually and avoid stressful situations.
This article aims to address the question “Why am I always late?” (submitted by Alvin Pittman via email).
For any queries, please reach out to us at:questions@sciencefocus.comor connect with us onFacebook, Twitter, or Instagram (remember to provide your name and location).
When it comes to gaming, the experience is everything. Whether you’re into Fortnite or Baldur’s Gate 3, full immersion is key, and that requires a laptop that can keep up. According to expert Eleanor Alley, who coordinates events at the University of Warwick Esports Center, the laptop you choose will depend on the specific requirements of the game you want to play. From beginners to seasoned pros, there are certain technical aspects that everyone should be aware of…
What should you consider in a gaming laptop? One crucial factor that can elevate your gaming experience is the speed of your computer. This directly impacts how smoothly the game runs and how realistic the graphics appear. Performance is influenced by three main components: the CPU (Central Processing Unit), which serves as the computer’s “brain”; RAM (Random Access Memory), which stores data required for quick access during operations, similar to short-term memory; and the GPU (graphics processing unit), which generates the images displayed on the screen.
What are the key features of a high-performance gaming laptop? Nothing is more frustrating than a game freezing at a critical moment, indicating that your computer may not meet the game’s requirements. If the CPU, RAM, or GPU are not powerful enough, loading times and frame rates will suffer. Higher frame rates result in smoother visuals, while faster loading speeds lead to seamless transitions between scenes.
When shopping for a laptop, processing power should be a top consideration. The CPU, the main processor, typically contains multiple cores that handle instructions. While a “quad-core” processor may be adequate for some laptops, those designed for gaming should ideally have 8 or more cores. For top-notch performance, a processor with 16 cores, like the newly launched Intel Core Ultra 7 and Intel Ultra 9 in the Samsung Galaxy Book4 Ultra, is recommended.
Immerse yourself in the action with high-quality audio
Increasing the amount of RAM can also enhance your gaming experience by ensuring smoother gameplay. Insufficient RAM can lead to lag, instability, and frustration. Gaming laptops should ideally have at least 16 GB of RAM, with options for more like the 32 GB available in the Samsung Galaxy Book4 Ultra.
The final piece of the puzzle is the graphics processing unit, which is essential for better visuals and gameplay. A dedicated GPU, separate from the CPU, is crucial for improved performance, especially in demanding games like Red Dead Redemption 2. The Galaxy Book4 Ultra offers two highly acclaimed NVIDIA RTX graphics options.
For Lee, the overall gaming experience hinges on the integration of these elements.
Her recommendation is to compare your system’s specifications with the game’s hardware requirements and test your favorite games on the laptop you’re considering or try out more demanding titles like Baldur’s Gate 3.
What is the ideal screen size for gaming? Lee suggests a minimum screen size of 15.6 inches, which is met by the 16-inch screen of the Galaxy Book4 Ultra. She advises opting for a screen resolution of at least 1080p and a refresh rate of 120 Hz for an enhanced gaming experience. The Galaxy Book4 series features a 3K screen resolution, providing a superior gameplay experience, especially for players who enjoy first-person games.
Modern laptops utilize AI and high-performance GPUs to create more realistic visuals. Vibrant colors and a visible touchscreen even in bright conditions further enhance the gaming experience.
Besides a great screen, top-notch audio is essential for gamers. Therefore, the inclusion of high-quality speakers and a studio-quality microphone with AI noise cancellation ensures immersive sound and minimal distractions.
How can I ensure my laptop is compatible with gaming hardware? Portability is a key aspect of laptops. However, this should not limit your ability to use various hardware such as external screens, controllers, charging docks, headsets, and other accessories. Therefore, a laptop with multiple ports is essential. The Galaxy Book4 series laptops are equipped with two Thunderbolt 4 ports, along with USB, HDMI, headphone, and microphone jacks.
What are the most important factors to consider when choosing a gaming laptop? As long as you have a capable CPU and GPU, sufficient RAM, and a quality screen, you likely have a great gaming laptop. While some may prioritize a 4K display, the graphics processor is more crucial and should be the main focus when balancing costs.
One of the advantages of laptops is their portability, as noted by Lee who values the ability to take it anywhere. In the past, this could mean compromising performance, but modern laptops maintain both portability and power.
For more information on which Samsung Galaxy Book4 laptop suits your gaming needs, visit:samsung.com/uk/galaxy-book
Watching a total solar eclipse is an experience you’ll never forget, but if you don’t take the right precautions, it could end up for the wrong reasons. Looking directly at the sun can be dangerous, so read on to learn how to safely observe a solar eclipse and what you need to prepare in advance.
On April 8, 2024, a total solar eclipse will be visible to more than 42 million people across North America. The total path is only about 185 kilometers wide and touches Mexico, 13 U.S. states, and parts of Canada. Most people in North America will experience this phenomenon as a partial solar eclipse, rather than a total solar eclipse.
“For those outside the path of totality, the moon will never completely cover the sun,” he says. Jeff Todd At Prevent Blindness, a Chicago-based eye care advocacy group. No matter how you look at it, eye protection is essential.
“To avoid damaging your eyes, you should wear eclipse glasses throughout the eclipse,” says Todd. Otherwise, you risk burning your retina. This phenomenon, also known as “eclipse blindness,” can occur painlessly and can be permanent. It may take several days after seeing a solar eclipse before you realize something is wrong. Sunglasses do not provide sufficient protection. However, it is perfectly safe to wear eclipse glasses over your prescription glasses.
How to safely view a solar eclipse
The prize for those traveling the path of totality is seeing the sun’s corona with the naked eye. However, it is only visible for a short few minutes during totality. Otherwise, partial phases will be visible and must be observed through eclipse glasses. Todd says people on the path to totality should wear eclipse glasses at all times, except during totality, a brief period of darkness when the sun is completely hidden by the moon. “Only then can you take off your eclipse glasses,” he said.
It is important for those in the path of totality to use their naked eyes to view the Sun during a total solar eclipse. “You have to look without a protective filter, otherwise you won’t see anything,” he says. ralph chow At the University of Waterloo, Canada.
solar eclipse 2024
On April 8th, a total solar eclipse will pass over Mexico, the United States, and Canada. Our special series covers everything you need to know, from how and when to see a solar eclipse to the strangest solar eclipse experience of all time.
Just before totality ends, light from the Sun’s photosphere flows between the Moon’s peaks and valleys. Called Bailey beads, they appear for a few seconds and eventually become a flashing “diamond ring,” exposing enough of the sun’s photosphere for sunlight to return. “It gives us ample warning that it’s time to resume viewing partial solar eclipses with protective filters,” Chow said.
Which solar eclipse glasses should I buy?
It is important to wear eclipse glasses that meet the ISO 12312-2 international standard. ISO 12312-2 applies to products used for direct viewing of the sun. “Look for the ISO standard label and buy your glasses from a trusted source,” says Todd. “Get your glasses early in time for the eclipse.” Before you buy, make sure the company or brand is listed on the American Astronomical Society’s site. A vetted list of suppliers and resellers.
Do not use Eclipse glasses with binoculars or telescopes. If you want to use these instruments to observe a solar eclipse, you’ll need to attach a solar filter over the objective lens (the lens opposite the one you’re looking through). Never place solar filters or eclipse glasses between the telescope eye and the eyepiece or binocular eyecup.
Another way to safely view the eclipse is with a pinhole projector. This is a simple device that projects an image of the sun onto paper or cardboard through a small hole. An even easier method is to use a colander or a small hole in a spaghetti spoon. This projects a small crescent sun onto every surface.
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