Experts Warn of Rising Vitamin B6 Toxicity in Electrolyte Drinks and Supplements: Essential Insights You Need

Posted on January 29, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Awareness is increasing about the rare but serious side effects associated with high doses of vitamin B6, a nutrient commonly found in various dietary supplements, electrolyte drinks, and fortified foods.

Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, plays a crucial role in multiple bodily functions, such as nerve health, protein metabolism, and blood sugar regulation. This nutrient is vital for brain development, making it especially important during pregnancy and infancy. It is often marketed for its energy-boosting and stress-reducing properties.

Vitamin B6 is naturally present in many foods and is frequently added to instant products, particularly cereals. As indicated by the Office of Dietary Supplements, most multivitamins are formulated with B6.

Jamie Allan, an associate professor of pharmacology and toxicology at Michigan State University, noted that some energy drinks utilize B6 as a caffeine substitute.

“People may be surprised at how prevalent B vitamins are in their diets,” she explains.

This widespread availability contributes to the issue.

Dr. Norman Latoff, a neurologist and director of the Peripheral Neuropathy Clinical Research Center at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York, cautioned that excessive B6 can accumulate in body tissues and lead to nerve damage.

In November, concerns about vitamin B6 poisoning led the Australian Government to impose restrictions on supplements with high levels of this nutrient. By mid-2027, over-the-counter products will be limited to a daily dose of 50 milligrams, with anything above 200mg requiring a prescription.

Despite growing concerns, the popularity of vitamin B6 continues to rise. According to research firm IndustrieArk, the market for this vitamin is projected to surpass $712 million globally by 2030, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 5.8% from 2024 to 2030.

While cases of poisoning remain rare, the number is on the rise. In 2024 alone, 439 cases of vitamin B6 exposure were reported, compared to 369 in 2023, according to the National Toxic Substance Data System.

Joanne Slavin, a registered dietitian and professor of food science and nutrition at the University of Minnesota, expressed that many individuals assume water-soluble vitamins like B6 to be harmless. Unlike fat-soluble vitamins, which are stored in the liver and fatty tissues, water-soluble vitamins are released through urine and need to be consumed regularly.

“It’s essential to understand that vitamins are not inert; they are chemicals,” explains Slavin. “There’s no need to overload your system.”

B6 toxicity might go underreported since symptoms develop gradually, with many consumers unaware of their excessive intake. “It sneaks up on you,” said Latoff, who estimates that 5% to 10% of neuropathy patients at Weill Cornell Center present with elevated B6 levels.

Early symptoms can include occasional numbness in the toes, which might be dismissed, followed by sensations of heat, cold, stinging, or tingling that begin in the feet and may extend upward.

Additional symptoms of B6 toxicity include nerve pain, numbness, imbalance, muscle weakness, fluctuations in blood pressure, fatigue, heartburn, and nausea.

A simple blood test can confirm if your B6 levels exceed safe limits.

“B6 has a wide margin of safety, allowing for significant amounts above the recommended dose,” remarked Allan. “However, excessive consumption of even water can lead to adverse effects.”

Colorado Woman Shares Her ‘Horrifying’ Vitamin B6 Poisoning Experience

Blair Huddy relocated to Colorado from California in 2024 and began using electrolyte drink mixes on advice from others to combat altitude sickness.

Hadi, now 36, took the drink daily, following the instructions to mix one sachet with 16 ounces of water. Each packet contained 1.93 mg of vitamin B6, which is about 110% of the recommended daily value.

She soon began experiencing bewildering symptoms like dizziness, heart palpitations, and adrenaline rushes while continuing her electrolyte routine, clueless about the correlation. By January 2025, she also suffered from allergy-like symptoms and sleep disturbances. It wasn’t until March, after consuming chicken liver for the first time (which is rich in vitamin B6), that she was hospitalized with anaphylaxis and suspected heart complications.

Without prior allergic reactions, the situation baffled doctors.

“It was terrifying. I didn’t understand what was happening to me,” she recounted. “I continued taking the drink mix thinking I was just staying hydrated.”

Following her hospital discharge, Hadi developed peripheral neuropathy and tinnitus.

“I visited the doctor repeatedly, convinced something was seriously wrong,” Hadi explained, expressing feelings of exhaustion and anxiety triggered by these health issues. “I lost jobs and faced challenges at work.”

In May, she urged her doctor to conduct a blood test.

The clinic nurse informed her, “Your vitamin B6 levels are over twice the upper limit. You need to stop all B6 intake immediately.”

What is a Safe Amount of Vitamin B6?

The recommended daily intake for vitamin B6 is 1.3 mg for young adults, 1.5 mg for women over 50, and 1.7 mg for older men.

Foods rich in vitamin B6 include poultry, fish, beef liver, starchy vegetables, and non-citrus fruits. Most individuals receive sufficient B6 from their diet.

In the U.S., the established upper limit for adults is 100 mg. In contrast, the European Food Safety Authority caps it at 12 mg, while Australia sets the limit at 50 mg.

The Council for Responsible Nutrition, which represents supplement manufacturers, regards 100 mg per day as a safe limit for the average healthy individual. However, specific health conditions may necessitate adjusted intake levels.

“The individual’s metabolism and ability to process vitamins influences their needs,” says Wong. “Various other factors can also contribute to the effects you’re experiencing.”

A 2020 study published in Pharmaceutical Nutrition noted that factors such as diet, genetics, and medication use can affect vitamin B6 toxicity, even at recommended levels.

Vitamin B6 may appear on labels as pyridoxine, pyridoxal, or pyridoxamine, indicating its various chemical forms.

“Be sure to monitor the cumulative intake from all sources to ensure you meet your personal needs,” advises Wong.

Vitamin B6 remains in the body for 30 to 40 days. Latoff noted that symptoms should improve once B6 intake ceases, though complete nerve regeneration may not be possible based on the extent of damage.

Hadi attributes her symptoms to the electrolyte drink mix she consumed daily for six months, suspecting her diet also contributed, as she did not take other supplements.

While she is recovering, Hadi still experiences some ringing in her ears and is undergoing physical therapy. She has resumed work and is providing support for individuals dealing with vitamin B6 toxicity.

“I wish I had someone to share that suffering with, and now I can support others experiencing it,” Hadi expressed.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Doctors Warn of Rising Tetanus Cases Due to Declining Vaccination Rates

Posted on December 24, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Health professionals are sounding the alarm over potential rises in tetanus, commonly known as bone-lock. Symptoms may take anywhere from 3 to 21 days to manifest and can include severe muscle spasms leading to breathing difficulties. Once the infection establishes itself, sufferers often experience jaw clenching, resembling a fixed grin, coupled with painful back muscle contractions.

“The effects are alarming,” stated Dr. Mobeen Rathore, Chief of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at the University of Florida Jacksonville School of Medicine.

The bacterium Clostridium tetani is commonly found in soil and fertilizers. Infections can arise from puncture wounds, and the illness can persist for several weeks, complicating treatment.

Treatment is not only challenging but also expensive. A case reported by the CDC highlighted an unvaccinated 6-year-old in Oregon who incurred nearly $1 million in medical expenses due to tetanus in 2019.

Dr. Rasool emphasized the stark difference in costs, likening vaccination expenses to intensive care costs.

“It’s a fraction of a cent compared to hundreds of thousands of dollars,” Rasool remarked. “It’s a hefty price to pay.”

This year, he diagnosed an unvaccinated 9-year-old in Laseau, Florida, who exhibited signs of muscle spasms reminiscent of warnings from his medical school tetanus wards—dark, quiet spaces meant to minimize sensory overload.

“Even minimal noise can provoke seizures in many cases,” Rasool explained.

Light sensitivity, or photophobia, can also lead to painful spasms and airway muscle contractions.

In the bustling ICU, bright lights and alarms limited Rasool’s ability to reduce patient stimulation. The 9-year-old was sedated, intubated, and treated with tetanus immune globulin antibodies alongside vaccination to mitigate future risks.

The child spent a challenging 37 days in the hospital.

“Before widespread immunization, we witnessed increased tetanus cases and a higher mortality rate,” noted Dr. Matthew Davis, Chief Scientific Officer at Nemours Children’s Health.

John Johnson, a vaccination and epidemic prevention expert with Médecins Sans Frontières, operates in regions like the Democratic Republic of Congo, where tetanus remains a pressing concern. In 2022 alone, 540 cases were reported in the DRC according to the World Health Organization.

“This disease is trivially preventable,” Johnson lamented. “One case of tetanus in the U.S. would be a regrettable anomaly; there’s no reason for this illness to reappear.”

“My jaw has completely locked.”

Post childhood vaccination, booster doses are advised every decade for adults, yet many remain unaware of this necessity.

Nikki Arellano, aged 42, hadn’t received a tetanus shot since 2010. After a minor injury while assisting a friend, she began experiencing jaw pain during lunch. Soon, she found herself unable to open her mouth.

“My jaw completely locked shut,” said Arellano from Reno, Nevada. “Despite heavy sedation and pain relief in the emergency room, nothing worked.”

Arellano was diagnosed with tetanus and admitted for IV antibiotics.

“With each episode, I heard a loud beeping response. The muscle contractions felt explosive,” she recounted.

Initially, spasms began in one arm, spreading rapidly. “My back curved painfully,” she shared.

Arellano then struggled to swallow and feared her airway was at risk.

“It was terrifying,” she added.

After nearly a week in the hospital, Arellano continues her recovery process.

Climate Change Heightens Tetanus Risks

Natural disasters like hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods heighten the risks of tetanus outbreaks. Injuries from debris can facilitate bacterial infection.

“As global temperatures rise, the frequency and severity of extreme weather events are increasing,” stated Christy Ebi, an epidemiologist at the University of Washington. “More flooding translates to fewer vaccinations for diseases like tetanus, heightening public vulnerability.”

States severely affected by natural disasters, such as Florida, Texas, and Kansas, have reported significant drops in tetanus vaccination rates, according to NBC News data.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Rising Hopes for Alien Discovery in 2025: What Happened to the Excitement?

Posted on December 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Artist’s Impression of Exoplanet K2-18b

A. Smith/N. Mandusudhan

Artist's impression of K2-18b exoplanet — Artist’s Impression of Exoplanet K2-18b

A. Smith/N. Mandusudhan

The quest for extraterrestrial life intensified this year when scientists detected intriguing signals from exoplanets containing molecules associated with life on Earth. Although subsequent attempts to confirm these findings were unsuccessful, exoplanet researchers believe the resulting discussions provided valuable insights for future alien detection efforts.

In April, Nick Madhusudan and his team at the University of Cambridge announced they observed “the first hints of another world, possibly inhabited.” These signals originated from K2-18b, an exoplanet approximately eight times the mass of Earth and located 124 light-years away within its star’s habitable zone, as observed with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

The infrared radiation emitted by K2-18b suggests its atmosphere may contain dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a molecule known to be produced solely by living organisms, particularly marine phytoplankton, here on Earth.

As expected, this discovery generated significant buzz within both media and the scientific community. However, many researchers advised caution, emphasizing that the DMS signal was weak and required additional observations and rigorous analysis for confirmation.

Now, several months later, most astronomers concur that there is currently no evidence of DMS or any biomolecules in K2-18b’s atmosphere. Should they exist, they remain undetectable. “We only know for certain that methane and carbon dioxide are present in the atmosphere of this planet,” explains Lewis Wellbanks from Arizona State University.

Claims of discovering extraterrestrial life were premature, according to Wellbanks. “It’s been shown repeatedly that this information is inaccurate. New observations indicate that those gases are not present,” he asserted.

Yet, the data spike initially attributed to DMS still requires clarification, says Jake Taylor at Oxford University. “We observed a spike—a physical phenomenon. At this point, we still don’t know what it signifies.”

Identifying the molecules responsible for these spikes requires further exploration planned for the JWST next year. Scientists can only ascertain what’s present in a planet’s atmosphere by analyzing the starlight filtering through it during the planet’s transit across its host star. This occurs four times each Earth year.

Despite the controversy surrounding this discovery, Taylor notes it also fostered positive outcomes. “This has been a significant learning experience for the entire exoplanet community. We are reassessing our definitions and statistical methods, which has been tremendously beneficial,” he states.

“This experience teaches us to calibrate our expectations,” says Wellbanks. “It’s a reminder that relying on data manipulation to validate a claim is challenging. As one wise person noted, there are lies, damned lies, and statistics. This whole DMS saga falls into that category.”

Explore the Mysteries of the Universe in Cheshire, England

Join some of the brightest minds in science for a weekend spent exploring the universe’s mysteries. The program features an exciting tour of the iconic Lovell Telescope.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Rising Tuberculosis Rates: Who Is Most Vulnerable?

Posted on December 3, 2025 by

Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne illness that many deem to be a relic of the past. Yet, after years of decline in high-income nations like the UK and US, TB diagnoses are on the rise.

According to the UK Health and Safety Executive, tuberculosis cases in the UK are projected to increase by 13% in 2024, reaching a total of 5,480 diagnoses.

Although this number is relatively modest compared to other high-burden nations, England remains just below the World Health Organization (WHO) threshold for “low incidence” status, which is defined as 10 cases per 100,000 people.

These statistics, along with similar trends in the US, indicate that our progress has plateaued, hindering our path to TB eradication.

A Wake-Up Call

So, is tuberculosis making a resurgence? In short, it never fully disappeared.

Tuberculosis remains the deadliest infectious disease globally, claiming approximately 1.23 million lives in 2024 alone—more than HIV and malaria combined—and ranks among the top 10 causes of death worldwide.

According to WHO, over 10 million individuals contract tuberculosis each year, with a shocking quarter of these going undiagnosed and untreated. The COVID-19 pandemic has further hampered years of progress in TB control, but it’s only part of the picture.

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, spreading through the air when an infectious person coughs, sneezes, sings, or speaks.

Common symptoms include a persistent cough lasting three weeks or more, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue. While TB commonly affects the lungs, it can impact any organ in the body.

Despite the availability of effective treatments for decades, they remain imperfect. A cure requires months of antibiotics, which can be difficult to access in certain regions. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine offers some protection to young children against severe forms of TB, but it does not reliably prevent the contagious lung disease prevalent in adults.

It’s crucial to note that most individuals who inhale the bacteria do not fall ill. An estimated a quarter of the global population is infected with tuberculosis, with their immune systems keeping it dormant. Latent tuberculosis can be detected through skin and blood tests, and preventive antibiotics are often prescribed to avert progression.

Individuals with weakened immune systems, including those with HIV or diabetes, those undergoing cancer treatments, and those on specific medications for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, are at heightened risk of developing TB.

Tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs but can also impact lymph nodes, bones, brain, kidneys, and spine.

An Unbalanced Burden

Tuberculosis is closely linked to poverty and the living and working conditions of individuals. Factors like overcrowded or poorly ventilated housing, homelessness, low income, malnutrition, smoking, and alcohol dependence can elevate vulnerability to TB.

People in disadvantaged communities tend to be more frequently infected and less often diagnosed early, resulting in generally poorer health outcomes. Social stigma, healthcare system gaps, and misinterpretation of symptoms can also delay treatment.

Consequently, a human-centered model that merges medical care with psychotherapy and financial and social support is increasingly recognized as vital for effectively combating tuberculosis.

While TB impacts individuals of all genders, WHO data indicates that men aged 15 and older carry a disproportionately heavy burden, with an estimated 54% of TB cases in 2024 occurring in men, compared to 35% in women and 11% in children and adolescents.

Men also encounter greater barriers to diagnosis and treatment, with a 45% higher mortality rate after initiating treatment compared to women.

These disparities stem from various factors, including elevated rates of smoking and alcohol consumption among men, as well as occupational hazards and gender norms that deter them from seeking care.

Women and individuals of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities face their own distinct challenges. A gender-sensitive and human-centered approach is crucial for achieving the goal of tuberculosis elimination for everyone.

The WHO’s first rapid diagnostic test for tuberculosis revolutionized detection, offering results in under two hours and identifying rifampicin resistance, one of TB’s most effective treatment drugs.

A Turning Point

The good news is that scientific advancements are leading the fight against tuberculosis to new heights, with quicker diagnoses, shorter treatments, and promising vaccines.

Rapid molecular tests like Xpert MTB/RIF and Truenat can identify tuberculosis and drug resistance within hours instead of weeks. AI-assisted chest X-rays are also enhancing early detection in areas lacking radiologists.

Treatment regimens have become both shorter and safer. Current TB treatments may only take one month, while some drug-sensitive cases require four months, and drug-resistant cases can be treated in six months.

Vaccine research is progressing as well, with candidates like M72/AS01E entering late-stage clinical trials. Although these advancements signify considerable progress, ensuring equitable access for all, especially in low-resource settings, remains a significant challenge.

Research from Liverpool’s Tuberculosis Research Center highlights that stigma, discrimination, poverty, and structural barriers significantly affect the experiences of those living with TB.

Understanding the lived experiences of TB patients, as well as the obstacles and enablers in their treatment trajectories, is essential to ensure that no one is left behind.

For effective human-centered TB care, collaborations between governments, researchers, and affected communities are underway, integrating clinical care with education, mental health support, and financial assistance. Yet, there’s still much more to achieve.

The UK’s recent pledge of £850 million to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria from 2027 to 2029 reaffirms this commitment, contributing to efforts that have reportedly saved 70 million lives since 2002.

However, it is important to note that this pledge reflects a 15% decrease from the previous financial cycle, which adds to the sobering reality of diminishing development funding impacting progress in the fight against tuberculosis.

Reductions in international aid have weakened tuberculosis programs in heavily burdened nations, with repercussions likely to extend beyond borders. Persistent political will and investment in locally relevant, people-centered strategies are crucial to achieving the goal of TB elimination for all.

So, should you be concerned about contracting tuberculosis? If you reside in the UK, generally the answer is no. TB remains rare, and infection risk for most individuals is minimal unless they have had extended, close contact with someone infected.

If your cough persists for over three weeks, particularly when accompanied by symptoms such as fever, weight loss, or night sweats, consult your physician.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Why Are Climate Change Actions Stalled Despite Rising Global Temperatures?

Posted on November 24, 2025 by

Climate change activists march on the sidelines of the COP30 summit in Belém, Brazil

Pablo Porciuncula/AFP via Getty Images

A decade following the Paris Agreement, there should be a significant leap in climate initiatives. Yet, in the past four years, there has been scant advancement, highlighted by the latest COP summit, which did not make substantial progress in phasing out fossil fuels or curbing deforestation. What went wrong?

I cannot provide a clear answer. However, as the planet continues to warm and the consequences become increasingly dire, I fear our responses are leaning toward irrationality instead of rationality. If true, the resulting climate impacts may be far worse, and the decline of our global civilization could become a more plausible scenario than previously imagined.

Let’s revisit the 2015 Paris Agreement. The concept of an international climate accord, wherein each nation would establish its own greenhouse gas emission targets, seemed to me incredibly naive. The ambitious 1.5 degrees Celsius target was a stark shift from prior plans. Advocates claimed progress would be made incrementally through a “ratchet mechanism,” allowing nations to enhance their commitments over time.

I remained skeptical. I left Paris believing this was largely a façade for environmentalism. My expectation was minimal immediate influence but increased action as the consequences of warming became undeniable. In essence, reason would eventuate.

Yet, the opposite has occurred. Based on current policies, the Climate Action Tracker estimated back in 2015 that the world was on course for approximately 3.6°C of warming by 2100. By 2021, that figure was revised to around 2.6°C—a significant improvement, suggesting Paris was making strides.

However, the most recent Climate Action Tracker report prior to the COP30 summit presents grim findings. For four consecutive years, there has been “little or no measurable progress.” The report states, “Global progress remains stagnant.” Although a handful of countries are genuinely advancing, others are stalling or reversing their climate efforts.

Notably, 95% of nations failed to meet this year’s deadline to update targets under the ratchet mechanism.

While the increase in renewable energy generation is surpassing expectations, it’s counterbalanced by substantial funds still being allocated to fossil fuels. Simply harnessing cheap solar energy won’t suffice. The proliferation of solar installations can lead to diminishing returns on profits. Moreover, although producing green electricity is manageable, progress in more challenging sectors like agriculture, aviation, and steel manufacturing remains inadequate.

In addition, the issue is not solely the failure to reduce emissions; we are also ill-equipped to handle what’s coming. We continue constructing cities on sinking land adjacent to rising seas. As noted in an April report, “Adaptation progress is either too slow, stagnant, or misdirected,” a sentiment echoed by the UK’s Climate Change Committee.

The pressing question is why climate action has plateaued without intensification. In some regions, this is strikingly due to political leaders who either disregard climate change as a priority or blatantly deny it, such as seen with the US’s withdrawal from the Paris Agreement.

Even those governments that vocalize climate change as a priority are taking minimal action, often citing more immediate concerns like the cost of living crisis. However, this crisis is intertwined with climate issues, as escalated severe weather patterns fuel rising food prices. As the climate continues to warm, the repercussions on food production and the broader economy will likely intensify.

Will we reach a moment where governments find themselves paralyzed on climate action due to the costs associated with combating rising sea levels inundating metropolises? Will citizens persist in supporting climate change deniers out of fear regarding global conditions, regardless of public opinion? Most individuals worldwide support increased climate action.

The notion that mounting evidence will lead leaders to rectify their course appears ever more naive. We navigate an unusual reality, reminiscent of the CDC’s handling of misinformation, such as the baseless anti-vaccination movements undermining public health even amid measles outbreaks, alongside some politicians suggesting that hurricanes stem from climate manipulation.

As we continue to break temperature records annually, the reality of climate change has never been clearer. But perhaps that’s part of the issue. Philosopher Martha Nussbaum posited that fear can drive detrimental behavior, prompting people to discard rational thought for fleeting pleasure over long-term benefits. Research indicates that environmental stress may lead individuals to act irrationally.

People often leap from perceiving difficulties to declaring imminent doom. No, we are not condemned. However, the longer rational thought is sidelined, the graver the consequences will become. Perhaps what we’re witnessing is merely a transient response linked to the pandemic’s aftermath and the Ukraine war. Alternatively, something more troubling might be unfolding.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Rising Solar Threats Target SpaceX’s Starlink and Other Satellites

Posted on November 3, 2025 by

Starlink satellite paths observed from space

Don Pettit/NASA

The proliferation of satellites in orbit is accelerating rapidly, yet their vulnerability to solar storms remains poorly understood. This issue is expected to intensify.

Since May 2019, SpaceX has deployed over 10,000 satellites as part of its Starlink internet megaconstellation, with approximately 1,000 currently re-entering Earth’s atmosphere at a rate of one or two daily. These satellites form a vast network surrounding the Earth, which suggests that solar and related geomagnetic storms could impact at least some satellites at any given time.

To assess the implications of these storms on Starlink, Kang Eun Joo and researchers at the University of California, Irvine, analyzed publicly available satellite tracking data collected during the solar storm of May 2024.

The findings indicated that during the storm’s peak, Starlink satellites on the sun-facing side experienced an altitude reduction of up to half a kilometer. While this drop is minor compared to their 550-kilometer orbit, it is significant because solar radiation can generate atmospheric drag on the satellites.

Satellites in other locations, particularly those near the Earth’s poles where the magnetic field attracts more solar particles, and those over the South Atlantic Anomaly, where the magnetic field has weakened, also experienced substantial effects.

According to the data reviewed by the research team, an unusual phenomenon occurred among the constellations. “When one satellite descends, neighboring satellites must adjust accordingly,” Kang explained, utilizing onboard ion thrusters to recalibrate the affected satellites. This is necessary since the satellites communicate via line-of-sight lasers to maintain the network, which creates a cascading effect as adjacent satellites follow suit. “It’s like a wave,” remarked Sangeeta Abdu Jyoti, another researcher at UC Irvine.

This could lead to challenges for other satellites maneuvering around the Starlink constellation to prevent collisions. “Unpredictable paths heighten collision risks,” Abdu Jyoti cautioned.

Additional publicly accessible data also reveals the repercussions of solar storms. Some Starlink users utilize an online service called RIPE Atlas to monitor their connection status. By analyzing this information, Kang and her team noted that satellites experienced disruptions and reported network outages during the May 2024 storm. “Packet loss surged immediately,” Kang stated, resulting in data failing to reach its intended targets.

This study emphasizes the challenges faced by satellite constellations such as Starlink, as well as those in development like Amazon’s Project Kuiper and various projects in China, due to solar activity jeopardizing communication and potentially leading to drastic positional changes that could result in collisions with other satellites.

In February 2022, a significant solar storm caused 40 newly launched Starlink satellites to return to the atmosphere, where they incinerated. Recent studies have also indicated that heightened solar activity is accelerating the decline of certain Starlink satellites.

The May 2024 solar storm was roughly three times weaker than the Carrington event of 1859—the strongest solar storm on record. Such records are likely to be repeated, potentially creating significant challenges for satellite operators. “If an exceptionally strong storm occurs, the situation will worsen,” Abdu Jyoti said. “But the extent of that worsening remains uncertain.”

For now, I hope to have adequate preparation time. The May 2024 storm happened at the peak of the sun’s 22-year activity cycle. A powerful storm could strike at any moment, with a higher likelihood expected in the 2040s when solar activity intensifies again. By that time, it’s anticipated that tens of thousands, if not hundreds of thousands, more satellites will be in orbit compared to the current approximate count of 13,000. “The more satellites you have, the greater the issue,” stated Scott Shambaugh, founder of Leonid Space, a US company tracking the impact of space weather on satellites.

“Currently, we lack reliable predictive models to assess how solar storms impact drag over short timescales,” Shambaugh explained. “Consequently, satellites may not be where anticipated for hours or days following a storm.”

Matthew Owens identified another area needing further understanding: substorms—minor fluctuations in the atmosphere caused by solar heating that disproportionately affect satellites in varied orbits, according to researchers from Britain’s University of Reading. “Geomagnetic storms consist of numerous substorms,” he noted, “but these are extraordinarily challenging to forecast.”

Satellite constellations like Starlink provide a unique perspective on this activity, effectively serving as a massive research network in orbit around Earth. “These satellites may very well be our first data probes for analyzing local variations in atmospheric drag,” Abdu Jyoti concluded.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Rising Atmospheric Hydrogen: A Potential Climate Concern

Posted on September 19, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Hydrogen can indirectly warm the atmosphere

axa/esa

Hydrogen levels in the atmosphere have surged by 60% since the pre-industrial era, underscoring the significant influence of fossil fuel use on the Earth’s atmospheric makeup. While hydrogen itself isn’t a greenhouse gas, it contributes to warming indirectly through its interactions with other substances.

The research findings stem from the first comprehensive long-term observations of atmospheric hydrogen, which are derived from ice core data collected in Greenland in 2024. “Ice core records are incredible,” notes Alex Archibald from Cambridge University.

Being a small and lightweight molecule, hydrogen tends to escape into the atmosphere easily, often leaking from the ice core before it is analyzed in the lab.

To tackle this issue, John Patterson from the University of California, Irvine, and his team examined the ice core samples right after extraction. “We took our equipment out onto the ice. As soon as we extracted the samples, we cleaned and sealed them in a melted chamber for analysis,” he explains.

This approach enabled the researchers to establish a long-term record of atmospheric hydrogen stretching back 1,100 years, marking a significant improvement over previous records that reached only 100 years, largely based on observational data and snowfall analyses. “It’s quite an impressive feat logistically. We’re excited to share these findings,” remarks David Stevenson from the University of Edinburgh, UK.

The study discovered that hydrogen concentrations have risen from roughly 280 parts per billion in the early 19th century to around 530 parts per billion today. According to Patterson, this is not surprising given the rapid increase in fossil fuel usage since the pre-industrial period—when fossil fuels or biomass burn, hydrogen is released as a by-product.

Patterson and his team merged data from ice core records with modeling efforts to illustrate the fluctuations in hydrogen levels over the millennium. “Our data reveals changes in atmospheric composition, but the reasons behind these changes remain unclear,” says Patterson. “We aim to utilize biogeochemical models to investigate these variations.”

Ice cores can reveal historical hydrogen levels in the atmosphere

John Patterson

For instance, evidence from ice cores indicates that atmospheric hydrogen levels dipped by 16% during the so-called Little Ice Age, a cold period from the 16th to the 19th century. The decrease in wildfire emissions during this time does not completely account for the notable drop in hydrogen concentrations, according to Patterson. “This suggests that natural hydrogen biogeochemistry is adapting to climate change in ways we still don’t fully comprehend. This unexpected finding could be significant for future scenarios, indicating that atmospheric hydrogen levels might be more sensitive to climate fluctuations than previously believed,” Patterson cautions.

In the atmosphere, hydrogen competes with methane and engages with hydroxyl radicals, which play a crucial role in eliminating methane from the atmosphere, a potent greenhouse gas. “As hydrogen levels rise, the amount of hydroxyl available to react with methane decreases,” explains Patterson, potentially enhancing methane’s warming effect. “Currently, hydrogen constitutes about half of the total in the atmosphere, contributing approximately 2% to the overall anthropogenic warming effect according to our best estimates.”

Gaining a deeper understanding of the hydrogen cycle is essential to assess whether the widespread adoption of hydrogen fuels, as a transition away from fossil fuels, might lead to unanticipated consequences. For instance, a sudden spike in atmospheric hydrogen could magnify the warming impact of methane. Methane emissions have consistently risen since 2007, influenced by fossil fuel production, agriculture, and warming that releases stored methane from wetlands and permafrost.

“Methane is a significant factor causing us to hesitate in endorsing a hydrogen economy, as it inevitably leads to hydrogen leaks into the atmosphere,” emphasizes Archibald. “If hydrogen escapes into the atmosphere, it worsens the methane issue.”

It might spark discussion over the cautious use of hydrogen, especially if renewable energy cannot sufficiently replace fossil fuels, according to Archibald. Nonetheless, Patterson and other experts highlight that the warming effects from increased hydrogen use are expected to be minimal compared to the considerable warming impact of fossil fuels. “We don’t want to discourage people from pursuing hydrogen energy, as it’s a much cleaner option than its fossil fuel counterparts,” emphasizes Patterson.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Addressing Rising Childhood Obesity: Strategies Beyond Nutritional Deficiency

Posted on September 12, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Ultra-processed foods might contribute to the growing obesity epidemic in children

UNICEF/UN0846048/Florence Gou

For the first time, a significant number of children worldwide are experiencing obesity rather than malnutrition. This trend signifies a critical shift in childhood nutrition. While many strategies exist to combat hunger, few address obesity specifically.

“Despite years of attempts to prevent obesity, particularly in children and adolescents, we are not achieving satisfactory outcomes,” notes Andrea Richardson from RAND, a California-based nonprofit research organization.

A new report by Harriet Torres from UNICEF Belgium and her team utilized data from a comprehensive study to evaluate the nutritional status of children aged 5 to 19. This initiative, called the Collaboration of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors, encompasses over 160 countries and territories, representing more than 90% of the global child population.

The findings indicate that global childhood obesity rates have nearly tripled since 2000, with around 9.4% of children classified as obese versus 9.2% who are undernourished. This marks a significant moment, as obesity now outnumbers nutritional deficiencies in children.

Most troubling is the sharp increase in obesity rates in low- and middle-income nations. “Over 80% of children facing overweight and obesity globally are from these regions,” highlighting that this is no longer merely a high-income issue; it’s a pervasive global concern.

This situation necessitates that governments and organizations rethink their strategies regarding childhood malnutrition. “We are observing not just nutritional deficiencies but all forms of malnutrition,” asserts Shivani Ghosh from Cornell University, New York. Unfortunately, effective methods to combat obesity are still lacking, unlike those available for hunger.

The UNICEF report criticizes the prevalence of ultra-processed foods in contributing to rising obesity rates among youth. These foods, made using industrial processes, typically contain additives and preservatives and are high in fats, sugars, and salts. Common examples include packaged snacks, candies, chips, and sodas. The report claims that ultra-processed foods contribute to at least half of the calorie intake for children in Australia, Canada, the U.S., and U.K., and about a third in some low- and middle-income countries such as Argentina and Mexico.

Numerous studies indicate that ultra-processed foods correlate positively with obesity rates. However, the policies aimed at reducing their consumption have seldom led to significant declines in obesity.

For instance, Mexico was the first country to impose a tax on certain high-calorie foods and sugar-sweetened drinks in 2014. Following this, sales for these items decreased, particularly among lower-income families. Adolescent obesity rates experienced only minimal change, notably impacting only teenage girls, similar to the outcome in the U.K. after a tax was levied on sugary drinks in 2018.

Conversely, Chile has implemented some of the strictest regulations regarding ultra-processed products. In 2016, it limited marketing for these foods and mandated warning labels for those high in calories, salt, saturated fats, and sugars. As a result, obesity rates among children aged 4-6 decreased by 1-3 percentage points within a year. However, the figures reverted to baseline by 2018, and in 2019, obesity rates in 14-year-olds rose by 2 percentage points, underlining the ineffectiveness of these measures.

Torless provides a different perspective, stating, “No single intervention is sufficient. Some countries are imposing soda taxes, others are labeling foods. While these efforts are commendable, a comprehensive, multi-faceted approach is essential for meaningful change.”

Thus, the report advocates for policies that enhance the availability and affordability of nutritious food, including grants and school meal programs. Furthermore, it highlights the critical role of nutritional education and poverty alleviation. “The same factors contributing to undernutrition parallel those causing overnutrition,” Richardson elaborates. “These issues stem from unsafe drinking water, lack of financial resources, and inadequate access to nutritious food.”

No nation has fully adopted all of UNICEF’s recommendations, leaving the question of their effectiveness in reducing obesity unanswered. “The underlying assumption is an increased consumption of unhealthy foods correlating with rising overweight and obesity rates,” remarks Ghosh. “This could partially explain the trends we’re seeing.”

However, other factors may also play a role, including stress, pollution, and even genetic factors.

“This truly needs to be seen as a major public health crisis,” concludes Richardson. “Our children are our future, and they deserve to be healthy. If they are not thriving, our future looks bleak.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Scientists Risk Losing Crucial Tools for Studying Melting Antarctic Ice Sheets Amid Rising Climate Threats

Posted on September 1, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The decommissioning of Palmer has played a significant role in contributing to sea level rise, particularly as certain regions of Antarctica face limited access, raising concerns among scientists regarding potential ice sheet collapses.

In a statement to NBC News, the National Science Foundation (NSF) announced plans to streamline resources by consolidating McMurdo, Amunsense Cott South Paul, and Palmer Station, with the goal of maintaining three research stations operating throughout the year in Antarctica.

A spokesperson for the U.S. Antarctic Program (USAP) mentioned that they aim to “maintain an active and influential presence in Antarctica while facilitating cutting-edge research in biology and glaciology.”

The NSF was the first to propose the termination of the lease this spring, following the Trump administration’s proposed budget cuts of 55%. Scientists expressed their disappointment that Congress initiated the process of abolishing the ship before finalizing its budget.

“Oceanologist Karos Moffat, an associate professor at the University of Delaware, discussed the budgets that have made advancements in both Senate and House appropriations committees.

The NSF is exploring alternative vessels to take on some of Palmer’s responsibilities and plans to return the vessel to its owner, Edison Chowest, a marine transport company based in Louisiana.

In 2024, the NSF finalized the charter of another Antarctic vessel, RV Laurence M. Gould, which has been upgraded to operate in sea ice, rather than utilizing icebreakers. This reduces the options available for enhancing research in polar oceanography and supporting Palmer Station, an annual base on the Antarctic Peninsula that previously depended on two ships.

The NSF mentioned on Friday that there are “alternatives” available to support and resupply Palmer Station, including commercial options.

Measuring 308 feet, the Palmer, named after a 19th-century seal captain, commenced its service in 1992, exploring various regions of Antarctica. The vessel accommodates approximately 22 crew members and can host around 45 scientists.

No other U.S. research vessels can fulfill all the missions that this polar icebreaker is designed for. The vessel is crucial for studying Antarctic ecology, the Southern Ocean carbon cycle, and monitoring the rate at which ice shelves recede and melt, ultimately influencing sea level rise.

Julia S. Werner of the University of Houston, second from the right, friend of Nathaniel B. Palmer.Courtesy Julia S. Werner

While satellites offer valuable data on the dynamics of ice sheet growth and reduction, the primary research on these changes relies on subsurface measurements.

Without such data, U.S. scientists will lack critical insights into the major ice sheets of the Southern Ocean, which are key to predicting future flooding risks in U.S. coastal cities. For instance, researchers highlight that other U.S. vessels are not suitable for safely accessing the notorious Swaitonga glacier, often referred to as the “end of the Apocalyptic Glacier.”

Researchers frequently describe the West Ku as a cork for a bottle that could rapidly drain the West Antarctic ice sheet, serving as a protective barrier against its collapse into the Amundsen Sea. This could result in a sea level rise exceeding 10 feet over a span of hundreds of thousands of years.

By the year 2100, the likelihood of such a collapse could elevate sea levels significantly beyond the 1-3 feet previously anticipated, as indicated in recent reports by the Intergovernmental Panel.

This disintegration could also alter ocean circulation patterns, affecting how quickly the ocean absorbs carbon, which remains an active area of research. Several studies suggest that current Earth temperatures may have surpassed the threshold for collapse, although further investigation is necessary.

Current shifts in mass and stability are influenced by factors occurring hundreds or thousands of feet beneath the water’s surface, necessitating optimal access through robotic instruments.

“To grasp the drastic changes occurring, it’s essential to be at the edge of the ice where it interacts with the ocean,” Werner explained. “And that’s precisely what this boat allows us to do.”

Scientists typically travel to Palmer every two years, using the data collected over the course of a month or more to advance their laboratory research.

The information gathered aboard the vessel is invaluable, enabling scientists to study ice comprehensively for over a decade, adding vital icebreakers to the U.S. science fleet and alleviating the longstanding backlog of researchers seeking fieldwork opportunities at Palmer.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

The Rising Threat of Carnivorous Bacteria in Florida and Louisiana

Posted on August 8, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The number of fatalities linked to “carnivorous” bacteria is increasing along the southeast coast of the US. Five individuals in Florida, Four in Louisiana, and One in the Outer Banks have succumbed this year to infections that can lead to necrotic wounds.

The culprit, the bacterium Vibrio vulnificus, thrives in warm seawater. According to the state health department, Florida has reported 16 cases so far this year. Louisiana has reported 17 cases, exceeding last year’s average. North Carolina has recorded seven incidents, confirmed by its Department of Health and Human Services, while Mississippi has filed three lawsuits this year, as per the state’s health department.

The initial fatalities in Florida were documented in Bay County along the Gulf Coast, as well as Hillsboro County and regions in Broward and St. John’s Counties, located just south of Jacksonville in southeastern Florida.

Bacteria can enter the body through skin wounds, resulting in tissue necrosis. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vibrio vulnificus can also be contracted via the consumption of contaminated food, particularly raw oysters. The exact means of infection for those in Florida remains unclear.

As reported by the CDC, approximately one in five individuals infected with Vibrio vulnificus will die.

Antalpreet Jutt, a professor of engineering at the University of Florida, noted that while infections are still relatively rare, “something feels off this year.” Nevertheless, he mentioned the uncertainty around the reasons behind the spike in infections.

“This is definitely not normal,” Jutt expressed. “We haven’t encountered this many cases early in the summer in quite some time.”

Jutt explained that cases of Vibrio vulnificus tend to rise following hurricanes. Last year, Florida registered a total of 82 cases, potentially worsened by an “extremely active” hurricane season when bacteria can persist in floodwaters.

“This year, it seems there are a higher number of pathogens than usual,” he remarked.

The current hurricane season is still projected to be above average as the US enters its peak period, as reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Jutt’s research group is examining why there are elevated concentrations of plankton and chlorophyll (indicators of Vibrio) throughout the Florida panhandle, which he describes as a concerning trend.

What is Vibrio vulnificus?

Rita Colwell, a microbiology professor at the University of Maryland, states that Vibrio vulnificus is one of over 200 species of Vibrio bacteria.

Most Vibrio infections are not harmful to humans, according to Jutt. Some may only impact marine life.

However, Vibrio bacteria are responsible for around 80,000 infections annually, as reported by the Cleveland Clinic. The majority of these cases are gastrointestinal, with only 100-200 cases arising from Vibrio vulnificus. Other Vibrio species, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus, are more commonly associated with stomach illnesses, while another, Vibrio cholerae, is known to cause cholera.

Vibrio bacteria are primarily found along the southeastern coast of the United States, favoring warmer waters, but are also present on the west coast. With rising sea temperatures, cases have increasingly been reported further north, including areas in New York, Connecticut, and parts of Maryland, Jutt noted.

Who is at risk?

Dr. Norman Beatty, an infectious disease specialist at the University of Florida Health, mentioned that spending time in salty or brackish waters can lead to Vibrio bacteria infiltrating open wounds. Most cases he has encountered are associated with extended exposure to the water, though even short contact can be sufficient.

Visible symptoms of infection can develop within hours, including redness, swelling, and the formation of “bull” blisters. This site can become painful. If the infection progresses, it may enter the bloodstream, potentially leading to sepsis, which can be fatal. According to the CDC, symptoms of sepsis include fever, chills, and dangerously low blood pressure.

Jutt mentioned that individuals with cirrhosis, weakened immune systems, and those over 65 are particularly vulnerable to infections.

Infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus can be treated with antibiotics.

How to prevent Vibrio infection

Beatty advises covering any open wounds before entering the ocean, noting that even waterproof band-aids can be effective.

Individuals who suspect they have an infection should seek immediate medical attention, Beatty cautioned. Delays can significantly increase the risk of severe complications compared to milder cases.

“Late presentations to healthcare are why many individuals suffer more serious consequences than others,” he stated. “Those who seek treatment shortly after the onset of symptoms, and are given antibiotics promptly, are likely to fare better and avoid severe complications.”

Source: www.nbcnews.com

How Drought and Rising Sea Levels Influence One Another

Posted on July 26, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Recent studies indicate that elevated temperatures have led to increased groundwater infiltration, exacerbating drought conditions and accelerating evaporation, thereby significantly decreasing the availability of freshwater.

The concept of “continental aridity” reallocates oceanic water to an extent, outpacing the melting of ice sheets as the primary factor contributing to global sea level rise, according to the research.

Loss of land water can severely affect access to safe drinking water and the ability to cultivate crops in some of the most fertile agricultural areas worldwide.

“We consume a significant amount of water for food production,” stated Jay Famiglietti, a professor at Arizona State University’s School of Sustainability and one of the study’s authors. “If conditions remain unaltered, we anticipate that this will influence food security and overall water availability.”

The findings should be viewed as a primary concern by the public, resource managers, and global decision-makers, the researchers asserted. Research indicates that the identified trends convey a profoundly concerning message regarding the past effects of climate change.

“The continent is becoming drier, freshwater sustainability is diminishing, and the pace of sea level rise is accelerating,” the authors noted.

Published on Friday in the Advances in Journal Science, the study examines shifts in terrestrial water sources, including lakes, subterranean aquifers, and soil moisture over the last two decades. The researchers discovered that various elements, notably climate change, are disrupting Earth’s natural water cycle and complicating its flow between land, oceans, and the atmosphere.

Utilizing data from four NASA satellite suites, researchers analyzed terrestrial water storage modifications over the past 22 years. The satellites are specifically designed to monitor Earth’s water movement, including variations in ice sheets, glaciers, and underground reserves.

For instance, researchers found that arid regions of the world have been rapidly drying since 2014, with these drought-impacted areas expanding annually by regions twice the size of California.

In certain instances, areas experiencing drought have grown into large interconnected “megadry” spaces, as indicated by the research. One such vicinity encompasses Central America, Mexico, California, the southwestern United States, the lower Colorado River basin, and segments of the Southern Plateau.

“The essential takeaway here is that water is indeed a crucial factor influencing changes observed on both land and at sea,” remarked Benjamin Hamlington, a research scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, who was part of the science team facilitating decades of data used in this new investigation.

The study revealed that all major land masses, except Greenland and Antarctica, have witnessed unprecedented dryness since 2002.

This widespread continental aridity is anticipated to have significant ramifications for humanity, with researchers noting that three-quarters of the global population resides in nations where freshwater resources are diminishing.

Simultaneously, rising oceans threaten coastal areas globally, decreasing habitability and increasing vulnerabilities to extreme storms and flooding. In the U.S., severe weather has contributed to insurance crises in coastal cities prone to these extreme events.

The correlation between sea level rise and the depletion of groundwater is a consequence of disrupting the planet’s water cycle. Many of these changes, such as excessive groundwater extraction, are regarded as permanent and could remain irreversible for millennia, according to Alexander Sims, a professor in the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

“When water is extracted from the land, the only viable destination is the ocean,” he explained. “This water then enters the atmosphere, with 88% eventually returning as precipitation on Earth, leading back to the ocean.”

Sims acknowledged that while the study is significant for estimating the global scale of water losses, he harbors doubts about the assertion that these continental water losses outweigh ice sheet melting as the primary contributor to sea level rise.

However, Hamlington emphasized that this study illustrates how the movement of water around the Earth generates substantial ripple effects. It also suggests that further groundwater depletion could diminish freshwater supplies further and exacerbate drought conditions, with implications for the future.

“Monitoring terrestrial water storage is a crucial piece of the puzzle,” he added. “Understanding where that water is moving will aid us in predicting future droughts, floods, and the availability of water resources.”

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Rising Demand for AI May Increase Electricity Bills in the US, Even with Caution

Posted on July 18, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Even speculative AI energy consumption can raise electricity bills

Oscar Wong/Getty Images

The technological aspirations of high-tech firms are set to necessitate a substantial increase in power-hungry data centers. This rising demand poses a risk of higher electricity bills for everyone, even if some data centers remain unbuilt.

Utility companies in the U.S. are hastily constructing additional power plants, transmission lines, and gas pipelines to accommodate the swiftly increasing energy demands of data centers. U.S. housing costs have surged nearly 30% since 2021—outpacing inflation—according to a report by Powerlines, a nonprofit organization focused on utility regulations in the U.S. Over the past two years, electricity bills nationwide have increased by $10 billion each year.

A new report published by the Southern Environmental Law Center, a Virginia-based environmental nonprofit, highlights that it might overestimate the demand stemming from speculative data center projects. Developers frequently submit overlapping requests for electrical services across multiple regions for each project before settling on a single location.

“If the anticipated load from the data center isn’t fully realized—all indications and frankly, common sense at this point indicate that. Rate payers will ultimately bear the economic burden of unnecessary and underused gas and electricity infrastructures,” says Megan Gibson of the Southern Environmental Law Center.

Former executives from firms such as Google and Meta admit that the practice of securing redundant data center power is typical, as outlined in the report. “Tech executives are candidly voicing concerns,” Gibson mentions. New Scientist reached out to Amazon, Google, Meta, and Microsoft regarding their data center development plans, but received no additional comments.

Considering all U.S. data center projects announced between 2025 and 2030, the inflated estimates stand out even more. Collectively, they are projected to consume 90% of the global chip supply—despite the fact that the U.S. currently makes up less than 50% of global chip demand. “It’s uncommon for the entirety of the world’s chip supply to cater to this specific segment in the U.S.,” notes Marie Ng Fagan from London Economics International, a global consulting firm based in the U.S. and Canada.

To ease the burden on regular bill payers, “states should mandate utilities to forge contracts with potential data center customers that allocate this risk to the data center itself,” advises Ali Pescoe from Harvard Law School, a consultant for Powerlines.

Some state governments are already taking action. On July 9th, the Ohio Regulatory Authority issued an order that mandates large data center customers of Ohio’s largest utility company to pay at least 85% of their subscribed power load, even if their actual consumption falls short. Similarly, officials in Georgia are grappling with a rule designed to prevent data center growth from imposing burdens on other bill payers.

“The data center industry is dedicated to bearing the full costs of services for energy used, including transmission fees,” asserts Aaron Tingjum from the Data Centers Union, a Virginia-based trade association. “It’s crucial to guarantee fair electricity bills for all customers.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Rising Rates of Gastrointestinal Cancer Among Individuals Under 50

Posted on July 17, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Rising Rates of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Young Adults

Gastrointestinal cancers, which encompass colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers, are increasingly prevalent among young adults, though the reasons remain largely unclear. The potential causes warrant further investigation, according to experts. A review published in JAMA on Thursday highlights that gastrointestinal cancer has become the fastest-growing cancer among adults under 50 in the United States.

This review offers one of the most comprehensive overviews of gastrointestinal cancer trends, synthesizing data from a major international cancer database alongside 115 studies published from January 2014 to March 2025. The authors stress the importance of adhering to colorectal cancer screening guidelines. They recommend that individuals at average risk begin screening—typically through colonoscopy or stool tests—at age 45. As screening for pancreatic, stomach, and esophageal cancers remains infrequent in the U.S., the authors are exploring innovative ways to broaden screening access.

“This underscores the necessity of improving screening and early detection,” stated Dr. Kimmie Ng, co-author and director of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute’s Young Onset Colorectal Cancer Center.

According to the findings, colorectal cancer is the most frequently diagnosed early-onset gastrointestinal cancer, with approximately 185,000 cases worldwide in 2022, including nearly 21,000 in the U.S. This reflects a 2% annual increase since 2011, as reported by the American Cancer Society. “This is unprecedented in this age group, and we are witnessing a significant rise among individuals in their 20s, 30s, and 40s,” commented Dr. John Marshall, chief medical consultant for the nonprofit Colorectal Cancer Alliance, which was not involved in the study. A notable case is actor Chadwick Boseman, who was diagnosed with colon cancer in 2016 and passed away at age 43 four years later.

Emerging research indicates a rise in early-onset cases of pancreatic, stomach, and esophageal cancers as well. Previous studies suggest that the incidence of these gastrointestinal cancers is disproportionately higher among Black and Hispanic populations. Pancreatic cancer, known for its high mortality rate, shows that only 13% of patients survive five years post-diagnosis. Although colorectal cancer is the most common, healthcare providers possess a better understanding of the factors contributing to early-onset cases compared to other cancers.

“Understanding the dynamics of colorectal cancer has given us insights into its initiation,” noted Dr. Scott Kopetz, a professor of gastrointestinal medical oncology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. He posited that multiple factors likely contribute to the increase in early-onset cases. “There isn’t one overarching theory,” he said.

The recent review in JAMA suggests that lifestyle factors such as obesity, sedentary behavior, inadequate nutrition, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption are largely associated with early-onset gastrointestinal cancers. A specific study highlighted that women who consumed more sugary beverages during puberty faced a heightened risk of developing early-onset colorectal cancer. “The behaviors and exposures during childhood and adolescence likely contribute to the cancer risks seen in young adults,” remarked Dr. Ng.

Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has raised concerns about the correlation between sugary drinks and health issues, including cancer. Recently, President Donald Trump announced that Coca-Cola would switch to cane sugar instead of U.S. corn syrup; however, the company did not confirm this change to NBC News.

Dr. Marshall speculated that the uptick in early-onset colorectal cancer may be linked to shifts in gut microbiota. Factors such as diet, antibiotic usage, microplastics, and chemical exposures could impact these bacteria, yet scientists lack a clear understanding of what constitutes a healthy microbiome and its implications for health. This area is ripe for research.

The review by Dr. Ng found that between 15% and 30% of individuals with early-onset gastrointestinal cancer carry hereditary genetic mutations, indicating a propensity to develop cancer earlier. She advocates for genetic testing for all patients diagnosed under 50.

Despite improvements in treatment and screening that have boosted overall survival rates for gastrointestinal cancer, the review indicates that younger patients often experience poorer outcomes. This trend persists despite receiving more comprehensive treatment, including surgeries, radiation, and aggressive chemotherapy regimens. One reason cited is that primary care physicians may overlook symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation, heartburn, and reflux in younger patients, delaying diagnosis.

“In my experience, when young individuals present with non-specific symptoms, there tends to be a lack of consideration for colorectal or other gastrointestinal cancers, leading to more advanced-stage diagnoses,” said Dr. Howard Hochster, director of gastrointestinal oncology at Rutgers Cancer Institute and RWJBarnabas Health. However, Dr. Ng pointed out that younger patients still display worse survival rates, even when accounting for the stage of diagnosis. “This leads us to contemplate whether cancers that arise in younger individuals might possess unique biological characteristics that render them more aggressive or less responsive to treatment,” she concluded.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Google’s Emissions Projected to Increase 51% Due to Rising AI Electricity Demands

Posted on June 27, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Since 2019, Google’s carbon emissions have surged by 51%, with artificial intelligence proving to be a hindrance to tech firms’ sustainability initiatives.

While companies are pouring resources into renewable energy and carbon capture technologies, they struggle to manage emissions in Range 3, which originates further down the supply chain and is significantly influenced by the expanding data center capabilities required for artificial intelligence.

The company noted a 27% year-on-year increase as it grapples with decarbonization amidst rising energy demands.

Data centers are crucial for training and operating AI models like Google’s Gemini and OpenAI’s GPT-4. The International Energy Agency projects that the total electricity consumption of data centers could reach double the level from 2022, with Japan’s electricity demand expected to hit 1,000 TWh (terawatt hours) by 2026. AI accounts for 4.5% of global energy production, according to estimates from Semianalysis for the year 2030.

The report expresses concerns that the rapid advancement of AI may trigger “nonlinear growth in energy demand,” complicating predictions for future energy requirements and emissions trajectories.

Additionally, Google pointed out the slow progress in new low-carbon power generation technologies. Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), which are compact nuclear power plants designed for quick deployment to support the grid, are seen as a promising solution to lower the carbon footprint of data centers. Areas hosting numerous data centers could benefit from one or more SMRs to significantly cut down their electricity-related carbon emissions.

Google’s data center is situated in Grange Castle near Dublin. In 2022, Ireland’s energy grid operators halted the expansion of new data centers in Dublin until 2028. Photo: Patrick Bolger/Guardian

According to the report, the development of these technologies is lagging behind schedule. “The main obstacle is the slow rollout of large-scale carbon-free energy technologies, making it highly challenging to reach goals by 2030.

It further indicated that Scope 3 emissions pose a “challenge,” with Google’s total ambitions representing 11.5 million tons of CO2 equivalent, marking an 11% year-on-year rise since 2019, equating to a 51% increase. This is primarily driven by heightened emissions from the supply chain, with Scope 3 emissions surging by 22% in 2024.

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Google has made significant strides in acquiring clean energy, signing over 170 contracts for more than 22 gigawatts since 2010. In 2024, 25 of these contracts added 2.5GW of fresh clean energy to its operations, marking a record year in clean energy transactions with an agreement totaling 8GW.

The company has also achieved one of its environmental goals ahead of schedule by eliminating plastic packaging. Google announced that all new products launched and produced in 2024 will be entirely plastic-free. This goal was initially set for the end of 2025.

The report adds that AI may offer a “net positive potential” for the climate, with aspirations that emissions reductions facilitated by AI applications will outweigh the emissions generated by AI itself, including the energy used by data centers.

Google envisions aiding individuals, cities, and other partners in collectively lowering carbon equivalent emissions by 2030 through AI-powered products. These innovations can enhance energy usage predictions, reduce waste, and optimize solar panel placement to maximize energy generation.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Lawmakers Claim Apple and Google are Capitalizing on Rising Phone Theft | Crime

Posted on June 3, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Lawmakers have accused Apple and Google of benefiting from millions of pounds linked to mobile phone theft operations that police claim are orchestrated by organized crime networks in the UK, Algeria, and China.

In London alone, 80,000 mobile devices were stolen in 2024, marking a significant increase from 64,000 in 2023—an uptick of a quarter. The total street value of these devices is estimated to be around £20 million, with iPhones constituting the majority of the thefts.

During a session of the House of Representatives’ Science and Technology Committee on Tuesday, the Metropolitan Police indicated that smartphone manufacturers should actively work to diminish the resale value of stolen devices. They noted that companies are starting to prevent stolen phones from accessing cloud services, which could help in this regard.

However, despite calls for action since 2023, the companies have yet to respond positively, commented Darren Scates, the Metropolitan Police’s chief officer for digital data and technology.

“We’ve observed significant community impact,” remarked Martin Wrigley, a liberal Democrat on the committee. “[The companies] should implement this immediately, without excuses.”

When questioned about their inaction, representatives from the companies highlighted existing security features aimed at protecting customer data.

Simon Wingrove, Google’s software engineering manager, asserted that their system is “robust and highly effective.”

Gary Davis, Apple’s senior director of regulatory affairs, acknowledged that account disconnection due to fraud poses a challenge, as it can delete accounts that unauthorized users wish to regain access to.

Kit Malthouse, a Conservative former police minister, suggested that Apple has a strong commercial incentive to maintain the status quo, stating that the £50 million loss from stolen phones in London each year favors their business model.

He also proposed that Apple may be profiting from providing services to a vast number of users who own stolen mobile phones worldwide.

In response, Davis asserted: “We do not profit from this situation. We must reject the notion that users can somehow gain from the distress of having their phones stolen. We have invested hundreds of millions to ensure user protections.”

The Metropolitan Police reported a 15% decline in all types of thefts during April and May, with roughly two-thirds of mobile phone thefts decreasing. Commander James Conway cautioned that this is a “tentative reduction,” attributing it to enhanced police focus on mobile theft and user safety. Scotland Yard recently acquired a fleet of high-speed electric bikes to pursue thieves more effectively.

Conway noted that theft and robbery are “easy crimes to commit” in London, citing how young adults can use high-powered e-bikes to swiftly package stolen phones in silver foil or Faraday bags to evade detection, then transfer them to mid-market resellers.

The majority of stolen phones are high-end Apple models, with police estimating that such devices are sold on the streets for between £300 and £400. The trade is driven by the relatively high costs of phone usage in low-income regions. Over 90% of stolen mobile phones are reused, while the remainder is dismantled for parts, with screens being particularly valuable.

The hearing began as Malthouse witnessed an attempted phone theft by two masked individuals on a bike while en route to Congress on Tuesday morning.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Global Temperatures Could Be Rising Beyond Our Expectations

Posted on June 2, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Global warming is increasing the frequency and severity of wildfires

Noah Burger/Associated Press/Alamy

SEI 253671672 — Global warming is increasing the frequency and severity of wildfires

Noah Burger/Associated Press/Alamy

Recent data indicates that global temperatures are 6% higher than earlier estimates, meaning our planet is experiencing more warming than previously thought.

This trend puts us at risk of surpassing the Paris Agreement’s temperature threshold of keeping global warming below 1.5°C by as early as 2028, rather than the anticipated timeframe of 2030-2035. This is a frequent topic among scientists.

2024 marked the first calendar year where global average temperatures exceeded 1.5°C, following unprecedented warmth that caught climate experts off guard. Although this alone does not breach the Paris Agreement target, it raises concerns over a sustained temperature rise occurring faster than anticipated.

To assess our progress, Gottfried Kirchengast and Moritz Pichler from the University of Graz in Austria utilized the global temperature dataset to revise estimates of global average surface temperature (GMST) from 1850 to 2024. GMST is crucial in measuring global warming, as per the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

The duo also devised a new method for converting GMST, which combines sea surface temperatures and air temperatures, into a single surface air temperature (GSAT).

“Our benchmark records maximize traditional temperature datasets and yield this new enhancement,” Kirchengast notes. This refines the range of uncertainty and demonstrates that global warming is slightly accelerating compared to prior methods, indicating an approach toward the critical 1.5°C mark.

Kirchengast emphasizes that this refined GSAT record is vital for evaluating global efforts toward the Paris Agreement’s objectives. The goal was to establish “a unified reference dataset for global warming in relation to pre-industrial levels,” he elaborates.

Under the Paris Agreement of 2015, nations collectively pledged to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels while striving to restrict the temperature increase to 1.5°C.

These objectives are typically assessed against 20-year average temperatures, yet researchers disagree on the optimal calculations. Rather than relying solely on historical observations, we recommend using rolling averages derived from a mix of observational data and forecasts due to the increased number of scientists valuing a 10-year delay in evaluating non-compliance with any given target.

Kirchengast and Pichler propose employing novel benchmark GSAT records along with predictive climate models to provide real-time global warming metrics in relation to progress toward Paris targets. Their findings indicate that current warming levels have surpassed 1.39°C compared to pre-industrial benchmarks.

However, Duochan from the University of Southampton in the UK argues that GSAT records are not the best metric for determining the rate of global warming. “The GSAT is not the primary metric utilized in IPCC discussions or most climate target evaluations,” he remarks.

On the other hand, GMST continues to correlate with various changes in the climate system, such as sea level rise and alterations in precipitation, he notes. “For rigorous accountability, GMST remains a highly effective metric,” he argues.

Andrew Jarvis from Lancaster University in the UK emphasizes the urgent need for the scientific community to reach a consensus on a standardized method for measuring progress toward Paris objectives. “The diverse range of estimates is actually complicating policy assessments,” he contends.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Clownfish Will Endure and Adapt to Rising Ocean Temperatures

Posted on May 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

To endure Rising ocean temperatures, clownfish adapt by decreasing their size.

Research has shown that various orange-striped fish shrink during heat waves off the coast of Papua New Guinea. These smaller fish are more likely to survive.

Climate change is causing heat waves to become more frequent and severe underwater. Elevated water temperatures can lead to the bleaching of the sea anemones that clownfish rely on, prompting them to adapt in order to survive.

During the severe heat wave of 2023, scientists tracked 134 colorful clownfish in Kimbe Bay, discovering that 101 of them exhibited significant reductions in length due to heat stress.

“We were genuinely surprised at first when we observed them shrinking completely,” remarked Morgan Bennett Smith, a research author at Boston University. The findings were published on Wednesday in the Journal of Science Advances.

Two clowns next to an anemone in Kimbe Bay off the coast of Papua New Guinea.
Morgan Bennett Smith / AP

Researchers are still unsure about how clownfish shrink, but one theory suggests they may be reabsorbing their own bone material. Smaller fish need less food, allowing Kakulfish to conserve energy during stressful conditions by becoming smaller.

Certain clownfish breeding pairs also exhibited synchronized contractions that improved their survival. The females maintained the social hierarchy and adjusted their size to remain larger than their partners, according to the researchers.

Additionally, other species are also shrinking in response to heat. For instance, marine iguanas reduce in size during El Niño events, which warm waters in the Galapagos. However, this coping mechanism has not been reported in reef fish until now.

“This is an additional strategy that fish employ to adapt to a changing environment,” said Simon Thorold, a marine ecologist at the Woods Hole Marine Facility who was not part of the research.

A kakuru fish next to anemone in Kimbe Bay off the coast of Papua New Guinea.
Morgan Bennett Smith / AP

This strategy may help fish withstand heat waves in the short term, but it remains uncertain how they will cope if such conditions persist over the coming years, Thorold noted.

The researchers found that these reductions in size were temporary. Clownfish were able to “catch up” and grow again once the environment became less stressful.

“These natural systems are severely stressed, but they exhibit remarkable resilience,” Versteeg states.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

As Key Atlantic Currents Decelerate, US East Coast Confronts Rising Sea Levels

Posted on May 16, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

AMOC is a system of ocean currents that circulates water in the Atlantic Ocean.

NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio

The decline in significant Atlantic currents is contributing to flooding linked to rising sea levels in the northeastern United States, which are already affected by climate change. As global temperatures increase, a total collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) could exacerbate sea level rise.

“If AMOC collapses, this will greatly increase flood frequency along the US coastline, independent of major storms,” states Liping Chan from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in New Jersey. “Even a partial reduction in current strength can have significant consequences.”

The warm waters melting ice sheets and rising sea levels are influenced by climate change, which leads to uneven rates of sea level rise across different regions. For instance, some coastal areas have subsided, increasing the relative rate of sea level rise there. Local sea levels are also affected by the circulation of heat, water, and salt in the ocean, with warm, fresh water occupying more volume than cold, salty water.

Over the past few decades, sea levels along the northeastern US coast have risen 3-4 times faster than the global average. The slowing of AMOC—responsible for transporting warm water from lower latitudes to the North Atlantic, where it cools and sinks—has long been considered a potential cause of this phenomenon. As this circulation weakens, warm deep water expands, pushing more water onto the shallow continental shelf.

AMOC strength varies naturally over different timescales, and climate change has contributed to its slowdown as the North Atlantic and its waters have become warmer and clearer in recent decades. However, it remained uncertain whether this decrease significantly affected sea levels.

Chang and her team utilized tidal gauge measurements from the New England coast to reconstruct local sea levels dating back over a century. Alongside a steady rise due to climate change, they identified significant fluctuations between low and high sea levels every few decades. Low sea levels correlated with periods of weak AMOC, while high sea levels were also aligned with these intervals, which brought more frequent coastal flooding.

The researchers then employed two distinct ocean models to quantify the impact of AMOC intensity variations on local sea levels. While the primary driver of change was the steady rise due to climate change, they discovered that weakened AMOCs significantly increased sea-level-related flooding. In multiple coastal regions, they noted that the slowdown in AMOC has contributed to delaying flooding by 20-50% since 2005.

Given that the natural cycle of AMOC strength is largely predictable, Zhang asserts that these findings enable researchers to forecast potential flooding events up to three years in advance. This foresight can guide long-term infrastructure planning and emergency preparedness.

“This highlights the critical role of AMOC in [sea level rise],” remarks Chris Hughes, who was not involved in the research, from the University of Liverpool in the UK. “It’s not merely theoretical; it’s evident in the real world.”

It remains unclear how much of the recent AMOC weakening is attributable to climate change versus natural variability. Nevertheless, the findings bolster predictions that if AMOC were to completely collapse due to climate change, significant portions of the US East Coast could experience a surge in sea levels.

Hughes warns that if AMOC nearly collapses, sea levels could rise by around 24 centimeters. “While it may not seem dramatic, even a small increase can have a substantial effect.”

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Internal Departments Are Declining in Influence While Extraction Is Rising

Posted on May 14, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The Trump administration is suggesting a significant reevaluation of how public lands across the U.S. are utilized and managed, based on an Interior Department document released in late April. This draft strategic plan outlines objectives for the next five years, focusing on maximizing economic benefits through resource extraction, such as oil and gas, while minimizing emphasis on conservation.

“This serves as a roadmap for industrializing public land,” stated Taylor McKinnon of the Center for Biodiversity. McKinnon expressed skepticism regarding the administration’s ability to achieve these goals, signaling potential lawsuits from his organization and others.

Many ambitious proposals are being floated that are specific to Washington, DC, and are unlikely to materialize. However, Donald J. Trump is commencing his second presidential term with determined momentum, reshaping federal agencies at a speed previously unseen.

“I am fully committed to implementing the directives of Project 2025,” remarked Jacob Malcolm, who recently led the Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Policy Analysis. Project 2025, a 900-page document published by the Heritage Foundation in 2023, acts as a guiding framework for various policies, including those regarding public land. Much of the section related to the Department of the Interior was authored by William Perry Pendley, a conservative activist.

Among the numerous objectives highlighted in the strategic plan released on April 22, coinciding with Earth Day, “Restoring America’s Prosperity” is a focal point. To realize this goal, the Department of the Interior aims to “open Alaska and other federal lands for mineral extraction,” “boost revenues from grazing, timber, precious minerals, gravel, and other non-energy resources,” and “enhance production of clean coal, oil, and gas with expedited permitting processes.”

The newsletter discussing public domain initiatives first reported this documentation. In a statement via email, a spokesperson for the Interior Department criticized the leak, which seemingly prepares environmental groups, including McKinnon, for legal challenges. The statement labeled the leak as “unacceptable” and claimed it is “irresponsible for media outlets to publish draft documents.” They assured that the leak of internal pre-decision documents would be taken “very seriously,” and an investigation would follow, although no further details were provided by the department’s media office.

The plan does touch upon more conventional goals, such as enhancing “resilience against natural disasters,” improving infrastructure like dams and bridges, and promoting recreation, particularly hunting and fishing. However, the overarching outlook reflected in the 23-page document aligns with long-held Republican views that regard federal land protection as overly burdensome and intrusive—beliefs that gained traction during the late 1970s and the early Reagan administration. After the Sagebrush Rebels began advocating for privatization over conservation, these ideas became more mainstream. (Pendley identifies himself under the handle @sagebrush_rebel on social media, with an avatar featuring Ronald Reagan in western attire.)

“The strategic plan clearly prioritizes the extraction and sale of public land,” stated Aaron H. Weiss, Deputy Director of the Western Priority Center, a nonpartisan nonprofit advocating land protection. “Conservation, protection, recreation, and tribal responsibilities are all deprioritized.” (The Department of Interior sometimes overlaps with “all other departments,” such as the National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Bureau, and Bureau of Indian Affairs.)

A significant component of the 2030 plan is already rolling out. Interior Secretary Doug Burgham is moving forward to expedite environmental review processes necessary for approving mines, wells, pipelines, and other industrial infrastructure. Recently, the Trump administration greenlit the construction of homes on federal land. Pendley previously led the Bureau of Land Management during Trump’s first term. Moreover, on May 2, Burgham announced the opening of 87,000 acres managed by his department. for enhanced hunting and fishing opportunities.

Burgham’s strategic plan also includes a provision suggesting the return of federal lands to the states, termed policy diving. As Weiss pointed out, “History teaches us that states often lack the resources to manage such lands, resulting in closures, sales, and increasing privatization. This is the ultimate endgame.”

Still, the vision laid out by the new Home Office may only be partially realized, particularly as courts continue to halt central components of Trump’s agenda. “Much of what they’re doing seems to be illegal,” Dr. Malcolm articulated, referencing the large-scale layoffs instituted by the Trump administration in the Department of the Interior and legal challenges to renewable energy projects. Nevertheless, this document starkly indicates how modern GOPs have significantly diverged from Theodore D. Roosevelt’s legacy of protecting public lands.

Mr. Roosevelt was responsible for implementing the Antiquities Act of 1906, which empowers the president to protect lands of cultural or historical significance. Subsequent Democratic presidents, including Bill Clinton, Barack Obama, and Joe R. Biden Jr., have utilized this legislation, often leading to accusations of executive overreach from conservative critics.

Burgham’s strategic plan suggests implementing “right-sized monuments,” referring particularly to the Bears Ears and Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monuments, which were both downsized during his initial term. While Biden reinstated those changes in 2021, there remains the possibility of additional reductions for these or other monuments.

Additional proposals contemplate restoring historic names, potentially reassigning Native American names, like Denali, Mountain Alaska, back to Mount McKinley. The department also seeks to revoke behavioral protections for certain endangered species and eliminate “unnecessary” electric vehicle policies.

Overall, the vision presented by Burgham sharply contrasts with the 2022-2026 Strategic Plan released by the Biden administration, which emphasized objectives related to “climate change,” “environmental management,” and “environmental justice.” The Biden-era plan celebrated initiatives for diversity, equity, and inclusion—concepts actively dismissed by the Trump administration.

In one of his first actions upon returning to the White House, Trump declared a “national energy emergency.” This move comes in response to the Interior Department’s stated intent to expedite the permitting process for new oil and gas leases.

Experts, however, argue that no such crisis exists. According to the Energy Information Administration, the United States is currently the “world’s largest producer of crude oil and natural gas.” Moreover, with the increasing affordability of renewable energy options, supporting the opening of federal land to excavation appears to lack justification. “We’ve witnessed significant advancements globally,” commented Mark Squilas, a natural resource expert at the University of Colorado Law School in Boulder, who also described claims of a national energy emergency as “absurd.”

Dr. Scrice raised concerns regarding the limited opportunities available for public input on the strategic plans set to be finalized by October. “This essentially circumvents the comprehensive engagement process,” he remarked. “This is not a genuinely thorough process.”

Mary Joe Rugwell, who leads the Public Land Foundation, previously served as the state director of Wyoming’s Bureau of Land Management. She noted that land use policies oscillate between ideological extremes, often leading to legal disputes.

“They’re bound to face lawsuits,” she stated regarding the Trump administration. “And the thing is, once litigation starts, progress comes to a halt; all that arises is a barrage of legal counsel.”

Source: www.nytimes.com

Rising Legal Challenges for the New “Climate Superfund” Legislation

Posted on May 3, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Last year, Vermont achieved a historic milestone by enacting the nation’s first climate superfund law, aimed at enabling the recovery of funds from fossil fuel companies to manage the escalating expenses associated with climate change.

This depends, however, on whether we can prevail against the mounting legal challenges.

Recently, the Department of Justice initiated a federal lawsuit, with Vermont being one of the states, alongside New York, to adopt the Climate Superfund Act. The lawsuit argues the measure is “a bold effort to seize federal authority” and forces others to subsidize state infrastructure expenditures.

Shortly after, West Virginia Attorney General John B. McCauskey announced he was spearheading another challenge against Vermont’s law, claiming it “encroaches upon American coal, oil, and natural gas producers.”

McCauskey had previously filed a similar lawsuit against New York, seeking $75 billion from oil and gas companies over the next 25 years. On Thursday, he warned that the Vermont version could be “even more perilous” as it lacks a financial cap.

He, along with 23 other attorneys, is joining the lawsuit filed late last year by the American Petroleum Research Institute, an affiliate of the US Chamber of Commerce and the Federal Court of Vermont.

West Virginia is a significant source of natural gas and coal, and the complaint asserts that fossil fuel companies operate legally. It argues that “Vermont enjoys affordable and reliable fuels while simultaneously punishing those who produce such energy.”

The Climate Superfund Act is patterned after the federal Superfund program, which aims to clean up hazardous waste sites. This program has been operational for decades, ensuring that businesses contributing to contamination help finance the cleanup.

The new climate superfund law stems from the understanding that the burning of fossil fuels—which generates carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases—is a primary driver of climate change. Consequently, the law permits states to pursue funding from fossil fuel producers to mitigate the costs of global warming. Similar legislative initiatives are gaining traction in states like California, New Jersey, and Massachusetts.

Patrick Derprue, an expert in environmental law in Vermont, characterized the Justice Department’s case as “a display of virtue signaling” and anticipates a dismissal. He expects the state will argue that the Chamber of Commerce’s lawsuit is premature, given that officials are still determining how the law will be applied and are not directly implicated.

Julie Moore, the secretary of the Vermont Natural Resources Agency, indicated her involvement in both filings and stated her office is reviewing the specifics. She noted that the Justice Department’s actions were “not unforeseen” in light of President Trump’s April 8 executive order, which aims to “protect America’s energy from federal overreach.”

This order explicitly mentions the new laws in Vermont and New York, deeming them threats to national economic and security interests.

Letitia James, the New York Attorney General, who is named in the DOJ lawsuit, stated that the Climate Superfund Act “will ensure that those responsible for the climate crisis contribute to remedying the damages they have inflicted.”

Meghan Greenfield, an environmental attorney with prior experience at the DOJ and the Environmental Protection Agency, now a partner at Jenner & Block, remarked that legal conflicts regarding such new laws are inevitable. Some arguments relevant to these measures are novel and untested, revolving around the concept of “equal sovereignty” between states, which posits that states should be equitably treated by the federal government.

“We are navigating complex legal landscapes, with new types of laws and challenges emerging, making predictions difficult,” she noted.

She also expressed anticipation for further confrontations regarding more conventional state climate regulations, particularly those in New York and California.

Source: www.nytimes.com

New Study Challenges RFK Jr.’s Assertion of Rising Severe Autism Cases

Posted on April 30, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

This month, Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. shared the government’s latest findings on autism, presenting a stark and controversial viewpoint.

The notion that severe autism symptoms are on the rise lacks scientific backing. In fact, a recent study presented at the International Association for Research on Autism in Seattle indicates that the percentage of autism cases characterized by moderate to severe symptoms remained relatively stable from 2000 to 2016.

In recent weeks, Kennedy has consistently described autism as an “explosion,” attributing it to an increase in serious cases of intellectual disability.

“This trend is unprecedented. It raises alarms about community dynamics,” he told Fox News earlier this month. “This is effectively invalidating these children for their entire lives.”

Kennedy’s claims have drawn criticism from parents, advocates, and health professionals who argue that he represents a limited data set to generalize the autism spectrum.

According to a recent report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one in 31 children receives an autism diagnosis by age eight, though it did not distinguish between mild and severe cases.

During the briefing on April 16, Kennedy estimated that a quarter of diagnosed children were non-verbal or required assistance with toileting. A previous CDC study indicated that nearly 27% of individuals with autism are non-verbal or have an IQ below 50. Many researchers, however, suggest that the actual rates may be lower.

Autism is a spectrum disorder, meaning it encompasses a range of symptoms, from mild to more pronounced, influencing how individuals socialize, communicate, learn, and behave.

A new study released this week highlighted that only mild cases increased between 2000 and 2016.

This study analyzed data from the CDC’s Autism and Developmental Disorder Surveillance Network, tracking autism cases across the United States. The researchers assessed adaptive test scores (evaluating children’s social, communication, and daily living skills) in contrast to IQ scores that indicate intellectual disability to determine case severity.

Co-author Maureen Durkin, a professor of population health sciences at Wisconsin-Madison, stated:

David Mandel, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania, noted that he wasn’t involved in the analysis but remarked that adaptive scores were intended to capture severe cases like those described by Kennedy. Compared to IQ scores, adaptive scores better reflect how children with autism function in real life, including their ability to interact with others, manage self-care, and use the toilet independently.

The analysis indicated that in 2016, 1.2 out of every 1,000 children were diagnosed with moderate to severe autism, while mild cases surged by 139% in the same period, from 1.5 out of 1,000 in 2000.

“The rise is primarily among children without severe disabilities, and it would be beneficial for the current HHS secretary to be aware of that,” said Marianne Burton, a clinical professor of psychological science at the University of Connecticut.

The Department of Health and Human Services did not respond to requests for comment.

One potential reason for the increase in mild cases is improved identification by healthcare professionals. Developmental screening became increasingly common during the study period, and in 2006, the American Academy of Pediatrics began recommending universal autism screenings.

Additionally, the diagnostic criteria for autism were revised in 2013 to include mild cases, such as those previously classified as Asperger’s syndrome.

“We’re witnessing a significant expansion of diagnostic criteria that now encompasses individuals who wouldn’t have qualified for an autism diagnosis 50 years ago,” Mandel explained.

Dr. Alex Collebzon, clinical director of the Seaver Autism Center at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, mentioned the analysis relied on health and educational records, potentially including children with mild symptoms who may not have undergone direct diagnostic assessments.

“Assessing this cohort, I believe they are likely quite confident in their diagnosis, but we are not observing an increase in prevalence,” he stated.

Kennedy rejects the notion that the rise is due to improved diagnostic practices, suggesting that only a “small fraction” of the increase in cases can be attributed to this.

“The media has perpetuated myths in this industry, promoting the idea that autism is more prevalent simply because we are identifying more cases,” he told Fox News host Sean Hannity this month.

Instead, Kennedy unfoundedly claims that environmental toxins are the primary drivers behind increasing cases and has tasked CDC scientists with identifying the source by September.

Kolevzon acknowledged that environmental factors could exacerbate underlying genetic risks for autism, but existing research has yet to pinpoint any specific causative agents.

“We are unlikely to uncover widespread environmental factors that would fully explain the rising prevalence,” he concluded.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Ex-CIA Agent Seizing Opportunity in Rising European Military Investment

Posted on April 14, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

During a recent 24-hour swing through Copenhagen, Eric Thlesinger, a former CIA executive turned venture capitalist, met with a Maritime Drone engineer and advisor to NATO. He also had dinner with a senior UK intelligence official in London and visited the Arctic to study techniques for extreme climates.

Mr. Thlesinger’s packed schedule reflects his shift from CIA work to focusing on European defense and national security technology. He has become a sought-after investor in defense startups, supporting eight companies with negotiations underway for several more.

“This is all happening at Warp Speed,” Slesinger commented on his rapid career transformation.

In response to President Trump’s questioning of transatlantic relations, European governments are planning significant investments in defense technology. This has sparked a race among engineers, entrepreneurs, and investors to capitalize on the boom in defense startups.

Mr. Thlesinger’s move to Europe four years ago foresaw the need for increased defense spending as US protection was no longer guaranteed. His venture capital firm, 201 Ventures, is now investing in European startups focused on defense technology.

His first investments include companies in maritime drones, manufacturing technology, artificial intelligence, and polar vehicles.

Recognizing Europe’s need to catch up in defense technology, Mr. Thlesinger’s 201 Ventures received support from the NATO Innovation Fund. His national security experience is valuable in identifying companies with the capabilities to win government contracts.

Slesinger’s unconventional path from CIA engineer to venture capitalist reflects his vision for reshaping Europe’s defense industry. His investments aim to bridge the technology gap and prepare for future military transformations.

With geopolitical shifts and heightened security concerns, European countries are reevaluating their defense capabilities. Mr. Thlesinger’s European Defense Investor Network is at the forefront of connecting investors and entrepreneurs in this rapidly evolving landscape.

Thlesinger’s global travels and investments reflect his commitment to advancing European defense technology. From the Arctic to Switzerland, he explores cutting-edge technologies and potential partnerships.

Following calls for increased military spending in Europe, Slesinger anticipates a surge in demand for defense startups. The Munich Security Conference highlighted the shifting alliances and the need for European countries to rely less on the US for security.

As questions persist about his CIA background, Mr. Thlesinger remains focused on his mission to support innovation in European defense technology.

Source: www.nytimes.com

Rising Weight: Climate Change Muffles Storms and Rainfall

Posted on April 9, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The heavy storm system that floods the central and southeastern US with heavy rain and winds fits a wider pattern as rainfall has increased over the eastern US half has increased in recent decades.

Data from the National Maritime and Atmospheric Administration from 1991 to 2020 show that on average the eastern part of the country received more rain, on average, than in the 20th century. At the same time, precipitation decreased in the west.

The sharp East-West division is consistent with predictions from climate scientists who expect wet areas to be wet, with dry areas becoming dry as the world warms.

Without further analysis, individual storms cannot be linked to climate change, but warming the air will result in greater rainfall. This is because warm air has the ability to retain more moisture than cooler air, and has the potential to be fueled due to overall average precipitation, and more intense storms.

The world’s temperatures are increasing year by year, driven by the combustion of fossil fuels that send greenhouse gases that warm the planets into the atmosphere. According to a recent report, the 10 people have been the hottest recordkeeping for nearly 200 years. World Weather Organization.

“When there are these very heavy rain events, trends refer to the heavy trends of these intense events,” said Deanna, an associate professor of climate and atmospheric sciences at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign University.

Severe flooding could be an indirect effect of warming air and increased moisture, according to Gerald Brotzge, a Kentucky national climate scientist and director of the Kentucky Climate Center. If conditions stall a storm system, it can cause heavy rain in the same area, increasing the risk of flooding.

This is what happened when the storm recently stagnated in the region. “I think it’s a once-at-a-time event based on the amount and area covered,” Brotzge said.

Mark Jarvis, a meteorologist at the National Weather Service office in Louisville, Kentucky, described the storm as two. It brought tornadoes, strong winds and hail to the front end, then stalled and dropped historic amounts of rainfall. Western Kentucky, who saw some of the most serious effects of the storm, “it was in the eyes of the bull,” he said.

Heavy rain and flooding are common in Ohio Valley in late winter and early spring, but the system is as common as it is “very rare” for rain. “That’s what you normally see in hurricanes and tropical systems,” he said..

Storm damage is constantly happening, but the possibility that climate change is increasing them is Observed weather trendstherefore Mr.

She said that even in the western half of the United States, which is generally dry, the coming precipitation tends to drop at more extreme levels.

She called it “very eye-opening,” adding, “it’s not particularly comfortable to think we have more of this.”

Source: www.nytimes.com

University graduates facing increasing layoffs and rising unemployment rates

Posted on March 25, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

When Starbucks announced last month it was firing more than 1,000 corporate employees, it highlighted a disturbing trend for white-collar workers. Slow wage growth.

It also fueled that long-standing discussion of economists. Is recent unemployment just a temporary development? Or will they inform something more ominous and irreversible?

After sitting below 4% for more than two years, the overall unemployment rate since May has surpassed that threshold.

Economists say the job market remains strong by historical standards, and much of the recent weakening appears to be linked to the economic impact of the pandemic. Companies actively hired amid a surge in demand and moved to layoffs after the Federal Reserve began to raise interest rates. Many of these companies are trying to make their businesses more lean under investor pressure.

But amid the rapid advances in artificial intelligence and President Trump’s federal targets, it disproportionately supports white-collar jobs, which some thinks it has begun a permanent decline in knowledge work.

Karltannenbaum, chief economist at Northern Trust, said: “I tell people that there are waves.”

To date, few industries have typical shifts over the last few years than creating video games. The boom began in 2020 Couch-bound Americans searched for a new form of home entertainment. The industry reversed the course and actively hired it before embarking on a period of layoffs. Thousands of video game workers lost their jobs last year and the previous year.

The scale of unemployment is Game Developers Choice AwardsThe industry’s annual awards show complained about the “record layoffs” during the 2024 opening monologue. The unionization trend that began with low-wage quality assurance testers that same year has spread to better-paid workers, such as game producers, designers, engineers, and more, of companies making hit games. fall out and World of Warcraft.

At Bethesda Game Studios, owned by Microsoft and creating fallout, workers said they had unionized some because they felt the union would leverage in the soft labor market, as they were wary of rounds of company layoffs in 2023 and 2024.

“It was the first time Bethesda had experienced a layoff in such a long time,” said Taylor Welling, a studio producer who earned a master’s degree in interactive entertainment. “It scared so many people,” Microsoft declined to comment.

unemployment Finance and related industrieswhile still low, it increased by about a quarter from 2022 to 2024. The rise in interest rates slowed demand for mortgages, and businesses were trying to lean more. In Revenue Call Last summer, Wells Fargo’s chief executive noted that the company’s “efficiency initiative” had pruned its workforce over 16 quarters, including a cut in nearly 50% of workers in the company’s home lending sector since 2023.

Last fall, Wells Fargo fired about a quarter of the approximately 45 employees of the Behavioral Management Intake Team, which confirms accusations of corporate misconduct against customers and employees. Heather Rolfs, The let go of lawyer said she believes the company is trying to save money by reducing the US workforce, and she and her colleagues believe it is an attractive target as they have recently tried to put in on the union.

“I think it’s great to get rid of two birds with one stone,” Rolfs said. Some of her former colleagues say they are worriedly waiting every Tuesday after payday. “We feel we can be fired at any time,” he said. Eden Davis, Another worker on the team.

A spokesman for Wells Fargo said in a statement that the layoffs have nothing to do with the union, saying “we will regularly review and adjust staffing levels to suit the market situation.” He said two managers on the team also lost their jobs.

Atif Rafiq, author of a book on corporate strategy in senior positions at McDonald and Amazon, said many companies are trying to emulate Amazon’s model of building teams that go beyond capabilities to reduce barriers between workers with different expertise, such as coding and marketing. In the process, they may discover redundancy and take on layoffs.

CEO Brian Nicole in a memo announcing the layoffs at Starbucks last month I quoted the goal “Delete layers and replicas and create smaller, more agile teams.” Nissan provided similar evidence for management reductions announcement this month.

Overall, the latest data from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York show Unemployment rates among university graduates have risen by 30% (2% to 2.6%) since falling from the bottom in September 2022, compared to about 18% (3.4% to 4%) for all workers. An analysis by Julia Pollack, Chief Economist at Zippleck Crutter, shows that unemployment rates are the highest among those with bachelor’s or university degrees, but do not have a degree.

Employment rates were slower for jobs that require university degrees than for other jobs. According to ADP Researchresearching the labor market.

Some economists say these trends are inherently short-term and may have little concern for themselves. Lawrence Katz, a labor economist at Harvard University, noted that the increase in unemployment rates among college-educated workers was slightly greater than the overall increase in unemployment rates, and unemployment rates for both groups remained low due to historic measures.

Professor Katz argued that slowing wage growth for middle-class workers could simply reflect the discounts that these workers effectively accepted in exchange for being able to work from home. Data from the Institute of Liberal Economic Policy Wages for workers in the 70th and 80th percentiles of income distribution have shown that since 2019 they have grown more slowly than wages in other groups.

However, there are other indications that returns on university degrees may have changed over time. Wage gap between people with university degrees and those without one It has grown steadily It started in 1980, but has been flattened over the past 15 years, but it remains high.

Flattening may partially reflect the fact that as university attendance increases, there are more college-educated workers that employers can choose. However, some economists Make a claim What it reflects Reduced Employer Needs For university graduates, for example, information technology is more sophisticated, which means fewer jobs like bookkeeping. Such jobs do not necessarily require a university degree, but they were often appealing to graduates.

Artificial intelligence can also reduce the need for it by increasing the automation of white-collar jobs. recently Academic Paper Software developers using AI coding assistants have improved their key measures of productivity by over 25%, and found that productivity gains appear to be the biggest among the most experienced developers. The results suggested that employing AI could reduce the wage premium enjoyed by more experienced coders as it erodes productivity benefits over beginners.

Mert Demirer, a MIT economist who co-authored the paper, said in an interview that the work of software developers could change over the long term, making human coders a type of project manager overseeing multiple AI assistants. In that case, wages could rise as humans become more productive. Also, if cheaper software leads to even greater demand, AI will expand employment among coders.

Still, at least in the short term, many tech executives and their investors seem to see AI as a way to trim staffing. Software engineers at large tech companies said they refused to be named for fear of harming their job prospects. His team was about half of last year, and he and his colleagues said they were expected to do roughly the same amount of work by relying on AI assistants. Overall, Unemployment rate In the technology and related industries, it jumped more than half from 2022 to 2024, from 2.9% to 4.4%.

Then there was Trump’s attempt to remake the federal government. This has so far resulted in job losses and employment freezes for federal employees and employees of universities and other nonprofits that rely on government funds. Johns Hopkins University, which relies heavily on funding for federal research, announced this month that it has abandoned 2,000 workers around the world as a result of Trump’s cuts.

Professor Katz at Harvard University noted that the majority of university-educated workers relied on the federal government over other groups, either directly or through nonprofit funding. “What appears to be a major contraction in science and research, education and government spending could potentially have a very large impact,” he said.

“The overall unemployment rate among university graduates does not seem to be particularly rising,” he added. “But that could be in the next six months.”

Source: www.nytimes.com

Carbon emissions are rising at a quicker rate than pre-pandemic levels

Posted on October 24, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

Greenhouse gas emissions are still on the rise

Weisen Hayashi/Getty Images

As the world emerges from lockdowns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries are seeking climate-friendly solutions as recovery efforts are expected to accelerate global progress towards net-zero emissions. He promised to rebuild the economy. In fact, the opposite is happening.

Instead of a “green recovery”, global greenhouse gas emissions are now increasing at a much faster pace than in the decade before the global pandemic. Emissions increased by 1.3 percent in 2023, reaching 57.1 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. This is a much faster annual growth rate than the decade from 2010 to 2019, when emissions increased by an average of 0.8 percent per year. In fact, global greenhouse gas emissions are currently just below the peak of 59.1 gigatonnes recorded in 2019.

According to one report, all sources of greenhouse gas emissions except land use are increasing. report Support from the United Nations Global Environment Program (UNEP) as the economy continues to recover from COVID-19. Emissions from road transport, leaks from oil and gas infrastructure such as pipelines, and industrial emissions all rose rapidly in 2023, with emissions from aviation increasing by 19.5%, according to UNEP.

Rising emissions mean the world’s opportunities to avoid catastrophic climate change are shrinking. inger anderson UNEP said in a statement. “The climate crisis is here,” she said. “I ask all citizens, please stop the heat.”

Since 2015, countries have jointly pledged to limit global warming to as close to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels as possible, but current national targets are far from meeting that goal. Given countries’ current commitments, the world is on track for 2.6°C to 2.8°C of warming, and this situation will remain largely unchanged from 2022.

Countries are expected to submit new national climate plans by February ahead of the COP30 climate conference in Brazil in November. Plans must spell out in detail how countries will reduce emissions between now and 2035.

Mr Anderson said it was important for countries to develop bolder plans to reduce emissions and they needed to start now. He added that while the 1.5°C target is still technically achievable, it is becoming increasingly likely to be achieved. “Even if global temperatures rise above 1.5°C, and the possibility of that happening increases every day, we must continue to strive for a net-zero, sustainable and prosperous world. “No,” Anderson said.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

The Rising Height of Mount Everest: An Exploration of Why the World’s Tallest Mountain Continues to Grow

Posted on October 1, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

Standing at an impressive height of 29,032 feet, Mount Everest surpasses the nearby Himalayas by several hundred feet.

Scientists have discovered that the world’s highest mountain is still growing, attributed in part to the merging of two nearby river systems tens of thousands of years ago.

Researchers found that Everest rose between approximately 50 feet and 160 feet due to this merging, as detailed in a study published in Nature Geoscience.

“Even a seemingly permanent landform like Mount Everest can be continuously changed by various geological forces,” said Dai, a geoscientist from the China University of Geosciences in Beijing and co-author of the study, in an email to NBC News.

The Himalayas, including Everest, have been steadily increasing in height since the collision of the Indian subcontinent and the lower Eurasian plates around 45 million years ago.

A significant event occurred about 89,000 years ago when the Kosi River overtook the Arun River, leading to substantial erosion of rock and soil from the Himalayan foothills nearly 80 miles from Everest.

Through a geological process known as isostatic rebound, erosion reduced the weight of the area, allowing for the uplift of the Earth’s crust.

Scientists estimate that this rebound is causing Everest to grow at a rate of 0.16 to 0.53 millimeters per year, accounting for half of its annual uplift rate.

Research suggests that this phenomenon may explain why Mount Everest is unusually tall compared to its neighboring peaks.

Professor Dai noted that the role of isostatic rebound associated with river capture and erosion in Everest’s elevation adds a novel aspect to the study of mountain formation.

“These findings, while not completely revolutionary, are certainly surprising and could prompt a reevaluation of current models of the formation and evolution of the Himalayas,” Dai commented.

The study also emphasizes the interconnectedness of the Earth’s systems, where changes in one region can have significant impacts on others,” he added.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Readers Discuss the Uphill Battle to Preserve Physical Media in the Face of Rising Rental Space Costs

Posted on March 28, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

‘Necessary due to space constraints‘

In my family, we have developed a habit of ordering affordable DVDs whenever we discover a show or movie that we know we want to watch again (which is a trick in itself!).

Towards the end of 2020, when I relocated to a new apartment in another area of Seattle, I ended up disposing of a trash bag full of VHS tapes. While it was inevitable due to spatial constraints, I had a strong feeling that I might regret it. A sudden shift in the TV landscape where channels started charging viewers for access to old content (from Jaws to Airplanes to classic dramas) literally overnight caught us off guard. We hadn’t anticipated such a rapid change. mountain aspect

‘In the end, it will become a future landfill site.‘

I enjoy the concept of having a DVD collection and perusing its shelves like a rental store.

However, I can’t shake off the realization that most of the valuable possessions we accumulate will eventually end up in future landfills, left for future generations to grapple with. I am also keenly aware that at some point, I will either have to take on the responsibility of disposing of and redistributing my various interests, or pass the task on to a close relative. In that sense, the thought of owning even a modest DVD collection extensive enough to cover all bases fills me with dread. I think of my grandparents and the boxes they amassed over their lifetimes, destined for disposal in the dump, their parents’ attic, or the charity shop. TypeON negative

‘There’s a significant disparity in quality…‘

I may be considered a Luddite, but I’m not particularly captivated by this trend of streaming.

I recently watched a movie on Disney+. Newer movies often exhibit overly dark visuals (a complaint echoed by several acquaintances). Older films are frequently displayed in incorrect proportions or feature subpar soundtracks. My son has recently subscribed to Prime Video mainly for the TV shows but has yet to explore the movie offerings. For some reason, I harbor doubts about being able to find the movie I wish to watch.

Fortunately, we still have a local HMV store. Nothing beats the experience of strolling there, browsing around for an hour or so, and selecting a Blu-ray. The disparity in quality between watching movies via streaming and physical media is quite pronounced. “After Hours”, “Eraserhead”, “Boogie Nights”, “Naked”, “The Conversation”, “The Passengers”… While casual movie enthusiasts may indulge in a Netflix binge, more dedicated film fans prefer a shelf stocked with physical media. man without fear

A bustling video store in 2009. Photo: Bloomberg/Getty Images

‘This current phase is the worst‘

Rental spaces will once again thrive, though it may take time, bringing a sense of nostalgia for some and a fresh experience for others. As mentioned in the article, there is a resurgence fueled by the revival of vinyl records. The more enthusiasts of the original content and the younger generation realize that they can’t access the authentic material, the more the market will adapt. However, this phase is undoubtedly the most challenging, especially with streaming services pulling titles in multiple directions. Mr username 2014

‘the hype is real‘

I recently canceled my streaming subscription and started collecting “final format” 4K Blu-rays.

The hype is justified. The quality is exceptional, with no discernible drop in visual and audio quality that can happen with streaming. Some discs are particularly well-optimized for the format. Oppenheimer is a prime example (using high-quality headphones and viewing on a 4K disc makes for a very satisfying 3-hour experience). The advent of Villeneuve is also commendable.

As a gamer, I rarely have time to dedicate to playing for more than 20 hours nowadays, so having a PS5 gives me something to engage with. blue jay 2011

‘Household finances are stretched‘

Speaking personally, I believe the streaming industry will eventually rue its efforts to lock in customers. Unfortunately, household budgets are tight, and the cost of subscribing to streaming services adds up. And it’s not just me – there are numerous services vying for attention, leading to decision fatigue.

When movies and similar content are sold on DVD or Blu-ray, the consumer is committing to a one-time purchase. As a result, these companies, and the film industry as a whole, may end up forfeiting a significant portion of their downstream revenue while also being under pressure to ensure customer satisfaction. As this discussion underscores, many of us still yearn for the ability to purchase movies in physical formats. buzz 2023

‘I have reverted‘

Honestly, I shifted to streaming platforms for movies and music for a while, but I found myself reverting back. Not only did the platform remove content I desired (movies and shows), but (especially when it came to music) changing platforms essentially meant I was “purchasing” music when I wasn’t truly owning it. I decided to change my approach. I lost money and didn’t actually possess my music. Because I had never truly bought the music in the first place, my wallet disagreed with the arrangement. That realization made me uneasy about the entire situation. Additionally, DVDs turn out to be much more cost-effective to own. Beacon of Hope Discount

‘very cluttered‘

It’s quite cluttered. I keep the CDs in a disc folder and discard the cases. While some may consider it sacrilege, it’s a satisfying compromise for me. Seven Highter

‘I’m not fixated on the format‘

Having films in digital format is too convenient for me to go back to physical formats. I do, however, continue to buy DVDs and Blu-rays of movies that aren’t digitized, but it’s a hassle to remove the DVD from its case, go to the DVD player, and start it up. …With digital media, you can initiate a movie in moments, regardless of your location. I’m not hooked on any particular format or medium. The main desire is to be able to watch our favorite movies whenever and wherever we want, and digital media is the best option for that. bf_Silver Town

‘I wasn’t intrigued until DVDs were introduced‘

Collecting movies was never as popular as amassing books or music (CDs, records, tapes). I had no inclination toward it until DVDs made their debut.

What I miss about the rise of physical media is the ability to visit someone’s home, peruse their collection of books, records, and DVDs, and discover their diverse interests. It’s a conversation starter. Jifujiji

DVDs on display in HMV stores in London. Photo: David Levin/The Guardian

‘Biggest film loss since the fires in the old studio vaults‘

We are witnessing the greatest loss of films since the fires that ravaged the old studio vaults. While some may argue that inaccessible films still exist somewhere, what if no one is able to view them?

Furthermore, digital formats are subject to frequent changes. Eventually, all digital copies of films will become obsolete. Will Disney or any other entity go to the lengths and expense of transferring all their popular movies to a new format? Possibly.

But will they undertake the arduous and costly task of migrating thousands of potentially forgotten films that haven’t seen the light of day in years and are buried in long-unused databases? Highly unlikely. son of the desert

‘I no longer live like an obsessive hoarder‘

Two years ago, I donated thousands of DVDs and Blu-rays to charity shops. I’ve abandoned the life of an obsessive hoarder and now find more peace of mind. With numerous old and new titles to watch, there are discs in my possession that I’ve never viewed in decades, some of which I’ve even given away while still in their original shrink wrap. Had streaming been available 30 years ago, it might have paid off my mortgage. R Gouveia

‘Film production courses‘

One of the reasons I’ve bought and continue to purchase numerous DVDs over the years is for the bonus content such as director commentaries, behind-the-scenes features, and interviews with cast and crew. While David Fincher’s “Seven” may be available on some random streaming service, the DVD’s commentary track alone is a treasure trove for film enthusiasts. sagarmatha 1953

‘DVDs are delicate and not everlasting‘

I still retain all my DVDs and am actively acquiring new ones. Many movies are not consistently available on streaming services, if at all, hence retaining them as physical media is crucial. The only challenge is that DVDs are susceptible to damage and cannot stand the test of time. The same can be said for DVD players. I’ve contemplated buying a new DVD player as a backup. While I do utilize a streaming service, it often has limited offerings and I struggle to find what I’m looking for, particularly when it comes to “older” movies from the 1920s, 1930s, and 1970s. Recently, I revisited the original “Ladykillers” – the remakes just don’t compare. about

‘It’s not an either-or situation‘

For me, it’s not about choosing one over the other. Streaming (via the usual platforms) has its place. It allows for discovering new movies or trying something different. Physical media, on the other hand, enables me to build my collection of movies that I can’t stream or that I prefer to own while watching them again. iron moog 007

“Medal of Honor of the Rich”

www.theguardian.com

The impact of climate change on food costs: A prediction of rising prices and worsening conditions

Posted on March 21, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

Food prices are on the rise

AFP (via Getty Images)

Because of global warming, you are already paying more and more for groceries. And rising temperatures will cause food prices to rise significantly over the next decade.

By 2035, rising temperatures alone are expected to increase global food prices by 0.9 to 3.2 percent each year, according to a study conducted in collaboration with the European Central Bank. This would increase the overall inflation rate by 0.3 to 1.2 percentage points.

“We are often shocked and surprised by the magnitude of these effects,” he says. Maximilian Kotz He mentioned discussions he had with economists during his research at Germany's Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research.

Abnormal weather due to global warming Increasingly impacting food production around the world And if farmers don't adapt, the losses will become even more severe as the world continues to warm.

To find out how this is affecting food prices, Kotz and his colleagues looked at monthly price data for a variety of goods and services for 121 countries from 1996 to 2021 and the exposure to which those countries were exposed. The weather conditions were compared.

Researchers looked at the correlation between food prices and factors such as average monthly temperatures, temperature fluctuations, droughts and extreme rainfall. They found a strong association between average temperature and food prices a month or so later.

Areas north of 40 degrees latitude, such as New York City, Madrid, and Beijing, experienced warmer-than-average winter temperatures, leading to lower food prices. But not just in the summer, temperatures in other parts of the world have always been above average, causing food prices to rise.

Moreover, the impact on prices is long-lasting. “If prices go up based on one of these shocks, they stay high for at least the rest of the period,” Kotz says.

The study didn't look at why prices have increased, but one possible explanation is that extreme heat is reducing yields, he said. “The vines may be dry when the crop should be harvested.”

Kotz said factors such as extreme rainfall had a smaller impact on food prices than average temperatures. This may be because flooding tends to be localized, whereas above-average temperatures can be very widespread.

Other studies have reached similar conclusions, Kotz said. But his team went a step further and investigated how food prices would change based on increases in average temperatures in climate model projections. Under the team's worst-case emissions scenario, global food inflation due to climate change will exceed 4% per year by 2060. However, the team believes the 2035 prediction is more reliable, as many other factors could have changed by then.

“There are a lot of things that could happen that will change the way the economy responds to climate change,” Kotz said. For example, inflationary pressures would be reduced if farmers adapted their practices to better cope with rising temperatures. But so far, he says, there is no sign that farmers are adapting.

“I think these are realistic predictions. They are based on solid empirical evidence.” Matin Kaim At the University of Bonn, Germany. “We need to recognize the fact that climate change poses new and major challenges to food and nutrition security.”

according to Food Price Index of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The cost of food fell in real terms between 1960 and 2000, but has risen since then. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 caused a massive surge – factors that influence this Protests are occurring in many countries. The index price has since fallen, but remains higher than before the invasion.

Like the US Federal Reserve and the Bank of England, the European Central Bank aims to: keep inflation around 2%. Rising food inflation will make achieving this goal even more difficult, Kotz said.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Coastal Cities in the US Facing Increased Flooding Risk Due to Rising Sea Levels by 2050

Posted on March 6, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

New Orleans is at risk of more flooding than expected due to land subsidence

William A. Morgan/Shutterstock

Sea levels are rising faster than expected in U.S. coastal cities, primarily due to land subsidence from groundwater and fossil fuel extraction. This means up to 518,000 additional people living in these areas could be at risk of major flooding by 2050 if adequate protection is not in place.

Coastal cities often experience subsidence, where the land gradually sinks over time. One of the biggest factors causing this is the compaction of the earth by extracting resources such as water and fossil fuels from the ground.

To investigate how land subsidence and sea level rise will impact coastal communities. leonard owenhen The Virginia Tech researchers created a model based on land elevation changes in 32 major coastal cities, including Boston and San Francisco, and sea level rise projections through 2050.

Researchers found that cities on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, such as New Orleans, have lower elevations and are sinking faster. It is sinking at least two millimeters more per year than other cities in the region, increasing the risk of future flooding. . Urban areas along the Pacific coast are better protected from rising sea levels because of their higher elevations.

“We were surprised to see that Biloxi, Mississippi, experienced the most rapid subsidence,” Owenhen says.

They also found that existing flood risk assessments in the United States do not take into account the combined effects of land subsidence, underestimating its threat. Researchers have found that nearly 1,400 square kilometers more land will be at risk of flooding by 2050 than current estimates. That means, in total, 1 in 50 people and 1 in 35 homes in 32 cities are at risk. .

This would put an additional 518,000 people and more than 288,000 homes at risk of flooding.

The study looked at flood risk for dozens of coastal U.S. cities by 2050.

Image courtesy of Leonard Owenhen

These findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen U.S. flood protection now, team members say Manuchel Shirzai, also at Virginia Tech. “Individual cities will need to adapt differently. New Orleans will need to strengthen city-wide flood protection, while San Francisco will probably only need to protect its critical infrastructure.”

Other things could be done to reduce the threat. “If land subsidence is being caused by groundwater extraction, oil and gas development, or other human-induced stresses, we need to do everything we can to reverse these trends before it’s too late.” he says. Simon Anisfeld At Yale University.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Rising Temperatures Lead to Minimal Ice on Great Lakes

Posted on January 2, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

The Great Lakes, known for ice fishing and winter's frozen waves, rang out a nearly bare New Year's bell.

Less than 0.4% of ice covered the Great Lakes on New Year's Day, according to the Great Lakes Environmental Research Institute, which uses satellite data to measure ice concentrations.

“There's basically nothing,” said James Kessler, a physical scientist at the institute, part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “We have about 50 years of data. Today's average for January 1st is about 9%.”

Kessler said that although ice coverage is well below normal, it is not unheard of for ice concentrations to fall below 1% on January 1, still early in the season.

The amount of ice on the Great Lakes (Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario) determines when and how raw materials and cargo are shipped from ports in the Midwest. Fish species such as whitefish are covered in ice to protect their eggs for reproduction. Lower ice levels could increase erosion and contribute to changes in weather patterns in the region.

Kessler said temperatures have been unseasonably high this season, making it difficult for ice to form on the lake's surface. According to his research, the Great Lakes' annual ice area varies greatly from year to year, but tends to decline at a rate of about 5% every decade.

“This is certainly a sign of climate change,” he says.

Ice typically reaches its maximum extent from mid-February to early March. In a typical year, about 40% of the Great Lakes are covered in ice at peak times.

Last year, ice coverage reached about 23% and by mid-February the ice had diminished. just covered 7% of the lake.

In 2023, Earth experienced its hottest year on record, largely due to human-induced climate change. Researchers expect temperatures to rise further this year due to El Niño, a natural climate pattern that releases ocean heat into the atmosphere.El Niño winter Warmer trends across the Great Lakes region.

seasonal outlook Temperatures in the Great Lakes region are expected to be higher than normal this year. below average ice.

Forecasters expect little change this week.

Over the next five days, “temperatures are expected to remain near normal across the Great Lakes region, making the forecast less favorable for ice growth,” one report said. Ice outlook prepared by the National Weather Service in Cleveland.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Cryptocurrency valuations expected to stabilize in 2023 before rising in 2024, according to venture capitalists

Posted on December 21, 2023 by Igor Mitreski

past couple The years have proven to be a tumultuous time for the cryptocurrency industry. As if the spate of failures and bankruptcies of major crypto institutions weren’t enough, the industry has seen many tourist investors walk out the door as the broader macroeconomic situation worsens.

However, the recent surge in interest in cryptocurrencies due to rising prices for Bitcoin and Ethereum is rebuilding momentum, and the next year could see promising valuations for crypto startups. Many people are thinking.

Lidia Chiu, vice president of business development at Ava Labs, said raising capital in 2023 was difficult for both startups and venture capitalists. “On the startup side, we have seen fewer token offerings and valuation corrections,” she said. “VCs also had more leverage to negotiate better terms when taking the initiative than they did in 2021 or 2022. We’re seeing more follow-on and down-round opportunities from teams that have raised in the past few years.” [today]”

The fallout from the 2021 hype is still reflected in the landscape of crypto ventures. “[In] 2021, [there were] Michael Anderson, co-founder of Framework Ventures, entered the field at the top but was funded by traditional Silicon Valley venture capital firms that had no idea what they were doing. He said an outlandish valuation was set with a number of terrible ideas. He added that 2022 will see a “complete reorganization” of the crypto venture capital deck, with “many tourism VCs exiting and weak portfolio investments being drained.”

The tough funding environment in 2023 will only weed out weaker companies that were able to secure capital in 2021. Mark Bhargava, managing director at General Catalyst, said much of the dry powder from the good times survived into this year.

Mr Anderson added that the ratings were “back to reality”.

Then, when FTX collapsed in November 2022, many funds, including those focused on web3, “put the brakes on new deals,” said New Form Capital’s founder and general partner. Alex Marinier said.

“I think everyone expected venture funding to dry up in 2023, and that’s what happened,” said Will Nuell, general partner at Galaxy Ventures. “Funding in the crypto and blockchain venture market has returned to levels not seen since 2020.”

“In 2023, most people seem to have finally gotten the message that we are in a new market and the investor class is thinking and acting more rationally than before,” Anderson said.

Early-stage deals are declining, but not closing

Flat or discounted valuations were not uncommon for the broader tech industry in 2023, so it’s surprising that more beleaguered crypto startups also had to suffer significant haircuts. It wasn’t the right thing to do. Nuel said valuations have varied and competitive rounds are still receiving “stomach-churning” multiples, but success in getting a raise is preordained, just as it was 18 months ago. That is no longer the case.

Source: techcrunch.com