Peers Vote to Challenge Government Over AI-Related Copyright Threats

The defiant peers have presented a significant challenge to the government. They urge artists to provide copyright protections for artificial intelligence companies, or they risk losing essential legal protections.

The government has encountered its fifth defeat in the House regarding a controversial initiative that would permit AI companies to train their models using copyrighted materials.

With a vote of 221-116 on Wednesday, they insisted on amendments that would enhance transparency regarding the materials used by AI companies for training their models.

At the awards event following the vote, Elton John emphasized that copyright protection is an “existential issue” for artists and called on the government to “do the right thing.”

He remarked: “We will not let the government forget their promise to support the creative industry. We will not retreat, and we will not go quietly. This is just the beginning.”

Wednesday night’s vote highlights the ongoing conflict between the Commons and the Lords over a data bill utilized by campaigners to challenge the government’s proposed copyright reforms.

Leading the opposition to the Lords’ changes is crossbench peer and film director Beeban Kidron, whose amendments consistently receive support from the upper chamber.

The data bill faces the likelihood of being shelved unless the Commons agrees to Kidron’s amendments or presents alternative solutions.

Maggie Jones, the minister for digital economy and online safety, urged her colleagues to vote against the Kidron amendment after the government proposed last-minute concessions to avoid another setback.

Before the vote, Jones stated that her colleagues “must decide whether to jeopardize the entire bill” and claimed that voting for Kidron’s amendment would “appear unprecedented”—attempting to disrupt a bill that does not undermine copyright law, while also addressing important issues like combating sexually explicit deepfake images.

Kidron told Piers: “This is the last chance to urge the government to implement meaningful solutions,” pressing the minister to take solid steps ensuring AI companies adhere to copyright regulations.

“It is unfair and irrational for the creative industry to suffer at the hands of those who take their jobs and assets. It’s not neutral.”

“We have repeatedly asked both houses: What is the government doing to protect creative jobs from being stolen? There has been no response.”

Several peers criticized the notion that the Lords’ actions were unprecedented, arguing that the government itself is breaking precedent by refusing to compromise. Tim Clement Jones, a Liberal Democrat spokesman for the digital economy, voiced strong support for Kidron’s amendments.




Beeban Kidron expressed concern, asking: Why is the government neglecting the interests of the UK while attempting to hand over the wealth and labor of the country? Photo: Curlcoat/Getty

The Lords’ amendments place the data bill in a state of double claims, indicating that both the Commons and the Lords are unable to agree on the legislation. Under this circumstance, the bill will be dropped unless ministers accept the rebellious revisions or offer other changes through parliamentary processes. Although the bill’s failure is uncommon, it has occurred before, notably in the 1997-98 session regarding the European Parliament election bill.

According to parliamentary tradition, the Commons holds a favorable position as the elected House, and in rare situations, if the Lords refuse to concede, the minister can utilize parliamentary law to enact the bill in the following session, which may significantly delay the legislation.

As a concession to the peers on Tuesday night, the government pledged to release additional technical reports on the future of AI and copyright regulations within nine months, rather than the previously proposed twelve.

“Many peers have expressed experiencing a lack of hearing during ping pong,” Jones noted in her letter.

Jones pointed out that by updating the Data Protection Act, the data bill is projected to yield £10 billion in economic benefits, enhancing online safety and strengthening the authority to require social media companies to retain data following a child’s death.

Kidron asserted: “It would be wise for the government to accept the amendment or propose something meaningful in its place. They have failed to listen to the Lords, to the creative sector, and even to their own supporters.”

Under the proposed government regulations, AI companies would be authorized to train their models using copyrighted works unless the owners specifically opt out. This plan has garnered heavy criticism from creators and publishers, including renowned artists such as Paul McCartney and Tom Stoppard.

Technology Secretary Peter Kyle expressed regret over the decision to initiate consultations regarding the opt-out system associated with changes to copyright laws as a “priority option,” indicating that there may be resistance within Downing Street to make more concessions.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Giant Exoplanet Discovered Orbiting Low-Mass Star TOI-6894

The identification of TO-6894B, an exoplanet roughly 86% the size of Jupiter orbiting the low-mass Redd star (0.2 solar masses), underscores the importance of enhancing our comprehension of the formation mechanisms of giant planets and their protoplanetary disc environments.

Artist’s illustration of TOI-6894B behind its host star. Image credit: Markgarlic/Warwick University.

The TOI-6894 system is located approximately 73 parsecs (238 light years) away in the Leo constellation.

This planet was discovered through a comprehensive analysis of data from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), aimed at locating giant planets around low-mass stars.

“I was thrilled by this discovery. My initial focus was on observing a low-mass red star with TESS, in search of a giant planet,” remarked Dr. Edward Bryant, an astronomer from the University of London.

“Then, utilizing observations from ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT), one of the most substantial telescopes globally, I identified TO-6894B, a giant planet orbiting the smallest known star with such a companion planet.”

“I never anticipated that a planet like TOI-6894B could exist around such a low-mass star.”

“This finding will serve as a foundational element in our understanding of the boundary conditions for giant planet formation.”

TOI-6894B is a low-density gas giant, with a radius slightly exceeding that of Saturn, which has only 50% of its mass.

The parent star is the lowest mass star yet found to host a massive planet, being just 60% of the mass of the next smallest star observed with such a planet.

“Most stars in our galaxy are actually small, and it was previously believed that they couldn’t support a gas giant,” stated Dr. Daniel Baylis, an astronomer at Warwick University.

“Therefore, the fact that this star has a giant planet significantly impacts our estimates of the total number of giant planets likely to exist in the galaxy.”

“This is a fascinating discovery. We still don’t completely understand why relatively few stars can form such large planets,” commented Dr. Vincent Van Eilen, an astronomer at the University of London.

“This drives one of our objectives to search for more exoplanets.”

“By exploring different planetary systems compared to our own solar system, we can evaluate our models and gain insights into how our solar system was formed.”

The prevailing theory of planetary formation is known as core accretion theory.

According to this theory, the cores of planets are initially formed by accreting material, and as the core grows, it attracts gases that eventually create its atmosphere.

Eventually, the core becomes sufficiently large to initiate the runaway gas accretion process, leading to the formation of a gas giant.

However, forming gas giants around low-mass stars presents challenges, as the gas and dust necessary for planetary formation in their protoplanetary discs is limited, hindering the formation of a sufficiently large core to kickstart this runaway process.

The existence of TOI-6894B indicates that this model may be insufficient and that alternative theories need to be considered.

“Considering TO-6894B’s mass, it might have been formed through an intermediate core-fault mechanism, whereby the protoplanet forms and accumulates gas steadily without orbiting, making it large enough to undergo runaway gas accretion,” Dr. Edward explained.

“Alternatively, it might have formed due to an unstable gravitational disk.”

“In certain cases, the disk surrounding the star can become unstable due to the gravitational forces it exerts on itself.”

“These disks may fragment as gas and dust collapse, leading to planet formation.”

However, the research team found that neither theory fully accounted for the formation of TOI-6894B based on the data available.

“Based on the stellar irradiation affecting TOI-6894B, we anticipate that its atmosphere is primarily influenced by methane chemistry, which is quite rare to identify.”

“The temperatures are low enough that atmospheric observations may even reveal the presence of ammonia.”

TOI-6894B might serve as a benchmark for methane-dominated atmospheric studies and an ideal laboratory for investigating planetary atmospheres containing carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen beyond our solar system.

Survey results will be featured in the journal Nature Astronomy.

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Bryant et al. A giant exoplanet in orbit around a 0.2 solar mass star. Nature Astronomy, Published online on June 4th, 2025. doi:10.1038/s41550-025-02552-4

Source: www.sci.news

Trump’s Crypto Firms Collude Amid Fraudulent Wallet Announcement | Technology

A vibrant website showcasing illustrations of Donald Trump launched on Tuesday, depicting him flexing his muscles and raising his fist. This image serves as the logo for one of Trump’s digital currencies, with the website branding itself as the “official $Trump wallet,” promoting products that facilitate transactions using the president’s cryptocurrency.

The site highlights Trump Coin$Trump and encourages visitors to sign up for a waitlist to access their digital wallet. I first spotted it in the Crypto Newsletter a quote is required. Magic Eden, a well-established cryptocurrency marketplace, announced a partnership with Trump’s official digital coin team to develop the wallet. Accounts on Twitter/X also advertised wallet products linked to one of Trump’s cryptocurrencies.

“The $Trump Wallet with @magiceden is on its way. Join the $Trump Community! http://trumpwallet.com”


This announcement seems to lend an air of legitimacy, but Trump’s sons are raising concerns.

“The Trump organization is not affiliated with this wallet product,” Donald Trump Jr. stated on X. Subsequently, Eric Trump tweeted: “I run @Trump, but I know nothing about this project!” Even Baron Trump chimed in, stating: “Our family is not involved in this wallet.”

Donald Jr. added that he has been “working tirelessly” on launching an official wallet with World Liberty Financial, a separate family crypto venture established last year.

The cryptocurrency sector is notorious for its fraud and internal disputes. The latest rift between Magic Eden and World Liberty Financial seems linked to a longstanding conflict involving Trump’s business associate and his son. This associate runs the company that issued the Trump organization’s cryptocurrency and is engaged in separate ventures. Additionally, the Trump Organization owns a company called CIC Digital, which is valued at around $2 billion and manages 80% of Coin’s reserves along with oversight of cryptocurrency trading profits.

On X, both Magic Eden and Zanker’s company claimed the newly announced crypto wallet is indeed collaborating with Trump and is supported by Magic Eden.

Eric Trump disputed this claim, later issuing a warning on Tuesday: X: “This project has not been authorized by @Trump,” he mentioned. “@magiceden, I am very cautious about using our name on unapproved projects that are unknown to anyone in our organization.”

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In recent months, Trump’s family members and business associates have launched various crypto and digital currency initiatives. These ventures include meme coins featuring fist-pumping playing cards and stable coins designed to maintain a steady value of $1. Melania Trump even unveiled her own memo coin.

Throughout his first term, Trump was strongly opposed to cryptocurrency, but his stance has changed since then. He has embraced this volatile market, becoming the first major candidate to accept campaign donations in cryptocurrency and speaking at prominent crypto conferences. Trump entertained industry leaders at the White House, hosting high-profile cryptocurrency investors at a private golf club just outside Washington, DC. Moreover, his administration appointed a high-tech investor, David, as the “crypto Czar.” A series of federal investigations into cryptocurrency firms have been put on hold regarding digital assets.

Neither the White House, Magic Eden, nor Zanker responded to requests for commentary.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Physicists Achieve Unmatched Precision in Measuring Magnetic Anomalies in Mines

Researchers from the Muon G-2 Experiment have unveiled their third measurement of the Muon magnetic anomaly. The conclusive results align with findings published in 2021 and 2023 but boast significantly improved precision at 127 parts per billion, surpassing the experimental goal for 140 people.

Muon particles traveling through lead in the cloud chamber. Image credit: Jino John 1996 / cc by-sa 4.0.

The Muon G-2 experiment investigates the wobble of a fundamental particle known as the Muon.

Muons resemble electrons but are roughly 200 times more massive. Like electrons, they exhibit quantum mechanical properties called spins, which can be interpreted as tiny internal magnets.

When subjected to an external magnetic field, these internal magnets wobble akin to the axis of a spinning top.

The precession speed of a magnetic field is influenced by the muon’s characteristics, captured numerically as the G-factor.

Theoretical physicists derive G-factors based on our current understanding of the universe’s fundamental mechanics, as outlined in the standard model of particle physics.

Nearly a century ago, G was anticipated to be 2; however, experimental measurements revealed minor deviations from this value, quantified as the Muon magnetic anomaly, Aμ, based on the formula (G-2)/2, giving the Muon G-2 experiment its name.

Muon magnetic anomalies encapsulate the effects of all standard model particles, enabling theoretical physicists to compute these contributions with remarkable precision.

Earlier measurements conducted at the Brookhaven National Laboratory during the 1990s and 2000s indicated potential discrepancies with the theoretical calculations of that era.

Disparities between experimental results and theoretical predictions could signal the existence of new physics.

In particular, physicists contemplated whether these discrepancies could stem from an undetected particle influencing the muon’s precession.

Consequently, physicists opted to enhance the Muon G-2 experiments to obtain more accurate measurements.

In 2013, Brookhaven’s magnetic storage ring was relocated from Long Island, New York, to Fermilab in Batavia, Illinois.

Following extensive upgrades and enhancements, the Fermilab Muon G-2 experiment launched on May 31, 2017.

Simultaneously, an international collaboration among theorists established the Muon G-2 theory initiative aimed at refining theoretical calculations.

In 2020, the Theoretical Initiative released updated and more precise standard model values informed by data from other experiments.

The differences between the experimental results continued to widen in 2021 as Fermilab announced the initial experimental results, corroborating Brookhaven’s findings with improved accuracy.

Simultaneously, new theoretical predictions emerged, relying significantly on computational capabilities.

This information closely aligned with experimental measurements and narrowed the existing discrepancies.

Recently, the Theoretical Initiative published a new set of predictions integrating results from various groups using novel calculation techniques.

This result remains in close agreement with experimental findings and diminishes the likelihood of new physics.

Nevertheless, theoretical endeavors will persist in addressing the disparities between data-driven and computational approaches.

The latest experimental values for the muon magnetic moment from Fermilab’s experiments are:

aμ =(g-2)/2 (Muon experiment) = 0.001 165 920 705

This final measurement is based on an analysis of data collected over the past three years, spanning 2021 to 2023, and is integrated with previously published datasets.

This has more than tripled the dataset size utilized in the second results from 2023, achieving the precision target set in 2012.

Moreover, it signifies the analysis of the highest quality data from the experiment.

As the second data collection run concluded, the Muon G-2 collaboration finalized adjustments and enhancements to the experiment, boosting muon beam quality and minimizing uncertainties.

“The extraordinary magnetic moment of the muon (G-2) is pivotal as it provides a sensitive test of the standard model of particle physics,” remarked Regina Lameika, associate director of high energy physics at the U.S. Department of Energy.

“This is an exhilarating result, and it’s fantastic to witness the experiment reach a definitive conclusion with precise measurements.”

“This highly anticipated outcome represents a remarkable achievement in accuracy and will hold the title of the most precise measurement of muon magnetic anomalies for the foreseeable future.”

“Despite recent theoretical challenges that have lessened the evidence for new physics in Muon G-2, this finding presents a robust benchmark for proposed extensions to the standard model of particle physics.”

“This is an incredibly exciting moment; not only did we meet our objectives, but we surpassed them, indicating that such precision measurements are challenging.”

“Thanks to Fermilab, the funding agencies, and the host lab, we accomplished our goals successfully.”

“For over a century, the G-2 has imparted crucial insights into the nature of reality,” stated Lawrence Gibbons, a professor at Cornell University.

“It’s thrilling to contribute accurate measurements that are likely to endure for a long time.”

“For decades, muon magnetic moments have served as a significant benchmark for the standard models,” noted Dr. Simon Kolody, a physicist at Argonne National Laboratory.

“The new experimental results illuminate this fundamental theory and establish a benchmark to guide new theoretical calculations.”

These new results will be featured in the journal Physical Review Letters.

Source: www.sci.news

Research: Early Drivers of Fire Use for Meat Preservation and Predator Protection, Not Cooking

The advent of fire marks a significant point in human evolution, though scholars continue to debate its primary function. While cooking is frequently regarded as a key factor, researchers from Tel Aviv University propose that the protection of meat and fat from predators is more plausible. Homo Erectus lived during the Lower Paleolithic era, approximately 1.9 to 0.78 million years ago.

Homo Erectus.” width=”580″ height=”435″ srcset=”https://cdn.sci.news/images/2018/07/image_6228_1-Neanderthal-Fire-Use.jpg 580w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2018/07/image_6228_1-Neanderthal-Fire-Use-300×225.jpg 300w” sizes=”(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px”/>

Miki Ben-Dor & Ran Barkai’s research highlights the nutritional value of meat and fat from large prey in the Lower Paleolithic, questioning the significance of culinary practices in shaping human dietary evolution and offering new insights into adaptations in Homo Erectus.

“The origins of fire usage is a ‘burning’ question among prehistoric researchers globally,” stated Professor Barkay, a co-author of the study.

“By around 400,000 years ago, it was widely accepted that fire was commonly used in domestic settings. I concur with the idea of meat roasting, as well as its use for lighting and heating.”

“However, there remains a debate concerning the past million years, with various theories put forth to explain early human interactions with fire.”

“This study aimed to approach this issue from a new angle.”

“For early humans, the use of fire wasn’t a given; most archaeological sites dated around 400,000 years ago show no signs of fire usage,” explained Dr. Miki Ben-Dor, lead author of the study from Tel Aviv University.

“However, in many early locations, there are clear indications of fire usage, even if there’s no evidence of burnt bones or roasted meat.”

“We see early humans—nearly Homo Erectus—utilizing fire sporadically for specific purposes rather than regularly.”

“Collecting fuel, igniting a fire, and maintaining it involved substantial effort, requiring a compelling energy-efficient reason.”

“We propose a new hypothesis for that motivation.”

In their research, the authors reviewed existing literature on all identified prehistoric sites between 1.8 million and 800,000 years ago where fire evidence has been found.

They identified nine sites globally, including Gesher Benot Ya’aqov and Evron Quarry in Israel, six sites in Africa, and one site in Spain.

The study also drew from ethnographic research on contemporary hunter-gatherer societies, relating their behaviors to ancient conditions.

“We examined the common features of these nine ancient sites and found they all contained a significant number of bones from large animals, mainly elephants, hippos, and rhinoceroses,” Dr. Ben-Dor noted.

“Previous research has shown these large animals were critical to early human diets, providing a substantial portion of their caloric needs.”

“For instance, the meat and fat from a single elephant can supply millions of calories, enough to sustain a group of 20 to 30 people for over a month.”

“Thus, hunting elephants and hippos was highly valuable—essentially a ‘bank’ of meat and fat that required protection and preservation, as it was sought after by predators and susceptible to decay.”

Through their analysis of findings and assessments of energetic benefits of preserving meat and fat, the researchers arrived at new conclusions that challenge previous theories. Early fires served dual purposes: first, to safeguard valuable resources from predators, and second, to facilitate smoking and prevent spoilage.

“This study introduces a novel perspective on the motivations behind early human fire use: the necessity to protect large game from other predators and the long-term preservation of substantial meat supplies,” Professor Barkay explained.

“Cooking may have occurred occasionally after fire was established for these protective purposes.”

“Such usage could elucidate evidence of fish roasting around 800,000 years ago found at Gesher Benot Ya’aqov.”

“Our approach aligns with evolving global theories that characterize major prehistoric trends as adaptations to hunting and consuming large animals, followed by a gradual shift to smaller prey exploitation.”

Survey results were published in the journal Nutrition Frontier.

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Miki Ben-Dor & Ran Barkai. 2025. The bioenergy approach supports the conservation and protection of prey, rather than cooking, as a primary driver for early use of fire. Front. Nutr. 12; doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1585182

Source: www.sci.news

New Study Reveals How Astrophysicists Can Utilize Black Holes as Superco-leaders of Particles

A recent study conducted by physicists at the University of Oxford, Johns Hopkins, and the Institute of Astrophysics in Paris reveals a natural process involving a gravitational particle charger that utilizes free-falling particles from infinity, matter collisions from the most stable circular orbit of rotating black holes, and a gravitational particle charger that repeatedly cycles mass energy—excluding heavy particles. In essence, this describes the Super Collider.

The artist’s concept depicts an ultra-high massive black hole in the heart of the Milky Way galaxy known as Sagittarius A*. Image credits: NASA/ESA/CSA/RALF CRAWFORD, STSCI.

Particle corridors accelerate protons and other subatomic particles towards one another at nearly the speed of light, revealing the fundamental properties of matter.

A subtle energy flash occurs upon collision, with fragments potentially unveiling previously unknown particles that may serve as candidates for dark matter—a crucial, yet elusive, component of the universe that remains undetected by scientists.

Facilities like the Large Hadron Collider also contribute to advancements in areas such as the internet, cancer therapy, and high-performance computing.

“One of the great aspirations for a particle collider like the Large Hadron Collider is to produce dark matter particles, though we have yet to find any evidence,” commented Professor Joseph Silk, an astrophysicist from Johns Hopkins University and Oxford University.

“This is why there’s ongoing dialogue about the necessity of constructing a much more powerful version for the next generation of Super Collider.”

“However, we’ve been waiting for 40 years to invest $30 billion in building this Super Collider, allowing nature to give us a glimpse into the future with supermassive black holes.”

A black hole can rotate around its axis like a planet but possesses significantly greater strength due to its intense gravitational field.

Increasingly, scientists are discovering that massive black holes rapidly spinning at the center of galaxies release enormous explosions of plasma, potentially due to jets transporting energy from the spin and surrounding accretion disks.

These phenomena can yield similar results to those produced by engineered Super Colliders.

“If ultra-high energy black holes can generate these particles through high-energy proton collisions, we could receive signals on Earth. Some high-energy particles pass through the detectors rapidly,” Professor Silk explained.

“This indicates a new particle collider effect within one of the universe’s most mysterious entities, achieving energies unattainable by any accelerator on Earth.”

“We may observe something with a unique signature believed to indicate the presence of dark matter. While this is somewhat speculative, it remains a possibility.”

New research indicates that gas falling into a black hole can harness energy from its spin, resulting in more violent behavior than previously thought.

Near rapidly spinning black holes, these particles can collide in a coordinated manner.

While not identical, this process resembles the collisions created using strong magnetic fields, where particles are accelerated in a circular high-energy particle corridor.

“Some particles from these collisions are swallowed by the black hole and vanish forever,” stated Professor Silk.

“However, due to their energy and momentum, some particles emerge, achieving unprecedented high energies.”

“We have recognized the immense energy of these particle beams, rivaling what can be produced in a Super Collider.”

“Determining the limits of this energy is challenging, but these phenomena are certainly aligned with the energy levels of the latest Super Colliders we plan to construct, providing complementary results.”

To detect such high-energy particles, scientists can utilize observatories that are already monitoring supernovae, massive black hole eruptions, and other cosmic occurrences.

These include detectors like the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and the Kilometer Cube Neutrino Telescope in Antarctica.

The difference between a Super Collider and a black hole is their vast distances from one another. Nevertheless, these particles still reach us.

The team’s paper was published this week in the journal Physical Review Letters.

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Andrew Mamalie and Joseph Silk. 2025. Black Hole Super Collider. Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 221401; doi:10.1103/physrevlett.134.221401

Source: www.sci.news

AI Analysis Suggests Some Dead Sea Scrolls Are Older Than Previously Believed

Characterized by pale greening, a timeline of ancient handwritten manuscripts—like the scroll of death—is vital for reconstructing the progression of ideas. However, there is an almost complete absence of manuscripts with dates. To address this challenge, an international team of researchers developed an AI-driven date prediction model named Enoch, inspired by biblical figures.



Dead Sea Scroll 4Q7, fragment Genesis Wadi Qumran Cave4. ImageCredit: Ketefhinnomfan.

While some ancient manuscripts include dates, facilitating precise dating by archaeologists, many do not provide this information.

Researchers can estimate the age of certain undated manuscripts by analyzing the evolution of handwriting styles, but this requires a sufficient number of manuscripts with known dates for creating an accurate timeline.

In the recent study, the University of Groningen and Dr. Mladen Popović assessed the historical periods of manuscripts from various locations in contemporary Israel and the West Bank through radiocarbon dating and utilized machine learning to explore the handwriting styles of each document.

By merging these two datasets, they developed the Enoch program, which objectively estimates the approximate age range by comparing handwriting styles from other manuscripts in the area.

To validate the program, ancient handwriting specialists reviewed age estimates for 135 Ennochs from the Dead Sea Scrolls.

Experts concluded that around 79% of the AI-generated estimates were credible, while the remaining 21% were considered too old, too young, or uncertain.

Enoch has already aided researchers in uncovering new insights about these ancient manuscripts.

For instance, both Enoch and radiocarbon dating techniques estimated an older age for more Dead Sea scrolls compared to traditional handwriting analyses.

“While additional data and further investigation could enhance our understanding of the timeline, our findings offer novel perspectives on the creation periods of these documents,” the researchers stated.

“The Enoch tool serves as a gateway to an ancient world, akin to a time machine, permitting the exploration of biblical handwritten texts.

“It is thrilling to establish significant steps in developing new tools that can tackle the dating challenges of the Dead Sea Scrolls and examine other partially dated manuscript collections from history.”

“This achievement would not have been feasible without collaboration across diverse scientific fields and genuine teamwork.”

A paper detailing this study was published in the journal PLOS 1.

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M. Popovich et al. 2025. Dating ancient manuscripts using radiocarbon and AI-based writing style analysis. PLOS 1 20 (6): E0323185; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323185

Source: www.sci.news

Neck and Facial Massage: A Natural Way to Detoxify Your Brain

Magnetic resonance image scan of the human brain

Phanie/Sipa Press/Alamy

A device designed for facial and neck massage suggests it might enhance the brain’s waste removal system and alleviate symptoms associated with conditions like Alzheimer’s disease.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) envelops the brain and inflates it before moving through a network of delicate tubes known as grinft blood vessels. Research on mice indicates that this fluid clears waste produced by brain cells, including proteins linked to diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, such as beta-amyloid.

This has prompted researchers to consider whether increasing CSF flow could promote brain health. However, they note that the grinft vessels, previously only discovered deep within the neck, are difficult to access. Gou Young Koh, from the Advanced Science and Technology Research Institute in Korea, remarks on this challenge.

Recently, Koh and his team identified a network of grinft vessels located just five millimeters beneath the skin on the faces and necks of mice and monkeys. They made this breakthrough by administering fluorescent dyes that label the CSF and imaging the subjects under anesthesia. “We utilized a different kind of anesthesia than was applied in earlier studies. The previous anesthetic blocked the visualization of vessels close to the skin,” Koh explains.

In their effort to determine if massaging these vessels could boost CSF flow, the researchers developed a device with small rods attached to a 1 cm cotton ball. They used it to gently stroke down the face and neck of a 2-year-old mouse for a few months, applying strokes for one minute on younger mice. “A gentle facial and neck massage can compress the liquid and enhance the CSF flow,” Koh states.

After 30 minutes of massage, CSF flow was observed to increase nearly threefold in the brains of the mice compared to their flow prior to the massage. Furthermore, this process seemed to reverse age-related decreases in CSF flow. “After stimulation, the CSF flow in older mice appeared comparable to that of younger mice [who hadn’t received the massage],” Koh elaborates.

In their unpublished findings, the team observed similar outcomes in monkeys. They also identified glymphetic blood vessels in human cadavers, implying that massage could stimulate CSF flow in humans, as suggested by Koh.

However, due to anatomical differences between mice, monkeys, and humans, further investigations are necessary to confirm this, remarks Vesa Kiviniemi from Uru University in Finland. “It’s a slightly different scenario.”

Moreover, it remains uncertain whether increased CSF flow can genuinely mitigate brain aging or offer protection against neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s. Stephen Prucks of the University of Bern in Switzerland stated that Koh’s team aims to investigate this with mice that exhibit Alzheimer-like traits.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

The River Releases Ancient Carbon Into the Atmosphere

Rivers like the Chuya in Russia can emit carbon dioxide and methane.

Parilov/Shutterstock

Globally, rivers are releasing ancient carbon into the atmosphere, revealing surprising insights for scientists and indicating that human impact on natural landscapes may be more severe than previously understood.

It is already established that rivers emit carbon dioxide and methane as part of the carbon cycle, a rapid gas exchange linked to the growth and decay of organisms, estimated to release around 2 Gigatonnes of carbon annually.

Researchers, including Josh Dean from the University of Bristol, explored the age of this carbon.

The team utilized radiocarbon dating to analyze carbon and methane released from over 700 river segments across 26 countries.

“When we compiled the available data, what we found was surprisingly significant. [Regarding the carbon released], these ancient stores may originate from much older reserves,” Dean states.

Ancient carbon is sequestered in geological formations such as rocks, peat bogs, and wetlands. The findings reveal that around one Gigatonne of this carbon is released annually via rivers, leading to the conclusion that ecosystems are currently removing one Gigatonne less carbon from the atmospheric balance than previously believed.

“This represents the first comprehensive assessment of river emissions on a global scale, which is quite remarkable,” remarks Taylor Maavara from the Cary Ecosystem Studies Institute in Millbrook, New York.

The pressing concern now is understanding the reasons behind the release of such ancient carbon. Factors might include climate change and human activities that alter natural landscapes. Dean observes that the carbon from rivers has appeared “aged” since the 1990s.

“Human activity may be accessing these long-term carbon reservoirs, which can lead to older carbon being released through these channels,” he explains.

For instance, rising temperatures due to climate change can result in carbon being released from thawing permafrost and increase the weathering rates of rocks. Additional factors such as peatland drainage and wetland desiccation could also play a role. Dean emphasizes the necessity for further research to ascertain the degree to which human activities contribute to this phenomenon and how carbon release varies over time.

“This is a critical area of research,” he asserts. “If we believe we are storing old carbon within these reservoirs, we’re mistaken; this understanding is crucial.” These insights carry significant implications for national climate strategies, particularly concerning reliance on natural ecosystems to mitigate ongoing emissions.

“This research raises intriguing questions about how and to what extent we can manage ancient carbon,” says Scott Teig from Oakland University in Rochester Hills, Michigan. He adds that tackling climate change is likely vital to prevent the release of CO2 and methane from these ancient reserves.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Scientists Report Seaweed in the Caribbean and Surrounding Areas Experienced a Collision in May

“That’s the million-dollar question,” he remarked. “I don’t have a very satisfactory answer.”

There are three distinct types of Sargassum found in the Caribbean and surrounding regions, buoyed by small air sacs, which makes their presence truly remarkable. According to Burns, scientists are currently observing various factors influencing its growth, which depend on sunlight, nutrients, and water temperature.

Experts also point to agricultural runoff, warmer waters, and alterations in wind, currents, and rainfall as factors that can have an impact.

Large mats of algae in the open ocean create what Burns refers to as a “healthy and thriving ecosystem,” home to species ranging from tiny shrimp to endangered sea turtles. However, Sargassum close to shore can wreak havoc.

It can block sunlight essential for coral reefs and seagrasses, and when the algae sink, they may suffocate these ecosystems. Once washed ashore, the organisms that inhabit the algae either perish or are scavenged by birds, according to Burns.

The massive piles of odorous seaweed pose a significant challenge for the Caribbean, especially since tourism is a vital economic driver for many small islands.

“It’s a hurdle, but it hasn’t impacted every corner of the Caribbean,” said Frank Comitto, a special advisor to the Caribbean Hotels and Tourism Association.

At a popular tourist destination in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, officials have invested in barriers to keep Sargassum from reaching the beaches, he noted.

In St. Maarten’s Dutch Caribbean territory, teams equipped with backhoes were mobilized for an emergency cleanup after residents reported a strong ammonia and hydrogen sulfide odor.

“The smell is quite unpleasant,” Burns stated.

Meanwhile, in the French Caribbean, officials plan to quickly utilize storage barges and specialized vessels capable of collecting several tons of seaweed daily.

Sargassum “will harm our coastlines, hinder swimming, and create unbearable living conditions for local residents,” French Prime Minister François Beilou recently informed the press.

However, Comitto mentioned that employing such vessels is “very costly” and not widely accepted, while an alternative method (using heavy machinery) is labor-intensive.

“We must tread carefully, as sea turtle eggs might be affected,” he advised. “You can’t just go there and bulldoze everything away.”

As some Caribbean islands face financial challenges, most cleanup efforts fall to hotels, with certain guests receiving refunds and complimentary shuttles to unaffected beaches.

Each year, the volume of Sargassum increases at the end of spring, peaks during summer, and then starts to decline in late autumn or early winter, noted Burns.

The recent record levels remain relatively stationary. Experts are hopeful for more Sargassum in June.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Emerging Theories May Finally Bring “Quantum Gravity” to Reality

Researchers might be on the brink of solving one of the most significant challenges in physics, potentially laying the groundwork for groundbreaking theories.

At present, two distinct theories—quantum mechanics and gravity—are employed to elucidate various facets of the universe. Numerous attempts have been made to fuse these theories into a cohesive framework, but a compelling unification remains elusive.

“Integrating gravity with quantum theory into a single framework is one of the primary objectives of contemporary theoretical physics,” states Dr. Mikko Partanen, the lead author of the recently published research in Report on Progress in Physics. He elaborates on this innovative approach in the context of BBC Science Focus, calling it “the holy grail of physics.”

The challenge of formulating a theory of “quantum gravity” arises from the fact that these two concepts operate on entirely different scales.

Quantum mechanics investigates the minutest scale of subatomic particles, leading to the development of standard models. These models link three fundamental forces: electromagnetic, strong (which binds protons and neutrons), and weak (responsible for radioactive decay).

The fourth fundamental force, gravity, is articulated by Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity, which portrays gravity as a curvature of spacetime. Massive objects and high-energy entities distort spacetime, influencing surrounding objects and governing the domain of planets, stars, and galaxies. Yet, gravity seems resistant to aligning with quantum mechanics.

The Duality of Theories

A significant issue is that gravity is rooted in a “deterministic classical” framework, meaning the laws predict specific outcomes. For instance, if you drop a ball, gravity guarantees it will fall.

In contrast, quantum theory is inherently probabilistic, offering only the likelihood of an event rather than a definitive outcome.

“These are challenging to merge,” Partanen comments. “Attempts to apply quantum theory within gravitational contexts have yielded numerous nonsensical results.”

For example, when quantum physicists measure the electron’s mass, the equations spiral into infinity. Similarly, applying gravity in extreme conditions, like at the edge of a black hole, renders Einstein’s equations meaningless.

Even general relativity fails to explain phenomena within a black hole. -NASA

“While intriguing approaches like string theory [which substitutes particles with vibrating energy strings] exist, we currently lack unique, testable predictions to differentiate these theories from standard models or general relativity,” notes Partanen.

Instead of crafting an entirely new theory for unification, Partanen and his colleague, Professor Jukka Tulkki, approached gravity through the lens of quantum mechanics by reformulating the gravitational equations using fields.

Fields represent how quantum theory elucidates the variation of physical quantities over space and time. You may already be acquainted with electric and magnetic fields.

This novel perspective allowed them to replicate the principles of general relativity in a format that combines effortlessly with quantum mechanics.

Testing the Theories

A particularly promising aspect of this new theory is that it does not require the introduction of exotic new particles or altered physical laws, meaning physicists already possess the necessary tools for its verification.

According to him, this new theory generates equations that account for phenomena like the bending of light around massive galaxies and redshifts—the elongation of light’s wavelength as objects recede in the expanding universe.

This new theory aligns with predictions from general relativity. – Credits: ESA/Hubble & NASA, D. Thilker

While this validates the theory, it does not confirm its correctness.

To establish this, experiments must be conducted in extreme gravitational environments where general relativity falters.

If quantum gravity can make superior predictions in such scenarios, it would serve as a crucial step towards validating this new theory and suggesting that Einstein’s framework might be incomplete.

However, this is challenging due to the minimal differences between the two theories.

For instance, when observing how the sun’s mass bends light from a distant star, the predictive discrepancy is a mere 0.0001%. Current astronomical tools are insufficient for precise measurements.

Fortunately, larger celestial bodies can amplify these differences dramatically.

“For neutron stars with intense gravitational fields, relative differences can reach a few percent,” Partanen observes. While no observatory currently exists to make such observations, advancements in technology could soon enable this.

The theory remains in its nascent stages, with the team embarking on a mission to finalize mathematical proofs to ensure the theory avoids diverging into infinities or other complications.

If progress remains encouraging, they will then apply the theory to extreme situations, such as the singularity of a black hole.

“Our theory represents a novel endeavor to unify all four fundamental forces of nature within one coherent framework, and thorough investigation may unveil phenomena beyond our current understanding,” concludes Partanen.

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About Our Experts

Mikko Partanen is a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Physics and Nanoengineering at Aalto University in Espoo, Finland. He specializes in studying light and its quantum properties, with his research appearing in journals such as Physics Chronicles, New Journal of Physics, and Scientific Reports.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Wood-based Adhesive with Standard Blending Techniques

Glue guns generally employ harmful oil-based adhesives

Shutterstock/ekaterina43

A by-product from the wood industry has been innovatively transformed into safe, reusable hot glue adhesives that could serve as an alternative to hazardous solvent-based adhesives.

Ziwen LV of Beijing University of Forestry, along with a colleague, developed an adhesive from xylan, a component of plant cell walls.

“Xylan acts as a binding agent for cellulose, yet isn’t traditionally considered a ‘glue’ on its own,” stated Nick Aldred, who wasn’t part of the research team at the University of Essex, UK. “This initiative aims to reactivate it as a viable adhesive.”

The LV team chemically modified xylan to create dai-alcohol xylan, utilizing sodium acid and sodium borate in the process.

The resultant adhesive, when extruded from the hot glue gun, boasts a bond strength of 30 megapascals, surpassing that of traditional epoxy resin adhesives. Additionally, it can be reused by remelting, maintaining its adhesive properties even after 10 cycles.

The team also constructed plywood held together with xylan adhesive and found its performance comparable to that of phenol-formaldehyde resin adhesives.

However, there’s a significant limitation: after being submerged in water for one hour, the adhesive melts and the layers disintegrate. The researchers didn’t respond to requests for comment from New Scientist.

Jonathan Wilker from Purdue University, Indiana, highlights the pressing need for sustainable alternatives to the petroleum-based adhesives presently in use.

“[The] combined performance [of the new glue] was quite impressive, especially on wood substrates,” remarked Wilker.

“If we can implement this on a larger scale within the plywood industry, it could be revolutionary,” emphasized Aldred. “Plywood remains one of the last consumer products still containing materials like phenols and formaldehyde, substances that were banned years ago in products such as cosmetics.”

Topic:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Nintendo Switch 2: The Dream Upgrade That Might Not Feel So “New” | Games

Launch Week has arrived at last. I want to provide you with an in-depth review of the Nintendo Switch 2 in this week’s newsletter, but as I write this, it has yet to be released. In light of this, Nintendo chose not to send a review unit until just a day before its launch, so as you read this, my dog stands by the door eagerly, as if waiting for its owner.

Nevertheless, you have the chance to make a first impression by playing the console throughout your day in your Nintendo office. Regarding hardware, it’s everything I dreamed of. A robust Joy-Con, a stunning screen, and graphical capabilities that present the games beautifully, just as one would hope to see in 2025 (still not quite on par with a high-end PlayStation 5 Pro or a modern gaming PC). I appreciate the sleek menu design with a subtle touch of color on the controller, accompanied by soothing chimes and blips. Game sharing, online functionalities, and other essentials now operate smoothly. I admire the affordability of Nintendo Switch Online:
£18 a year,
which is comparably priced to gaming services that offer access to a treasure trove of classic Nintendo games, while others typically charge around the same amount per month.

Yet, the key takeaway from that paragraph is that it is indeed an upgrade. Eight years later, I can’t help but feel that this upgrade is somewhat overdue. I was hoping for something distinctly new. There isn’t a tremendous amount that’s fresh with the Switch 2, except for the unique ability to use the controllers like a mouse by moving them sideways across your desk or lap. It seems overshadowed by the main launch title, Mario Kart World. I ponder if families with numerous games on their existing Switch, akin to January’s sales figures, will truly see the reason for upgrading.
£400 is the suggested price.




Amazing… Mario Kart World. Photo: Nintendo

As for Mario Kart World, it’s incredible. It’s absolutely outstanding. Naturally, it’s bound to be a hit. Besides the classic competitive Grand Prix and time trial races, the standout features include an expansive driving world where you can explore as you wish, collect characters, costumes, and enter elimination-style races across the continent. All courses are interconnected in one vast map, ensuring smooth transitions between them.

Your cart elegantly transforms into a boat upon hitting the water, and I discovered a challenging island where I had to board a seaplane towards skyscrapers. This setting allows everyone to leisurely cruise around a vibrant variety of mountains, jungles, and winding highways. There’s even a space station-themed course that cleverly recalls the original Donkey Kong arcade game, delivering fun nostalgic moments reminiscent of the new Donk City Festival in the climax of Super Mario Odyssey.

Meanwhile, Case Stuart had a fantastic experience with another launch game, Survival Kids by Konami. (If you typically find survival games laborious, fear not. This game is much more enjoyable than it sounds).

However, I must mention the Nintendo Switch Welcome Tour, a rather positively interacting tour that highlights the console’s new features. Priced at £7.99, it allows you to roam a massive recreation of the Switch 2 console, searching for invisible plaques that describe its various components. For instance, there’s a display that provides mundane technical details about the console’s HD Rumble quality. One interactive exhibit challenges you to guess the number of frames per second while a ball on the screen gains boundaries. As someone who doesn’t actively engage with technical specifics, I found myself woefully inadequate in this task. It felt akin to being on the most tedious school trip imaginable.

And it felt a bit too Nintendo-free, lacking character and charm, which left me somewhat concerned. In contrast, Nintendo Labo was an incredibly fan-friendly approach to showcasing the technical aspects of the original Switch. I expected the Welcome Tour to be conducted by the same creative team, but evidently, that was not the case.

I couldn’t wait to dive back into Mario Kart World, and once again, it was phenomenal. I look forward to spending the rest of the week reviewing it thoroughly. Additionally, if you pre-order the Switch 2, you can receive it within the next 24 hours. For those who are hesitant, more information and opinions about the Switch 2 will be available in the coming weeks to assist in your decision-making.

What to do




Arm Akinbo… T is intriguing and peculiar. Illustration: Annapurna Interactive/Steam

Last week, I played To A T, a beautifully odd and unexpected game from Katamari Damacy creator Keita Takahashi. It follows a young teenager perpetually stuck in a T-pose, named Arms Bobo. As you can imagine, this poses significant challenges, forcing them to rely on their fluffy little dogs for support. It’s a children’s game about embracing your uniqueness—I played it with my son—and it’s both amusing and eccentric, featuring songs about giraffes who enjoy making sandwiches. I adore games that come with surprises, and if I asked all of you to guess the ending, I bet none would be close.

Available on: PS5, Xbox, PC
Estimated playtime:
5 hours

What to read




Seize the chance… Remy Siu (left) and NHI accept the Peabody Award at 1000xResist. Photo: Charlie Galley/Getty Images
  • 1000xResist is a critically acclaimed sci-fi game that addresses the immigration experience and the price of political resistance, and it was awarded a Peabody Award this week. The creators’ acceptance speech resonated: “I encourage the gaming industry to invest in marginalized voices and to seek to make a difference. I continuously take opportunities. This art form is still in its infancy; it’s too soon to define it.”

  • Keith Stuart wrote about the events largely overlooked at Midnight launch party—Only Smyths Toys is hosting the Midnight release for the Switch 2. Have you ever attended one of these events? If so, please share your experience— I vividly recall feeling both excited and embarrassed waiting for the Wii on Prince Street in Edinburgh as a teenager.

  • The developers at OpenAI are very proud of their latest artificial “intelligence” model, which allows you to play Pokémon Red. However, it took me over 80 hours to obtain just three gym badges, as we try to overlook the environmental impacts that AI has on video games.

  • When Imran Khan suffered a stroke last year, he lost his ability to play video games. His poignant essay discussed the role of Kaizo Mario (Super Difficult Hacking Mario Level) in his recovery.

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What to click

Question block




Soothe… unpack. Illustration: Humble Game/Steam

Leader Gemma asks:

“At this moment, I’m hugging you while he naps on the couch for three months and I played the Blue Prince. This might be the ultimate postnatal game: It has minimal background sound and music, allows me to pause anytime, and carries zero risk. It also presents fascinating storylines and incredible puzzles. You find yourself deciphering letters and speaking out loud for math puzzles. (Do you get algebra in 3 months?) Your Article [about Nintendo during naptime] made me feel guilty. Are there any other updated tips for similar games discovered after eight years in the postnatal phase?

During my time with a little one, I engaged in two types of games: one that takes about 5 hours to complete in a single evening, or endlessly zoning out with titles like Stardew Valley and Animal Crossing. It didn’t matter if I was “achieving” anything. My brain was often fatigued, making it hard to follow linear plots. However, that doesn’t suit everyone—my friend Sarah became engrossed in Grand Theft Auto during her baby’s naps.

I became hooked on exploitative mobile games, which I do not recommend—stay away if you have a vulnerable brain. You’ll find yourself spending countless hours on virtual goodies and splurging cash for dopamine. Something like Unpacking or A Little to the Left might soothe your puzzle-thirsty mind without being too overwhelming (plus, they’re brief). To all gamer moms out there: what games did you enjoy in those early months of parenthood?

If you have a question for the block or anything to share about the newsletter—
please reach out at pushbuttons@theguardian.com.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Can AI Comprehend Flowers Without Touching or Smelling Them?

If you can’t smell, what are flowers?

ClearViewimages RF/Alamy

The newest artificial intelligence models demonstrate a comprehension of the world akin to human understanding. Yet, their sensory limitations hinder their grasp of concepts like flowers and humor.

Qihui Xu from Ohio State and her team explored the understanding of nearly 4,500 words by both humans and large-scale language models (LLMs), covering terms such as “flowers,” “hooves,” “humorous,” and “swings.” Both human participants and AI models evaluated these words based on emotional arousal and physical interactions associated with various body parts.

The objective was to analyze how LLMs, such as OpenAI’s GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, along with Google’s Palm and Gemini, compared with human rankings. While both humans and AI exhibited similar concept maps for words unrelated to sensory interaction, substantial discrepancies arose when it involved physical sensations and actions.

For instance, AI models often suggested that flowers could be perceived through the torso, a notion that most people find peculiar, as they typically enjoy flowers visually or through scent.

The challenge lies in the fact that LLMs develop their understanding from a vast array of text sourced from the internet, which falls short in tackling sensual concepts. “They are fundamentally different from humans,” she explains.

Certain AI models have undergone training using visual data like images and videos alongside text. Researchers have noticed that these models yield results more closely aligned with human evaluations, enhancing the chances that future AI will bridge sensory understanding with human cognition.

“This illustrates that the advantages of multimodal training might surpass expectations. In reality, it seems that one plus one can yield two or more,” states Xu. “In terms of AI advancement, this underscores the significance of developing multimodal models and the necessity of embodying these models.”

Philip Feldman at the University of Maryland in Baltimore County suggests that simulating an AI with a robotic body, exposed to sensorimotor experiences, could greatly enhance its capabilities, but he cautions about the inherent risks of physical harm to others.

Preventing such dangers requires implementing safeguards in robotic actions or opting for softer robots to avoid causing injury during training, warns Feldman, although this approach has its downsides.

“This may distort their perception of the world,” Feldman remarks. “One lesson they might learn is that they can gently bounce objects. [In a real robot with mass] The humanoid robots might believe they can collide with one another at full speed. That could lead to serious issues.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Pornhub Owners Suspend French Sites in Protest of New Age Verification Law

Visitors from France accessing adult sites like PornHub, YouPorn, and RedTube will encounter a message that criticizes the nation’s age verification laws, as announced by the company on Tuesday.

A spokesperson indicated that Iro, the parent company, has set a requirement for users to be 18 years or older, responding to French legislation mandating that adult sites implement stricter measures to verify the ages of their users.

“It’s clear that Iro has made the tough choice to restrict access for French users on platforms like Pornhub, Youporn, and Redtube. Tomorrow, we will utilize these platforms to directly engage with the French public,” stated a Pornhub representative on Tuesday.

Instead of providing a vast array of adult content on PornHub, Iro aims to “directly communicate with the French populace about the dangers and invasiveness of privacy, along with the ineffectiveness of French laws,” said Solomon Friedman, owner of Iro and a partner at Ethical Capital Partners, during a video call with reporters on Tuesday.

This year, France will gradually implement new requirements for all adult sites, enabling users to verify their ages using personal information such as credit cards and identification documents.

To safeguard privacy, operators are required to offer third-party “double-blind” options that prevent the sites from accessing users’ identities.

However, Iro contends that this approach is flawed and jeopardizes user data to potential threats, hacks, and leaks.

The company argues that France should focus on the developers of operating systems like Microsoft’s Windows, Apple’s iOS, and Google’s Android, rather than targeting pornographic platforms.

“Iro takes age verification seriously,” executive Alex Kekesi noted during a media call.

She emphasized that individual platforms carry a “significant risk” to privacy rights concerning age verification.

Friedman from ECP stated, “Google, Apple, and Microsoft have integrated features within their operating systems to verify a user’s age at the device level.”

The capacity to “supply age signals to any site or application” can enable control over access to adult content while keeping sensitive information private, offering a viable solution,” he argued.

“We recognize that these three companies are powerful, but that doesn’t excuse France’s actions,” he added.

Iro’s message to adult content viewers includes imagery promoting freedom, inspired by Eugene Delacroix’s renowned painting featuring nude figures.

Culture Minister Auroa Berge mentioned that if adult sites choose to block French users instead of adhering to the law, it would be “very positive.”

“Minors in France will have less access to violent, degrading, and humiliating content,” she remarked.

“If Iro prefers to withdraw from France rather than comply with our regulations, they are free to do so,” stated Clara Chappaz, the French Minister of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Technology, on X.

According to Arcom, 2.3 million minors visit porn sites each month, even though they are legally prohibited from doing so.

Elsewhere in the European Union, adult content platforms face increased scrutiny. EU regulators announced last month that several sites, including Pornhub, are under investigation for failing to uphold child protection regulations.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Nostalgia Trends on TikTok: Fans Revisit Beloved Music and TV Shows

This social media platform positions itself as a leader in youth culture, setting trends for others to follow. However, observations of music, television, and daily life in the UK suggest that TikTok is embracing a new wave of nostalgia.

The music and television of the 2000s have been rediscovered by Gen X and older Millennials, with Gen Z being the first to engage with this content.

“Sex and The City,” which aired from 1999 to 2004, now boasts 108,000 videos on the platform, doubling its count over the past year. “Gossip Girl,” running from 2007 to 2012, has 120,000 videos, while “Gilmore Girls,” from 2000 to 2007, has amassed 1 million related videos. “The Vampire Diaries,” which aired for eight years until 2017, has generated over 2 million discussions in video form.

Additionally, the revival of the British show “Skins,” a drama about Bristol teenagers that first aired in 2007, has gained significant attention.

Lily Hall, Programs and Insights Manager for TikTok UK, Ireland, and Nordics, remarked: “Fashion and beauty continue to be dominant themes, and we see a rise in interest for older music, television shows, and films as users seek comfort and authenticity from the past.”

“Currently, classic series are thriving on the platform. We’ve reintroduced this new generation to beloved old TV shows, while older users are sharing their favorites again.”

TikTok’s focus on “Britcore” content reflects the increasing demand for 2000s nostalgia, with creators sharing videos related to fashion and lifestyle, childhood toys, and discontinued snacks like pink and white mouse sweets and Cadbury animal crackers.

Crime dramas have also seen a significant impact, with a 70% increase in related videos over the past year.

The viral success of puberty content, which was collectively created in one take, has resulted in 76,000 associated videos. Other creators have revived themes from series like “Code of Silence” and “Kin.”

In music, nostalgic hits like “Headlock” by Imogen Heap (released in 2005) and “Price Tag” by Jessie J (released in 2011) are resurging in popularity.

Interestingly, a song recorded 64 years ago, initially seen as merely a B-side, found new life on the platform. “Who’s Sorry Now” by Connie Francis has captured the attention of a younger audience, especially after the 87-year-old artist joined TikTok herself.

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The track has gone viral on the platform, racking up video productions totaling over 20 million views. This resurgence occurs 65 years after Francis became the first woman to reach the top of the Billboard Hot 100 Chart. TikTok notes that the song has been used as a soundtrack for positive content featuring family and pets.

Celebrities joining this trend include Nara Smith, Kylie Jenner, and Kim Kardashian.

“This demonstrates that the TikTok community transcends genres and ages,” says Sheemashidiki, Artist Partnership Manager at TikTok. “Whether a song was released last month or decades ago, what matters is that the community can engage creatively with it.”

Source: www.theguardian.com

Is Planet Nine a Myth? Some Astronomers Believe They’ve Discovered a New Dwarf Planet

A potential new dwarf planet has been identified at the distant fringes of our solar system, taking approximately 25,000 years to complete one orbit around the Sun.

This celestial object, designated 2017, was discovered by a team from the Advanced Research Institute and Princeton University who were searching for a “Planet 9,” a hypothesized planet larger than Earth that is believed to orbit beyond Neptune. Some astronomers suspect that this elusive Ninth planet could shed light on the peculiar clustering of various objects and other oddities observed in the outer solar system.

While in pursuit of the elusive Planet Nine, researchers instead came across another resident of our cosmic neighborhood.

“It’s similar to the way Pluto was discovered,” remarked Sihao Cheng, a member of the Advanced Research Institute that spearheaded the research team. “This endeavor was a real adventure.”

If validated, the newly found dwarf planet could be what Chen refers to as Pluton’s “extreme cousin.” The findings were published on the Preprint site arXiv and have yet to undergo peer review.

Cheng and his colleagues estimate that 2017 measures approximately 435 miles in diameter.

Dwarf planets are categorized as celestial bodies orbiting the Sun that possess enough mass and gravity to be nearly round, yet unlike typical planets, they do not clear their orbital paths of asteroids and other objects.

Eritayan, a co-author of the study and a graduate student at Princeton University, noted that one fascinating characteristic of 2017 is its highly elongated orbit. At its most distant points from the Sun, it lies over 1,600 times farther than Earth does from the Sun.

The potential dwarf planets were discovered through a meticulous examination of a vast dataset from a Chilean telescope that was scanning the universe for signs of dark energy. By compiling observations over time, the researchers identified moving objects exhibiting clear patterns.

While 2017 may be one of the most distant known objects in the solar system, its discovery suggests that other dwarf planets may exist in that vast region of space.

“We used public data that had been available for some time,” explained Jiaxuan Li, a graduate student and co-author of the research at Princeton University. “It was just hiding in plain sight.”

Li mentioned that the object is currently located near the Sun, necessitating a wait of about a month for researchers to conduct follow-up observations using ground-based telescopes. They also hope to eventually study the object with the Hubble Space Telescope or the James Webb Space Telescope.

In the meantime, Chen stated he remains committed to the quest for Planet Nine. However, new findings may complicate long-held theories about the existence of such a planet.

The hypothesis surrounding Planet Nine suggests that planets several times Earth’s size in the outer solar system might clarify why certain groups of icy objects seem to have unusually clustered orbits.

“Under the influence of Planet Nine, any object lacking a specific orbital geometry would eventually become unstable and be expelled from the solar system,” Yang explained.

Despite 2017’s long orbit leading it away from clustered objects, Yang’s calculations indicate that its path will remain stable for the next billion years.

In essence, if Planet Nine existed, 2017 would not persist. Yet, Yang emphasized that further research is essential, and the discovery of a new dwarf planet candidate does not definitively rule out Planet Nine’s existence.

For one thing, the simulations currently utilize a single hypothetical location for Planet Nine, and scientists do not all agree on the locations of these planets.

Konstantin Batygin, a planetary science professor at the California Institute of Technology, first proposed the existence of Planet Nine in a 2016 study co-authored with Mike Brown from Caltech.

He remarked that the discoveries related to 2017 neither confirm nor deny the theory. Batygin noted that outer solar system objects that might demonstrate gravitational influences of Planet Nine must have their closest points of orbit remain sufficiently distant and not interact significantly with Neptune.

“Unfortunately, this object does not fall into that category,” Batygin told NBC News. “It’s in a chaotic orbit, so the implications are not significant, as it complicates the scenario.”

Batygin expressed excitement about the new research for providing additional context regarding how objects evolve in the outer solar system, praising the researchers’ efforts in mining public datasets as “heroic.”

Chen, however, remains optimistic about finding Planet Nine.

“The entire project commenced as a search for Planet Nine, and I’m still in that mindset,” he remarked. “This, however, is an enthralling tale of scientific discovery. Whether or not Planet Nine exists, the pursuit is a captivating venture.”

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Study Reveals That Middle-Aged Women Who Drink Caffeinated Coffee May Experience Healthier Aging

A recent study conducted by researchers at Harvard Chan Public Health indicates that caffeine and regular coffee consumption during middle age are modestly and positively linked to various aspects of healthy aging in women. However, no notable correlation was found with tea or caffeinated coffee, whereas increased cola intake was associated with healthy aging and a lower likelihood of related health issues.



Mahdavi et al. Our aim was to explore the relationship between caffeine intake in middle age and the chances of healthy aging in older women participating in nurse health studies. Image credit: Sci.News.

“While earlier studies have linked coffee to specific health outcomes, this research is the first to evaluate coffee’s impact on multiple aspects of aging over three decades,” stated Dr. Sarah Mahadhabi, a researcher at Harvard Chan School of Public Health and the University of Toronto.

“The findings indicate that coffee may uniquely support aging processes that foster both mental and physical well-being.”

“Our study boasts several significant strengths, including a substantial sample size and three decades of follow-up. Moreover, we assessed various elements of longevity and healthy aging, in conjunction with comprehensive data on nutrition and lifestyle habits collected every four years after the study began.”

The research encompassed 47,513 women from the Nurses Health Survey, utilizing dietary and health data gathered since 1984.

Researchers evaluated caffeine consumption using a validated food frequency questionnaire, focusing on major caffeine sources like coffee, tea, cola, and caffeinated coffee.

Healthy aging was characterized as living to age 70 and above, free from 11 major chronic diseases, preserving physical abilities, maintaining mental health, exhibiting no cognitive impairment, and having no memory complaints.

Following 30 years of monitoring, researchers assessed how the probability of healthy aging varied with each additional 80 mg of caffeine consumed daily by the participants.

They also examined specific beverage types, including coffee, tea, caffeinated coffee (per 8-ounce cup), and cola (per 12-ounce glass).

The preliminary analyses identified other factors that might influence healthy aging, such as body weight, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, physical activity levels, educational attainment, and protein intake.

By 2016, 3,706 women in the study met all criteria for being classified as healthy agers.

Women aged between 45-60 typically consumed an average of 315 mg of caffeine daily, with over 80% of that derived from regular coffee consumption.

For those in the Healthy Agers Group, each additional cup of coffee per day was linked to a 2% to 5% increased likelihood of aging well, up to about 5 small cups per day, or approximately 2.5 standard cups by today’s measurements.

Researchers discovered no significant correlation between the consumption of decaffeinated coffee or tea and an elevated likelihood of healthy aging.

Importantly, for each additional glass of soda with caffeine, the chances of healthy aging decreased by 20-26%, indicating that not all caffeine sources are beneficial.

“While these findings are preliminary, they suggest that small, consistent habits can profoundly influence long-term health,” Dr. Mahadhabi noted.

“Moderate coffee intake can provide a range of protective benefits when coupled with other healthy practices, such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding smoking.”

“This study expands on previous evidence linking coffee consumption to healthy aging, but the benefits of coffee are relatively modest compared to the impact of an overall healthy lifestyle, warranting further investigation.”

The findings were presented at the Survey results on June 2nd during the Nutrition 2025 annual meeting hosted by the American Nutrition Association.

____

Sarah Mahadabi et al. Caffeine intake and healthy aging in women. Nutrition 2025 Summary #P22-039-25

Source: www.sci.news

Microsoft Surface Laptop 13-Inch Review: Affordable and Compact Windows 11 Device

Microsoft’s newest Surface laptops are compact and affordable, allowing users to enjoy many of the great features of their larger counterparts in a more portable format, while still delivering impressive performance.


The Surface Laptop 13-inch model features the latest 7th generation laptops, available in 13.8″ and 15″ sizes released last summer. It sits at the lower end of the price spectrum, starting at £899 (1,099 Euro/$900/$1,699), making it an attractive option.

The design of the new 13-inch model blends elements from both the Laptop Go and its larger siblings. It features a glossy LCD touchscreen that, while not the brightest or clearest, looks great for its size. The smooth aluminum surface includes a full-size keyboard that provides a premium typing experience, outclassing many competitors.




The power button doubles as a fingerprint scanner. Photo: Samuel Gibbs/The Guardian

The generously-sized trackpad is smooth and precise, though it features an older hinge design that some might find less tactile compared to newer models from bigger competitors. Nevertheless, it gets the job done, although clicking can be a bit awkward.

The speakers are impressive for the device’s size, and the 1080p webcam performs well even if you don’t utilize Microsoft’s Windows Hello facial recognition for logging in.

Specifications

  • Screen: 13in LCD 1920 x 1280 (178 ppi)

  • Processor: Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus (8 cores)

  • RAM: 16 GB

  • Storage: 256 or 512GB

  • Operating System: Windows 11 Home

  • Camera: 1080p front

  • Connectivity: Wi-Fi 7, Bluetooth 5.4, USB-A, 2X USB-C (3.2), Headphones

  • Size: 285.7 x 214.1 x 15.6mm

  • Weight: 1.2kg

Snapdragon X Plus




The laptop takes approximately 2 hours to fully charge using a 60W or higher power adapter (not included), achieving 50% battery in just 36 minutes. Photo: Samuel Gibbs/The Guardian

The 13-inch model is powered by a mid-range Qualcomm Snapdragon X Plus processor with 8 cores (compared to 10 in larger models). While it may not lead in raw performance, it holds up well against Intel’s offerings and is sufficiently fast for a laptop of this size. Under typical workloads, it remains quiet and efficient, delivering approximately 14 hours of usage with multiple browser tabs and apps open. This is nearly double the battery life of its Intel-based predecessor and rivals Apple’s MacBook Air.

For resource-intensive tasks like large photo editing or other creative software, expect battery life to decrease by nearly half.

The Surface Laptop includes two USB-C (3.2) ports and a USB-A port, suitable for devices of this size. Notably, it lacks USB4/Thunderbolt support and instead uses USB-C for charging.

Windows 11 on Arm




Recall lets you use your timeline or search to revisit what you were doing in various apps. Composite: Samuel Gibbs/Guardian

The Surface runs Windows 11 effectively, avoiding the clutter of unnecessary features and software that often plague competitors. However, there are some compatibility issues with apps designed for ARM processors, like the Snapdragon model, that don’t affect those running on Intel or AMD’s x86 architecture.

Applications that aren’t specifically designed for ARM must run in emulation mode, which can slow them down significantly. Lightweight x86 applications like Evernote perform adequately but lag behind their ARM-native counterparts.

Many popular applications have ARM versions that perform seamlessly, including Google Drive. Until recently, Google Drive was not compatible with Windows on ARM. It’s essential to check for app-specific issues, especially in the creative field, as many major games, including Fortnite, face incompatibility with ARM chips.




Using Copilot in the Edge browser, instead of performing a Google search, you can ask questions related to the site you are currently visiting. Composite: Samuel Gibbs/Guardian

The laptop boasts a Copilot+PC feature that includes an array of Microsoft AI tools. This encompasses a recall function that captures snapshots of your activities, allowing you to revisit what was displayed at specific moments. Users can search recalls using natural language and interact with text, images, or data—like reopening websites browsed in the past.

This feature is opt-in and safely stores screenshots locally on a device protected by fingerprint security, which helps prevent the capture of sensitive information. However, some individuals may view this as a privacy risk.

Other AI tools echo those available on previous Surface models, including a sketch recognition system that can transform hand-drawn sketches into refined artwork. The standout tool is Copilot, integrated into various Microsoft applications such as Word and others in the Office Suite, provided you have a subscription. It functions as a cross between a search tool and an AI assistant, capable of performing tasks like converting data into tables or enhancing written content while working exclusively within Microsoft’s Edge browser.




Clicking serves as a new and efficient way to interact with images, objects, and text on your screen. Composite: Samuel Gibbs/Guardian

Microsoft’s new “Click to do it” feature allows users to press the Windows button and click on an item on the screen to initiate an action. For example, you can use Paint to remove the background from an image or rewrite text with AI. More features are expected to roll out later this year, providing a quicker and more intuitive way to perform AI tasks on your PC.

Sustainability




The sleek aluminum lid appears premium, especially in its purple variant. Photo: Samuel Gibbs/The Guardian

The laptop is generally repairable and features a replaceable SSD, along with self-healing capabilities and a service guide. The device incorporates recycled cobalt and rare earth materials. Microsoft also supports trade-in and recycling programs, and there are affordable repair costs along with a product environmental impact report.

Price

The Microsoft Surface Laptop 13-inch starts at £899 (€1,099/$899.99/$1,699). Orders will ship starting June 10th.

In comparison, the Surface Laptop 13.8-inch costs around £944, the Surface Pro 12-inch is priced at £799, and the Surface Pro 13-inch retails for £1,029. The 13-inch MacBook Air M4 is available for £999.

Verdict

The Surface Laptop 13-inch offers a scaled-down version of Microsoft’s impressive Windows 11 experience.

The overall feel of the device closely resembles its larger sibling, boasting premium materials, a high-quality keyboard, and a clean Windows 11 interface. The 13-inch touchscreen is good but not as exceptional as those on larger models, and the older design of the trackpads still proves functional. Microsoft’s AI tools are evolving, but may not be a decisive factor in purchasing this device.

While the absence of USB4/Thunderbolt and facial recognition might be seen as drawbacks, the relatively lower price compensates for this, just like the less powerful chip. It’s sufficient for everyday productivity tasks and offers impressive battery life, allowing for two full working days between charges. Arm chips come with potential app compatibility concerns that should be examined prior to purchase.

Overall, the Surface Laptop is a delightful device. However, at £900 or its equivalent, it isn’t the cheapest option, and it’s worth considering whether larger, more capable models can be had for a similar price.

Pros: Clean Windows 11 interface, exceptional keyboard, decent trackpad, impressive speakers, USB-A and USB-C connectivity, solid screen, fingerprint reader, long battery life, and good performance enhanced by AI features.

Cons: Compatibility issues with ARM-based apps and games, potential for higher performance from larger siblings, absence of facial recognition, lack of USB4 support, older trackpad design, and slightly expensive for what it offers.




The refined design and premium materials set the Surface Laptop apart from the competition. Photo: Samuel Gibbs/The Guardian

Source: www.theguardian.com

Ancient Enamel Proteins Uncover Biological and Genetic Diversity in Paranthropus robustus

Paranthropus robustus is a well-documented species within the Hominin group that has yet to be associated with genetic evidence. This species thrived in what is now South Africa between 2 million and 1.2 million years ago. In a recent study, paleontologists extracted enamel protein sequences from a dental specimen, believed to be 2 million years old, discovered at the Swartkrans site in South Africa. The results indicate a greater diversity than previously recognized for Paranthropus robustus and support the potential existence of multiple species within the genus.

Paranthropus Boisei. Image credit: ©Roman Yevseyev.

Advancements in ancient DNA (aDNA) sequencing have provided essential insights into the evolutionary connections among mid- to late Pleistocene hominins. However, our understanding of the earlier Pliocene-Pleistocene species, including Paranthropus robustus, remains limited.

This limitation is primarily due to the poor preservation of aDNA in African hominin fossils older than 20,000 years.

Paranthropus robustus has traditionally been regarded as a singular evolutionary line.

Yet, morphological overlaps between Paranthropus robustus and Australopithecus raise questions about their possible evolutionary links.

Moreover, variations in dental morphology suggest either an undiscovered diversity within Paranthropus robustus or the existence of multiple distinct species.

In this study, researchers from the University of Copenhagen, the University of Cape Town, and Dr. Paresa Madupe employed more durable ancient proteins to explore the variation within this ancient human species.

Four tooth enamel proteins were analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry and paleontological techniques, focusing on Paranthropus robustus fossils from the Swartkrans cave.

These specimens, dating from 2.2 to 1.8 million years ago, are among the earliest known hominins.

Molecular analysis of the protein sequences revealed significant variation at the molecular level among Paranthropus robustus individuals, including evidence from both male and female fossils, challenging the reliability of tooth size as a sole indicator of sexual dimorphism and suggesting that this variance cannot be attributed exclusively to sexual differences.

Notably, one individual appears to be genetically distinct from the others, highlighting considerable intraspecies variability within Paranthropus robustus.

The results align with recent morphological evidence, indicating previously unrecognized taxonomic diversity within the genus, including the proposed species Paranthropus capensis.

“Our study illustrates how paleobiological traits can assist in distinguishing sexual dimorphism from other forms of variation in the early Pleistocene human lineage in Africa,” the authors concluded.

The study is published in the journal Science.

____

Paresa P. Madupe et al. 2025. Enamel proteins reveal biological and genetic variation in southern Africa Paranthropus robustus. Science 388 (6750): 969-973; doi: 10.1126/science.adt953

Source: www.sci.news

New Study Reveals No Evidence of Discrepancy in the Hubble Constant

In collaboration with the Chicago-Carnegie Hubble program, astronomers utilizing the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope have conducted new measurements of the Hubble constant. The findings align with the prevailing Lambda Cold Dark Matter (λCDM) model without necessitating the introduction of additional new physics.

This artist’s illustration depicts the universe’s evolution, starting with the Big Bang on the left. Following this, you can see the microwave background of the universe. The formation of the first stars ends the universe’s dark ages, leading to the creation of galaxies. Image credit: M. Weiss/Harvard – Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

“Emerging evidence indicates that standard models of the cosmos remain robust,” stated Professor Wendy Friedman from the University of Chicago.

“While this doesn’t rule out potential inconsistencies with the model in the future, it currently appears consistent concerning the Hubble constant.”

Presently, there are two primary methods for calculating the rate of the universe’s expansion.

The first method involves measuring the residual light from the Big Bang, which still permeates the universe.

This radiation, referred to as the cosmic microwave background, provides astronomers with insights into the universe’s early conditions.

Professor Friedman and her colleagues focus on the second method, which assesses the current rate of expansion in our local astronomical context.

Ironically, this approach poses more challenges than retracing cosmic history due to the difficulty of accurately measuring distances.

Over the last fifty years, scientists have developed several techniques to measure relatively nearby distances.

One method relies on detecting the light from a specific category of stars at their brightest moment when they explode as supernovae at the end of their lifecycle.

By knowing the peak brightness of these supernovae, astronomers can gauge their apparent luminosity and determine the distance.

Further observations reveal how fast the galaxy that the supernova originated from is moving away from us.

Images of CMB radiation captured by the Atacama cosmological telescope, where orange and blue signify differing radiation strengths. Image credit: ACT collaboration.

Professor Friedman has advanced two additional techniques utilizing knowledge from other star types: giant red stars and carbon stars.

However, considerable adjustments are necessary before finalizing these distance measurements.

Astronomers first need to account for cosmic dust that dims the light coming from these distant stars within our galaxy.

It is also critical to verify and correct for any luminosity variations that may occur over time and space.

Lastly, correction for any subtle measurement errors from the instruments utilized is essential.

Fortunately, technological advancements, such as the launch of the more powerful Webb telescope in 2021, have enabled scientists to refine these measurements significantly.

“We have more than doubled the sample of galaxies used to calibrate supernovae,” Professor Friedman noted.

“Statistical enhancements are valuable and will greatly improve the findings.”

The latest calculations from the team, which incorporate data from both the Hubble and Webb telescopes, yield a value of 70.4 km per second, with a margin of error of 3% per megaparsec.

This brings the value into statistical alignment with recent measurements from cosmic microwave background observations at 67.4 km per megaparsec, with an accuracy of plus or minus 0.7%.

The Webb telescope, with four times the resolution of Hubble, allows for the identification of individual stars that were previously recorded as blurry groupings.

It also offers enhanced precision and is approximately ten times more sensitive, enabling the detection of significant objects.

“We’re truly witnessing how remarkable the Webb telescope is for accurately measuring distances to galaxies,” stated Dr. Taylor Hoyt, a researcher at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.

“Its infrared detectors can penetrate the dust that has historically impeded precise distance measurements, enabling much more accurate brightness assessments of stars.”

“Astrophysicists are striving to formulate a theory that might elucidate varying rates of expansion as the universe ages,” Professor Friedman remarked.

“There are over a thousand scholarly papers addressing this issue, and it proves to be exceptionally challenging.”

The team’s research paper was published on May 27th in the Astrophysical Journal.

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Wendy L. Friedman et al. 2025. Status Report on the Chicago Carnegie Hubble Program (CCHP): Measurement of Hubble constants using Hubble and James Webb’s Space Telescopes. APJ 985, 203; doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adce78

Source: www.sci.news

Long-term Studies Show That Small Particles Continue to Display Unexpected Behavior

Long-term conclusive results from US-based experiments have emerged. The latest release on Tuesday highlights a tiny particle behaving unexpectedly, which is still positive news for our understanding of Physics Laws.

“This experiment represents a remarkable achievement in precision,” noted Toba Holmes, an experimental physicist at the University of Tennessee Knoxville, who is not affiliated with the collaboration.

The enigmatic particles known as Muons are heavier than electrons. They exhibit a wobbling motion akin to a spinning top when subjected to a magnetic field, and scientists are scrutinizing this motion to determine its compliance with the well-established physics framework known as the standard model.

Findings from the 1960s and 1970s suggested everything was functioning as expected. However, investigations at Brookhaven National Laboratory in the late 1990s and early 2000s yielded unexpected results.

Decades later, an international coalition of scientists opted to revisit the experiment with enhanced accuracy. The team navigated Muons around magnetic, ring-shaped tracks akin to those used in the initial Brookhaven studies, and recorded the wobble signals at Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory near Chicago.

The outcomes from the initial two sets published in 2021 and 2023 appear to affirm the odd behavior of Muons, encouraging theoretical physicists to reconsider the standard model alongside new metrics.

Recently, the team finalized the experiment and published Muon wobble measurements that align with their earlier findings, utilizing more than double the data collected in 2023.

Nevertheless, this does not finalize the fundamental understanding of what underpins the universe. As Muons travel along their paths, other researchers have devised methods to better harmonize standard models with observed behaviors, leveraging the power of supercomputers.

Further investigation is essential as researchers collaborate, and upcoming experiments will encourage future studies that assess Muon wobble. Scientists are also examining the latest Muon data for insights into other mysterious entities like dark matter.

“This measurement will serve as a benchmark for years to follow,” remarked Marco Incagli from the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics.

In their pursuit of Muons, scientists aim to unravel fundamental questions that have long intrigued physicists, as noted by Peter Winter from the Argonne National Laboratory.

“Isn’t it something we all wish to understand—how the universe operates?” Winter questioned.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Clever Cockatoos Master the Art of Using Public Drinking Fountains

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6tt-ylnz34s

In Sydney, Australia, Okkatoo has mastered the use of public water fountains by turning the handle, a feat not easy for birds. It appears they are imitating one another’s actions.

The Occato, or Kakatua Gallerita, engages in an intellectual competition, as some individuals have figured out how to open waste bins in eastern Sydney. In response, humans devise ways to keep these bins locked while continuing to find methods to open them.

Following reports of similar occurrences with Okkatoos using drinking fountains in western Sydney, Lucy Aplin from the Australian National University and her team temporarily marked 24 Occatos, accounting for a fifth of the local population. They documented the interactions at various drinking fountains, known as Bubblers in Australia.

Okkatoo using Sydney drinking fountain

Klump et al. 2025

During a 44-day observation, Cockatoos made 525 attempts to use a particularly popular fountain. Out of these, 105 attempts were made by 17 of the 24 marked birds. This indicates that about 70% of the more than 100 local birds attempted to use the fountain, according to researchers.

In their natural habitats, these birds typically drink from ponds or water stored in tree hollows near their roosts. However, Aplin notes they seem to prefer using the fountains instead, especially in the morning and evening, which are their regular drinking times before resting.

Researchers even observed more than 10 birds waiting for their turn at one bubbler, but the more dominant birds would often jump the queue.

Despite only 41% of the observed attempts being successful, the act of drinking from the fountain is certainly not a trivial task for these birds, according to Aplin.

“Birds must navigate their bodies through complicated movements,” she explains. “They often place one foot on the drinking fountain’s base and twist the handle with the other foot while leaning in to leverage their weight.”

She suspects that once an individual learns the technique, others follow suit by mimicking the actions.

“This serves as a clear example of culture—newly socially transmitted behaviors—which might surprise those who view culture as solely a human trait,” says Christina Zdenek from the University of Queensland, Australia. “Their innovative abilities in accessing new food and water sources are remarkable across the Tree of Life.”

Why are the Okkatoos doing this? Aplin posits that the water may taste superior to muddy pond water, or perhaps the bubbler offers a safer alternative from predators. It could also be a trend fueled by their thirst for innovation.

topic:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Private Ispace Resilience Probes Set to Land on the Moon This Week

Artist’s depiction of the Resilience lunar lander

ispace

The private spacecraft is set to attempt a landing this week. Should the Japanese company ISPACE succeed on this attempt, it would mark a historic achievement as the first non-US enterprise to land on the moon, following a failed attempt in 2023.

ISPACE’s Resilience Lander embarked on its journey towards the moon on January 15th. It launched with the assistance of a SpaceX rocket and Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost Lander. While Blue Ghost made a successful landing on March 2nd, Resilience traveled a longer path, traversing deeper into space before entering lunar orbit on May 6th. This intricate route was essential for landing in the hard-to-reach northern plains of Mare Frigoris, which had been uncharted by previous lunar missions.

If the probe executes its landing operations successfully, it will commence its landing sequence on June 5th at approximately 7:20 PM BST, with a landing in Mare Frigoris scheduled an hour later. The landing attempt will be broadcast live on ISPACE’s YouTube channel.

The lander is outfitted with six diverse experiments, including a device capable of splitting moisture into hydrogen and oxygen for usable resources, a module for producing food from algae, and a radiation monitor for deep space studies. Additionally, it will deploy a 5-kilogram rover named Tenalious, tasked with exploring the lunar surface and capturing images during its anticipated two-week mission.

This marks ISPACE’s second attempt at a lunar landing, following the initial Hakuto-R spacecraft, which lost communication and crash-landed on the moon. The company asserts that it has enhanced Resilience with improved sensors leveraging data gathered from the initial mission, yet challenges remain, particularly in slowing the spacecraft from several hundred kilometers per hour to a complete stop in just three minutes. Should ISPACE choose to abort the landing on June 5th, there are three alternate landing sites and dates prepared as contingencies.

Topic:

Source: www.newscientist.com

“Invasive Termites from Florida Have the Potential to Spread Globally”

Egg mass containing invasive adult termites Coptotermes gestroi

T Chouvenc, UF/IFAS

Florida’s latest termites offer a unique two-for-one deal, but there’s no celebration for them. Two species of invasive wood-eating insects have interbred, resulting in hybrid colonies that can produce extraordinarily resilient termites, posing a threat to both buildings and forests.

The results are “intriguing and unexpected,” notes Edouard Duquesne, a researcher at the Free University of Brussels, who was not part of the study. “The viable hybrids of these species could have a significantly broad geographic range, leading to highly invasive termites capable of causing severe damage.”

Since 2010, termite infestations have resulted in $40 billion in annual losses, with around 80% attributed to the Coptotermes genus. The Formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus) have invaded many warm temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, while their Asian counterpart, Coptotermes gestroi, has expanded from Southeast Asia to tropical areas worldwide. Since the late 1990s, both species have overlapped in southern Florida, according to Thomas Chouvenc at the University of Florida.

In 2015, Chouvenc and his team demonstrated that these two species could produce hybrid offspring in controlled environments. By 2021, Chouvenc discovered alates—winged termites that establish new colonies—with characteristics merging those of the Formosan and the smaller, darker Asian species. These hybrids were identified in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and were confirmed through genetic testing. A hybrid nest was also found in a local park adjacent to the marina.

In 2024, the existence of wild hybrids was validated by Taiwanese researchers, confirming that these species have coexisted for a century in southern Florida.

“It’s only a matter of time before we see hybridization and the establishment of hybrid populations wherever these two species coexist,” warns Chouvenc.

Researchers have also observed that first-generation hybrid females can mate with males from either parent species. Chouvenc expresses concern that gene flow between the species could lead to the emergence of a termite population that thrives in a wider range of environmental conditions, including temperature variations. The proximity of these termites to a busy port heightens the risk that such hybrids could be transported globally.

“We [humans] didn’t pay enough attention, and as a result, we’ve allowed these termites to spread,” Chouvenc added.

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Will AI Displace Entry-Level Jobs? | Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Greetings and welcome to TechScape. This week, I’ve been contemplating how different my initial foray into journalism would have been if generative AI had existed. Additionally, Elon Musk leaves a trail of perplexity behind him, while influencers explore the art of selling texts that inspire AI-generated artwork.

AI Endangers the Jobs of Recent Graduates

Executives within Genetic Artificial Intelligence shared rigorous evaluations of the entry-level job landscape last week, indicating that the positions secured with degrees might soon be at risk.

Dario Amodei, CEO of Anthropic, has developed the versatile AI model Claude. In an interview with Axios last week, he projected that AI could eliminate half of all entry-level white-collar jobs, potentially driving the overall unemployment rate to 20% within five years. A possible explanation for such alarming forecasts from AI executives may be linked to their desire to amplify the appeal of their products, suggesting they possess the capability to dismantle significant corporate structures.

Should your purchasing and employment choices align with Amodei’s vision, consider investing in his products and stay ahead of the productivity curve. Amodei announced a new iteration of CEO CLOUDE the very same week he shared these insights. Similarly, OpenAI’s Sam Altman has adopted a comparable strategy.

Nonetheless, voices outside the AI creation circle reflect Amodei’s warnings. Steve Bannon, an influential podcast host and former Trump administration member, echoed Amodei’s concerns, suggesting that automated employment will pose a significant challenge in the 2028 US presidential campaign. A March report from the Washington Post indicated that over a quarter of all US programming positions had vanished over two years, attributing this trend to the disruptive impact of ChatGPT’s release in late 2022.

A few days before Amodei’s comments, a LinkedIn executive provided a stark evaluation based on data from the social network. A New York Times essay emphasized, “You can observe the Lang below your career’s ladder.”

“Growing evidence points to artificial intelligence posing a genuine threat to a substantial number of jobs traditionally assigned to new graduates,” stated Anesh Raman, LinkedIn’s Chief Economic Opportunity Officer.

The US Federal Reserve recently released findings regarding the job market for college graduates in the first quarter of 2025. The Federal Reserve’s report indicated, “The labor market for college graduates deteriorated significantly in the first quarter of 2025, with the unemployment rate rising to 5.8%, the highest level since 2021.” The Fed did not specify any particular causes for this decline.

AI’s influence on entry-level roles is likely to result in a restructuring of these positions. The job market might oscillate between Amodei’s bleak outlook and the pre-ChatGPT era. Familiarity with AI will become essential, akin to proficiency in Microsoft Office, and employers will expect enhanced productivity standards. If a robot can handle the majority of the tasks assigned to a junior software engineer, it will necessitate a fivefold increase in output, similar to the previous expectations.

In late April, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella claimed that AI is responsible for 30% of Microsoft’s code. This could signify the future landscape of software development. While it may hold some truth, it is also plausible that Nadella, leading a company capitalizing on the AI boom, is exaggerating its contributions in an effort to market it. Mark Zuckerberg from Meta has made even bolder assertions, suggesting that his company may no longer require mid-level coders by the end of 2025, following a 5% staff reduction.

Last year’s photo of Meta director Mark Zuckerberg. Photo: Manuel Orbegozo/Reuters

Nevertheless, the immediate transition can be quite challenging. Recent graduates may find themselves ill-equipped, as their educational experiences did not emphasize AI, leading employers to doubt their preparedness for this evolving job landscape.

This predicament is not solely the fault of graduates; employers often remain unclear about their expectations surrounding AI. Axios has been investigating Amodei’s forecast, detailing how AI job cuts are advancing rapidly. Companies are hopeful that they can find alternatives to hiring employees by banking on AI’s capacity to fulfill similar roles.

An example from journalism might serve as a cautionary tale. Entry-level journalism jobs often involve compiling news from various sources in a manner consistent with the employing organization. AI can perform this task effectively when accuracy is ensured. When I first began, I spent several years refining my skills in this area. The trends indicated by Amodei’s claims resonate within our industry, where entry-level positions are in decline. Recently, Business Insider, a digital publication focused on finance and business news, terminated 20% of its workforce, with CEO Barbara Penn asserting the newsroom will prioritize “AI-first” strategies.

Axios itself highlights revelations concerning its own AI policies during an Amodei interview.

“Axios requests that managers clarify why AI is not suitable for particular tasks before allowing it to proceed,” the disclosure notes. The parentheses signal awareness that involving AI in the writing process could be detrimental to the brand. It further indicates that there may be no intention of refilling vacant positions, suggesting that AI may soon be expected to fill those roles.

This Week in AI

Musk’s Departure Leaves a Chaotic Mark

Elon Musk at the White House in April. Photo: Bloomberg/Getty Images

Last week, Elon Musk inferred his resignation from the White House, announcing the end of his controversial tenure as the de facto director of the “Doctor of Government Efficiency” (DOGE) under President Trump. Following his announcement, Trump convened a press conference to facilitate his departure. According to The New York Times, Musk claimed he had a drug that was heavily utilized during the campaign.

My colleague Nick Robbins noted the chaos left in Musk’s wake:

As Musk departed, he orchestrated the disruption of a half-formed strategy, dismantling institutions hindered by his allies implanted in key federal posts. His exit has already induced disorder within the government and heightened uncertainty, sparking inquiries about the extent of the vague task force’s influence in his absence—while others scramble to realign programs and services he obliterated.

Musk’s initial DOGE pitch aimed to save $2 trillion from the budget by eliminating excessive waste and fraud, alongside modernizing government software to enhance agency operations. So far, DOGE asserts it will yield approximately $140 billion in savings, although its claims have been criticized for significant inaccuracies. Trump’s new tax policies, not linked to DOGE, are projected to outpace DOGE’s savings while adding $2.3 trillion to the deficit. The promise of new, modernized software frequently centers around artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, which are already in use by the Biden administration.

Ultimately, DOGE’s primary impact remains the disassembly of crucial government services and humanitarian support. Its cuts have targeted essential organizations like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Officials responsible for weather predictions and disaster management have been put in jeopardy, similar to the protections offered to the Veterans Affairs Bureau. Numerous smaller agencies, including those managing homelessness policy within the Veterans Affairs Bureau, have faced shutdowns. DOGE’s measures have crippled numerous agencies, leaving uncertainty regarding whether Musk’s departing staff are tasked with updating services or merely shutting them down.

As Musk re-engages with Tesla and SpaceX, the organizations he has dismantled are left to tackle the remnants of his decisions.

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As Musk resumes leadership of his tech ventures, many former employees and inexperienced engineers recruited for DOGE will still be entrenched within government departments. A prominent concern about DOGE’s future revolves around whether these staff members maintain access to sensitive government data, preserving the same authority they wielded under Musk.

Read the timeline for Musk’s ventures in Washington.

Navigating Misinformation

Influencers Selling AI Art Prompts

ChatGPT logo featured on a keyboard. Photo: Jaque Silva/Nurphoto/Rex/Shutterstock

Would you consider purchasing instructions for ChatGPT?

Two weeks ago, the Instagram account @voidstomper, known for grotesque AI-generated videos and boasting 2.2 million followers, began selling unique prompts. The offer included ten prompts that contributed to the generation of the AI-powered videos posted by the account.

voidstomper remarked, “I initially hesitated to sell these, but I’m broke and they’re still going viral. Ten horrifying raw prompts I used, which garnered millions of views. Some may be illogical, but I utilize them across all AI video platforms.” The account manager has not responded to interview requests.

It’s not an isolated case. There is a burgeoning market for selling AI prompts. According to Promptbase founder Ben Stokes, the platform currently features around 20,000 sellers participating. Thousands of prompts are sold monthly, with writers compensating for their creations since 2022.

voidstomper marketed prompts designed for specific video creations, whereas buyers receive generalized templates rather than finite directives, as stated by Stokes.

“For instance, if a prompt is for creating a vintage-style poster of a renowned landmark, it will include a section like [LANDMARK NAME]. You could customize it with your local pier or any landmark you choose to depict,” he explained.

However, why would one purchase a text string that they could input themselves?

“Certain groups seek out high-quality, robust prompts for business applications. They wish to effectively integrate AI into their products or workflows. This typically necessitates prompts that yield consistent and reliable outputs. While the general perception is that ChatGPT is free, running sufficient generations to achieve a desired result could be expensive for businesses. Thus, investing in a prompt can be a more economical solution.

Even within the niche of AI-generated art, some view the selling of prompts as absurd. Holyfool36, an Instagram and TikTok influencer previously featured in this newsletter, expressed his distaste for such practices via email: “Frankly, I find it disappointing for the art community. Generating AI doesn’t require specialized skills; most people can figure out how to adapt prompts themselves without any cost.”

“I know voidstomper personally and have interacted with him frequently. I advised that the best way to monetize this would be to sell authentic and tangible products related to that brand.

Broader Technological Landscape

Source: www.theguardian.com

Paleontologists Discover New Biomarkers for Identifying Megafauna Species in Australia’s Fossil Record

Paleontologists have discovered peptide markers for three extinct Australian megafauna. This breakthrough facilitates research on creatures such as hippo-sized wombats, colossal kangaroos, and marsupials with enormous claws, aiding our understanding of the series of enigmatic extinctions that took place 50,000 years ago and the potential role of humans in these events.



Palorchestes Azael. Image credit: Nellie Pease/CABAH/CC BY-SA 4.0.

“The geographical distribution and extinction timeline of Australia’s megafauna, along with their interaction with early modern humans, are subjects of intense debate,” commented Professor Katerina Dorca from the University of Vienna.

“The limited fossil finds at various paleontological sites across Australia complicate the testing of hypotheses regarding the extinction of these animals,” added Dr. Kali Peters, Ph.D., of the University of Algarbe.

“Using ZooMS (Zoo departments by mass spectrometry) can aid in increasing the number of identified megafauna fossils, provided that collagen peptide markers for these species are accessible.”

Through the analysis of peptides in collagen samples, researchers can differentiate between various animal species, occasionally even distinguishing among different variants.

Collagen proves to be more resilient than DNA, making this method effective in tropical conditions where DNA may not endure.

However, most reference markers originate from Eurasian species that are not found elsewhere.

This study aims to develop new reference markers tailored for Australian contexts, enhancing the understanding gleaned from the fragmented fossil records of Australia.

“Proteins tend to endure better over extensive time periods and in harsh environments compared to DNA,” noted Dr. Peters.

“Thus, in studying megafauna extinction, proteins might still be preserved even in the absence of DNA.”

The research focused on three species crucial for comprehending megafauna extinction: Zygomaturus trilobus, Palorchestes Azael, and Protemnodon Mamkurra.

Zygomaturus trilobus and Palorchestes Azael belong to a lineage of animals that vanished entirely during the late Quaternary period, while Protemnodon Mamkurra survived long enough to likely coexist with humans arriving in Tasmania.

Scientists previously dated fossilized bones from one species back over 43,000 years.

Zygomaturus trilobus was among the largest marsupials that ever lived, appearing much like a hippo-sized wombat,” said Professor Douka.

Protemnodon Mamkurra was a massive, sluggish kangaroo that might have occasionally walked on all fours.”

Palorchestes Azael was a uniquely shaped marsupial with a distinctive nose and long tongue, powerful forelimbs, and a skull equipped with large claws.”

“If ancient continents connected early modern humans to what we now know as Australia, New Guinea, and Tasmania 55,000 years ago, they would have encountered astonishing creatures.”

The researchers eliminated contaminants and compared peptide markers using reference markers.

The collagen in all three samples was well-preserved, enabling the identification of appropriate peptide markers for each species.

With these markers, paleontologists successfully differentiated Protemnodon from five living genera and one extinct genus of kangaroo.

They could also differentiate Zygomaturus and Palorchestes as these two species couldn’t be distinguished from other large extinct marsupials.

This is common in ZooMS, given that collagen changes accumulate slowly over millions of years of evolution.

Unless further studies enhance specificity, these markers are most effective at identifying bones at the genus level rather than the species level.

Nevertheless, Zoom’s ability to distinguish genera from temperate regions presents opportunities to try and identify bones from tropical regions, where closely related species may feature similar or identical peptide markers, since DNA preservation is rare in these environments.

“The introduction of newly developed collagen peptide markers allows us to identify a multitude of megafauna remains in Australia’s paleontological collections,” stated Dr. Peters.

“Yet, many more species still require characterization through collagen peptide markers.”

“For instance, Diprotodon, the largest marsupial genus ever known, and Thylacoleo, the largest marsupial predator.”

The team’s findings will be published in the journal Frontiers in Mammal Science.

____

Kari Peters et al. 2025. Collagen peptide markers from three Australian megafauna species. Front. Mammal. Sci. 4; doi:10.3389/fmamm.2025.1564287

Source: www.sci.news

AI, Bot Farms, and Innocent Indie Victims: The Dark Side of Music Streaming Scams

The music industry is currently facing a struggle, particularly regarding the operations of streaming services, with unsuspecting indie artists caught in the crossfire.

Streaming platforms like Spotify and Apple Music are inundated with AI-generated tracks, which are cheap and easy to produce. In April, Deather estimated that 20,000 fully AI-created tracks—making up 18% of new releases—were being consumed daily, nearly double the number from January. Scammers often employ bots, AI, or even humans to loop these fake songs repeatedly to generate revenue, while some exploit upload services to place counterfeit songs on legitimate artist pages, siphoning off royalties.

Spotify has begun penalizing the most egregious offenders, with the statement that it is utilizing “significant engineering resources and investigations into the detection, mitigation, and removal of artificial streaming activities.” Meanwhile, Apple Music contends that “less than 1% of all streams are manipulated.” While this might sound reassuring, the global streaming business generated $20.4 billion (according to IFPI), indicating that hundreds of millions of dollars could be lost annually to fraudulent operators.

One significant issue arises from the drastically lowered entry barriers for musicians; uploading a song to streaming platforms is now much simpler than producing CDs and vinyl. However, this ease has similarly afforded fraudsters an easier path. Though the industry has declared war on this manipulation, the automatic detection systems can mistakenly flag innocent artists, leading to their music being taken down.




Spotify’s headquarters in New York. Photo: John Nacion Imaging/Shutterstock

Darren Owen, COO of music streaming service Fuga, identified a “surge in streaming scams” spreading throughout the industry since around 2021.

Utilizing AI and machine learning, FUGA assigns a “severity score” to streaming patterns and distinguishes “nonhuman listening habits” to uncover fraudulent activities. “I wouldn’t listen to the same song on different devices at once,” Owen states. Countries like India, Vietnam, Thailand, and certain areas in Eastern Europe have been flagged as hotspots for click-farm operations utilizing low-wage labor. “It’s also been revealed that organized crime is involved,” he adds.

It’s not just platforms like Germany’s Pimpyourfollower.de, which was taken down following a court order. Similar services in Canada and Brazil are also facing scrutiny from record industry trade organizations for inflating streaming numbers artificially. Universal Music Group (UMG), the world’s largest record label, has allegedly conspired to boost play counts for Kendrick Lamar’s diss track “None Like Us.”

The Guardian has spoken with several artists who find themselves in the firing line of this manipulation war.

Darren Hemmings, managing director and musician at the music marketing company Motive Unknown, reported that a recent EP saw a track’s plays spike over 1,000—an indication of manipulation. “I don’t blame them for concluding that,” he says, but adds, “it’s very much like being judged, tried, and executed all at once.” He insists he did not manipulate his streams but couldn’t identify the cause aside from climbing popularity among real listeners.

The Northern Irish rock band Final 13 experienced their music being removed from streaming services due to a sudden spike of tens of thousands of plays. They believe this surge resulted from airplay on Radio 1, yet concluded their distributors were caught up in automated manipulation. “It’s really tough for any artist to prove they didn’t [manipulate streams], but it’s even more challenging for Spotify to justify what they did,” remarks their drummer, Doubes. “[They] take it down, and that’s the end of it.”




Matthew Whiteside at night… Photo: Julie Houden

Indie artist Adam J. Morgan, known as Naked Burner, earned over 10,000 streams in a week, likely due to his music being featured in TikTok videos, but was flagged as suspicious by distributor Routenote. “I hadn’t done anything wrong, and they offered no evidence,” he states, suspecting that it was simply due to an overly sensitive algorithm. “I spent the weekend trying to understand the problem, but Spotify informed me that my music wasn’t flagged at all.” Routenote did not respond to a request for comment.

Such takedowns can disrupt musicians, hinder marketing efforts, and ultimately affect earnings. Matthew Whiteside, who heads TNW Music Label, has faced claims of artificial streaming for three different albums. He noted that TNW Music tracks had been included in a controlled playlist. “It didn’t make sense based on genre. My distributor said I could resubmit the album for $40 each time, but that’s not feasible without assurance of success.”

“Streaming generally favors smaller acts and niche genres,” he observes. “I’d be thrilled to get 1,000 streams a month with an album.” Consequently, paying to re-upload an album can be beyond the release budget.

Deezer claims to be leading the way in implementing fraud detection mechanisms. “We monitor various metrics to help our algorithms determine user authenticity,” says Thibault Roucou, reporting director at the company’s royalties department. “When we initiate a takedown, we manually review the situation to ensure it’s a serious issue.”

Regrettably, many systems that execute takedowns often presume guilt, and the appeal processes can be so complicated that many small acts, already struggling, simply give up. Levina, who represented Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest in 2017, experienced her music being removed from streaming platforms without any warning. “Appealing against them is nearly impossible,” she sighs.




Levina is the chairman of the Artist Council in the Association of High-profile Artists. Photo: Sam Rockman

She is also the chair of the Artists Council within the Feature Artists Coalition, working to establish “minimum standards for what distributors should provide.” She suggests implementing a traffic light warning system, allowing artists the opportunity to present their defense or rectify issues.

Streaming platforms and distributors assert that the focus is on containment rather than complete removal. However, Owen notes that the current issue isn’t solely about scammers perpetrating large-scale manipulations but involves subtle adjustments to numerous tracks to avoid detection.

For Hemmings, this situation could result in a two-tier streaming landscape where smaller acts abandon mainstream platforms. “This might lead to the conclusion that focusing on alternative revenue streams is a wiser choice for many within the independent music community.”

Source: www.theguardian.com

New Research Hints That Our Milky Way May Avoid Collision with Andromeda Galaxy

The Milky Way galaxy is often believed to be on a collision path with the neighboring Andromeda galaxy. This merger, anticipated roughly 5 billion years in the future, is expected to create a new elliptical galaxy. However, recent studies indicate that the likelihood of such a catastrophic event may be less than previously assumed.

These images depict three encounter scenarios between the Milky Way galaxy and the neighboring Andromeda galaxy. Top left: Messier 81 and Messier82. TopRight: NGC6786. BOTTOM: NGC 520. Image credits: NASA/ESA/STSCI/DSS/Till Sawala, Helsinki University/Joseph Depasquale, STSCI.

The Milky Way navigates through space, its trajectory affected by the gravitational forces from nearby galaxies, including Andromeda, Triangulum, and the Large Magellanic Cloud.

Consequently, prior studies have proposed for over a decade that the Milky Way is likely to collide with Andromeda, forming a new elliptical galaxy referred to as Milkomeda in about 5 billion years.

Dr. Thiru Sawara, an astronomer at the University of Helsinki, stated:

In their latest research, Dr. Sawara and colleagues utilized updated data from the ESA Gaia satellite and the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope to model the Milky Way’s movement through space over the next 10 billion years, while also refining estimates of the masses of local galaxies.

They discovered that there is about a 50% chance that no collision will occur between the Milky Way and Andromeda during this time frame.

The authors suggest that previous analyses overlooked certain calculations and uncertainties, including the gravitational influence of the Large Magellanic Cloud (a smaller galaxy orbiting the Milky Way).

They also propose that a merger with the Magellanic Clouds is nearly certain within the next two billion years, prior to any potential interaction with Andromeda.

“Even with the latest and most precise observational data at hand, the future of local galaxy groups remains uncertain,” Dr. Sawara remarked.

“Interestingly, there are roughly equal probabilities of widely discussed merger scenarios or, conversely, scenarios where the Milky Way and Andromeda remain unaffected.”

The team’s findings will be featured this week in the journal Nature Astronomy.

____

T. Sawara et al. There is no certainty regarding the Milky Way and Andromeda collision. Nature Astronomy. Published online on June 2, 2025. doi:10.1038/s41550-025-02563-1

Source: www.sci.news

Lawmakers Claim Apple and Google are Capitalizing on Rising Phone Theft | Crime

Lawmakers have accused Apple and Google of benefiting from millions of pounds linked to mobile phone theft operations that police claim are orchestrated by organized crime networks in the UK, Algeria, and China.

In London alone, 80,000 mobile devices were stolen in 2024, marking a significant increase from 64,000 in 2023—an uptick of a quarter. The total street value of these devices is estimated to be around £20 million, with iPhones constituting the majority of the thefts.

During a session of the House of Representatives’ Science and Technology Committee on Tuesday, the Metropolitan Police indicated that smartphone manufacturers should actively work to diminish the resale value of stolen devices. They noted that companies are starting to prevent stolen phones from accessing cloud services, which could help in this regard.

However, despite calls for action since 2023, the companies have yet to respond positively, commented Darren Scates, the Metropolitan Police’s chief officer for digital data and technology.

“We’ve observed significant community impact,” remarked Martin Wrigley, a liberal Democrat on the committee. “[The companies] should implement this immediately, without excuses.”

When questioned about their inaction, representatives from the companies highlighted existing security features aimed at protecting customer data.

Simon Wingrove, Google’s software engineering manager, asserted that their system is “robust and highly effective.”

Gary Davis, Apple’s senior director of regulatory affairs, acknowledged that account disconnection due to fraud poses a challenge, as it can delete accounts that unauthorized users wish to regain access to.

Kit Malthouse, a Conservative former police minister, suggested that Apple has a strong commercial incentive to maintain the status quo, stating that the £50 million loss from stolen phones in London each year favors their business model.

He also proposed that Apple may be profiting from providing services to a vast number of users who own stolen mobile phones worldwide.

In response, Davis asserted: “We do not profit from this situation. We must reject the notion that users can somehow gain from the distress of having their phones stolen. We have invested hundreds of millions to ensure user protections.”

The Metropolitan Police reported a 15% decline in all types of thefts during April and May, with roughly two-thirds of mobile phone thefts decreasing. Commander James Conway cautioned that this is a “tentative reduction,” attributing it to enhanced police focus on mobile theft and user safety. Scotland Yard recently acquired a fleet of high-speed electric bikes to pursue thieves more effectively.

Conway noted that theft and robbery are “easy crimes to commit” in London, citing how young adults can use high-powered e-bikes to swiftly package stolen phones in silver foil or Faraday bags to evade detection, then transfer them to mid-market resellers.

The majority of stolen phones are high-end Apple models, with police estimating that such devices are sold on the streets for between £300 and £400. The trade is driven by the relatively high costs of phone usage in low-income regions. Over 90% of stolen mobile phones are reused, while the remainder is dismantled for parts, with screens being particularly valuable.

The hearing began as Malthouse witnessed an attempted phone theft by two masked individuals on a bike while en route to Congress on Tuesday morning.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Research Reveals This Popular Pantry Staple Can Help Lower Your Cholesterol Daily

Regularly incorporating chickpeas into your diet can lead to a notable reduction in cholesterol levels. Discover more at the Nutrition 2025 Meeting in Orlando.

A 12-week research study by the Illinois Institute of Technology explored the impact of consuming one glass of chickpeas or black beans daily with a group of 72 pre-diabetic adults.

Participants were randomly assigned to consume chickpeas, black beans, or rice (as a control) along with their usual meals. Blood samples were taken at the beginning, middle, and conclusion of the study to monitor alterations in cholesterol, inflammation, and blood glucose levels.

The findings indicated that total cholesterol levels dropped significantly from an average of 200.4 to 185.8 milligrams per deciliter after 12 weeks of daily chickpea intake.

Among the legumes studied, only chickpeas were linked to lower cholesterol. “No significant changes in cholesterol were detected with black bean consumption,” stated Morgan Smith, who spoke to doctoral candidates from the Illinois Institute of Technology presenting their research at the conference. BBC Science Focus.

Additionally, chickpeas appeared to reduce inflammation in the short term. “By the six-week mark of chickpea consumption, we noted a significant decline in highly sensitive C-reactive protein (HS-CRP),” Smith remarked. This protein serves as a marker for inflammation in the body.

“Nevertheless, these results diminished by week 12. Although HS-CRP remained lower at week 12 compared to the baseline, the distinctions were no longer statistically significant,” she explained.

Conversely, while black beans did reduce inflammation, they did not impact cholesterol levels.

These results imply that chickpeas and black beans may provide varied health advantages due to their unique nutritional compositions.

Participants consuming one glass of chickpeas daily for 12 weeks experienced a significant reduction in cholesterol levels. – Getty

“We are currently investigating this, particularly concerning the bioactive components that set apart black beans from chickpeas,” Smith added. “We are analyzing the (poly)phenol content of both the intervention and the corresponding metabolite profile in the blood.”

Smith noted that chickpeas and black beans were selected for their “richness in dietary fiber, plant-based proteins, and bioactive compounds,” and for their convenience as canned options.

“Participants were in a free-living state and simply asked to integrate canned black beans or chickpeas into their regular diet without any specific preparation guidelines,” she stated.

While the study did not yield changes in blood glucose levels, researchers are still examining data related to glucose regulation and plan to explore how legumes influence gut microbiota.

“We are particularly focused on identifying changes in microbial metabolites, like short-chain fatty acids, and how these alterations enhance metabolic health outcomes,” Smith remarked.

“Ultimately, our aim is to deepen our understanding of the connections between diet, microbiome, and chronic disease prevention.”

The complete findings of this study are yet to be published in peer-reviewed journals.

About our experts

Morgan Smith is a doctoral candidate in food science and nutrition at Illinois Institute of Technology. She has contributed to peer-reviewed research featured in the journals Nutrition and Healthy Aging and Metabolites.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Sahara Dust Clouds Suffocating the Caribbean en Route to the U.S.

San Juan, Puerto Rico – Enveloped in a significant amount of dust clouds from the Sahara Desert, the Caribbean is headed towards the US on Monday for one of the year’s most noteworthy events.

These clouds have expanded from Jamaica, stretching approximately 2,000 miles (3,200 kilometers) past Barbados in the Eastern Caribbean, and about 750 miles (1,200 kilometers) from the Turks and Caicos Islands down to Trinidad and Tobago.

“It’s quite remarkable,” noted Alex Dasilva, a hurricane expert at Accuweather.

The hazy skies have triggered sneezing, coughing, and watery eyes throughout the Caribbean. Local meteorologists are advising individuals with allergies, asthma, or other respiratory issues to stay indoors or wear face masks when outside.

Idiana Zayas, a forecaster at the National Weather Service in San Juan, Puerto Rico, reported elevated dust levels.

As per the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, an aerosol’s optical depth quantifies how many particles obstruct sunlight from reaching the ground.

The plume is anticipated to reach Florida, Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi later this week and over the weekend, Dasilva mentioned.

However, he indicated that plumes often lose much of their density in the Eastern Caribbean.

“These islands typically face higher concentrations that can partially block sunlight, leading to more noticeable effects,” he remarked.

The dry, dusty air known as the Saharan air layer originates from the African Sahara Desert and travels westward from around April to October, according to NOAA. It also hinders the formation of tropical waves during the Atlantic hurricane season, which runs from June 1 to November 30.

June and July generally see the highest average dust concentrations, with plumes moving between 5,000 and 20,000 feet above ground, Dasilva pointed out.

In June 2020, record levels of Sahara dust filled the Caribbean. The scale and density of the plume were unprecedented in half a century, prompting forecasters to label it the “Godzilla Dust Cloud.”

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Video Star: Energizing VJ Culture to Adapt Hollywood Films for Uganda

oOn a recent Saturday afternoon in Kampala’s informal settlement in Uganda’s capital, a crowd of young men gathered on benches inside a dimly lit shed to enjoy the pirated version of the Hollywood comedy horror film “The Monkey.”

As the English action played out on the screen, a narrated translation in Bantu Luganda by VJ Junior, one of Uganda’s leading video jockeys, reverberated throughout the room.

By freely translating films and TV shows for local audiences, VJ Junior has become a key figure in the TV and film culture across rural and low-income areas of East Africa.

These VJs act as part narrators and part comedians, often simplifying scripts and placing them in relatable contexts. For instance, they might replace a character’s name with that of a local individual or swap out a Western concept for a Ugandan analogy.

Ugandans will view the film “The Monkey” in April at a video hall in Katwe, Kampala. Photo: Carlos Mureithi/The Guardian

In one notable scene, a father discusses his son’s absence, stating, “So I’m away because I have to carry all sorts of weird baggage and deal with it,” to which he adds, “It’s the bad… the evil… that I’ve inherited from my father, and I don’t want to share that with you.”

VJ Junior summarized this moment with: “The reason I didn’t want to be with you is that I am weighed down by burdens. I inherited mental anguish, demonic influences, curses, and more from my father.”

VJs have the ability to infuse humor, exaggeration, and distinctive sound effects into their translations, sometimes diverging significantly from the original script.

Having grown up in Kampala during the 1990s, VJ Junior, born Mary Smart Matobu, developed a passion for film and frequently enjoyed Hollywood movies translated by VJs.

VJ Junior shares that his role involves “helping people understand, entertain, and draw inspiration from films.” Photo: Carlos Mureithi/The Guardian

In 2006, he entered the field, inheriting a recording studio from his older brother, VJ Ronnie, and later moved to the U.S. to pursue filmmaking. He recalled that his debut as a VJ, while working on “Rambo III,” “lacked finesse,” but he enhanced his skills by studying iconic figures like KK The Best and VJ Jingo.

VJ Junior’s big break came in 2009 with the translation of “Promise,” a Filipino soap opera for local channel Bukedde TV. “It was a massive success and became a significant brand for me,” the 40-year-old noted. “People began to trust my work.”


rRonnie’s Entertainment, the bustling video store in Katwe, drew shoppers eager to browse shelves crammed with thousands of VJ DVDs. Employees were busy copying movies onto customers’ flash drives. A DVD would sell for 2,000 Ugandan shillings (£0.41), with the flash drive copy costing 1,000 shillings.

Shop owner Ronald Zentongo reported vending hundreds of films and television shows daily, revealing that blockbuster titles include Marvel films and series like “Prison Break” and “24.” “Customers eagerly anticipate VJ Junior’s translations.”

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The culture of Ugandan video jockeys emerged from the colonial practice where evangelists provided microphones to translate Christian films for local audiences. The 1980s saw the rise of video halls as VHS foreign films became more accessible. To bridge the language gap, video hall operators enlisted VJs to translate these films into local languages in real time.

With advancements in technology, VJs have transitioned from VHS to VCDs, and now to DVDs and flash drives. Numerous websites have popped up, allowing viewers to stream and download content via subscriptions.

The industry is also diversifying; some VJs are now dubbing Ugandan films and TV shows, with new VJs translating into languages beyond Luganda, the predominant language in the country.

A DVD being sold at Ronnie Entertainment. Photo: Carlos Mureithi/The Guardian

By adapting foreign films and series for Ugandan viewers, VJs foster a sense of belonging, as noted by Imokola John Baptist, a lecturer at Makerere University. His research suggests audiences feel valued, recognized, and acknowledged, though he cautions against over-translation that may obscure core themes and messages.

Video jockeys and their distributors often find themselves at odds with authorities over copyright infringements, facing the risk of police raids on video stores leading to confiscation of DVDs and copying equipment. VJ Junior expressed that copyright issues pose significant hurdles for his business, making it “incredibly challenging” to obtain dubbing rights for foreign films.

Describing the VJ’s contribution to Ugandan society as pivotal in “helping individuals to understand, entertain, and inspire,” VJ Junior stated he typically dubs around 10 films and TV episodes each week.

“Research is essential. You need to be informed, educated,” he remarks about the skills vital for his role. “The industry is expanding, and the demand is increasing.”

Source: www.theguardian.com

A 100-Foot “Tsunami” Could Strike the US at Any Moment — and That’s Only the Start

The Cascadia subduction zone, a vast fault line extending from Northern California to British Columbia, has remained unsettlingly silent for 300 years. Should it finally rupture, a substantial earthquake is anticipated to shake the Pacific Northwest for several minutes.

Even more alarming, the resulting tsunami could generate waves reaching up to 100 feet (30 meters), wreaking havoc along the coast.

New research published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences indicates that this event would only mark the onset of Cascadia’s cataclysm.

As if waves equivalent in size to those of the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami weren’t frightening enough, the latest analysis reveals land along the coast could subside by more than 2.5 meters (8 feet) almost instantaneously.

“We often discuss climate-induced sea level rises at a rate of 3-4 millimeters annually,” noted Professor Tina Dura, the lead author of the study, in an interview with BBC Science Focus. “But here, we could witness a 2-meter sea level rise in just a few minutes. Why aren’t we talking about that more?”

What Happens When Cascadia Erupts?

The Cascadia subduction zone represents the boundary where the oceanic Juan de Fuca plate descends beneath the North American plate. However, these tectonic plates tend to get stuck rather than moving freely. When they finally lock in place, immense pressure builds over centuries.

Once this pressure is released, it results in a formidable earthquake.

Cascadia is capable of producing earthquakes reaching magnitudes of 9.0 or higher, historically experienced once every 450-500 years. The last event occurred on January 26, 1700, with estimates suggesting its magnitude was likely between 8.7 and 9.2.

According to the US National Earthquake Hazard Model, there is a 15% chance of experiencing earthquakes of magnitude 8.0 or greater in this zone over the next 50 years.

Planning exercises conducted by the Federal Emergency Management Agency in 2022 predicted that these tremors could directly result in 5,800 fatalities, with an additional 8,000 lives lost to the tsunami.

Over 100,000 individuals could be injured, and more than 618,000 buildings could be damaged or destroyed, impacting over 2,000 schools and 100 critical facilities. The estimated economic impact: $134 billion.

“This will definitely be a catastrophic event for the United States,” Dura stated.

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Aftershocks That Will Last for Decades

While the earthquake and tsunami will be devastating on their own, Dura and her colleagues warn that the long-term consequences could be equally destructive.

By integrating historical records of past Cascadia earthquakes with geological data from numerical models, the researchers assessed how coastal landscapes may be altered due to subsidence from the sudden sinking of land during an earthquake.

If a Cascadia earthquake were to occur today, land at 24 estuaries stretching from southern Washington to northern California could drop anywhere from 0.23 to 2.67 meters (0.76 to 8.76 feet) in minutes.

This could significantly expand the 100-year flood plain by 300 square kilometers (115 square miles), meaning more homes, roads, and infrastructure would fall into at-risk areas. In a severe subsidence scenario, flood exposure could more than double.

“It’s a dual threat,” Dura explained. “The tsunami will be catastrophic, but we also know that some locations will face extreme impacts, while others will experience serious repercussions due to the geographic layout of the coast.”

Located in the US Pacific Northwest and southwest British Columbia, the Cascadia subduction zone last shifted in 1700, resulting in a major earthquake. – John Wesley Powell Analysis and Synthesis/Center for USGS

In 1700, the infrastructure suffered minimal damage. Today, the region is filled with critical systems that remain vulnerable to inundation. These include five airports, 18 emergency facilities (such as schools, hospitals, fire stations), eight wastewater treatment plants, one current, and 57 potential contamination sources like gas stations and chemical storages.

Submerged roads and flooded emergency hubs could severely impede recovery, while saltwater intrusion could damage farmland, resulting in long-term economic repercussions.

Furthermore, natural flood defenses like intertidal wetlands could be inundated or eroded, weakening protection against future storm surges. Rising tidal ranges could compound high-water flooding and may exacerbate the erosion of sandy coastlines.

“Once the tsunami hits and eventually recedes, the land will remain at a lower level,” Dura noted. “The flood plain footprint will evolve over decades, and even centuries.”

The Sooner It Hits, The Better

While the occurrence of an earthquake is inherently negative, the longer Cascadia remains quiet, the worse the ultimate disaster may be.

Researchers simulated what would occur if an earthquake were to strike in 2100 instead of today. With climate change, rising sea levels could exacerbate the consequences.

The global average sea level has already seen an increase of 21-24 cm (8-9 inches) since 1880, as reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Projections suggest an increase of at least 20 cm (2 feet) by 2100.

However, the situation in Cascadia is somewhat complex. As the Juan de Fuca plate slides beneath the North American plates, the land on the continent is gradually uplifted, temporarily masking the implications of global sea level rise.

This slow upward thrust won’t last indefinitely. Eventually, climate change will catch up, leading to a rise in sea levels in the Pacific Northwest on par with other areas. Consequently, the two challenges—tectonic and climatic—are converging.

“You can imagine that when the land subsides during the next earthquake, you suddenly have to contend with centuries of comparable sea level rise,” Dura remarked.

By 2100, even without earthquakes, researchers estimate that flood plains could expand by 100 square kilometers (40 square miles). This, combined with subsidence from a potential earthquake, could triple flood exposure compared to today, resulting in a flood plain enlargement of up to 370 square kilometers (145 square miles).

How Can You Prepare?

What steps can communities take to prepare for this complex threat that combines earthquakes, tsunamis, subsidence, and sea level rise?

Dura admitted that there is no straightforward solution.

“Cascadia presents a unique challenge due to its prolonged quietude,” she said. “It’s tough to keep residents informed about the risks without inciting undue panic. How do you prepare without instilling fear?”

As an initial measure, Dura’s team suggests incorporating their findings into flood hazard and tsunami maps and collaborating across agencies to enhance preparedness.

Key actions include identifying critical infrastructure in future flood zones, planning for relocation or adaptation, promoting nature-based solutions by raising public awareness, restoring wetlands, and carefully considering new developments in high-risk areas.

Is all hope lost? Dura insists that time is of the essence.

“There are certainly individuals actively working on this. I don’t want to undermine their efforts,” she said. “But we need more people engaged in the issue. Perhaps we lack adequate resources, funding, or personnel, but collective efforts are being made, and significant new research is emerging.”

read more:

About Our Experts

Tina Dura is an assistant professor of natural disasters at Virginia Tech in the United States. She specializes in subduction zone paleogeography, integrating methodologies from coastal stratigraphy, sedimentology, microbiology, paleoconservation, geophysics, and sediment transport modeling, as well as sea level research to reconstruct the extensive history of subsidence along the coastal region.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Survival Kids Shows Nintendo Switch 2 is More than Just a Mario Kart Game | Games

tOne intriguing aspect of the console launch is the element of surprise in the first batch of games. Who could have guessed that the standout title for PlayStation would be Fireworks Simulation (Fantavision), or that the most entertaining offering in the inaugural GameCube lineup would involve racing with gigantic, transparent gloves (Super Monkey Balls)?

The most recent addition to this mix is Konami’s Survival Kids, the sole new third-party title in the Switch 2 Opening Wave. This latest entry in the cult series of Tropical Island Survival Sims by the publisher originates from Game Boy Color and was revised for the Nintendo DS under a new moniker, despite not achieving widespread international success. Players, in groups of up to four, find themselves marooned on a mystical archipelago, requiring them to gather resources, craft tools, locate food, and explore vibrant cartoon landscapes. While four players can join online, the game also supports game sharing on Switch 2, allowing one owner to connect wirelessly with others and play together.




A vibrant, manga-style setting… it’s still from Survival Kids.
Photo: Konami Digital Entertainment

Andrew Dennison, the head of game developer Unity, considers this feature to be one of the key highlights of Switch 2. “With Splitscreen, a single console renders two different game views,” he explains. “With GameShare, one view can be compressed and streamed. It renders everything three times and transmits it to the other consoles. As long as you understand the specifications of the technology, the advantages of GameShare are enjoyable. You don’t have to own the game to play.”

In contrast to survival games like Don’t Starve or Project Zomboid (or even Lost in Blue), Survival Kids does not impose lethal consequences. Although a shortage of food will slow your progress, you won’t actually starve to death. If you perish, you simply respawn nearby. “We wanted to ensure the game is enjoyable for players of all skill levels,” Dennison adds. “It’s a balancing act. I don’t want to bore experienced gamers, but I aim to streamline challenges without oversimplifying them to the point of being irrelevant.” Due to a strict NDA surrounding Switch 2 hardware, developers had limited access to external testers, resulting in Dennison testing the game within his niece and finance department.




Collaboration is key… Survival Kids
Photo: Konami Digital Entertainment

Crafting tools plays a vital role. By combining vines and sticks, players can create a fishing rod for useful items. Building an umbrella allows navigation across wide canyons. There’s no cumbersome item management; players can simply retrieve what they need from a magical spit bucket. All tools are organized in Basecamp rather than menus, allowing easy access to essentials.

Much like Overcooked, Survival Kids emphasizes streamlined cooperation and well-split tasks. It’s quicker for two individuals to chop wood and break rocks, thus establishing a labor team. Meanwhile, a culinary expert is essential for gathering plants and preparing food, which fuels the energy required for climbing cliffs and transporting heavy items. “We’ve put a lot of effort into enhancing our customer experience,” remarks Richard Jones, creative director at Konami Digital Entertainment. “This is how Basecamp functions as a communal spot. It’s essentially a shared kitchen.”

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Unlike many contemporary survival sims, Survival Kids is not entirely open-ended. The objective is to explore multiple islands, providing a sense of an escape room. Players can also revisit levels for extra attempts. Despite its family-friendly appearance, the game features intriguing, challenging physics-based puzzles with various solutions. Additionally, it maintains a playful tone and humor. This is likely due to the fact that many developers at Dennison and Unity’s Stratford-Upon-Avon office previously came from Codemasters and Rare.

Will Konami bring more classic titles to Switch 2? “I know there are other Konami teams that are keen on this platform, and we can support them,” says Jones. “I’m keeping my fingers crossed for at least two more projects from Konami.” For now, Survival Kids appears to be an excellent pilot for family game sharing on the new console.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Study Claims That Drinking Sugar (Even in Juice) Is Unhealthier Than Eating It

New research suggests that consuming sweet beverages poses a greater risk of type 2 diabetes compared to eating foods that contain sugar.

The study from Brigham Young University (BYU) in the US found that sugary drinks, such as sodas and fruit juices, are linked to an increased likelihood of developing the disease, whereas no similar connection was found with sugar intake from solid foods.

Dr. Karen Dela Corte, the lead author of the study and a professor of nutrition sciences at BYU, stated that the findings highlight why consuming sugar in the form of beverages like soda and juice is more detrimental to health than ingesting it through food.

Researchers analyzed data from 29 studies involving over half a million individuals across Europe, the Americas, Asia, and Oceania to identify which sources of sugar are most closely associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes.

The analysis revealed that a 340ml (12oz) serving of sugary drinks (including soft drinks, energy drinks, and sports drinks) increases the risk of type 2 diabetes by 25%.

Fruit juices, such as pure fruit juice and various juice drinks, exhibited similar effects, even when consumed in moderation. An additional 226ml (8 oz) serving per day raised the risk by 5%.

These risks are relative; for instance, if an individual has a baseline risk of 10% for developing type 2 diabetes, consuming four sodas daily could elevate that risk to around 20%.

Conversely, dietary sugars derived from fruit, table sugar, and general sugar content were not linked to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and may even be associated with a lower risk in some cases.

While a good source of nutrients, certain fruit juices can contain sugar levels comparable to those in sweet sodas. – Credit: dmitriy83 via Getty

As this study is observational, it cannot definitively establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship between sugary drinks and type 2 diabetes. It’s possible that individuals who consume more sugary beverages are more likely to develop the condition.

The researchers adjusted their analyses to account for calorie intake, obesity, and other lifestyle factors, allowing them to isolate the impact of sugar itself instead of focusing on overall caloric consumption.

Nevertheless, Dela Corte emphasized that the findings highlight the necessity for more stringent nutritional guidelines regarding liquid sugars, including fruit juices, in relation to health. “Future dietary recommendations may need to differentiate the health impacts of sugar based on its source and form,” she said.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

WTF with Marc Maron Has Ended: Discover Five of the Top Podcast Interviews

In a significant shift, Marc Maron has revealed that he will be concluding his widely acclaimed podcast WTF with Marc Maron after running for nearly 16 years and over 1,600 episodes. The series finale is set to air later this year.

“After 16 years of podcasting, we’ve decided it’s been an incredible journey,” Maron stated during a recent episode. “Honestly, it’s time, folks. The WTF era is coming to a close. That’s our choice. Expect a final episode in the fall.”

Maron shared that he and his producer Brendan McDonald are feeling “exhausted” and “burned out,” yet they are “very satisfied with the work we’ve accomplished.”


When Maron launched WTF in 2009, he was already an experienced stand-up comic, having had his Air America radio shows cancelled. He began recording in his garage. Initially, WTF delved into Maron’s emotions as he connected with fellow comedians, revealing his anxieties about his career, relationships, and feelings of abandonment.

With Maron’s increased openness, the podcast transitioned from his personal struggles, including his battle with addiction, to more profound discussions related to creativity and fulfillment. The show attracted a diverse array of actors, directors, and musicians, and Maron’s conversational style inspired even the most notable guests to share untold stories.

For those looking to indulge, there are 1,600 episodes of WTF available (though earlier episodes may be behind a paywall). The highlights typically feature (male) comedians, including Conan O’Brien, Mel Brooks, and Norm MacDonald. However, some episodes, like those with Courtney Love and Ben Kingsley, haven’t been as well-received. Here are five standout episodes:




President Barack Obama recorded a WTF episode in Maron’s garage in Los Angeles. Photo: Pete Souza/White House

5 of the best Marc Maron interviews

1. Barack Obama (Episode 613, 2015)

This episode is a landmark in podcasting, showcasing how powerful the medium can be, even attracting a sitting US president to discuss issues like parenthood, racism, and gun control in a Los Angeles garage. It’s as impactful as the subsequent episode, The President Was Here, where Maron and McDonald share experiences with the Secret Service.

2. Robin Williams (Episode 67, 2010)

In this poignant interview, Williams opens up about his battles with depression, alcoholism, and suicidal thoughts. Maron later re-released it with a new introduction following Williams’ passing in 2014, and it was inducted into the Library of Congress National Records Register.

3. Louis CK (Episodes 111 and 112, 2010)

Over two captivating hours in 2010, Maron and Louis CK embarked on a therapeutic dialogue reflecting on their fractured friendship. CK expressed feelings of abandonment during a challenging period, while Maron acknowledged his hopes for CK’s success. Slate regards it as the best podcast episode ever; Maron himself, however, felt it wasn’t the best interview but found it personally beneficial.

4. Lynn Shelton (Episode 627, 2015)

This episode captured Maron’s initial meeting with indie filmmaker Shelton. At the time, they were both involved with others, but the chemistry was undeniable. They later fell in love and remained together until her tragic passing in 2020 from an undiagnosed blood disorder at age 54. Maron chose to re-release the interview shortly after her death, reflecting on their bond.

5. David Spade (Episode 669, 2016)

Known for roles like Joe Dirt and as the charmingly lascivious character in several films, Spade reveals his true humor in this episode. He shares a surprising personal story about being attacked at home, showcasing his knack for storytelling. “I had to cut him back to two days a week after that,” Spade recalls.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Hubble Space Telescope Captures Stunning Image of Star-Forming Spiral Galaxy NGC 685

The NGC 685 is abundant in star-forming nebulae and appears as a dazzling pink cloud in recent images captured by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope.



This Hubble image illustrates the Spiral Galaxy NGC 685 on the bar. The color images were created from individual exposures captured in ultraviolet light using Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) and derived from visible and near-infrared sections of the spectrum. Built upon data gathered through six filters, different hues are assigned to each monochromatic image related to a specific filter. Image credits: NASA/ESA/Hubble/J. Lee/F. Belfiore.

NGC 685 is situated approximately 64 million light-years away in the southern constellation of Eridanus.

Previously known as ESO 152-24, IRAS 01458-5300, or LEDA 6581, the galaxy was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on October 3, 1834.

Spanning around 74,000 light-years, the galaxy features a luminous central bar and a distinctively curved arm.

“NGC 685 is classified as a barred spiral galaxy, with its delicate spiral arms emerging from the edge of a stellar bar at the heart of the galaxy,” Hubble astronomers stated.

“The Milky Way, while not a perfect spiral, is nearly twice the size of NGC 685.”

Astronomers utilized Hubble for two observational programs focused on star formation in NGC 685.

“It’s no surprise that NGC 685 was selected for these studies. The galaxy’s spiral arms are marked by numerous patches of young blue stars,” they noted.

“Many of these star clusters are enveloped by a vibrant pink gas cloud known as the H II region.”

“The H II region is a gas cloud that gleams momentarily, especially during the birth of a massive, hot star.”

“The particularly striking H II region can be seen near the lower edge of the image.”

“Despite the visible star-forming regions, NGC 685 converts gas into stars each year at a rate of less than half the mass of the sun.”

“The data collected by Hubble across two observational programs enables us to catalog 50,000 H II regions and 100,000 star clusters in nearby galaxies.”

“By merging Hubble’s sensitive visibility and ultraviolet observations with data from the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope and wireless data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, we explore the depths of dusty star nurseries and illuminate the stars within.”

Source: www.sci.news

Paleontologists Uncover New Connective Tissue Structures in Dinosaurs

Paleontologists have uncovered evidence of previously unrecognized soft tissue structures in the cheek areas of various dinosaur species. This discovery deepens our understanding of dinosaur anatomy and underscores the limitations of current methods for reconstructing anatomical features that are not well preserved.



Soft tissue visualization of Edmontosaurus created through photography, 3D modeling, digital painting, and histology of bones in the Alberta Dinosaur Park, Canada. Image credit: Henry Sharp.

“Such examples of soft anatomy in dinosaurs are rare due to the degradation of muscles and tissue over time,” remarked Henry Sharp, a paleontologist from the University of Alberta.

“While bones can be excavated and assembled into semi-complete skeletons, for a long time, there was no effective way to discern the muscles and tissues present in dinosaurs.”

“In the 1990s, existing systematic brackets utilized the closest living relatives of dinosaurs—alligators and birds—to gain insight into their ’tissues and muscles.’

“However, this approach has its shortcomings: the muscles reconstructed in dinosaurs are those found in alligators and birds.”

“What if dinosaurs possessed their own unique muscles that aren’t present in their modern relatives, or if birds have lost or adapted their original musculature?”

“While examining a skull of Edmontosaurus, affectionately named Gary, I noticed a distinctive flange structure atop the bone near its prominent cheek.”

“As I delved deeper, I struggled to find answers.”

“There were large, corrugated sections of the skull. In a mammalian skull, I would interpret that as cheek muscle attachment. Yet, reptiles are not supposed to exhibit such muscle structures.”

“This sparked intrigue. What if this finding contradicted existing models of dinosaur musculature?”

To gain a clearer understanding of this aspect of dinosaur anatomy, Sharp and his colleagues from the University of Alberta, the University of Toronto, the Royal Museum of Ontario, and the University of New England began investigating similar regions in the skulls of other dinosaur species, uncovering evidence of analogous structures.

“The findings were consistently located in the same area. This strongly suggests that it represents a muscle or ligament,” Sharp explained.

To validate their hypothesis regarding this bone area being a site for some type of soft tissue structure, researchers meticulously cut thin sections of dinosaur bone.

“Soft tissues, such as muscles and ligaments, are anchored to the bone via collagen fibers,” Sharp stated.

“These fibers help secure the muscle or ligament, preventing detachment and potential injury to the animal.”

Once the soft tissue deteriorates, what remains are the collagen fibers, which can be examined through thin slices of bone under polarized light.

“It appears as if someone has fractured a bone at the surface and then scraped it with an X-acto knife,” Sharp noted.

The researchers employed a technique called sleepy to analyze various angles of the zygomatic and mandibular bone slices, enabling them to investigate the 3D orientation of the collagen fibers.

“These collagen fibers don’t insert haphazardly; they align with the angles where muscles attach,” Sharp added.

In all examined dinosaur species, collagen fibers manifested connections between the cheek and lower jaw, reinforcing the idea that the soft tissue structure resembles cheek muscles and ligaments.

Variation in the size and attachment angles across different dinosaur species suggests that this newly identified soft tissue played specialized roles, such as stabilizing the jaw and influencing feeding behavior.

“While we don’t fully understand its precise functions, it is evident that these soft tissues significantly impacted how these dinosaurs chewed.”

“This discovery underscores the importance of comparing dinosaur fossils with those of modern relatives for a more nuanced and accurate comprehension of extinct anatomy.”

“Dinosaurs exhibit considerable diversity, yet we often overlook significant aspects by attempting to interpret the past solely through the lens of contemporary conditions.”

Survey results were published in Journal of Anatomy.

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Henry S. Sharp et al. Skull morphology and histology reveal previously unexpected cheek soft tissue structures in dinosaurs. Journal of Anatomy, published on March 21, 2025. doi:10.1111/joa.14242

This article is a rendition of a press release provided by the University of Alberta.

Source: www.sci.news