Tag Archives: response

New mRNA Vaccine May Enhance Immune Response and Aid Cancer Survival

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mRNA vaccines show growing potential to revolutionize healthcare

Joseph Prezioso/AFP via Getty Images

The mRNA COVID-19 vaccination seems to offer an unexpected advantage: it may extend the lives of cancer patients by enhancing immunotherapy effectiveness.

A study analyzing about 1,000 individuals undergoing treatment for advanced skin and lung cancer revealed that those who received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine within 100 days of starting treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor had nearly double the survival time compared to those who did not receive the vaccine during this period. Clinical trials to validate these findings are set to commence by year-end.

“The outcomes were astonishing,” states Elias Sayur, a researcher at the University of Florida. They speculate about the potential to develop an mRNA vaccine that enhances this immune response. “Could we craft a universal mRNA vaccine that activates the immune system across all cancer patients?” he muses. “The possibilities are extensive.”

However, is it advisable for someone just commencing checkpoint inhibitors to get a COVID-19 vaccine to improve treatment efficacy? “I am hesitant to provide clinical recommendations without concrete proof,” Sayur cautions. “Attempting to harness your immune system against cancer also carries risks,” he adds, urging adherence to established vaccine guidelines.

The rationale behind this finding lies in the immune system’s capacity to eliminate many cancers even before they escalate. Yet, some tumors evolve to obstruct this response. They achieve this by manipulating the “off switch” of T cells, which are responsible for destroying cancer cells. A well-known off switch is the protein PD-1 found on T cell surfaces.

PD-1 becomes inactive when it binds to a protein called PD-L1 on certain cell surfaces. This serves as a safety mechanism for cells to signal, “cease the attack, I am benign.”

Numerous cancers hijack PD-L1 by producing it in excessive amounts. Checkpoint inhibitors function by preventing PD-1 and other off switches from becoming activated. These treatments have significantly increased survival rates for conditions like lung cancer and melanoma, earning a Nobel Prize for their developers in 2018.

However, the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors varies significantly. When an individual’s immune system fails to react to the tumor by dispatching T cells for an attack, these drugs offer limited benefit.

Consequently, combining checkpoint inhibitors with vaccines that bolster the immune system’s tumor combat capabilities could prove to be more effective than either strategy used in isolation. Cancer vaccines are generally tailored to elicit a response to mutated proteins in cancer cells and are often personalized. “We are attempting to discern the unique aspects of their tumors,” Sayur explains. “It demands substantial time, funding, and complexity.”

During cancer vaccine trials, his team observed that the non-specific mRNA vaccine used as a control also exhibited remarkable effectiveness. “It was an absolute surprise,” Sayur remarks.

In July, Sayur and colleagues published findings indicating that mRNA vaccines enhance anti-tumor responses, even when not aimed at cancer-specific proteins, as revealed in studies in mice. Vaccines can initiate an innate immune response that acts like an alarm, energizing the immune system and prompting T cells to move from tumors to lymph nodes, where they rally other immune cells for a focused attack.

Recognizing this potential, Sayur and his team examined the medical records of patients treated at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Out of 884 advanced lung cancer patients receiving checkpoint inhibitors, 180 had received mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations within 100 days of initiating treatment. Those vaccinated survived for approximately 37 months, contrasting with roughly 20 months for those unvaccinated.

Furthermore, among 210 individuals with melanoma that had metastasized, 43 had been vaccinated within 100 days of starting checkpoint inhibitors. They had a survival time of around 30 to 40 months, compared to around 27 months for individuals who were not vaccinated in that time frame. Some vaccinated individuals remained alive at the time of analysis, indicating their survival may extend even longer. The research findings were shared at the European Society of Medical Oncology Congress in Berlin, Germany.

Previous reports have suggested that after receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, a proportion of tumors exhibited shrinkage, indicating potential anti-tumor effects in certain cases even without checkpoint inhibitors. “It’s certainly a possibility, but further investigations are essential to fully understand,” comments Sayur.

The United States recently declared significant cuts in funding for mRNA vaccine development, despite the substantial benefits they have provided during the pandemic and the vast potential they hold for treatments beyond vaccines.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Essential Insights on mRNA Vaccines in Response to RFK’s Claims

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Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Director of the U.S. Health Bureau

Zuma Press, Inc. /Alamy

The U.S. Secretary of Health has claimed that mRNA vaccines are ineffective against respiratory illnesses and announced a $5 billion cut in funding for mRNA vaccine research. This contradicts existing scientific evidence, which shows that many mRNA vaccines are not only effective but often outperform other vaccine types. Here’s what you should know to assess these statements:

During his announcement, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the head of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, stated, “These vaccines cannot effectively protect against upper respiratory tract infections such as COVID and influenza.” He indicated that funding would shift “to a safer, more versatile vaccine platform that remains effective even as the virus mutates.”

There are currently various vaccine types available: live viruses, inactivated viruses, genetically engineered viral shells, individual viral proteins, and mRNAs that encode viral proteins. The effectiveness of these vaccines is often influenced more by the virus than by the vaccine itself.

For instance, the MMR vaccine has a 100% effectiveness rate in preventing measles outbreaks when vaccination coverage exceeds 90%. This high effectiveness is due to the measles virus being a stable target and requiring complex routes deep within the body, allowing ample opportunities for the immune system to respond before symptoms develop or transmission occurs.

In contrast, respiratory viruses, which cause colds and flus, initially infect cells in the upper respiratory tract. This setting complicates the generation of sufficient protective antibodies, making it significantly harder to prevent infection and transmission compared to measles.

Moreover, viruses responsible for colds, influenza, and COVID-19 are continuously mutating, driving evolutionary pressures for changes that can evade immunity from both infection and vaccination. Consequently, no influenza or COVID-19 vaccine can offer the same long-term protection as the measles components of MMR vaccines. However, mRNA vaccines perform comparably well.

For example, some mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are over 90% effective against symptomatic infections and provide enhanced protection against severe outcomes. In contrast, the effectiveness of non-mRNA vaccines for annual influenza prevention ranges from 20% to 60%. Additionally, a recent trial involving a combined COVID-19 and influenza mRNA vaccine has shown potential to surpass existing non-mRNA influenza vaccines for individuals over 50, who are most at risk.

Thus, Kennedy’s assertion regarding ineffectiveness is misguided. While this does not imply that mRNA vaccines will always be superior to others, new vaccines must outperform existing ones in clinical trials. If mRNA vaccines were ineffective, they would not receive approval.

Kennedy also posits that other vaccine types might sustain their effectiveness amidst viral mutations, likely referencing the concept of a “universal vaccine.” This idea aims to create a single vaccine effective against all variants of, for example, influenza or coronaviruses by targeting stable parts of the virus. However, achieving this is challenging since viruses often conceal stable regions beneath variable structures.

Despite extensive research efforts over the decades, developing a reliable universal vaccine has yet to be successful. Thus, investing heavily in this area may be unwise. Additionally, mRNA technology has been utilized in experimental settings for creating universal vaccines, making Kennedy’s second statement equally flawed.

Finally, effectiveness is just one factor; safety, cost, and the rapidity of vaccine development are also critical considerations. In this regard, mRNA technology provides significant advantages: it is safer than vaccines derived from live viruses, less expensive than those based on a single viral protein, and can be developed rapidly—essential in the context of quickly evolving respiratory viruses, especially during pandemics.

Moreover, mRNA vaccine technology has broader applications for developing a variety of other treatments. The funding cuts announced by Kennedy, based on erroneous claims, could impede progress by deterring companies from investing in this promising technology.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Kamchatka Earthquake Response Demonstrates Enhanced Tsunami Warning System

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The coastline of Shiogama, Japan, where a tsunami warning was issued following a significant earthquake

Asahi Shimbun via Getty Images

On July 29, a strong earthquake struck near Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula, prompting a quick tsunami warning that allowed millions to evacuate safely. Although no unexpected waves materialized, the swift response demonstrates the progress made in tsunami science since the devastating tsunamis in 2004 and 2011, which cost tens of thousands of lives.

“This is an excellent accomplishment built on lessons learned from previous incidents,” said Ravindra Jayaratne, a researcher at the University of East London, UK.

The efficiency of the warning system can be attributed to an enhanced network of tsunami detection sensors. This includes seismometers that detect earthquake tremors and a series of buoys managed by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which assess wave heights and relay crucial information to satellites. Improved modeling techniques enable researchers at the Tsunami Warning Office to swiftly predict and disseminate alerts about wave impact locations and times.

On the day of the event, tsunami offices across the Pacific region were able to issue alerts almost immediately after the 8.8 magnitude earthquake was detected—recorded as the strongest ever. In Japan, approximately 2 million individuals evacuated from coastal regions, with others doing the same in Hawaii and even in Chile, located just south of the US west coast.

“The reaction was prompt and effective,” noted David Tappin from the British Geological Survey. He added, however, that despite the earthquake’s intensity, it resulted in minimal wave activity and flooding, highlighting the need for improved predictive capabilities regarding flood events based on early detection of tremors and wave conditions.

Jayaratne also pointed out that regions prone to tsunamis, such as Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, lack a robust warning system and adequate public awareness of potential risks. “History shows that advanced detection technologies are only useful when accompanied by effective public communication and comprehensive evacuation strategies,” he said. “Coastal communities must conduct drills regularly to enhance public awareness and ensure warnings reach those in need through various channels.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Top US Crypto Exchange Estimates Recent Cyberattack Costs Could Hit $400 Million: Our Response to Cybercrime

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The leading cryptocurrency exchange in the U.S. estimates that cyber attacks compromising account information for a “small subset” of users will incur costs ranging from $180 million to $400 million. Coinbase noted that this estimate does not factor in the $20 million ransom demanded by hackers, which the firm opted not to pay.

As the largest platform for cryptocurrency transactions in the United States, Coinbase reported that while attackers accessed sensitive information like names, addresses, and emails, they did not acquire login credentials or passwords. Nevertheless, the company is refunding customers who were tricked into sending funds to the attackers.

The hackers engaged various contractors and employees based outside the U.S. to extract information from internal systems. In response, Coinbase promptly terminated the implicated employee.


Furthermore, Coinbase has also declined to pay the ransom and is actively collaborating with law enforcement. Instead, they have offered a $20 million reward for information regarding the perpetrator.

“We are committed to investigating this case, enhancing security measures, and providing reimbursements to affected customers instead of funding criminal activities,” the company stated in its blog post.

On May 11, the company received an email from an unidentified threat actor claiming to possess information about certain customer accounts and internal documents. This revelation comes just days before Coinbase is poised to enter the Benchmark S&P 500 Index, representing a historic milestone in the cryptocurrency sector.

Security remains a significant issue for the cryptocurrency industry. In February, BYBIT, the second-largest cryptocurrency exchange globally, disclosed that an attacker had stolen approximately $1.5 billion worth of digital tokens.

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In 2024, the total amount of funds stolen from hacking of cryptocurrency platforms reached $2.2 billion, according to a report from the blockchain analytics firm Chain Orisys. This marks the fourth year in a row that such hacks have surpassed $1 billion.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Does Video Game Monetization Impact Children? Australia’s Response Explained | Games

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O Over the last ten years, Dean has built a robust collection of video games, ranging from mainstream blockbusters to niche favorites. His digital library is akin to a cinematic treasure trove, allowing instant access with a simple click. Yet, his son, Sam, has set his sights on just one game: Roblox. This expansive virtual universe and video game, Roblox is the leading title worldwide.

The company reports over 97 million daily active users on Roblox, with around 40% of them, like Sam, aged under 13. In 2024, Roblox generated approximately $5.6 billion (US$3.6 billion) in revenue, mainly from purchases of “Robux,” a form of in-game currency, with the average user spending about $25 a month.


Amid concerns about children’s exposure to bullying and inappropriate content, a recent report highlights the impacts of game monetization on young users.

Experts argue that Australia’s current classification system does not adequately assist child gamers and their parents in navigating the tricky monetization landscape.

New reports from Australian researchers scrutinize the manipulative “dark design patterns” in gaming that encourage spending and confuse children with unclear cryptocurrency transactions.

One recent report from Monash University and the Center for Consumer Policy Research (CPRC) focused on players aged 18 and older, revealing that games designed with dark patterns are almost unavoidable. Of the 800 surveyed, 83% reported “negative effects” from these designs, and 46% faced economic disadvantages, feeling pressured to purchase items and overspending.

Another recent study from University of Sydney researchers sought to understand how children, who represent one-fifth of the gaming population, recognize these mechanisms and perceive the design of video games.

“Concerns about children’s interaction with digital media often lead to panic and policy decisions that overlook the actual experiences of children,” states Taylor Hardwick, lead author of the study.

Hardwick and her team interviewed 22 children aged 7 to 14 and their parents. Each child received a $20 debit card and was instructed to explain their purchases.

Among the 22 children, 18 played Roblox, with 12 spending their entire $20 on Robux. The remaining five used the funds on other games like Call of Duty, Fallout 76, and Minecraft.

Participants expressed concerns about being misunderstood and frustrated by their purchases, especially if they suddenly lost access to their accounts or items.

Sam’s father shared that Sam has spent around $400 a year on Roblox over the past four years, with a recent purchase leaving him disheartened.

Sam had used some of his Robux to buy Godzilla “skins” (digital costumes) in a popular Roblox game called Monster Universe. However, upon logging in, he found his skin had vanished unexpectedly after the game was shut down by Toho, the copyright holder. He did not receive a refund from Roblox.

One major concern raised by Sydney researchers is the impact of “random reward mechanisms” (RRMs) on children. RRMs, like loot boxes, offer players mystery items through lottery-style draws.

While children in this study accepted RRMs as part of gaming, many expressed dissatisfaction with them.

“Even if children talk about game percentages in slang, they don’t entirely grasp the risks of navigating these digital experiences,” the authors note. “Gambling-like mechanisms such as RRMs are harmful and inappropriate for children’s games.”

Recommendations include eliminating RRMs, simplifying refund processes, enhancing account protections for children, and improving transparency regarding cryptocurrency.

Christopher Ferguson, a psychologist at Stetson University, found the study interesting but highlighted the small sample size and questioned the researchers’ definition of “harm.” He argued that while children may feel deceived, the monetization aspects could be more annoying than harmful.

“It’s encouraging that researchers are inquiring about children’s perspectives on their experiences,” he said.

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A USTRALIA has attempted to shield children from monetized RRMs by introducing a new classification system that was implemented in September 2024. Currently, games containing RRMs or loot boxes are not recommended for those under 15.

However, these new regulations apply only to newly classified games, and pre-existing games are not required to update their classifications.

Leon Xiao, a researcher from City University of Hong Kong studying loot box regulation, states that Australia faces implementation issues rather than legal ones. He argues that several video games were misrated after the new law came into effect, indicating flaws in consumer education.

A preliminary study by Marcus Carter, co-author of the University of Sydney research, suggests that about 20% of the top 100 grossing mobile games on the Apple App Store and Google Play Store do not comply with Australian regulations. Hardwick and Carter recently noted that Australia’s guidelines “do not fulfill their intended purpose.”

Roblox, with its extensive user-generated content, exemplifies the confusion surrounding ratings. Xiao argues, “Roblox should either be rated or not recommended for players under 15.” However, the game is rated PG on the Google Play Store.

In contrast, Apple’s App Store lists a regional age rating of over 15 years, which aligns with global ratings from Apple that set the limit at 12.

A Roblox spokesperson informed Guardian Australia that developers must use the PolicyService API to comply with jurisdictional requirements, ensuring access only for eligible users with paid random items. Due to an update rolled out to developers in September 2024, paid random items are currently unavailable to users in Australia.

“As a platform for user-generated content, we provide developers with tools, information, and guidelines applicable to various gameplay aspects within games and experiences.

“We are committed to addressing reported content that fails to adhere to guidelines or does not effectively use tools necessary to meet Australia’s local compliance requirements.”

The company strives to inform parents about their children’s purchasing habits, does not store billing information as defaults, and fails to give warnings that real money is being spent during initial transactions. Parents are also alerted via emails regarding high spending activity.

“Our parental controls enable parents and caregivers to receive notifications about their child’s spending on Roblox and set monthly spending limits for their accounts,” said the spokesperson.

Hardwick believes navigating monetization is challenging for parents, who are often busy, informed, and lack resources. She feels they aren’t equipped to manage children’s in-game spending effectively.

Dean is making every effort to guide Sam through these trends, discussing what Sam spends Robux on and why. While Dean acknowledges Sam’s disappointment over the Godzilla skin, he has encouraged Sam to explore a gardening game where he can utilize Robux to purchase new species.

*Name changed

Source: www.theguardian.com

Pastor Revises Data Bill in Response to Artists’ AI and Copyright Concerns

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The minister proposed concessions regarding copyright modifications to address the concerns of artists and creators ahead of a crucial vote in Congress next week, according to the Guardian.

The government is dedicated to conducting economic impact assessments for the proposed copyright changes and releasing reports on matters like data accessibility for AI developers.

These concessions aim to alleviate worries among Congress members and the creative sector regarding the government’s planned reforms to copyright regulations.

Prominent artists such as Paul McCartney and Tom Stoppard have rallied behind a campaign opposing a range of high-profile intervention changes. Elton John remarked that the reforms “will expand traditional copyright laws that safeguard artists’ livelihoods.”

The Minister intends to permit AI companies to utilize copyrighted works for model training without acquiring permission, unless the copyright holder opts out. Creatives argue this favors AI firms and expresses a desire to adhere to existing copyright laws.

The government’s pledge will be reflected in amendments to the data bill, which will serve as a key instrument for advocates opposing the proposed changes and is scheduled to be discussed in the Commons next Wednesday.

The initiative has already faced criticism. Crossbench peer and activist Beevan Kidron stated that the minister’s amendments would not “meet the moment” and indicated that the Liberal Democrats would propose their revisions to compel AI companies to comply with current copyright laws.

British composer Ed Newton Rex, a notable opponent of the government’s proposal, argued there is “extensive evidence” suggesting that the changes “are detrimental for creators.” He added that no impact assessment was needed to convey this.

Ahead of next week’s vote, Science and Technology Secretary Peter Kyle sought to establish rapport within the creative community.

During a meeting with music industry stakeholders this week, Kyle acknowledged that his focus on engaging with the tech sector has frustrated creatives. He faced backlash after holding over 20 meetings with tech representatives but none with those from the creative sector.

Kyle further stirred criticism by stating at the conference that AI companies might choose to relocate to countries like Saudi Arabia unless the UK revamps its copyright framework. This was not discussed at a Downing Street meeting with MPs this week.

Government insiders assert that AI firms are already based abroad and emphasize that if the UK does not reform its laws, creatives may lack avenues to challenge the exploitation of materials by overseas companies.

According to government sources, the minister has not established an opt-out system and maintains “a much broader and more open-minded perspective.”

However, Labour lawmakers contend that the minister “has not proven any substantial job growth in return” and is yielding to American interests. They criticize this as, at best, outsourcing and, at worst, total exploitation.

Kidron, who has successfully amended the Lords’ data bill while opposing the government’s reforms, remarked, “The moment is not right for pushing the issue into the long grass with reports and reviews.”

“I ask the government why they neglect to protect UK property rights, fail to recognize the growth potential of UK creative industries, and ignore British AI companies that express concerns over favoritism towards firms based in China,” she stated.

James Fris, a Labour member of the Culture, Media and Sports Selection Committee who facilitated discussions on the matter this month, asserted, “The mission of the creative sector cannot equate to submission to the tech industry.”

Kidron’s amendments, aimed at making AI companies accountable under UK copyright laws regardless of location, were withdrawn in the Commons, but the Liberal Democrats plan to reintroduce them next week.

The Liberal Democrats’ proposal includes a requirement for AI model developers (the technology that supports AI systems like chatbots) to adhere to UK copyright laws and clarify the copyrighted materials incorporated during development.

The Liberal Democrat amendment also demands transparency regarding the web crawlers used by AI companies, referring to the technology that gathers data from the Internet for AI models.

Victoria Collins, spokesperson for Liberal Democrat Technology, stated:

“Next week in the Commons, we will work to prevent AI copyright laws from being diluted and push Parliament to urge lawmakers to stand with us in support of UK creators.”

Source: www.theguardian.com

Federal prosecutors seek major medical journals in response to ambiguous threat

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Federal prosecutors in Washington reached out to the New England Journal of Medicine with unsubstantiated inquiries that implied the journal, considered one of the most prestigious in the world, may be biased towards certain viewpoints and influenced by external pressures.

NEJM editor Dr. Eric Rubin described the letter as “blatantly threatening” in an interview with the New York Times.

Republican activist Edward Martin Jr., serving as interim U.S. attorney in Washington, sent similar letters to at least three journals. Martin has faced criticism for using his position to target opponents of the administration.

The letter accused the journal of taking sides in scientific debates and posed accusatory questions about bias and the selection of research articles.

Will they consider submissions from scientists with differing perspectives? How will they handle authors whose work they have published that may have misled readers? Are they transparent about the influence of supporters, funders, advertisers, etc.?

This news about the letter to NEJM was previously reported by Stat and Health News Outlet.

Martin also raised questions about the role of the National Institutes of Health, which funds some of the research published by the journal, and its involvement in the development of submitted articles.

Amanda Shanor, a First Amendment expert at the University of Pennsylvania, emphasized that information published in reputable medical journals like NEJM is widely protected by the Constitution.

She explained that journals have the same rights as newspapers in most cases, with the Constitution providing the strongest legal protection.

“There is no legal basis to suggest that medical journals are not afforded the strictest First Amendment protections,” she stated. “It seems to be an attempt to instill a sense of fear and censorship that impacts people’s freedom of expression. This raises constitutional concerns.”

It is unclear how many journals received these letters or the criteria Martin used to target publications. The U.S. Attorney’s Office in Washington did not respond to requests for comment.

“Our role is to assess and evaluate science in an impartial manner,” Dr. Rubin stated. The questions raised seem to insinuate biases in our operations – it is quite vague This introduces a threatening element. ”

Former editor of Science magazine, Jeremy Berg, believed the letter was an attempt to coerce journals into publishing papers aligning with the administration’s views on climate change and vaccines, even if the research quality is lacking.

National Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. mentioned in an interview with the “Dr. Hyman Show” podcast last year that NEJM was involved in disseminating misinformation and distorting scientific facts.

Department of Health and Human Services spokesman Andrew Nixon declined to comment on Kennedy’s involvement in the letter.

Kennedy expressed his intention to possibly take legal action against medical journals under the Federal Anti-Corruption Act.

“I plan to file a lawsuit against you under general tort laws and the Assault Act,” he stated. “Unless you have a plan to demonstrate how you will begin publishing genuine scientific work, I will find a way to pursue legal action against you.”

Dr. Jay Bhattacharya, the new head of NIH, has criticized mainstream science journals and recently co-founded a new journal that offers alternative perspectives on Covid.

The UK-based Lancet showed support by editing Editor Skas’s response, calling it “an obvious attempt to intimidate and stifle editorial independence.”

“American science and medicine are being closely watched worldwide,” the editor stated.

One of Martin’s letters was directed at the journal Chest, a publication focused on technical research in areas like lung cancer and pneumonia. It was reported by The New York Times that at least two other publishers received similar letters.

These publishers chose not to speak publicly for fear of repercussions from the Trump administration.

Dr. Rubin also expressed concerns about potential political backlash. Science journals often rely on public funding indirectly, with universities using federal grants to pay for subscriptions.

“Are we concerned? Absolutely,” he said. “But we are committed to doing what is right.”

Martin gave the magazines until May 2nd to respond to his inquiries. NEJM has already issued a statement refuting the accusations made against their journal.

“We maintain strict peer review and editing processes to ensure the integrity and trustworthiness of published research,” the statement affirmed. “We uphold the editorial independence of medical journals and their inherent right to protect their freedom of expression.”

This is not NEJM’s first run-in with the Trump administration.

In 2020, the Journal dismissed an editor who criticized the president’s pandemic response. This marked the first time in its 208-year history that the Journal took a stance on a political figure.

Dr. Rubin speculated that Martin’s letter may be related to this editorial decision. While the Journal Chest did not publish on Trump’s first term, the connection was noted.

Source: www.nytimes.com

Investigation Launched into Online Suicide Forum in Response to UK Digital Safety Act

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UK Communications Regulators have announced the first investigation under the new Digital Safety Act, with an investigation into an online suicide forum.

Ofcom is investigating whether the site has violated the Online Safety Act by failing to take appropriate measures to protect users from illegal content.

The law requires tech platforms to tackle illegal material, such as promoting suicide, or face the threat of fines up to £18 million or 10% of global revenue. In extreme cases, Ofcom also has the power to block access to UK sites or apps.

Ofcom said it didn’t name the forum under investigation, focusing on whether the site has taken appropriate steps to protect users in the UK, whether it failed to complete an assessment of harm that could be requested under the law, and whether it responded appropriately to requests for information.

“This is the first investigation open to individual online service providers under these new laws,” Ofcom said.

The BBC was reported in 2023 The easy-to-access forum for anyone on the open web has led to at least 50 deaths in the UK, with tens of thousands of members with debate, including methods of suicide.

Last month, the obligation came into effect under a law requiring 100,000 services under that range, from small sites to large platforms such as X, Facebook and Google. This Act contains 130 “priority violations” or illegal content. This should be addressed as a priority by ensuring that a moderation system is set up to address such material.

“We were clear… we may not comply with the new online safety obligation or we may not be able to properly respond to information requests, leading to enforcement action and we will not hesitate to take prompt action suspecting there is a serious violation,” Ofcom said.

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In the UK and Ireland, Samaritans can be contacted on Freephone 116 123 or emailed to jo@samaritans.org or jo@samaritans.ie. In the US, connect with crisis counselors by calling or texting the 988 National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, chatting at 988lifeline.org, or texting 741741 text. In Australia, the Crisis Support Service Lifeline is 13 11 14.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Psychologist reveals quick and easy technique for reframing rejection response

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Feeling rejected, whether by a relative, significant other, date, friend, or employer, can be tough. It’s crucial to remember that you value the relationship more than they do, indicating a mismatch in values.

The asymmetry of such situations can be hurtful, especially when it occurs repeatedly. Research shows that people often consider the loss of relationships as one of the most painful experiences in their lives.

Brain imaging research also suggests that feelings of rejection activate parts of the brain associated with physical pain, explaining the visceral nature of mental suffering in such situations.

If you face rejection frequently, you may develop “rejection sensitivity,” causing you to avoid interactions to prevent further pain. Therapists can assist in developing a sense of belonging elsewhere and managing difficult emotions.

Credit: Adam Gale

Therapists can also help you view rejection in a more rational and self-compassionate manner. Instead of internalizing rejection as a flaw in yourself, consider alternate perspectives.

For instance, a job rejection could be due to being overqualified, or a missed call from a potential date may be from nervousness. Sometimes, rejection may not be about you at all, such as a friend avoiding you due to their own reasons.

Approaching new relationships as learning opportunities and staying open-minded can help you overcome fear of rejection. Reflect on what you could do differently in the future and seek connections in different ways.

This article addresses overcoming the fear of rejection, inspired by a question from Birmingham resident Louisa Rollins.

If you have any queries, contact us at: questions@sciencefocus.com or reach out to us on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram (don’t forget to include your name and location).

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Preparing for Cyberwar: UK’s Response to Russia’s Ability to Shut Off the Lights

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TThe Swedish government’s survival checklist for war would have seemed strange a few decades ago: a sleeping bag, spare battery, one week’s worth of cash, and preserved foods like rice and cereals.

While not explicitly named, Russia looms in the background, evoking memories of the Cold War. The pamphlet “In Case of Crisis or War” has been updated to address the current threat.

The guide now considers the possibility of an “armed attack against Sweden” along with “cyber attacks” and “disinformation campaigns.”

In addition to the traditional threats of nuclear conflict and armed invasion, Europe now faces the 21st-century enemy of cyberwar.

Richard Horne, from the National Cyber Security Center, warns of underestimated risks from countries like Russia and China.

Recent incidents have shown an increase in serious cyber attacks, prompting British ministers to highlight the potential impact of Russia’s cyber operations.

Various European countries, including Sweden, Norway, and Finland, are advising citizens to prepare for power outages caused by cyber attacks.

Experts stress the seriousness of Russia’s cyber threat and the need for organizations to plan for cyberattacks on key infrastructure.

Recent evidence points to Russian cyber interference in UK institutions, prompting calls for preparedness against cyber threats.

Amid rising cyber tensions, countries are emphasizing the importance of stockpiling essentials and strengthening cybersecurity measures.

As governments ramp up cybersecurity efforts, individuals are advised to use strong passwords and verify information sources.

The UK government recommends emergency preparedness and offers guidance on dealing with potential cyber threats.

Experts emphasize the resilience of Baltic and Scandinavian countries in the face of potential cyber and armed conflicts.

As the world faces various threats, the importance of preparedness, including stockpiling essential supplies, is underscored.

Source: www.theguardian.com

The Ideal Response to a Compliment, Backed by Science

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Compliments can sometimes be tricky to navigate, as identified by a Belgian psychologist. There are several ways in which receiving compliments can make the person being complimented uncomfortable.

When someone compliments you, it might make you feel self-conscious or criticized. For instance, if a friend praises your outfit during a meet-up, you might feel uneasy due to the attention being drawn to you.

Another factor that can make compliments uncomfortable is social awkwardness or inappropriateness, such as when a boss gives you a personal compliment.

Aside from these, feelings of indebtedness, pressure to return the compliment, being misunderstood, or feeling inadequate can also arise when receiving compliments. If you’re unhappy with something you’ve done, a compliment from someone might irritate you.

One way to address these feelings is to remind yourself that the person giving the compliment likely meant well. They probably wanted to show appreciation and make you feel good with their kind words.

It’s not always easy to see compliments in this light, especially for those with low self-esteem. These individuals might yearn for understanding and feel like compliments suggest a lack of it.

Research indicates that compliments can have adverse effects on individuals with low self-esteem in romantic relationships, leading to feelings of anxiety and misunderstanding.

Recent studies have explored ways to help those with low self-esteem benefit from compliments by shifting focus from personal beliefs to situational context and relationship dynamics.

Overcoming low self-esteem might result in increased receptiveness to compliments over time.

This article addresses a question from George Alvin via email: “How can I accept a compliment well?”

If you have any questions, please send them to the email address below. For additional information, contact:or send us a message Facebook, Xor Instagram Page (be sure to include your name and location).

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Microsoft withdraws its observer status from OpenAI board in response to regulatory scrutiny.

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Amid regulator scrutiny over big tech companies’ relationships with artificial intelligence startups, Microsoft is stepping down from its observer role on OpenAI’s board, and Apple will no longer appoint executives to similar positions.

Microsoft, the primary funder of ChatGPT developer, announced its resignation in a letter to the startup, as reported by the Financial Times. The company stated that the resignation, as a mere observer with no voting rights on board decisions, is effective immediately.

Microsoft highlighted the progress made by the new OpenAI board post the eventful departure and reinstatement of CEO Sam Altman last year. The company mentioned that OpenAI is heading in the right direction by emphasizing safety and nurturing a positive work culture.

“Considering these developments, we feel that our limited observer role is no longer essential,” stated Microsoft, which has invested $13 billion (£10.2 billion) in OpenAI.

However, Microsoft reportedly believed that its observer role raised concerns among competition regulators. The UK’s Competition and Markets Authority is reviewing whether the deal equated to an “acquisition of control,” while the US Federal Trade Commission is also investigating View Partnerships.

While the European Commission opted out of a formal merger review regarding Microsoft’s investment in OpenAI, it is examining exclusivity clauses in the contract between the two entities.

An OpenAI spokesperson mentioned that the startup is adopting a new strategy to engage key partners like Microsoft, Apple, and other investors on a regular basis to strengthen alignment on safety and security.

As part of this new approach, OpenAI will no longer have an observer on the board, meaning Apple will also not have a similar role. Reports had surfaced earlier this month about Apple intending to include App Store head Phil Schiller on its board, but no comment has been received from Apple.

Regulatory scrutiny has intensified on investments in AI startups. The FTC is investigating OpenAI and Microsoft, along with Anthropic, the creator of the Claude chatbot, and their collaborations with tech giants Google and Amazon. In the UK, the CMA is looking into Amazon’s partnership with Anthropic, as well as Microsoft’s ties with Mistral and Inflection AI.

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Alex Hafner, a partner at British law firm Fladgate, indicated that Microsoft’s decision seemed to be impacted by the regulatory landscape.

“It’s evident that regulators are closely monitoring the intricate relationships between big tech firms and AI providers, prompting Microsoft and others to rethink how they structure these arrangements in the future,” he commented.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Emergency Response Triggered by Unusual Fish Behavior in Florida

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Ripley’s Aquarium plans to introduce up to six small-toed sawfish to the facility. A spokesperson said the majority of the company’s animal care team will assist in the effort, including transporting the sawfish to the Marine Science Research Center to care for it.

Mote Marine Laboratory and Aquarium also said in a release that a quarantine facility for the rescued sawfish is ready and they are eager to help.

“Solving this mystery will require strong collaboration,” said Kathryn Flowers, Mort postdoctoral researcher and lead scientist on the effort.

The problem affects many species of fish off the coast of Florida, said Dean Grubbs, associate director of research at Florida State University’s Coastal Marine Research Institute.

“It goes all the way from very small prey species like pinfish to things like grouper and some stingrays,” he said.

Brehm said there are several theories about what’s going on, but with this type of event it’s difficult to come to an answer right away.

“I’ve heard to some extent that it’s like trying to find a needle in a haystack,” he says. “But it’s very difficult to know which one it is because there are so many different possibilities.”

Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission said on wednesday They found evidence to rule out several potential causes. The report said the fish did not appear to be suffering from any infectious or bacterial infections, and other factors such as oxygen, salinity and temperature were not suspected to be contributing factors.

The commission’s hotline for sawfish sightings has been in place for years, but the number of calls has increased in the last month.

Shea McKeon, director of marine programs at the American Bird Conservancy, said the group is also closely monitoring the fish situation, but has not yet seen a link to the bird deaths. . To help scientists figure out the root cause, the public can record instances of strange fish behavior they see on the water and upload videos and photos to community science sites like iNaturalist.org he said.

Grubbs said the problem appears to have gotten worse since February.

“We’ve spent the last 15 years studying sawfish, so it’s very sad to see these sawfish die,” he said. “And it’s hard. It’s hard for my students, my graduate students, to see that. It’s definitely painful. We want to get to the bottom of it and find a way to recover from this.” Masu.”

Marissa Parra

Marissa Parra is a national correspondent for NBC News based in Miami, Florida.


Maria Piñero

Maria Piñero is a producer at NBC News.

Jason Abbruzzese contributed.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

China’s hacking poses challenge for Western governments in coordinating response

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The phrase ‘tip of the iceberg’ comes to mind as the UK government announces its plans to impose sanctions on two individuals and an entity for their alleged involvement in a cyber attack targeting British MPs in 2021. It seems like just the beginning. But underestimating the situation would be a mistake.

Home Secretary James Cleverley emphasized that these sanctions send a strong message that “targeting elected officials and electoral processes will not be tolerated.”

Despite this, some experts interpret the US’s decision to prosecute seven individuals associated with a hacking group called APT31 as a sign of trouble for Britain. They were involved in a widespread hacking operation, sending over 10,000 malicious emails to various individuals across multiple continents, including politicians, officials, journalists, and China critics.

Cybersecurity professor Alan Woodward from the University of Surrey believes that while the sanctions may not bring about immediate change in the UK’s cybersecurity, they are necessary to show solidarity with the US. However, he warns that more significant actions are needed to address the issue effectively.

The UK government also disclosed a historic hacking attempt, attributing it to “Chinese state-affiliated entities” targeting the Election Commission’s system from 2021 to 2022. The Chinese embassy in London denied these allegations, calling them baseless. However, the sanctioned entities were not directly linked to this specific incident, causing confusion among cybersecurity experts.

The broader context of Chinese cyber attacks reveals a pattern that all Western governments, including the UK, must navigate carefully. APT31 and other Chinese hacking groups have targeted countries like France, Finland, and New Zealand, according to reports. Such attacks underscore the challenges posed by China’s aggressive cyber activities.

Recent data breaches from Chinese cybersecurity company iSoon shed light on the extent of Chinese hacker activity and their pursuit of government contracts. With China being a leader in government-sponsored cyber exploitation, Western governments struggle to formulate a unified response to these threats.

The complexities of dealing with Chinese cyber attacks highlight the need for coordinated efforts among Western nations. China’s strategic denial and plausible deniability tactics make it challenging to hold them accountable for their actions. This, coupled with the elusive impact of data breaches, complicates the cybersecurity landscape.

While Russia’s hacking often causes immediate discord, China’s approach is more calculated, shaping global perceptions subtly. Understanding the nuances of Chinese cyber activities is crucial for international security experts, who view China as a long-term climate change compared to Russia’s intermittent storm.

The recent indictment of hackers linked to Chengdu 404 and the ongoing cyber operations against China reveal the ongoing struggle between intelligence activities and political espionage. As accusations and sanctions fly back and forth, the complexity of the cybersecurity landscape continues to evolve.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Keeping your eyes open can lead to faster sleep because of the body’s natural response to darkness.

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Do you find yourself tossing and turning all night once again? Are you counting down the hours until your unyielding alarm goes off? If you’re a reader struggling with sleep, you’re not alone.

Many of us have experienced the frustration of feeling like the more we try to force ourselves to sleep, the more it eludes us. But is this truly the case?

According to recent trends on TikTok, trying to fall asleep can actually hinder your ability to do so. In fact, influencers are actively promoting the idea of not trying to fall asleep. This counterintuitive technique is known as “paradoxical intent,” and while it may be new to TikTok, it’s a scientifically backed method.

As it turns out, there is scientific support behind TikTok after all. Who would have thought?

“Paradoxical intentions are a well-established therapeutic technique that has been used in psychotherapy for decades,” explains Colin Espie, Professor of Sleep Medicine at the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford. “In fact, I conducted my first research using paradoxical intention therapy in the 1980s.”

Read more:

What is paradoxical intent?

Paradoxical intent can be useful for various phobias and anxiety disorders, but the underlying premise remains the same: deliberately adopting an attitude contrary to the desired outcome.

For instance, if a patient has a phobia of failure, a psychologist might assist the patient in confronting failure instead of avoiding it, ultimately reducing fear and anxiety.

“The fundamental directive regarding sleep is that you should aim to stay awake when you’re in bed, feeling sleepy, or waking up in the middle of the night,” Espie explains. “You need to switch your intention from sleeping to staying awake.”

Although this approach may seem illogical at first, it is based on the idea that trying too hard to sleep can backfire.

“Sleep is largely an involuntary process, so attempting to control it often interferes with the natural sleep process,” Espie says. “Essentially, you can’t force sleep; you can only invite it. It’s like stepping back from being awake rather than actively pursuing sleep.”

How to use paradoxical intention to fall asleep faster

Implementing paradoxical intent is simple, but there are some considerations to keep in mind before giving it a try.

1. Go to bed when you feel sleepy (not before)

It may seem obvious, but you can’t sleep unless you’re tired. While paradoxical intention involves trying to stay awake, attempting this during the day is not as challenging.

“Sometimes people go to bed early because they’re desperate for sleep, but if they’re not morning people, they may struggle, leading to falling asleep early in the evening,” Espie notes.

2. Prepare for bed as usual

Despite its fancy name, paradoxical intent doesn’t require any elaborate setup. There’s no need for high-tech gadgets or sleep meditation apps; simplicity is key.

Espy recommends getting into bed, turning off the lights, and lying down.

3. Keep your eyes open instead of closing them

There are several ways to practice paradoxical intent, but this is the simplest approach.

“Keep your eyes open, assume that position, and tell yourself, ‘I am not falling asleep, I am not falling asleep, I am not falling asleep,'” Espie suggests.

“Then, encourage yourself further by saying phrases like, ‘I will stay awake a bit longer,’ or ‘I will keep my eyes open for 10 more seconds.’ Whenever you feel your eyes drooping, say ‘No.'” he explains.

Gradually, it becomes increasingly challenging to keep your eyes open, and instead of struggling to fall asleep, you find yourself struggling to keep your eyes open.

If you sense sleep approaching, try not to resist or acknowledge it too much. Simply allow it to happen.

As an additional tip, Espie recommends keeping a tissue or handkerchief under your pillow in case your eyes start to water.

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4. Don’t take it too literally

The most common mistake people make when employing paradoxical intent is interpreting it too literally.

“It’s not about tormenting yourself to stay awake at all costs. The goal isn’t to prevent yourself from sleeping,” Espie clarifies.

“If you overdo it, you will be overly determined to stay awake, interfering with sleep. The real aim is to allow sleep to naturally happen,” he adds.

5. Be consistent

Changing your sleep patterns doesn’t happen overnight, so persistence is key. “To derive the most benefit from these strategies, you need to continue using them for a while,” Espie advises.

“One challenge with such an approach,” notes the Oxford professor who advocates for it, “is that if it works initially but falters over time, people may become disillusioned, potentially leading to depression.”

“This is usually because individuals underestimate the extent of their sleep problems and the ingrained habit of overthinking,” he explains.

If the issue persists, seeking professional help is crucial. “It’s not just a lifestyle matter,” Espie emphasizes, “sometimes, people need assistance.”

“This is not a hack”

Contrary to what TikTokers may suggest, there is no magical trick to manipulate our brains.

“You can’t outsmart human nature,” Espie asserts. “Sleep is an essential process, and this is not a technique to switch on sleep. It’s not a game.”

He finds it intriguing that sleep advice and techniques are gaining popularity on social media. TikTok’s #insomnia tag currently boasts around 600,000 posts, while the #sleep tag has over 2.9 million posts.

Meanwhile, according to a study investigating American adults, nearly three-quarters of social media usage occurs right before bedtime. It might be an opportune time to learn new sleep strategies, don’t you think?

According to Espie, the increasing online interest in the subject could indicate rising levels of insomnia.

“The value of sleep and the need for effective solutions to sleep issues are sorely underestimated, with many young individuals in particular struggling,” he observes.

“This is why paradoxical intentions are so beneficial; they remind us that the answer isn’t a gimmick, pill, or potion. It’s sleep itself.

“The solution lies in establishing healthy sleep habits to attain the rest you deserve.”

About our experts

Colin Espie is a Professor of Sleep Medicine at the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience (NDCN) at the University of Oxford. He established the Experimental and Clinical Sleep Medicine Research Program at the Sir Jules Soane Sleep & Circadian Institute (SCNi). Additionally, he serves as the Clinical Director of Oxford’s Sleep Medicine Online Program.

Professor Espie is also a Research Fellow at Somerville College, University of Oxford, and a Senior Research Fellow in the University’s Department of Psychiatry. He is the author of the book “Overcoming Insomnia,” a self-help guide utilizing cognitive-behavioral techniques, including guidance on paradoxical intentions.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Elon Musk Visits Auschwitz in Response to Controversy Surrounding Anti-Semitic Message in ‘X’

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Elon Musk, who has faced criticism for endorsing anti-Semitic conspiracy theories and allowing anti-Semitic messages on X (formerly Twitter), paid a visit to the Nazi Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp on Monday.

Musk’s visit to this infamous site of Holocaust atrocities preceded his planned attendance at a conference on anti-Semitism organized by the European Jewish Association in the nearby Polish city of Krakow later that day.

Musk was photographed at the Birkenau location alongside Daily Wire podcaster Ben Shapiro, who was also set to participate in the EJA conference. Birkenau, a village near Oświęcim in southern Poland, is enclosed by barbed wire, and contains wooden barracks and the remains of gas chambers as a testament to the Nazi crimes committed there, as well as a monument to the victims. Annual international ceremonies are held at this site.

“Before attending the European Jewish Association conference, Elon Musk visited Auschwitz-Birkenau with EJA President Rabbi Menachem Margolin, Ben Shapiro, Holocaust survivor Gidon Lev John, and others. Mr. Musk laid a wreath at the Wall of Death and participated in a brief memorial and service next to the Birkenau Monument,” the EJA said in an email.

Mr. Musk was slated to engage in a discussion on online anti-Semitism with Mr. Shapiro at a conference in Krakow ahead of International Holocaust Remembrance Day on January 27.

After acquiring the platform formerly known as Twitter in 2022, Musk has been accused of allowing anti-Semitic messages on the platform and has faced criticism from the Anti-Defamation League and others. His actions sparked protests from the White House and elsewhere in November, when he posted “You told the truth” at X to a user who accused Jews of hating white people and professing indifference to anti-Semitism. He later apologized for the comment, calling it the most “stupid” post he had ever made.

Last year, several major brands, including Disney and IBM, took action after liberal advocacy group Media Matters found that their ads were running alongside pro-Nazi content and white supremacist posts on the platform. Advertising on the platform was suspended, and Company X subsequently sued Media Matters, alleging that the Washington-based nonprofit created the report in an effort to “drive advertisers off the platform and destroy Company X.”

During World War II, over 1.1 million people, including Jews, Poles, Roma, Soviet prisoners of war, and homosexuals, were murdered at Auschwitz by the Nazis and their collaborators. In total, around 6 million European Jews lost their lives in the Holocaust, with approximately 7,000 survivors found when the Soviets liberated the camp.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Spotify initiates ‘divestment’ in France in response to new music streaming tax

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Spotify is withdrawing support from two music festivals in protest of a controversial new tax on the French-operated music streaming platform, with further action expected in the coming months. is threatening.

Antoine MoninManaging Director of Spotify in France and Benelux, took me to X This week we will criticize new tax All music streaming services will be subject to a levy of 1.5% to 1.75%, the proceeds of which will be donated to the National Music Center (CNM). Founded in 2020 To support the French music sector.

All major music streaming platforms have joined together to oppose the new law, including Apple, Google’s YouTube, and local company Deezer, but Spotify has been the most vocal.Following last week’s announcement, Spotify the movement said said it was a “real blow to innovation” and was assessing its next move.

The company has now given a first look at what these moves will look like, with Monin saying it will withdraw its support: Francofolie de la Rochelle And that Printemps de Bourges We are supporting the festival starting in 2024 through financial and other on-site resources. “Other announcements will follow in 2024,” Monin added, but did not elaborate on what those measures would be.

Tete a Tetes

It’s worth noting that Spotify has recently gotten into trouble. Tete a tete Negotiations are underway with the Uruguayan government over a new law that promises “fair and equitable” remuneration for all artists involved in recordings. Spotify would have to pay rights holders twice for the same track under this law, Therefore, stop operating in that country. The company then made a 180-degree turn after receiving assurances from the government that music streaming platforms would not be expected to incur any additional costs resulting from the law.

France is different in that it is probably a much larger market for Spotify and an exit is not a viable course of action. And, as Monin hinted last week, that action plan is likely to focus on reallocating resources to other markets.

“Spotify will have the means to absorb this tax, but Spotify will stop investing in France and invest in other markets,” Monnin said. in an interview Last week on France Info. “France does not encourage innovation or investment.”

Source: techcrunch.com