How Video Games Nurture Romance – One Level at a Time | Gaming

Posted on July 23, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

LAST week on Radio 4’s Women’s Time, we delved into the role of women in the gaming industry. We showcased insights from Game Insiders and eSports presenters like Franc Keywords, and highlighted the inclusive online community Black Girl Gamers. It was refreshing to hear varied expert opinions on gaming culture throughout the episode.

One of the highlights was when presenter Nuala McGovern shared listener responses to the question: “Why play video games?” One listener noted, “I think they don’t entirely grasp that gaming is a couple’s activity.” They explained how their shared passion for gaming, particularly during their honeymoon playing Borderlands 2 while saving for a home, brought them closer together.

I found this particularly striking since I have a friend who met their partner through gaming, and many couples view it as a richer and more immersive experience than simply watching a series together. I’ve lost count of how many couples enjoy navigating survival horror games like Resident Evil and Silent Hill together, despite their single-player nature. Facing scary scenarios allows them to bond, reducing fear while exploring eerie environments. The act of passing the controller can feel like sharing intimate gifts.

An elaborate dating site… Final Fantasy XIV.

Moreover, playing games with a partner reveals new dimensions of their character and abilities. You might discover your partner’s knack for solving spatial puzzles or their determination in facing challenges. This knowledge is invaluable—much like understanding how you both tackle assembling IKEA furniture. Recently, I learned about using video games for child therapy, and one counselor, Ellie Finch, is even considering employing Minecraft for couples therapy. The task of building a simple house together could reveal interpersonal dynamics more effectively than a lengthy conversation.

There’s a sense of romance in exploring new worlds together, getting lost, and merging skills to navigate challenges. The sweetness of escaping into shared experiences in games like Stardew Valley or Animal Crossing is matched by the intellectual engagement found in titles like Blue Prince or Split Fiction. For too long, gaming was stereotyped as a pastime for lonely young men, but now it’s accessible to everyone, opening up digital spaces for connection. Many are now utilizing online games like Final Fantasy XIV and GTA as vibrant dating platforms. Real-life relationships are blossoming through gaming. These games can eliminate many barriers that traditional dating poses, such as costs and the awkwardness of meeting strangers. They serve as unique arenas that encourage romance.

I genuinely hope that as this generation ages, they continue to game together. I can envision them sharing stories with their grandchildren about the stunning virtual home they built in Super Mario Maker, or a digital scrapbook they created in The Sims. There’s so much to discuss when playfulness thrives within gaming.

What to Play

A small fun… Neo Geo Super Pocket. Photo: Blaze Entertainment

Last year, we reviewed the Blaze Entertainment Super Pocket, a quirky handheld device for playing cartridge-based retro games. Now, there’s something new: the Super Pocket Neo Geo Edition. Sporting its classic black and gold design, this device is inspired by the iconic 1990 console from SNK. It boasts 14 Neo Geo titles, including cherished classics like Metal Slug X and the Fatal Fury fighting games, along with hidden gems like the delightful beat-‘em-up Top Hunter: Roddy & Cathy and Mutation Nation. The Super Pocket is also compatible with all cartridges designed for Blaze’s Evercade console, providing access to a vast array of iconic retro games.

Available at: Super Pocket Console
Estimated playtime: Endless nostalgic hours

What to Read

There is nothing new under the sun… the Shadow of the Colossus. Photo: Sony Computer Entertainment

I came across a recent Japanese interview with Fumito Ueda, the designer of ICO and Shadow of the Colossus. His assertion is that developers focus less on creating new mechanics, placing more emphasis on existing designs and aesthetics. It’s a bold claim, reminiscent of Francis Fukuyama’s “The End of History.”
Valve has reportedly removed Adult Games from Steam due to pressure from credit card companies. An Australian group called Collective Shout recently published a letter to payment processors like PayPal and MasterCard, claiming that some games available digitally depict child abuse and incest. The reactions from Steam users have been noteworthy.
It’s surprising to learn about Nintendo’s low employee turnover. According to data shared by the gaming site GoNintendo, the average tenure of Japanese staff is about four years, while others in different offices average between eight and a half to ten years. It’s heartening to see that amid industry pressures, at least one major player knows how to nurture its workforce.

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What to Click

Question Block

It’s reminiscent of Silent Hill… Shepton Mallet Prison. Photo: Keith Stuart/Guardian

This question comes from Jamie via email:

“I recently visited Orford Ness, a National Trust site in Suffolk, which was heavily used by the Ministry of Defense in the 20th century. It struck me how much it resembled our last game, especially with elements reminiscent of Atom Fall. The whole experience felt like it could be a level in a video game, minus the zombies. Have you been to a place that felt like being in a game? Would you recommend it?”

That’s an excellent question! First off, Holly Gramagio, a game developer and author, recommends the Kelvedon Hatch Secret Nuclear Bunker for its quintessential Cold War vibes, evoking thoughts of secret bases or Umbrella labs. Last year, I spent the night exploring Shepton Mallet Prison, which felt eerily similar to levels in Silent Hill. This location is open to the public and hosts sleepovers. If you’re looking for something grander, consider visiting Kedleston Hall in Derby, the inspiration behind Croft Manor in the Tomb Raider series, or the stunning Milan Cathedral, rich in Gothic architecture, shadowy corners, and intricate carvings that influenced Dark Souls. I also recommend visiting the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, which certainly feels like a magnificent adventure game. Lastly, if you’re a fan of GTA V, a visit to Los Angeles is a must. The skyline, mountainous areas, and expansive neighborhoods at sunset are nothing short of surreal and provide an open-world experience like no other.

If you have any questions or comments about the newsletter, please reply or email us at butingbuttons@theguardian.com.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Majestic Triassic Reptiles Boasted Primitive Wings

Posted on July 23, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Illustration of the Triassic reptile Mirasaura grauvogeli

Rick Stikkelorum

Reptiles from the central Triassic boasted an elaborate coat of arms made of feather-like filaments, appearing over 100 million years before the first feathered dinosaurs.

The findings include two fossils and a total of 80 skeletons and crested fossils, uncovered between the 1930s and 1970s by a private collector named Louis Grovogel in the Vosges mountains of northeastern France.

It wasn’t until 2018 that Stephen Speakman from the Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History and his team could examine the fossils.

They are now officially describing and naming it Mirasaura grauvogeli, with its impressive coat inspired by the Latin term for remarkable lizards.

Discovering such advanced skin structures in reptiles dating back 247 million years was quite unexpected, according to Spiekman.

“It is indeed a remarkably luxurious structure, larger than the entire body of the creature. The summit consisted of individual appendages that closely overlapped each other, resembling the feathers of a bird’s wing,” he notes.

While the appendages of M. grauvogeli share a feather-like appearance, they also exhibit significant distinctions. “In feathers, this differentiation occurs via a complex branching process that creates feather barbs, barbules, and hooks. However, such branching is absent in Mirasaura appendages,” Spiekman explains.

The most well-preserved specimen of M. grauvogeli measures less than 15 centimeters in length, although Spiekman suggests it is likely a juvenile based on certain skeletal features.

Fossils preserving the bony structure of *Mirasaura grauvogeli*

Stephen Speakman

One fossilized coat is three times the length of the best-preserved juvenile, suggesting that M. grauvogeli could grow substantially larger. Spiekman estimates adults might reach a size of 50 to 100 centimeters.

“The overall structure of Mirasaura indicates it was likely an agile climber, akin to a chameleon or a tree-dwelling mammal,” he explains.

John Long from Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia, who was not involved in the research, describes it as a “truly remarkable” prehistoric species.

“It illustrates that evolution was experimenting with creating wings using reptilian skin, albeit imperfectly,” says Long. “These grand decorations on its back would have served for signaling and visual interaction rather than flight.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

U.S. Nuclear Weapons Agency Among 400 Organizations Targeted by Chinese Hackers, Reports Microsoft

Posted on July 23, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Microsoft has revealed that investigations are underway indicating that Chinese “threat actors,” including state-sponsored hackers, are taking advantage of security flaws in SharePoint’s document sharing servers, impacting numerous government agencies and organizations.

Eye Security, a Dutch cybersecurity firm, reported that hackers have compromised around 400 institutions, businesses, and other entities, stating, “We anticipate an increase as the investigation continues.”

The majority of the affected parties are located in the United States. Bloomberg noted that one of the victims was a US agency responsible for overseeing the National Nuclear Security Agency, which manages nuclear weapons. This agency was among those affected.

According to Microsoft, three groups have been identified utilizing Chinese state-backed techniques, with a focus on exploiting newly disclosed vulnerabilities in internet-facing servers hosting the platform.

This announcement coincides with reports from the financial sector that Amazon has halted artificial intelligence labs in Shanghai. Additionally, consultancy firm McKinsey reported that Chinese companies are withdrawing from AI-related projects as geopolitical tensions between Washington and Beijing escalate.

Recently, Microsoft and IBM have scaled back their research and development initiatives in China, with US officials intensifying scrutiny on American companies involved in AI within the country.

In a blog post, Microsoft stated that the vulnerability is associated with an on-premises SharePoint server commonly utilized by businesses, not a cloud-based service.

Numerous large organizations employ SharePoint as a platform for document storage and collaboration, integrating seamlessly with other Microsoft products like Office and Outlook.

Microsoft indicated that the attacks commenced as early as July 7th, with hackers attempting to leverage the vulnerability for “early access to the target organization.”

This vulnerability permits an attacker to spoof authentication credentials and remotely execute malicious code on the server. Microsoft observed an attack that sent requests to a SharePoint server, potentially “enabling the theft of key material.”

In response, Microsoft has released a security update and recommended that all users of on-premises SharePoint systems apply it. They cautioned that hacking groups are continuing to target these systems, which they rated as having “high confidence” in terms of vulnerability.

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Eye Security reported in a press release that “anomalous activity” was detected on a client’s on-premises SharePoint Server on the evening of July 18th. They subsequently scanned over 8,000 publicly accessible SharePoint servers across the globe, discovering numerous compromised systems and confirming that attackers were executing a coordinated mass exploitation campaign.

Microsoft stated that the linen typhoon has been focused on “intellectual property theft” since 2012, with primary targets including government, defense, strategic planning, and human rights-related organizations.

Since 2015, the Violet Typhoon has predominantly targeted former government and military personnel, NGOs, think tanks, academia, digital and print media, and sectors related to finance and health in the US, Europe, and East Asia.

Microsoft mentioned a third group, Storm-2603, which is situated in China, though no direct connection has been established between this group and other Chinese threat actors. They warned that “additional actors” could exploit the vulnerability to target on-premises SharePoint systems unless security updates are installed.

Source: www.theguardian.com

AI Aids in Restoring Damaged Latin Inscriptions from the Roman Empire

Posted on July 23, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Roman Temple in Ankara, Turkey

PE Forsberg / Alamy Stock Photos

Latin inscriptions from ancient times provide insights into the proclamations of the Roman emperor the voices of the enslaved for those who understand them. Today, advancements in artificial intelligence assist historians in piecing together often incomplete texts, even allowing for predictions about the origins and contexts of specific inscriptions within the Roman Empire.

“Analyzing history through inscriptions resembles solving an enormous puzzle. There are tens of thousands of them,” stated Thea Sommerschield during a media briefing at the University of Nottingham, UK. “This is everything that has endured through the centuries.”

The AI tools developed by Sommerschield and her team can identify missing characters in Latin inscriptions and indicate that they relate to the same individual or location as similarly styled inscriptions. They named the tool Aeneas, after the legendary hero reputed to have fled the fall of Troy, eventually becoming an ancestor to the Romans.

“Aeneas can help restore unknown lengths of text that are missing,” remarked Giannis Assael, co-leader of Aeneas’s development at Google DeepMind. “This versatility is beneficial for historians, particularly with heavily damaged materials.”

The team trained Aeneas using the most extensive dataset of ancient Latin texts, comprising over 176,000 inscriptions and nearly 9,000 accompanying images. This training enables Aeneas to propose missing phrases. Furthermore, when tested against a set of known inscriptions, researchers found that Aeneas could estimate inscription dates within a 13-year range and achieved a 72% accuracy rate in discerning the origins of different regions in Rome.

“Inscriptions are crucial for understanding the lives and experiences of those in the Roman Empire,” noted Charlotte Tapman, a researcher at the University of Exeter, UK, who was not directly involved in this study. “They encompass a variety of topics including law, trade, military affairs, political life, religion, death, and personal matters.”

Such AI technologies “are poised to be implemented for studying inscriptions from other eras and adapted for various languages,” according to Tupman.

In tests involving intentionally damaged inscriptions, Aeneas achieved a 73% accuracy in filling gaps of up to 10 Latin characters. However, when the total length of missing text was unknown, accuracy dropped to 58%. Nonetheless, the AI’s logic for its suggestions enables researchers to evaluate the legitimacy of its findings.

When nearly 20 historians evaluated AI-assisted restorations on intentionally damaged inscriptions, those using AI outperformed both the individual historians and the AI itself. Furthermore, historians reported that the comparative inscriptions highlighted by Aeneas served as valuable starting points for 90% of their research.

“Utilizing this technology accelerates work related to inscriptions, especially when seeking to build broader analyses of local or empire-wide patterns and epigraphic traditions,” stated Elizabeth Meyer from the University of Virginia. “However, it remains essential for human scholars to examine the results and ensure their plausibility within the given historical context.”

“Employing a generic AI model to assist in ancient historical tasks often yields unsatisfactory results,” commented Chiara Senati from the University of Vienna, Austria. “Thus, the creation of tools specifically catered to Latin epigraphy research is greatly valued.”

The ultimate vision is for historians to be able to “redirect their energies towards museums and archaeological sites,” Sommerschield shared during a press event.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

A Simple Skincare Routine Can Prevent Eczema in Babies

Posted on July 23, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Daily moisturizing of your baby’s skin may provide lasting benefits

Nattrass/Getty Images

SEI 259862948 — Daily moisturizing of your baby’s skin may provide lasting benefits

Nattrass/Getty Images

Regular application of moisturizers to your baby’s skin can potentially lower the chances of developing eczema, though it largely depends on the individual’s risk factors.

Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is an inflammatory skin condition marked by intense itching and dryness, which can lead to blisters and bleeding. It often begins in early childhood, with many experiencing a decline in symptoms as they age.

To evaluate the effectiveness of moisturizers, Hywel Williams and his team at the University of Nottingham in the UK surveyed over 1,200 parents in the United States whose infants did not have eczema.

Among the infants aged 0-8 weeks, half had a family history of eczema, indicating a higher genetic predisposition to the condition.

The researchers randomly assigned about half of the parents to apply one of five available moisturizers, which were non-prescription options. Parents could select and swap moisturizers as they preferred.

The remaining parents were advised to only use moisturizers as needed, such as when their baby’s skin looked dry. More than half reported using them at least once weekly.

After two years, the research team reviewed the infants’ health records. They found that 43% of the non-moisturizer group had received an eczema diagnosis, compared to only 36% in the moisturizer group. “This represents a significant decrease,” said Michael Cork from the University of Sheffield, UK.

However, upon further analysis, the researchers discovered that moisturizers were effective primarily in babies without close relatives who had eczema. This finding aligns with previous research, highlighted in a study indicating that moisturizers may not benefit those at high genetic risk for the condition.

Individuals with lower genetic risk might develop eczema due to environmental influences like air pollution. Moisturizers are theorized to fill the gaps between skin cells, thus blocking irritants from penetrating the skin and triggering inflammation that manifests as eczema.

In contrast, those with a high genetic predisposition to eczema may already exhibit heightened levels of inflammation, which could limit the protective benefits of moisturizers, Cork noted.

The study did not determine which moisturizer was most effective as parents were not monitored for changing between different options. Further investigation is necessary, Cork stated.

There is a need to explore whether these findings hold true for populations in other countries, suggested Carsten Flohr from King’s College London.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

AI Outwits Goalkeepers by Anticipating Penalty Takers’ Shots

Posted on July 23, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Goalkeepers have difficulty predicting the direction of penalty shots

Javier Soriano/AFP via Getty Images

Trained with a dataset of over 1,000 penalty kicks, the deep learning model demonstrates superior predictive capabilities compared to actual goalkeepers.

“Penalty kicks are often decisive moments in football that can influence the results of important tournaments,” states David Freire-Obregón from the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. “Yet, real-time support for goalkeepers mostly relies on intuition. We sought to determine if machine learning could effectively predict the direction of a shot based on the kicker’s movements.”

Freire-Obregón and his team analyzed 1,010 penalty kicks from televised matches in Spain. Out of these, 640 were deemed usable by the AI, while the remainder were excluded due to blurriness, being too brief, or other obstructions.

Each video clip was processed through 22 different deep learning models. The goal was to predict whether the penalty kick would go left, right, or center left, or lower right, depending solely on the player’s body posture and footedness.

The top-performing model was able to accurately identify the direction of the ball—right, left, or center—52% of the time. Excluding the middle option improved the model’s accuracy to 64%.

The researchers were astonished, stating, “We can uncover the intent behind subtle movements, which serve as clues before the ball is kicked,” says Freire-Obregón. He hopes this insight will aid training for goalkeepers, although he admits utilizing AI predictions in actual matches presents additional challenges.

“Our next goal is to determine if we can predict the outcome of a penalty kick solely based on the kicker’s pre-shot movements,” he adds. “If feasible, how quickly can such predictions be made while retaining acceptable accuracy?”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Can Your Power Bank Ignite a Fire on a Plane? Understanding the Rules and Risks of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Posted on July 23, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Virgin Australia is contemplating a revision of its rules regarding lithium batteries following a fire incident on a flight from Sydney, which was reportedly triggered by a power bank found in passenger carry-on luggage.

Australia’s Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) reports that the average traveler carries at least four rechargeable lithium battery devices, which may include smartphones, laptops, and portable power banks.

If you’re curious about the regulations and the reasons lithium-ion batteries are viewed as potential flight hazards, here’s a brief summary.

Can I bring a power bank on a plane?

Yes, but the rules vary, so you should check the airline’s restrictions before your flight.

Generally, according to CASA, laptops and cameras may be included in checked luggage as long as they are completely powered off.

However, spare batteries and power banks must be carried in carry-on baggage due to risks of short-circuiting, overheating, and fires during flight.

Lithium-ion batteries exceeding 160WH are not allowed under any circumstances unless they are used as medical aids.

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Smart bags containing power banks or lithium-ion batteries are allowed, provided the battery can be removed and carried in the cabin before checking in.

Virgin Australia states that spare or loose batteries, including power banks, must solely be part of carry-on baggage and need to be kept in their original retail packaging; individual batteries should be placed in separate plastic bags, protective pouches, or have their terminals covered with tape.

Qantas advises that passengers with Apple AirPod cases and power banks containing spare or loose batteries should only store them in carry-on baggage.

The airline does not advise using or charging power banks on board for safety reasons.

Can I take a power bank on an overseas flight?

Numerous international airlines, including Thai Airways, Korean Airlines, Eva Airlines, Cathay Pacific, China Airlines, and Singapore Airlines and its budget arm Scoot, have imposed bans regarding their use on board.

If you plan to fly with an international airline, it is essential to verify their specific rules prior to traveling.

Generally, travelers are expected to keep power banks in their carry-on luggage. However, whether or not you can use them in-flight depends on the particular airline.

Is the risk of lithium battery fires significant on airplanes?

Not necessarily. Professor Neeraj Sharma, a battery specialist at the University of New South Wales, states that lithium-ion batteries contain 20 different components, some of which are liquid, making them more volatile than solid elements like electrodes and casings.

Applying pressure to a lithium-ion battery can spark “thermal runaway” (an uncontrollable temperature increase); however, battery explosions are exceedingly rare.

Sharma notes that airlines still recommend carrying batteries in baggage to minimize the risk.

He also mentions that power banks and other lithium-ion battery devices, which are less regulated than mobile phones and laptops (like electric scooters and steam devices), could pose more risks and may be made from inferior quality batteries.

Professor Amanda Ellis, head of the Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering at the University of Melbourne, agrees that lithium battery fires are not particularly likely to happen on flights.

She explains that the pressure within an airplane cabin is supported by “multiple layers of casings,” preventing batteries from reaching a critical failure. However, enclosed environments can make fires particularly hazardous, especially since it’s not possible to escape the situation while in flight.

“Fires release highly toxic gases, especially in limited spaces that are far from ideal,” she remarks.

Ellis adds that lithium-ion battery fires can be challenging to extinguish, as lithium can ignite and ignite surrounding materials—high-energy substances that can sustain burning for extended periods.

“Using water to douse a lithium fire is not advisable, which could be the first instinct of someone on a plane,” she notes.

What causes lithium-ion batteries to ignite?

Lithium-ion batteries comprise ions suspended within an electrolyte solution. During charging and discharging, these ions travel back and forth across the two electrodes.

Ellis states that a common cause of battery fires is overcharging, which can lead to overheating. If a battery becomes excessively charged, it can crack, causing the highly flammable electrolyte to ignite when it contacts air.

More sophisticated lithium-battery-powered devices, like smartphones, typically include a built-in “trickle system” that prevents overcharging by incrementally adding current to the battery.

However, Ellis explains that cheaper power banks often lack this safety feature.

“Avoid charging a power bank overnight,” she advises. “Only charge it for as long as necessary. Monitor the power bank until the indicator light switches from red to green.”

Overall, Ellis reassures that if lithium batteries are used correctly and under suitable conditions, they are generally safe, and passengers need not be overly concerned while flying.

Source: www.theguardian.com

OpenAI CEO Sam Altman Announces Federal Reserve Confab Will Incorporate AI

Posted on July 23, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

On his recent visit to Washington, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman articulated a stark vision of a future dominated by AI, where entire job sectors could vanish. The President has embraced ChatGPT’s guidance, leveraging artificial intelligence as a potential tool for mass disruption.

Addressing the Capital Framework meeting during a substantial gathering of banking executives at the Federal Reserve, Altman asserted that advancements in AI will lead to the complete eradication of certain jobs.

“I believe some roles will be entirely obsolete,” he stated. “That’s the category I’m referring to. When you reach out for customer support, you’re interacting with AI. That’s acceptable.”

During the discussion, Altman conveyed his thoughts to Michelle Bowman, the Federal Reserve’s Vice Chairman for Oversight, saying, “As the founder of OpenAI, I have already seen a significant transformation in customer service.”

He shifted the conversation to healthcare, proposing that the diagnostic abilities of AI surpass those of human doctors, although he cautioned against considering AI as the sole provider of medical care.

“Today, ChatGPT can outperform many doctors in diagnostics. However, patients still seek out physicians. I may not be the only one concerned, but I wouldn’t want to risk my health to an AI without a human doctor involved,” he remarked.

Altman’s visit coincided with the Trump administration’s unveiling of the “AI Action Plan,” aimed at clarifying and easing various regulations while advocating for more data centers. His recent engagement aligns with a federal government under Donald Trump that has embraced an accelerated approach, especially in contrast to the past few years. Despite the technological shifts over the years, under the Biden administration, OpenAI and its competitors have called for more robust AI regulations, while discussions under Trump focus on outpacing China.

In an informal discussion, he expressed that one of his main concerns is the rapidly advancing destructive potential of AI, suggesting that it could be weaponized to target the U.S. financial system. Despite being impressed by developments in voice cloning, Altman cautioned the audience regarding the same advancements that could enable sophisticated fraud and identity theft.

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OpenAI and Altman are clearly making significant strides in Washington, ready to engage in the discourse where Elon Musk once held prominence. With plans to establish his company’s first office in the capital next year, Altman appeared before the Senate Commerce Committee for his inaugural Congressional testimony since his high-profile appearance that catapulted him onto the global stage in May 2023.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Transformative Art: Brooklyn Exhibition Challenges and Explores White Domination in AI

Posted on July 23, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

At 300 Ashland Place in downtown Brooklyn, The Plaza will feature attendees gathered around a large yellow shipping container adorned with a black triangle. I acknowledge that the Flying Goose Quilt pattern may have functioned as a covert signal for enslaved individuals seeking freedom along the Underground Railroad. This design and the containers create a connection between the historical and contemporary narratives of the African diaspora. Central to an artistic initiative by Brooklyn-based transmedia artist Stephanie Dinkins, a large screen showcases AI-generated imagery reflecting urban diversity.

Commissioned by the New York-based art nonprofit Moartia Art and developed in collaboration with architect Lot-EK and The AI Laboratory, the exhibit titled Otherwise, Who Will Do It? will be open until September 28th. It aims to confront the ideologies of white supremacy by emphasizing the resilience and cultural foundations of the Black community.

In an era where society increasingly relies on AI, Dinkins envisions a future where these models comprehend and reflect the histories, aspirations, and realities of Black and Brown communities, thereby providing a more accurate representation of U.S. demographics. She expresses belief that her initiatives will reshape the AI landscape, challenging the prevailing bias in data that fails to represent the global majority. Currently, Black individuals comprise merely 7.4% of the high-tech workforce. Studies indicate that a lack of diversity in AI can lead to biased outcomes, as seen with predictive policing tools affecting Black communities and tenant screening programs that discriminate against people of color.

“We can develop machines that offer deeper insights into our community. Our representations should not stem from outsiders, which often results in misinterpretation; instead, they should reflect our identities as human beings, not merely as consumers,” Dinkins stated. “I pose the question: ‘Can we establish a system rooted in care and generosity?'”

If we don’t step up, who will? The AI Research Institute is situated in downtown Brooklyn, New York City. Photo: Driely Carter

Inside the AI lab, one image features a young Black girl with an afro, her gaze piercingly directed at the audience, accentuating her artificiality. Surrounding the public art installation are QR codes linked to an app that allows users worldwide to respond to prompts, such as “What privilege do you hold in society?” This interactive element integrates with the container; shortly thereafter, a generated image reflecting the submitted information will appear on the large screen. This image—mainly portraying a person of color—continues until new data is provided, regardless of the submitter’s own identity.

Dinkins has programmed the AI-generated art to focus on Black and Brown perspectives. She adjusted various AI models that identify patterns through specific datasets. Collaborating with her team, they sourced images from the renowned Black photographer Roy DeCarava, who documented the lives of Black individuals in Harlem. They also incorporated African American English to shape models recognizing its distinct tonality, resulting in more authentic image generation based on user stories. Additionally, she included images of okra—a staple in dishes of enslaved Africans and their descendants—serving as symbols connecting the past to the present within the portraits.

“We exist within a technological framework that’s altering our reality. If we remain uninformed, we lose the ability to navigate it effectively,” Dinkins remarked. While she empathizes with the public’s urge to protect privacy in the age of AI, she emphasizes the necessity of spaces that clarify that certain information is not intended for exploitation.

Democratizing AI

Dinkins was recognized as one of Time Magazine’s 100 Most Influential People in AI for 2023. With no formal technology education, she identifies as a “tinkerer.” She portrays Bina Rothblatt, the founder of a for-profit initiative focused on extending human life, inspired by a YouTube video featuring Bina48, an AI robot, more than a decade ago.

Her ongoing project Conversations with Bina48 documents video interviews with this robotic entity, starting in 2014. Later, she developed her own AI system intended to serve as a memoir for a Black American family. Through her initiative, It’s Not the Only One, Dinkins created a voice-responsive device that engages with passersby while being trained to converse with Nie and her aunt.

Lewis Tude Sokey, an English professor at Boston University, suggests Dinkins’ work is a crucial step toward democratizing AI by bringing technology to marginalized voices in spaces traditionally devoid of their representation. “There exists a troubling precedent of algorithms producing racist and sexist content. They are often trained on data from the internet, rife with harmful stereotypes,” Tude Sokey, who specializes in technology and race, explained.

If we don’t, who will address these dynamics? The AI Research Institute is situated in downtown Brooklyn, New York City. Photo: Driely Carter

“What Stephanie aims to explore is the possibility of training different algorithms to respond to diverse datasets that liberate content and include socially marginalized perspectives,” Tude Sokey noted.

Dinkins and fellow artists are reshaping the AI narrative, as highlighted by Tude Sokey: “There’s a significant cultural, political, and social realignment occurring within AI.” Dinkins embraces a philosophy she refers to as Afro-Now Rhythm, which she interprets as a proactive approach toward building a more equitable world—a “celebration of the potential to see technology as a force we can harness rather than fear.”

For Beth Coleman, a professor at the University of Toronto specializing in technology and society, it is vital to train AI models using diverse datasets to ensure accurate representations of the world. Dinkins’ work questions which voices are integrated into the technological ecosystems, she emphasized.

“There exists a thriving energy around collaborative efforts to craft a better world together,” Coleman remarked regarding Dinkins’ initiatives. “At this juncture, it feels profoundly revolutionary.”

Source: www.theguardian.com

Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 7 Review: Sleeker, Lighter, and Enhanced Foldable Android Device

Posted on July 23, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Samsung’s newest flagship folding phone appears to have shed some weight. The outcome is one of the sleekest and lightest devices on the market, significantly enhancing its portability.

The Galaxy Z Fold 7 measures 8.9mm in thickness when closed. Excluding the camera bump at the back, its profile is comparable to that of a typical smartphone, making it easy to fit into your pocket, but it unfolds to a folding tablet at just 4.2mm thick.

However, priced at £1,799 (€2,099/$2,000/$2,899), this device comes at a steep cost. It represents an expensive, cutting-edge solution that potentially replaces your phone, tablet, or PC within one compact device.

The ultra-slim design results in a notable camera bump that extends approximately 5.5mm from the rear. Photograph by Samuel Gibbs/The Guardian

The seventh iteration of Samsung’s folding technology addresses many of the issues found in its predecessors. Weighing only 215g—24g lighter than last year’s edition—it resembles a typical large smartphone when closed.

It fits comfortably in your pocket. Sending messages, making calls, navigating, and taking photos feels just like using a conventional phone. Even the front 6.5-inch screen is vibrant, colorful, and smooth with a 120Hz refresh rate. The enhancements to the fingerprint scanner on the power button are quick and precise.

When opened like a book, the Fold 7 is impressively thin, only slightly thicker than the USB-C port itself. Its lightweight feel is deceptive; it’s solidly built. One wonders how the device can achieve such thinness without forgoing the charging port. The flexible 8-inch OLED screen is smooth, bright, and almost square, capable of running two apps side by side.

The exterior screen and back are shielded by the latest tempered glass technology, while the inner screen features a layer that is softer than standard glass, making it prone to fingerprints and a bit shiny. The crease along the fold is nearly invisible, visible mainly under glare.

With Flex Mode, you can enjoy viewing content on the Fold 7 in a half-folded position, resembling a mini laptop setup. Photograph by Samuel Gibbs/The Guardian

Specifications

Main screen: 8-inch QXGA+ 120Hz (368PPI) AMOLED Flexible Display
Cover screen: 6.5-inch FHD+ 120Hz (4222PPI) AMOLED
Processor: Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Galaxy Elite
RAM: 12GB
Storage: 256GB, 512GB, or 1TB
Operating System: One UI 8 based on Android 16
Camera: 200MP + 12MP + 10MP rear, 3x telephoto. 10MP + 10MP selfie cameras
Connectivity: 5G, Dual SIM, E-SIM, USB-C, WiFi 7, NFC, Bluetooth 5.4, GNSS
Water Resistance: IP48 (1.5 meters for 30 minutes)
Folded Dimensions: 158.4 x 72.8 x 8.9mm
Expanded Dimensions: 158.4 x 143.2 x 4.2mm
Weight: 215g

Power for Multitasking

The Fold 7 achieves a full charge in 82 minutes and reaches 60% in under 30 minutes utilizing a USB-C power adapter of 25W or higher (not included). Photograph by Samuel Gibbs/The Guardian

The Fold 7 is equipped with the same flagship Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Elite processor and 12GB of RAM as the S25 Ultra and S25 Edge. This setup ensures excellent performance for daily tasks and high-end gaming, outpacing competitors like the Google Pixel 9 Pro fold.

Its battery reliably lasts about two days, with each screen being used for around four hours and several hours spent on 5G. This performance level mirrors its predecessor and functions similarly to a standard smartphone. Depending on usage, many find they need to recharge every other day.

One UI 8 for Android 16

The Fold 7 can run two apps in full size, and allows for a total of up to 8 apps using split-screen and floating windows. Photograph by Samuel Gibbs/The Guardian

The Fold 7 stands out as one of the first devices to ship with One UI 8 (Android 16). While it hasn’t seen drastic changes since last year’s software, it still offers an impressive suite of features. This includes the handy Now Valle Bar at the bottom of the lock screen, showcasing live sports scores, music, timers, and other commonly used tools.

Samsung effectively leverages the multitasking capabilities afforded by the folding format better than its competitors. Up to 8 apps can be accessed concurrently on the internal screen, with each having its own unique home screen layout. Users can adjust app sizes and shapes, use apps in a partially folded state, and move them seamlessly between screens.

Moreover, the Fold 7 integrates all the AI features from the S25 series, including Google Gemini, Circle to Search, Writing and Drawing tools, Transcription, and Audio Editing capabilities. While some of these are useful, others tend to be superfluous, much like many trendy AI offerings. Notably, Samsung commits to providing Android and security updates until July 31, 2032.

Camera

Capturing photos is simple with the Fold 7, whether closed or opened slightly for hands-free shots. Photograph by Samuel Gibbs/The Guardian

The prominent camera system on the back includes a 200MP main camera, a 12MP ultra-wide, and a 10MP telephoto camera with 3x zoom. There’s also a pair of 10MP selfie cameras on either screen.

The main 200MP camera excels in a range of lighting conditions, delivering high-quality photos and representing a significant improvement over its predecessor’s capabilities.

The 12MP Ultra Wide Camera offers commendable performance and can achieve good macro shots, while the 3x telephoto camera produces pleasing portraits, albeit with some softness in low-light scenarios, lacking the 5x zoom found on some higher-end models. Similar limitations apply to the selfie camera, as it can be grainy in dim lighting. However, users can utilize the outer screen as a viewfinder when taking selfies with the main camera, leading to better results.

The camera app is user-friendly, boasting numerous shooting modes and solid video recording capabilities. Overall, the Fold 7 presents a robust camera system that competes well against flagship slab phones, delivering impressive results.

Sustainability

The Fold 7 closely resembles a standard smartphone from both the front and back. Photograph by Samuel Gibbs/The Guardian

The battery is expected to retain at least 80% of its original capacity over 2,000 full charge cycles.

The phone is generally reparable, with internal screen repairs estimated at around £500. Samsung also offers a self-repair program similar to CARE+ that can bring repair costs down to £139.

The Fold 7 incorporates recycled materials such as aluminum, cobalt, copper, glass, gold, lithium, plastic, rare earth elements, and steel, which make up 13.7% of its total weight. Additionally, Samsung has trade-in and recycling programs for older devices, aiming to mitigate the environmental impact of smartphones as outlined in their sustainability reports.

Price

The Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 7 begins at £1,799 (€2,099/$1,999.99/$2,899).

For comparison, the Galaxy Z Flip is priced at £1,049, the Galaxy S25 Edge at £1,099, the S25 Ultra at £1,249, and the Google Pixel 9 Pro Fold at £1,399.

Verdict

The Galaxy Z Fold 7 is a remarkably high-tech device that represents a significant improvement over its predecessor, addressing many of the typical issues associated with folding smartphones.

When closed, it feels significantly thinner and lighter, akin to a traditional phone. Upon opening, the internal screen is still flexible, with creases that are almost imperceptible, paired with vibrant visuals that enhance multitasking capabilities.

The camera, while effective, doesn’t overshadow the device’s overall utility, but it can cause the phone to wobble when placed flat on a surface. In addition, the Fold 7 features the same advanced processors as Samsung’s top-tier regular smartphones, alongside good battery life and solid software support.

However, the fragile nature of the folding mechanism, lack of proper dust resistance, the delicate inner screen, and hefty price tag remain notable drawbacks. If your primary aim is to have a compact device that serves as both phone and tablet, this model may not sway you.

Nevertheless, the Fold 7 stands out as the finest folding phone on the market, presenting the major upgrades that Samsung has been striving for in recent years.

Pros: Combines phone and tablet functionality, feels like a standard phone when closed, boasts exceptional software with robust multitasking features, impressive tablet display, top-notch performance, reliable battery life, water resistance, and extended software support.

Cons: Expensive, lacks dust resistance, potentially more fragile than standard devices, costly repairs, and limited zoom capabilities compared to traditional smartphones.

You might easily forget that the Fold 7 can be unfolded, as it functions and feels like a standard smartphone when using the external display. Photograph by Samuel Gibbs/The Guardian

Source: www.theguardian.com

Neurological Disorders May Be Linked to Neanderthal DNA

Posted on July 23, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The intersection of anatomically modern Homo sapiens and Neanderthals thousands of years ago might contribute to Chiari malformation type 1, a serious neurological condition that affects an estimated 1% of today’s population.

Homo sapiens: Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis, and Homo neanderthalensis. Plomp et al. utilized 3D data and geometric morphometry to investigate this hypothesis. Image credit: Neanderthal Museum.” width=”580″ height=”618″ srcset=”https://cdn.sci.news/images/2014/04/image_1837-Neanderthal.jpg 580w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2014/04/image_1837-Neanderthal-281×300.jpg 281w” sizes=”(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px”/>

In 2013, scientists surmised that Chiari malformation type 1 might arise from cranial development genes tracing back to three smaller extinct Homo species: Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis, and Homo neanderthalensis. Plomp et al. employed 3D data and geometric morphometry to evaluate this hypothesis. Image credit: Neanderthal Museum.

Chiari malformation type 1 occurs when the rear of the skull is insufficiently sized to accommodate the brain, causing a portion of the brain to protrude from the skull into the spinal canal.

This condition can compress the herniated brain tissue, resulting in symptoms such as headaches, neck pain, and dizziness. In severe instances, this can lead to life-threatening complications.

“In medicine, as in all sciences, clarifying the causal chain is vital.”

“The clearer the causal relationships, the greater the chances that the condition can be effectively managed or even resolved.”

“Further testing of the hypothesis is needed, but our study may bring us a step closer to understanding the causal chain that leads to Chiari malformation type 1.”

In 2010, genetic evidence emerged indicating that modern humans interbred with Neanderthals tens of thousands of years ago.

Individuals of non-African descent carry approximately 2-5% Neanderthal DNA, tracing back to these ancestral mating interactions.

The hypothesis suggesting that Chiari malformation type 1 may stem from ancient Homo genes entering the human gene pool through mating was first proposed by researcher Evens Barbosa Fernandez from the University of Campinas.

Dr. Fernandez hypothesized that the differences in skull structure between modern humans and other Homo species play a significant role in causing malformations.

In this study, Professor Mark Collado, PhD, Kimberly Promp at the University of the Philippines Diliman, and colleagues employed modern imaging techniques and advanced statistical shape analysis to compare 3D models of living humans with those of Homo sapiens, Neanderthals, Homo heidelbergensis, and Homo erectus.

The findings revealed that individuals with Chiari malformations exhibit more similar skull shapes to Neanderthals than those without such malformations.

Notably, all other fossil skulls align more closely with modern humans lacking Chiari malformation type 1, supporting the hypothesis that certain individuals today carry Neanderthal genes that influence skull shape, potentially leading to a mismatch between skull dimensions and the shape of the modern human brain.

This discrepancy could result in insufficient space within the skull, causing the brain to extend into the spinal cord, which is the only available outlet.

Given that various global populations possess different levels of Neanderthal DNA, this study suggests that certain European and Asian populations may be more susceptible to Chiari malformation type 1, although additional research is needed to validate this.

“The study of archaeology and human evolution is not merely fascinating,” Professor Collado remarked.

“It could offer insights into current health challenges.”

“In this instance, fossils have provided clarity about the condition, but numerous modern issues also help illuminate archaeological and paleontological findings.”

Study published in the journal Evolution, Medicine, Public Health.

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Kimberly Promp et al. 2025. An ancient hypothesis regarding Homo introduction and Chiari malformation type I Evolution, Medicine, Public Health 13(1):154-166; doi:10.1093/end/eoaf009

Source: www.sci.news

Ancient ‘Terror Birds’ Likely Not Comparable to Giant, Hungry Caiman

Posted on July 23, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Artist’s interpretation of the encounter between ancient caiman and terror birds

Julian Bayona Becerra

Approximately 13 million years ago, massive predators clashed in a sprawling South American wetland. Fossils of a giant flightless bird discovered in Colombia bear tooth marks from enormous caimans.

Andrés Link from the University of the Andes in Colombia and his team were examining crocodile fossils in the museum’s collection when they identified an unusual bone. This bone belonged to the Forsulhacid bird, commonly referred to as “terror birds.” These predators possessed hooked beaks and muscular legs equipped with sharp claws. The fossilized remains were from the lower limbs of a bird standing 2.5 meters tall, making it one of the largest terror birds ever found.

However, this predator likely faced a grim fate. Initially unearthed in Colombia’s Tatacoa desert by local paleontologist César Perdomo, the bones exhibited four distinct puncture marks.

Link and his research team sought to identify the predator that dared to bite such a formidable bird. They scanned the fossil’s surface to create a digital model of the tooth marks, finding striking similarities to the teeth of ancient predators in the region. The culprit was almost certainly not a mammal.

“There are no signs of gnawing, and the markings are rounded,” Link explains. “The lines closely resemble those attributed to alligators and caimans.”

Terror birds roamed the earth when northern South America was dominated by the Pebas System, a vast network of wetlands interspersed with tropical forests and grasslands. This flooded habitat supported a diverse range of crocodile species, leading the team to link the dental impression to the giant caiman Purussaurus neivensis, estimated to be around 4.5 meters in length.

“Terror birds were undoubtedly apex predators,” remarks Link. “However, this evidence indicates that when they ventured near large bodies of water, they could also fall prey to massive caimans, either in pursuit of prey or while navigating this complex ecosystem.”

The researchers speculate that the bird may have already been deceased when the caiman encountered it, with the tooth marks indicative of scavenging. There are no signs of bone regeneration surrounding the marks. Either way, the encounter proved fatal for the terror bird.

“These types of [tooth] impressions are more prevalent than one might assume,” states Carolina Acosta Hospitalce from La Plata National University in Argentina.

In a study published last year, she and her colleagues discussed tooth marks found on a smaller, older fossil terror bird—about 43 million years old—suggesting that ancient carnivorous marsupials also preyed upon these birds. These markings were also found on the lower limbs, leading Hospitalce to ponder whether this area of the bird’s anatomy is particularly vulnerable to predators.

“[Bite marks] offer fascinating glimpses into past life,” comments Stephanie Drumheller from the University of Tennessee.

When studying ancient environments, she notes there is a tendency to categorize extinct organisms into strict ecological roles. However, food webs can be quite intricate.

“This is an animal that thrived in aquatic environments, while another lived on land, entirely separate from one another. Yet, nature often defies our neat categorizations,” Drumheller observes.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Candidates Around Young Stars in VLT: Identification of Protoplanetary and Sub-Ceres Objects

Posted on July 23, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Using Enhanced Resolution Imagers and Spectrographs (ERIS) from ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT), two teams of astronomers have discovered a protoplanet candidate nestled within a spiral disk surrounding the young star HD 135344B.

This image depicts a spiral disk surrounding Young Star HD 135344b. The observations made using the Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph (ERIS) identified a candidate planet contributing to the spiral structure in the disk, marked by a white circle. Image credits: ESO/Maio et al.

“While we may never witness the formation of Earth, this is a significant finding,” says Francesco Maio, a doctoral researcher at the University of Florence in Italy and lead author of a paper published in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.

Maio and his colleagues identified protoplanet candidates in the surrounding protoplanetary disks of HD 135344b. This F8V star, approximately 11.9 million years old, is situated 135 parsecs (440 light-years) from the Sun, in the Lupus constellation.

The protoplanet is estimated to be twice the size of Jupiter, located at a distance from its host star comparable to that of Neptune from the Sun.

It has been observed maturing at the periphery of the protoplanetary disk as it evolves into a fully-fledged planet.

Similar protoplanets have been detected around other young stars, often exhibiting intricate features such as rings, gaps, and spirals.

Astronomers long suspected that these structures were sculpted by forming planets, clearing away material as they orbit their parent stars.

Until now, however, no one has identified a planet actively shaping these features.

In the discs of HD 135344B, previous observations of swirling spiral arms were made by another team using VLT’s Sphere instrument.

Yet prior observations did not find evidence of any planets forming within this disk.

Utilizing VLT’s ERIS instrument, Maio and his collaborators may have discovered their primary suspect.

They identified a planetary candidate located at the base of one of the spiral arms of the disk, aligning with theoretical predictions about potential planets responsible for such patterns.

“What marks this detection as potentially groundbreaking is our ability to directly observe the signal from the protoplanet, unlike many earlier observations,” he notes.

“This gives us greater confidence in the existence of this planet, as we can see the light it emits.”

This image illustrates possible sub-brown dwarf companions orbiting Young Star V960 Mon. Candidate objects were detected using ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the new Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph (ERIS). The ERIS data is shown in orange, overlaid with prior dusty disk images from VLT’s Sphere instruments (yellow) and ALMA (blue). Image credits: ESO/A. Dasgupta/ALMA/ESO/NAOJ/NRAO/Weber et al.

In a separate study, Anuroop Dasgupta, a doctoral researcher at ESO and Diego Portales University, along with colleagues, observed another young star using the ERIS instrument. V960 is located 1637.7 parsecs (5,342 light-years) away in the Monoceros constellation.

Prior observations using Sphere equipment and large millimeter/sub-millimeter arrays (ALMA) revealed that the material orbiting V960 Mon is shaped into complex spiral arms.

These observations also indicated that large clumps of material around the star undergo gravitational instability, contracting and collapsing—each capable of forming a planet or larger body, thus fragmenting the material.

Dasgupta and his collaborators managed to identify a brown dwarf or sub-brown dwarf companion around V960 Mon.

“Using ERIS, we aimed to discover compact, bright fragments indicative of companions in the disk,” he explains. Their findings are detailed in a paper published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.

“One potential companion object was found very close to one of the observed spiral arms in the Universe and in ALMA data.”

“This object could represent a planet or a brown dwarf—larger than a planet but lacking sufficient mass to shine like a star.”

“If confirmed, this companion could be the first clear identification of a planet or brown dwarf formed via gravitational instability.”

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F. Maio et al. 2025. Development of Protoplanet candidates embedded using VLT/ERIS on HD135344B disks. A&A 699, L10; doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554472

Anuroop Dasgupta et al. 2025. VLT/ERIS observations for the V960 series: dust-embedded sub-brown dwarf objects formed by gravitational instability? ApJL 988, L30; doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ade996

Source: www.sci.news

Discovery of a New Blue-Spotted Mussel Species in Fiji

Posted on July 23, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Marine researchers have discovered a new species of the genus Stingray Neotrygon residing in the waters of Fiji.

Vibrant colors of Neotrygon Romeoi from around Fiji. Image credit: Glaus et al., doi: 10.1111/jfb.70094.

Neotrygon is a genus of stingrays found extensively in the West Pacific region of India.

Commonly referred to as mask rays, these animals are uniquely identifiable within the family Dasyatidae by a dark band present in the interorbital area, which results in distinctive black and white banding towards the latter part of the tail and two nipple-like structures in the mouth.

Currently, there are 17 recognized species of Neotrygon, with ten of these described since 2016.

The majority of these species (14) are believed to belong to the blue-spotted maskray complex.

The newly identified species, found exclusively in Fiji’s waters, has been named Neotrygon Romeoi, previously confused with Neotrygon kuhlii and Neotrygon trigonoides.

“It is characterized by its broad, angular snout, long claspers in adult males, and a row of spine-like structures extending from the neck to the tail’s base,” explained Dr. Kelstin Grousse, a researcher at the University of South Pacific.

“The ray’s brown dorsal surface is adorned with dark, mask-like patterns around its eyes, and it features two large patches behind its spirals, along with numerous small black spots surrounding its face.”

The description of Neotrygon Romeoi is based on nine specimens (31-39.7 cm disc width) procured from the Suva fish market and collected by local fishermen. Notably, none of the rays were killed for research purposes.

“Rays are among the most threatened marine species,” stated Dr. Glaus.

“Considering their limited distribution, high catch volumes, and unknown life histories, it is advisable to evaluate them for protection under Fiji’s Endangered and Species Conservation Act. This act is particularly relevant for endemic sharks and rays, assisting in the preservation of native biodiversity by regulating trade and the protection of certain vulnerable species.”

“This discovery underscores Fiji’s unique natural heritage and the urgent necessity to enhance our understanding and conservation of marine species,” added Lavenie Tawake, team leader of the Pacific European Union Marine Partnership (PEUMP) program.

The discovery of Neotrygon Romeoi has been documented in a study published in the Journal of Fish Biology.

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Kirsten Grousse et al. A new species of blue-spotted maskray (Neotrygon, Dasyatidae) from Fiji. Journal of Fish Biology published online on June 9th, 2025. doi:10.1111/jfb.70094

Source: www.sci.news

Newly Discovered Aluminum Isotope: Aluminum-20

Posted on July 23, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The detection of previously unknown nuclear aluminum-20 was achieved by observing attenuation during its flight.

A three-proton release from aluminum-20. Image credit: Xiaodong Xu.

Currently, more than 3,300 nuclides have been identified, yet fewer than 300 are stable and naturally occurring. The remaining nuclides are unstable and undergo radioactive decay.

By the mid-20th century, researchers had discovered several common decay modes, including α-decay, β+ decay, electron capture, γ-radiation, and nuclear fission.

In the last few decades, advancements in nuclear physics experimental facilities and detection techniques have enabled the discovery of various exotic decay modes, particularly in nuclei that are far from stability, especially neutron-deficient nuclei.

In the 1970s, the phenomenon of single proton radioactivity was identified, where the nucleus was attenuated by releasing a proton.

In the 21st century, the discovery of bipolar radioactivity emerged, attributed to the decay of highly neutron-deficient nuclei.

Recently, even rarer disintegration events have been recorded, including those resulting in three, four, and five products.

“Aluminum-20 is the lightest aluminum isotope ever discovered,” states Dr. Xiaodong Xu, a physicist at the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

“It resides across the proton drip line and has seven fewer neutrons compared to stable aluminum isotopes.”

Employing in-flight damping techniques with fragment separators at the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, physicists assessed the angular correlation of the damping products of aluminum-20.

Their detailed analysis of these angular correlations revealed that the ground state of aluminum-20 initially decays by releasing one proton into an intermediate ground state of magnesium-19, which subsequently collapses through the simultaneous release of two protons.

Aluminum-20 marks the first observed tripolar emitter, classified as a bipolar radionuclide.

The research also indicated that the damping energy of the aluminum-20 ground state is significantly lower than anticipated based on isospin symmetry, suggesting a potential breaking of isospin symmetry between aluminum-20 and its mirror partner, neon-20.

This conclusion is endorsed by advanced theoretical calculations predicting that the spin parity of the aluminum-20 ground state differs from the spin parity of the neon-20 ground state.

“This research will enhance our understanding of the proton evaporation phenomenon and provide insights into the structural dynamics and collapse of nuclei beyond the proton drip line,” Dr. Xu remarked.

The team’s paper was published this month in the journal Physical Review Letters.

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X.-D. Xu et al. 2025. Isospin symmetry revealed through the attenuation of the three-proton emitter aluminum-20. Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 022502; doi:10.1103/hkmy-yfdk

Source: www.sci.news

New Research Suggests Arknid Originated in the Cambrian Seas

Posted on July 23, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Paleontologists have examined the fossilized characteristics of the brain and central nervous system of Mollisonia symmetrica, an extinct organism that existed during the mid-Cambrian period approximately 508 million years ago. Their findings indicate that the nervous system of Mollisonia symmetrica aligns with that of modern spiders and scorpions (arachnids). This revelation contests the long-standing theory that arachnid diversification occurred only after their common ancestors adapted to terrestrial life.

Mollisonia symmetrica is characterized by an undivided brain with a posterior fold. Image credit: Strausfeld et al., doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.06.063.” width=”580″ height=”580″ srcset=”https://cdn.sci.news/images/2025/07/image_14088-Mollisonia-symmetrica.jpg 580w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2025/07/image_14088-Mollisonia-symmetrica-300×300.jpg 300w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2025/07/image_14088-Mollisonia-symmetrica-150×150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2025/07/image_14088-Mollisonia-symmetrica-50×50.jpg 50w” sizes=”(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px”/>

Mollisonia symmetrica is characterized by an unsegmented brain with short nerves extending into pincer-like appendages, resembling the fangs of spiders. Image credit: Strausfeld et al., doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2025.06.063.

Previously, Mollisonia symmetrica was thought to represent an ancestor of a specific group of arthropods known as Chelicerata, which thrived during the Cambrian period and included the forebears of today’s horseshoe crabs.

Surprisingly, Professor Nicholas Strausfeld and his team at the University of Arizona found that the organization of the nerve structure in the fossilized brain does not resemble that of horseshoe crabs but is instead more akin to that of contemporary spiders and scorpions.

“A lively debate continues regarding the origin of arachnids, the type of progenitor they emerged from, and whether these progenitors were horseshoe crabs,” Professor Strausfeld noted.

Mollisonia symmetrica shares physical features with other early chelicerates from the lower and middle Cambrian periods, possessing a body divided into two main segments.

Some researchers have highlighted the anterior shell followed by a segmented trunk reminiscent of scorpions.

However, no one has claimed that Mollisonia symmetrica was more closely related to horseshoe crabs than to more basal arthropods.

What Professor Strausfeld and his co-authors found is that Mollisonia symmetrica, identified as an arachnid, exhibits a fossilized brain and nervous system.

Similar to spiders and other modern arachnids, the anterior portion of Mollisonia symmetrica (known as the prosoma) features a pattern of segmental ganglia that governs the movement of five pairs of appendages.

In addition to these arachnid-like traits, Mollisonia symmetrica also possessed an unsegmented brain with short nerves extending into pincher-like structures, reminiscent of spider fangs.

Critically, the unique feature defining arachnids is the specific arrangement of the brain, which contrasts with the structure found in current crustaceans, insects, centipedes, and even horseshoe crabs like Limulus.

“It’s comparable to the Limulus type brains in Cambrian fossils, or the ancestral brains of modern crustaceans and insects, which are similar to those of contemporary spiders,” Professor Strausfeld remarked.

“These findings may signify a crucial evolutionary advancement, as studies of modern spider brains indicate this arrangement allows for quicker neural control pathways.

This configuration may enhance efficiency in hunting, quick pursuits, and stealth in arachnids.

“This is a significant evolutionary milestone, seemingly exclusive to arachnids.”

“In Mollisonia symmetrica, we identified brain regions corresponding to extant species, which could reveal the underlying genetic framework common to all arthropods.”

“The arachnid brain implies that, unlike other brains on Earth, its tissues are linked to rapid calculation and motor action control,” Professor Strausfeld explained.

“The earliest terrestrial creatures were likely arthropods that resembled insects, possibly ancestral to crustaceans.”

“We can envision Mollisonia symmetrica—like arachnids—adapting to land, which may have given rise to early insects and their feeding strategies.”

“The first land-dwelling spiders could have played a vital role in developing essential defensive traits, such as insect wings, leading to flight and evasion.”

“The ability to fly provides significant advantages when being pursued by spiders.”

“Nonetheless, despite the agility conferred by flight, insects remain ensnared in the intricate silk webs spun by spiders.”

The results will appear in the journal Current Biology.

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Nicholas J. Strausfeld et al. Cambrian origin of the spider brain. Current Biology Published online on July 22, 2025. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.06.063

Source: www.sci.news

Ancient Fossilized Brains Prompt a Reevaluation of Spider Evolution

Posted on July 23, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Morrison, a marine creature from the Cambrian period, could represent an early arachnid

Junnn11 @ni075 CC BY-SA 4.0

Research indicates that the brains of ancient sea creatures, dating back over 500 million years, were structured similarly to those of spiders. This challenges past theories that arachnids originated on land.

Morrison reflects a time of significant biological diversity increase, known as the Cambrian Explosion, when various animal groups began appearing in fossil records. These creatures possessed chelicerae, pincer-like mouthparts likely used for tearing into small prey.

Previous beliefs suggested that modern relatives of Morrison, which include horseshoe crabs, were connected to spiders. However, Nicholas Strausfeld and his team at the University of Arizona propose otherwise.

The researchers reexamined specimens of Mollisonia symmetrica, collected in 1925 from British Columbia, Canada, and now housed at Harvard University’s Comparative Zoology Museum. Strausfeld and his colleagues identified a brain structure that had previously been overlooked.

In horseshoe crabs, the chelicerae exhibit a neural connection at the back of the brain; however, in Morrison, this structure was inverted, with chelicerae linked to two neural regions that offered a perspective on the forefront of the nervous system.

Strausfeld notes that this orientation is “characteristic of arachnid brains.” Unlike the brains of crustaceans and insects, which are folded inward, arachnids have crucial areas for planning agile movements situated at the back. This architecture likely contributes to the remarkable agility and speed seen in spiders.

While it was previously thought that arachnids evolved on land, the earliest existing land fossils of obvious arachnids will not appear for millions of years later, according to Strausfeld. “Perhaps the first arachnids inhabited tidal environments, like Morrison, in search of prey,” he mentions.

Mike Lee, a researcher at Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia, who was not involved in the study, suggests that Morrison may now be viewed as a primitive arachnid. “We now recognize it possessed a brain akin to that of a spider, indicating it was an aquatic relative of the early spiders and scorpions,” Lee states.

Nonetheless, he cautions that while researchers strive to extract as much insight as possible from a single fossil, there remains a degree of ambiguity in interpretation. “It’s akin to attempting to piece together a unique Pavlova after it has been dropped,” he explains.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

The pandemic might have accelerated brain aging, even before we contracted Covid-19.

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Changes in brain structure over time

Temet/Getty Images

The Covid-19 pandemic may have hastened brain aging, even prior to infection. Studies indicate that early in the outbreak, the brain may have undergone changes equivalent to 5.5 months of aging, potentially attributed to stress and shifts in lifestyle.

Many individuals suffering from long Covid report experiencing brain fog. However, the wider neurological implications of the pandemic are not completely understood a few years post-Covid-19’s emergence.

To investigate this, Ali-Reza Mohammadi-Nejad at the University of Nottingham, along with his team, trained machine learning models using 15,000 brain scans to analyze structural changes related to aging.

A model was then applied to brain scans from 996 volunteers participating in the UK Biobank Study. This comprised 564 individuals who underwent both scans prior to March 2020, which acted as the control group. The remaining 432 volunteers had one scan before March 2020 and another later, with scans averaging three years apart and a minimum gap of two years.

The research revealed that the pandemic may have induced an acceleration of brain aging by 5.5 months, as evidenced by structural changes in both white and gray matter. This effect was also observed in individuals who had recorded Covid-19 infections as part of the Biobank project.

This accelerated aging effect was notably more significant among men and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. However, the results may not be generalizable, as biobank participants typically exhibit better health, higher income, and less ethnic diversity than other demographics within the UK.

Researchers propose that these alterations might have been driven by the isolation and stress of lockdowns, alongside changes in lifestyle factors like physical activity and alcohol use during that period.

In their study, the authors indicate that these structural brain changes could be “at least partially reversible,” while also acknowledging limitations stemming from the study’s UK-based participant pool, suggesting that the findings may not accurately represent lockdowns’ impact elsewhere. “Our conclusions may actually underestimate the pandemic’s effects on more vulnerable populations,” Mohammadi-Nejad asserts.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

DeepMind and OpenAI Achieve Victory in the International Mathematics Olympiad

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

AIs are improving at solving mathematics challenges

Andresr/ Getty Images

AI models developed by Google DeepMind and OpenAI have achieved exceptional performance at the International Mathematics Olympiad (IMO).

While companies herald this as a significant advancement for AIs that might one day tackle complex scientific or mathematical challenges, mathematicians urge caution, as the specifics of the models and their methodologies remain confidential.

The IMO is one of the most respected contests for young mathematicians, often viewed by AI researchers as a critical test of mathematical reasoning, an area where AI traditionally struggles.

Following last year’s competition in Bath, UK, Google investigated how its AI systems, Alpha Proof and Alpha Jometry, achieved silver-level performance, though their submissions were not evaluated by the official competition judges.

Various companies, including Google, Huawei, and TikTok’s parent company, approached the IMO organizers requesting formal evaluation of their AI models during this year’s contest, as stated by Gregor Drinner, the President of IMO. The IMO consented, stipulating that results should be revealed only after the full closing ceremony on July 28th.

OpenAI also expressed interest in participating in the competition but did not respond or register upon being informed of the official procedures, according to Dolinar.

On July 19th, OpenAI announced the development of a new AI that achieved a gold medal score alongside three former IMO medalists, separately from the official competition. OpenAI stated the AI correctly answered five out of six questions within the same 4.5-hour time limit as human competitors.

Two days later, Google DeepMind revealed that its AI system, Gemini Deep Think, had also achieved gold-level performance within the same constraints. Dolinar confirmed that this result was validated by the official IMO judges.

Unlike Google’s Alpha Proof and Alpha Jometry, which were designed for competition, Gemini Deep Think was specifically crafted to tackle questions posed in a programming language used by both Google and OpenAI.

Utilizing LEAN, the AI was capable of quickly verifying correctness, although the output is challenging for non-experts to interpret. Thang Luong from Google indicated that a natural language approach can yield more comprehensible results while remaining applicable to broadly useful AI frameworks.

Luong noted that advancements in reinforcement learning—a training technique designed to guide AI through success and failure—have enabled large language models to validate solutions efficiently, a method essential to Google’s earlier achievements with gameplay AIs, such as AlphaZero.

Google’s model employs a technique known as parallel thinking, considering multiple solutions simultaneously. The training data comprises mathematical problems particularly relevant to the IMO.

OpenAI has disclosed few specifics regarding their system, only mentioning that it incorporates augmented learning and “experimental research methods.”

“While progress appears promising, it lacks rigorous scientific validation, making it difficult to assess at this point,” remarked Terence Tao from UCLA. “We anticipate that the participating companies will publish papers featuring more comprehensive data, allowing others to access the model and replicate its findings. However, for now, we must rely on the companies’ claims regarding their results.”

Geordy Williamson from the University of Sydney shared this sentiment, stating, “It’s remarkable to see advancements in this area, yet it’s frustrating how little in-depth information is available from inside these companies.”

Natural language systems might be beneficial for individuals without a mathematical background, but they also risk presenting complications if models produce lengthy proofs that are hard to verify, warned Joseph Myers, a co-organizer of this year’s IMO. “If AIs generate solutions to significant unsolved questions that seem plausible yet contain subtle, critical errors, we must be cautious before putting confidence in lengthy AI outputs.”

The companies plan to initially provide these systems for testing by mathematicians in the forthcoming months before making broader public releases. The models claim they could potentially offer rapid solutions for challenging problems in scientific research, as stated by June Hyuk Jeong from Google, who contributed to Gemini Deep Think. “There are numerous unresolved challenges within reach,” he noted.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Improved Air Quality Linked to Rise in Urban Heat Waves

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Heatwaves are increasing in frequency as global smog diminishes

Claudio Reyes/AFP via Getty Images

As the world works to eliminate harmful aerosol pollution, heatwaves are becoming more common, exposing the intensifying effects of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This warming trend is particularly pronounced in densely populated areas where air pollution typically rises.

“Mitigating aerosol pollution is imperative for public health,” states Geeta Persad from the University of Texas at Austin. “However, we must acknowledge that this reveals specific risks that become magnified in populated regions.”

Aerosol pollution, primarily stemming from fossil fuel combustion, has effects that generally counteract those of greenhouse gases. While gases like carbon dioxide trap heat, aerosols tend to cool the atmosphere by reflecting sunlight either directly or by altering cloud behavior. Some estimates suggest that aerosol pollution masks half of the global warming effect of greenhouse gases.

This interplay means that cleaning up air pollution can inadvertently amplify climate warming effects. However, the specific ways in which aerosol variations impact heat in populous regions have remained unclear until now.

To analyze this more precisely, Persad and her team utilized climate models to evaluate how aerosol levels influence the occurrence of land heatwaves, examining both historical data and future projections. They defined a heatwave as three consecutive days where temperatures would rank among the hottest 10% for that time of year in a pre-industrial context.

Throughout most of the 20th century, the team discovered that aerosols mitigated the rise in heat wave occurrence driven by increasing greenhouse gases. However, since 2005, this trend has shifted as aerosol reductions have accelerated the growth of global heatwaves by nearly two days each decade.

The researchers also found that aerosols exert a more significant influence on heatwave frequency in densely populated regions compared to less populated areas. In certain regions, the reduction of aerosol levels has proven to be more than twice as impactful as the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. “If you examine the spatial distribution of aerosol concentrations, they correlate strongly with areas of high population,” remarks Persad.

In a scenario where greenhouse gas emissions rise significantly while aerosol levels gradually decrease, the team predicts a notable escalation in the frequency of heatwaves. By 2080, the number of heatwave days in densely populated regions could surge from about 40 to over 110 days annually.

“What sets this study apart is its focus on daily timescale data. You can genuinely perceive the decrease in aerosol levels across different areas of the globe,” says Shiv Priyam Raghuraman at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, who was not involved in the study. He highlights that these results arise from a single model under the most severe greenhouse gas emission scenario.

“These findings are compelling and enhance existing literature on the significant role aerosols play in climate extremes,” states Daniel Westerbert from Columbia University in New York. “It will be fascinating to see how other models might differ in their findings, and whether past observations support these results.”

Another significant uncertainty lies in the future trajectory of aerosol concentrations in the coming years, adds Persad. “Current emissions scenarios could determine aerosol trends over the next three decades,” she remarks.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Rediscovery of a Tiny Elusive Gecko in the Galapagos Islands

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Leaf-toed Gecko from Rabida Island

Rory Stansbury/Island Conservation

A small gecko has been rediscovered on Rabida Island in the Galapagos, previously believed to have been eradicated by invasive rats.

The leaf-toed gecko (Phyllodactylus maresi) measures just 8 centimeters in length, with a fossil record indicating its presence on Rabida over 5,000 years ago. However, live specimens were collected during expeditions in 2019 and 2021, confirming its survival as a species.

The gecko’s reappearance is linked to a successful restoration project led by the US-based nonprofit Island Conservation, which commenced in 2011. Collaborating with Galapagos National Park, the Charles Darwin Foundation, and the Raptor Center, the initiative also targets 10 other islands in the Galapagos, employing helicopters for large-scale distribution of poison bait to control invasive species.

By 2012, rats were officially deemed eradicated on Rabida, enabling a rapid ecological recovery, including the return of the gecko species. “We conducted thorough monitoring before the removal of invasive rats and found none,” stated Paula Castaño, an island conservation officer. “Initially, we had a small population, and without invasive predators, we finally had the chance to restore and expand that population, marking one of the most significant comebacks in history.”

Using DNA analysis, Castaño and her team discovered that the Rabida population is closely related to P. maresi from a neighboring island, yet it is classified as a distinct lineage known as evolutionarily significant units, emphasizing the critical need for conservation efforts.

The case of Rabida exemplifies the advantages of island restoration and invasive species removal, says Castaño. “We found a ‘extinct’ gecko alongside the last identified snail species from 1906. Furthermore, two additional snail species, once thought to be lost, were rediscovered on the island. “Nature is remarkable. It allows for rebirth and regeneration.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Silicon Valley Lures Researchers Just Like Soccer Teams

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The technology sector is engaged in an intense competition to lure artificial intelligence experts with increasingly lucrative salaries and hefty signing bonuses. Researchers holding doctoral degrees in computer science are at the forefront of this battle, often dubbed “talent.” The Washington Post recently referred to them as Olympians in a headline that asks, “Why are AI superathletes commanding $100 million bonuses in Silicon Valley?” These individuals are the most sought-after professionals globally.

High-tech firms are investing heavily in AI team star players who can create technologies surpassing human capabilities. These innovations aim to yield AI models known as “artificial general intelligence” or “super intelligence,” which outperform human intellect in every task.

In the pursuit of these coveted advancements, Silicon Valley is pouring money that could potentially establish a legacy. The race for talent is so intense that stories about the poaching of individual researchers are making headlines, as seen in Wired: “Another well-known OpenAI researcher joins Meta,” and Bloomberg: “Meta recruits two prominent Apple AI experts after hiring their boss.” The Information also reported, “Humanity has hired two leading coding AI experts from the cursor developer Anysphere.” All these stories emerged just last week.

The tech press’s fixation on these researchers resembles the sports media’s coverage of star player trades. Analysis of their salaries, speculation about upcoming moves Meta’s roster, discussions about team composition or overall strategy, and scrutiny of individual players echo the basketball trade phenomena from the Dallas Mavericks to the Los Angeles Lakers.

The term “another” in the Wired headline hints that one company is driving this frenzy—Meta. Mark Zuckerberg has made headlines recently by stating his company would invest “hundreds of billions” in AI initiatives. In April, Meta adjusted its capital expenditure plans for this year from $640 billion to $75 billion, an increase from the previous estimate of between $600 billion and $65 billion. In 2023, Meta only allocated $28 billion for maintenance, as noted by Fortune.

Zuckerberg is backing his commitment with cash. In early July, Meta hired Ruoming Pang, the head of Apple’s AI modeling team, for a staggering pay package amounting to around $200 million. Pang is set to join Meta’s super intelligence team, which may be the most expensive engineering group since the Manhattan Project.

The current trade frenzy is encapsulated in Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang’s remarks about half of the world’s leading AI researchers last week. He made these comments while in Beijing, during a meeting celebrating Donald Trump’s recent allowance for Huang’s extremely profitable company and a new permit to sell advanced semiconductors to China. Previously, the export of Nvidia chips faced tight restrictions. Huang’s remarks highlight the fact that American companies are investing in a pool of English-speaking talent, which still stands out in competition across the Pacific, regardless of the substantial salaries offered by high-tech giants.

Alternatives to iPhones and Samsungs vie for your attention

Photo: Samuel Gibbs/The Guardian

In recent years, several companies have launched mobile phones aimed at providing alternatives to the industry’s biggest players. Some of these companies are capitalizing on a rising unease regarding smartphones’ grip on our daily lives or simply seeking to challenge the prevailing dominance.

One intriguing option is a recently released device in the UK by Sage Mobile. This iPhone 16 variant comes with customized software that prohibits internet searches, gaming downloads, and social media apps like Instagram. British technology editor Robert Booth notes that these bespoke phones are sold at over twice the price of standard UK iPhone contracts, targeting children with the promise of “reconnecting with real life.”

This device includes a curated app store, enabling users to access apps for banking, public transport, school calendars, and weather updates.

Based on experiences with similar devices in the US, usage among children aged 8 to 14 averaged just 15 minutes to an hour per day—significantly less than the average screen time of 3 hours. Kaspar remarked, “It’s not magic and isn’t that fun,” leading to disinterest among kids and resulting in many devices ending up in landfills.

A 16-year-old anonymous reviewer shared their experience with the Guardian, highlighting how using Sage underscored their dependency on various apps and social media platforms. Although they felt more productive and engaged with family, creating a clean division between online and offline life proved to be more complex than merely blocking apps.

Sage’s representatives mentioned that it can take about a month to adapt to these limitations. However, teens may feel isolated from their friends and society, which is perceived as unjust. Having TikTok and Instagram is the norm today, and stepping back from these platforms can make it challenging to stay connected.

Should I continue using this phone, I would likely feel excluded when discussing how many of our jokes and cultural references originate from those platforms.

The London-based company Nothing also aims for a different approach with its Phone 3. This device features a quirky design, including a small LED screen on the back of a translucent case, rather than being a stripped-down version of an iPhone or Android.

Constructed on a Nothing version of the Android operating system, the Phone 3 incorporates many interesting features while striving to differentiate itself from the ubiquitous offerings of Apple and Samsung. Consumer Technology editor Samuel Gibbs provided a four-star review, stressing the importance of its unique attributes for justifying its value.

While the Phone 3 is impressive for Nothing, it may not outperform standard Android devices. It stands out from competitors but requires a desire for something distinctive to appreciate its offerings, given that more affordable devices provide comparable or superior performance.

Photo: AP

In his commitment to invest hundreds of billions of dollars in AI, Zuckerberg disclosed plans for a data center comparable in size to Manhattan. Meta’s sprawling complex, fueled by similarly vast financial outlays, has been named Hyperion, after the Greek Titan symbolizing the sun. Zuckerberg’s second smaller data center is named Prometheus, after the Titan punished for bringing fire and sacred knowledge to humanity. Is this data center a boon for us? Or, as the creators of AI, are we destined to face consequences? The emotions evoked by these names reflect Zuckerberg’s grand ambitions. The famous novel Frankenstein has another notable title that seems relevant: Modern Prometheus.

Google is also expanding its undertakings, planning to invest $3 billion in hydropower and $25 billion in data centers across Pennsylvania and neighboring states within the next two years. Apple is making its mark with a $500 million deal for rare earth minerals, investments that have drawn scrutiny from US mining companies.

The Broader Technology Landscape

Source: www.theguardian.com

UK Border Officials Utilize AI to Assess Ages of Child Asylum Seekers

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Officials will employ artificial intelligence to assist in estimating the age of asylum seekers who claim to be minors.

Immigration Minister Angela Eagle stated on Tuesday that the government will pilot technology designed to assess a person’s age based on facial characteristics.

This initiative is the latest effort aimed at helping the Labor Minister leverage AI to address public service issues without incurring significant expenses.

The announcement coincided with the public release of a report by David Bolt, the Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration. A crucial report indicated efforts to estimate the age of new arrivals.

Eagle mentioned in a formal statement to Parliament: “We believe the most economically feasible approach is likely to involve estimating age based on facial analysis. This technology can provide age estimates with known accuracy for individuals whose age is disputed or uncertain, drawing from millions of verifiable images.”

“In cases where it’s ambiguous whether the individual undergoing age assessment is over 18 or not claiming to be a minor, facial age estimation offers a potentially swift and straightforward method to validate judgments against the technology’s estimates.”

Eagle is launching a pilot program to evaluate the technology, aiming for its integration into official age verification processes by next year.

John Lewis announced earlier this year that it will be the first UK retailer to facilitate online knife sales using facial age estimation technology.

The Home Office has previously utilized AI in other sectors, such as identifying fraudulent marriages. However, this tool has faced criticism for disproportionately targeting specific nationalities.

Although there are concerns that AI tools may intensify biases in governmental decision-making, the minister is exploring additional applications. Science and Technology Secretary Peter Kyle announced a partnership with OpenAI, the organization behind ChatGPT, to investigate AI deployment in areas like justice, safety, and education.

Bolt expressed that the mental health of young asylum seekers has deteriorated due to failings in the age verification system, especially in Dover, where the influx of small boats is processed.

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“Many concerns raised over the past decade regarding policy and practices remain unresolved,” Bolt cautioned, emphasizing that the challenging conditions at the Dover processing facility could hinder accurate age assessments.

He added: “I have heard accounts of young individuals who felt distrustful and disheartened in their encounters with Home Office officials, where hope has faded and their mental well-being is suffering.”

His remarks echo a report from the Refugee Council, indicating that at least 1,300 children have been mistakenly identified as adults over an 18-month period.

Last month, scholars from the London School of Economics and the University of Bedfordshire suggested that the Home Office should be stripped of its authority to make decisions regarding lonely asylum seekers.

Source: www.theguardian.com

New Species of Stocky Dinosaurs Linked to Velociraptor Unveiled

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Sri Lapax fossil

Royal Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels

New species of Velociraptor – Similar to the dinosaurs found in Mongolia’s Gobi Desert, they boasted large claws and sturdy hands, enabling them to conquer larger prey.

The species is named Sri Lapax, inspired by the “intense characteristics we observe in our own hands,” explained Andrea Cow, a paleontologist from Italy.

Sri Lapax stretches approximately 2 meters in length and originates from the Judokta Formation, an expansive landscape of sand dunes and intermittent lakes dating back 75 million years.

Excavated in 2010, this fossil was illicitly transported into private collections in Japan and the UK before being returned to Mongolia. A collaborative study by CAU and colleagues uncovered bones that had been buried within rock layers, revealing remarkably preserved hands.

“The structure of the hand is notably robust, with particularly long and narrow claws,” remarked Tsogtbaatar Chinzorig from North Carolina State University. “This adaptation may have facilitated grasping and subduing relatively large prey.”

The primary claw measures 79.5 mm, nearly double the length of the corresponding claw in its closest relative, Velociraptor mongoliensis.

“When compared to Velociraptor – which is approximately the same size – the hands are 150% more robust, and the claws are elongated,” noted Cau. “[It] appears to have been adapted to pursue prey that was more formidable than what its relatives typically targeted.”

Strong nails of *Sri Lapax*

Royal Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels

Despite the loss of the skull and some vertebrae prior to the repatriation, CAU and colleagues managed to reconstruct the missing parts digitally, utilizing CT scans of the fossils conducted in 2016. The findings suggest that the skull is likely short and robust, indicating a stronger bite compared to many of its contemporaries.

James Napoli from Stony Brook University in New York noted the significance of recovering the missing skull and vertebrae. “The skull is particularly crucial for understanding this animal’s lifestyle and its evolutionary significance among theropod dinosaurs,” he stated.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

How a 4-Day Work Week Benefits Your Health and the Environment

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

A four-day workweek can significantly enhance both your mental and physical well-being, which in turn boosts your performance. This is supported by a recent study conducted by researchers from the US and Ireland.

The most exciting part? Research published in the journal Natural Human Behavior ensured that participants did not experience any wage cuts during the trial. This is crucial, as pay reductions can lead to increased stress. Participants managed to maintain their typical productivity levels while experiencing fewer sleep disturbances and reduced fatigue, thanks to an improved work environment.

“Globally, we observe trends of burnout, long hours, and inadequate personal time for employees and their families—this issue is prevalent not only in high-income countries but also in many low- and middle-income nations,” noted study author Wenfang, an associate professor of sociology at Boston University in the United States, as stated in BBC Science Focus.

“Our four-day workweek could serve as a potential solution for rethinking work structures that not only benefit employees but society at large.”

The sociologists from Boston College and University College Dublin conducted a six-month study involving approximately 3,000 employees from 141 organizations across Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the UK, and the US. Participants were offered reduced working hours ranging from 1-4 hours, 5-7 hours, or 8 hours.

Over the six-month period, employee wellness was evaluated across four categories: burnout, job satisfaction, overall psychological health, and physical health—key indicators of mortality risk.

Concurrently, they compared the outcomes for 285 employees from 12 companies that implemented reduced work hours with those who maintained the traditional workweek.

Significant health advantages were noted for employees in all three reduced-hour groups, particularly in terms of burnout and job satisfaction. Those who cut their working hours by eight saw the most substantial benefits. Furthermore, 90% of the companies that participated continued their four-day workweek after the trial concluded.

Globally, initiatives are underway to assess the effects of shorter workweeks on employee health and organizational productivity. One notable program is the 4DWG initiative, which has seen participation from 375 companies worldwide, advocating for a six-hour workday or a 20% reduction in total hours.

A potential limitation of this study is that it relied on companies volunteering to take part, primarily involving small businesses in English-speaking countries. Future studies aim to include government-sponsored trials for more randomized assessments.

Additionally, the researchers are exploring the environmental impact of a four-day workweek, as some employees have volunteered to monitor their carbon footprints.

Wen posits that both workers and employers could benefit environmentally, particularly with decreased pollution from commuting. She stated: “Countries adopting shorter working hours often report improved environmental outcomes.”

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About our experts

Wen Huang is an associate professor in the Department of Sociology at Boston College, USA. Her research has been published in journals such as Natural Human Behavior, Social Forces, Jobs and Occupations, and Advances in Life Course Research.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

This New Experiment Could Bridge the Gaps in Our Theories

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Humanity is now closer to developing an inclusive “all theories” framework to explain the physical universe. A new paper has been published in PRX Quantum.

Three scientists from the US have designed an experiment they believe can bridge the gap between quantum mechanics and Einstein’s general theory of relativity.

Quantum Mechanics elucidates the physics of the subatomic realm, while General Relativity addresses the large-scale universe, encompassing the physics of space, time, and gravity. Unfortunately, the two theories do not align.

“Both quantum theory and Einstein’s gravity theory have undergone rigorous testing and perform exceptionally well,” stated Dr. Igor Pikovsky, an assistant professor of physics at the Stevens Institute in New Jersey, as reported by BBC Science Focus.

“However, one of the greatest challenges in modern physics is to unify these two theories into a single coherent framework. So far, such a joint theory remains elusive.”

Pikovsky, along with Dr. Jacob Coby from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and Dr. Johannes Borlegaard from Harvard University, has conceived an experiment to elucidate how these two theories can coexist—an achievement that has never been accomplished before.

The goal? To uncover how quantum effects respond to the curvature of space-time.

The curvature of space-time, as described by Einstein, posits that gravity results from the bending of space and time around massive objects (like planets), causing time to pass more slowly closer to these objects.

Scientists have engineered atomic clock systems interconnected within quantum networks, demonstrating how they are influenced by curved space-time.

Atomic clocks are capable of measuring time with remarkable precision. Through a phenomenon known as entanglement, these quantum states can be interconnected, and the superposition principle allows clocks to experience multiple timeframes simultaneously, due to the unique property of existing in various states at once.

By situating these clocks in diverse locations, the quantum network can identify minute variations in time movement caused by the gravitational distortion of space-time.

“If successful, such a test would represent the inaugural assessment of the ‘quantum theory of curved space-time,’ shedding light on how quantum systems behave within the framework of Einstein’s gravity,” Pikovsky remarked.

Scientists are racing to develop quantum networks to enable future quantum internets that can connect quantum computers globally – credit: via Sakkmesterke

This experiment marks a crucial initial step in testing how these theories might be unified, relying on existing technology.

Pikovsky expressed hope that the paper would kindle “interest and excitement about the numerous mysteries that nature still holds.”

He added:

“Our findings indicate that quantum technology can be harnessed to address some of these questions through real-world experiments for the first time.”

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About our experts

Dr. Igor Pikovsky is an assistant professor of physics at the Stevens Institute in New Jersey, USA. He earned his PhD in Quantum Mechanics from the University of Vienna in 2014. His current research focuses on quantum phenomena, quantum fundamentals, and quantum information science.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

OpenAI Sign Engages with the UK to Explore Government Model Applications

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Sam Altman, at the helm of one of the world’s leading artificial intelligence firms, has inked an agreement with the UK government to investigate the use of sophisticated AI models in various sectors, including the judiciary, safety, and education.

The CEO of OpenAI, with a valuation of $300 million (£220 billion), offers a comprehensive suite of ChatGPT language models. On Monday, he reached a memorandum understanding with the Secretary of State for Science and Technology, Peter Kyle.

This agreement closely follows a similar pact between the UK government and OpenAI’s competitor, Google, a prominent technology company from the U.S.

See the latest contracts. OpenAI and the government have committed to “collaborate in identifying avenues for the deployment of AI models throughout government,” aiming to “enhance civil servants’ efficiency” and “assist citizens in navigating public services more efficiently.”

They plan to co-develop AI solutions that address “the UK’s toughest challenges, including justice, defense, security, and educational technology,” fostering a partnership that “boosts public interaction with AI technology.”

Altman has previously asserted that AI laboratories could achieve a performance milestone referred to as artificial general intelligence this year, paralleling human-level proficiency across various tasks.

Nonetheless, public sentiment in Britain is split regarding the risks and benefits of swiftly advancing technologies. An IPSOS survey revealed that 31% of respondents felt excited about the potential, although they harbored some concerns. Meanwhile, 30% remained predominantly worried about the risks but were somewhat intrigued by the possibilities.

Kyle remarked, “AI is crucial for driving the transformation we need to see nationwide. This involves revitalizing the NHS, eliminating barriers to opportunities, and stimulating economic growth.”

He emphasized that none of this progress could be attained without collaboration with a company like OpenAI, underscoring that the partnership would “equip the UK with influence over the evolution of this groundbreaking technology.”

Altman stated: “The UK has a rich legacy of scientific innovation, and its government was among the pioneers in recognizing the potential of AI through its AI Opportunity Action Plan. It’s time to actualize the plan’s objectives by transforming ambition into action and fostering prosperity for all.”

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OpenAI plans to broaden its operations in the UK beyond its current workforce of over 100 employees.

In addition, as part of an agreement with Google disclosed earlier this month, the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Technology announced that Google DeepMind, the AI division led by Nobel laureate Demis Hassabis, will “collaborate with government tech experts to facilitate the adoption and dissemination of emerging technologies,” thus promoting advances in scientific research.

OpenAI already provides technology that powers AI chatbots, enabling small businesses to more easily obtain guidance and support from government websites. This technology is utilized in tools like the Whitehall AI assistant, designed to expedite the processes for civil servants.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Hubble Space Telescope Captures a Mesmerizing Spiral Galaxy Spin

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has captured a stunning image of the Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 3285b.

This Hubble image reveals NGC 3285B, a spiral galaxy approximately 137 million light years away in the Hydra constellation. The color images were generated from separate exposures in the ultraviolet and infrared regions using Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), based on data collected through seven filters. Image credits: NASA/ESA/Hubble/RJ Foley, UC Santa Cruz.

NGC 3285b is situated around 137 million light years from the Hydra constellation.

It is also referred to as Leda 31293, ESO 501-18, or IRAS 10322-2723, with a diameter of 100,000 light years.

NGC 3285B boasts a disc and multiple swirling arms, characterized by a large, bright, golden nucleus, while its spiral arms exhibit a light, faint reddish hue.

It is part of the NGC 3312 Galaxy Group (LGG 210) and is a member of the Hydra I Galaxy Cluster.

“NGC 3285B is a component of the Hydra I Cluster, one of the largest galactic clusters in the nearby universe,” stated Hubble astronomers.

“Galactic clusters consist of hundreds to thousands of galaxies held together by gravity.”

“The Hydra I cluster is centered around two massive elliptical galaxies.”

“Each of these galaxies spans about 150,000 light years, roughly 50% larger than our Milky Way.”

NGC 3285B lies on the outskirts of the Hydra I cluster, distanced from the colossal central galaxy.

“This galaxy captured Hubble’s interest as it hosted a Type Ia supernova in 2023,” the astronomer noted.

“Type Ia supernovae produce a condensed star core known as white dwarf explosives, igniting a sudden fusion burst approximately five billion times brighter than the sun.”

The supernova, labeled SN 2023XQM, appears as a blue dot on the far left side of the galaxy’s disc.

“Hubble observed NGC 3285B as part of a campaign focused on Type Ia supernovae.”

“We aim to address the effects of distance and dust by examining each of these supernovae in ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared light.”

“This initiative will enhance cosmic distance measurements that depend on observations of Type Ia supernovae.”

Source: www.sci.news

Smoking Avatars in Online Games: Big Tobacco’s Strategy to Reach Youth in the Metaverse

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

In the image, a group of friends is gathered at the bar, with smoke curling upwards from a cigarette in hand. Additional cigarettes are in open packets resting on the table between them. This is not a photo from before the ban, but rather one shared on social media from a Metaverse gathering.

Virtual online environments are emerging as a new frontier for marketing, as tobacco and alcohol promoters target the youth without facing any legislative repercussions.

A report presented at the World Conference on Tobacco Management in Dublin last month provided several examples. New technologies such as digital token launches and sponsorships from vaping companies in online games are being utilized to promote smoking and vaping.

This information is derived from a surveillance initiative known as Canary—acting like a canary in the coal mine. The project is managed by public health organizations around the globe.

The caption for this post reads, “I’m drinking coffee at Metaverse.” Has someone stolen the writer? Photo: Icperience.id Instagram via Instagram

“Cigarette companies are no longer waiting for regulations to catch up. They are proactively advancing while we’re still trying to comprehend what’s happening on social media, and they’re already operating in unregulated spaces like the Metaverse.” “They utilize NFTs [non-fungible tokens] and immersive events to attract young audiences to their offerings.”

In India, one tobacco company has launched an NFT symbolizing ownership of digital assets, celebrating its 93rd anniversary.

Canary monitors and analyzes tobacco marketing on various social media platforms and news sites in India, Indonesia, and Mexico, and has recently expanded to Brazil and China, covering alcohol and ultra-processed food marketing as well.

The Metaverse is not fully monitored. This 3D immersive internet allows interactions in digital environments using technologies like virtual reality headsets. However, references to activities happening there are captured through links and information shared on traditional social media platforms.

Researchers suggest that children are more susceptible to tobacco marketing in this new digital arena, given the age demographics—over half of the active Metaverse users are under 13 years old.

Social media companies possess extensive insights into how to boost engagement and attract users back for more, according to Dr. Mary-Ann Etiebet, CEO of Vital Strategies.

“When you combine this with the tobacco industry’s experience in hooking individuals, these two elements converge in a murky, unknown space.”

Mark Zuckerberg, a prominent proponent of the Metaverse, has stated that in the future, you’ll be able to do almost anything you can envision. This already encompasses virtual shopping and concerts.

However, Magsambol describes it as “a new battleground for all of us,” shifting towards entities pushing products that are detrimental to health.

“My daughter is usually quite reserved, but in [the gaming platform] Roblox, while battling zombies and ghosts, she morphs into an avatar resembling a blend of Alexander the Great, Bruce Lee, and John Wick. She becomes quite bloodthirsty,” she remarked.

“Our behaviors shift. Social norms evolve… the tobacco industry is highly aware of this, making it easier to subtly promote the idea that anything is possible.”

The Metaverse art encountered by the team in Indonesia was showcased on the Instagram account of music enthusiasts linked to Djarum, one of Indonesia’s largest tobacco firms. Another instance highlighted a group enjoying coffee searching for something lighter.

All of this contributes to an initiative aimed at “normalizing” smoking and vaping, according to Magsambol. “Such behaviors are enacted by your avatar, but do they seep into your real life?”

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“Digital platforms are being leveraged to evade traditional advertising barriers and appeal to younger audiences,” she states. “This scenario reflects not merely a shift in marketing strategies, but a transformation in influence dynamics.”

Other researchers have presented instances where alcohol is marketed and sold in virtual stores.

Online marketing constitutes a global concern. At the same conference, 53% of Irish researchers reported having seen e-cigarette posts daily on social media.

Officials from the World Health Organization (WHO) note that the increase in youth smoking in Ukraine can be partially attributed to Covid and the war pushing children “online,” exposing them to various forms of marketing.

In India, youth ambassador Agamloop Kaur is leading a campaign for children to stay cigarette-free, which includes social media marketing to educate school children about the risks associated with cigarettes and vaping. She has noticed vapes being marketed as “wellness” products.

“I believe it’s crucial to educate young individuals about recognizing ads, understanding their implications, and realizing that they might not even be visibly tied to the tobacco industry. [Content posted by] influencers hold significant sway, as they help build awareness. Digital natives, when engaged on social media, can discern what’s genuine and what’s not; recognizing these attractions as empty is vital, especially for younger audiences.”

The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control mandates strict regulations regarding tobacco advertising, promotions, and sponsorships. Last year, signatories acknowledged the necessity for action to focus on “digital marketing channels such as social media that amplify tobacco marketing exposure among adolescents and young individuals.”

A boy smokes a cigarette in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Photo: Ulet Ifansasti/Getty Images

Yet, there are no straightforward solutions, as Andrew Black from the framework’s secretariat points out.

“The difficulty in regulating the Internet isn’t inherently linked to cigarettes. Rather, it’s a tangible challenge for governments to devise ways to safeguard societal norms in a landscape where technological advancements have transcended borders.”

Nandita Murktla, who leads the Canary initiative, urges regulators to exercise caution:

Source: www.theguardian.com

Physicists Uncover Unusual Quantum Echoes in Niobium Superconductors

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Researchers from Ames National Laboratory and Iowa State University have unveiled the emergence of Higgs echoes in niobium superconductors. These findings shed light on quantum behavior that could influence the development of next-generation quantum sensing and computing technologies.

Using Higgs Echo Spectroscopy, Huang et al reveal unconventional echo formation due to non-uniform expansion and soft quasiparticle bands, dynamically evolving under THZ drive. Image credit: Ames National Laboratory.

Superconductors are materials known for conducting electricity without resistance.

These superconducting materials exhibit collective oscillations referred to as the Higgs mode.

The Higgs mode represents a quantum phenomenon that occurs when the electronic potential fluctuates similarly to a Higgs boson.

Such modes manifest when the material experiences a superconducting phase transition.

Monitoring these vibrations has posed challenges for scientists for many years.

Additionally, they interact complexly with quasiparticles, which are electron-like excitations arising from superconducting dynamics.

By utilizing advanced terahertz (THZ) spectroscopy, the researchers identified a new type of quantum echo known as Higgs echo in superconductive niobium materials utilized in quantum computing circuits.

“Unlike traditional echoes seen in atoms and semiconductors, Higgs echoes result from intricate interactions between Higgs modes and quasiparticles, generating anomalous signals with unique properties.”

“Higgs echoes can uncover and reveal hidden quantum pathways within a material.”

By employing precisely-timed THZ radiation pulses, the authors were able to detect these echoes.

These THZ radiation pulses can also facilitate the encoding, storage, and retrieval of quantum information embedded in the superconducting material via echoes.

This study illustrates the ability to manipulate and observe the quantum coherence of superconductors, paving the way for innovative methods of storing and processing quantum information.

“Grasping and controlling these distinctive quantum echoes brings us closer to practical quantum computing and advanced quantum sensing technologies,” stated Dr. Wang.

a paper detailing these findings was published in the journal on June 25th in Advances in Science.

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Chuankun Huang et al. 2025. Discovery of unconventional quantum echoes due to Higgs coherence interference. Advances in Science 11 (26); doi:10.1126/sciadv.ads8740

Source: www.sci.news

Astronomers Capture Direct Image of Betelgeuse’s Stellar Companion

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Utilizing the speckle imager Alopeke from the Gemini North Telescope, part of the NSF’s International Gemini Observatory, astronomers captured direct images of Betelgeuse.

Betelgeuse (right) and its remarkable companions (left). Image credits: International Gemini Observatory/Noirlab/NSF/Aura/M. Zamani, Noirlab of NSF.

Betelgeuse is an 8-million-year-old red supergiant located about 724 light years away on the shoulder of the Orion constellation.

It ranks among the largest known stars, with a radius approximately 1,400 times greater than that of the Sun.

Also referred to as Alpha Orionis or Alpha Ori, Betelgeuse is one of the brightest stars in the sky, radiating more light than 100,000 suns.

The star is nearing the end of its life cycle, and when it eventually explodes, the event will shine brightly, becoming visible for weeks even during daylight.

Betelgeuse experiences a major variability period of roughly 400 days, accompanied by a longer secondary period of about six years.

In 2019 and 2020, a significant drop in Betelgeuse’s brightness occurred, known as the “big dimming” event.

This led to speculation about an imminent supernova explosion, but astronomers later found that a large cloud of dust ejected during the dimming was the true cause.

Although the “big dim” mystery has been resolved, it rekindled interest in studying the red supergiant, prompting new analyses of existing archival data.

One analysis suggested that the presence of companion stars might be responsible for Betelgeuse’s six-year brightness fluctuations.

However, searches conducted by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and the NASA Chandra X-ray Observatory did not detect these companions.

Dr. Steve Howell and his colleagues at NASA’s Ames Research Center investigated potential companions of Betelgeuse, referred to as Alpha Ori B or The Betelbuddy, using the Speckle Imager ‘Alopeke at the Gemini North Telescope.

“Speckle Imaging is an astronomical technique that employs very short exposure times to mitigate image distortion caused by Earth’s atmosphere,” they explained.

“This method allows for high resolution, and when combined with the light-gathering power of Gemini North’s 8.1m mirror, it enables the direct detection of faint companions of Betelgeuse.”

Analyzing the light from the companion stars allowed astronomers to identify their characteristics.

The companions appear to be A or B-type main-sequence stars, approximately six magnitudes fainter than Betelgeuse, with an estimated mass of around 1.5 solar masses.

The companion is situated relatively close to Betelgeuse, at about four times the distance between the Earth and the Sun.

This discovery marks the first detection of a close stellar companion orbiting a supergiant star.

Even more remarkably, the companions are within the extensive outer atmosphere of Betelgeuse, demonstrating the exceptional resolution capabilities of “Alopeke.”

“The speckle capabilities provided by the International Gemini Observatory prove to be a vital tool for astronomers across a wide range of applications,” stated Dr. Martin, NSF Program Director at the International Gemini Observatory.

“Providing solutions to the Betelgeuse mystery, which has persisted for centuries, is an exciting achievement.”

Survey results will appear today in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.

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Steve Howell et al. 2025. Possibility of direct imaging discovery of the stellar companion to Betelgeuse. apjl in press; doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/adeaaf

Source: www.sci.news

Researchers Document Submarine Canyons in Antarctica

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Submarine canyons are vast, deep formations located on the majority of the world’s continental margins. Antarctica plays a pivotal role in marine processes that significantly influence global climate and ocean circulation. The understanding of oceanographic, climatic, geological, and ecological importance is often hindered by the limitations in Canyon data. In a recent study, researchers from University College Cork and the University of Barcelona aimed to develop the most comprehensive catalogue of Antarctic submarine canyons and gullies. They discovered 332 drainage networks consisting of 3,291 river segments, which is nearly five times the number of canyons recorded in earlier research.

This map shows a network of 332 submarine canyons on the seabed of Antarctica. Image credits: Riccardo Arosio & David Amblas, doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2025.107608.

Submarine canyons are prevalent features found along all continental margins.

These canyons are typically V-shaped valleys with narrow, flexible morphology, beginning at the edge of the continental shelf or continental slope and extending into either the continental rise or abyssal plains.

Short channels less than 10 km in length are referred to as submarine gullies, and they are commonly found within canyon systems on continental slopes.

Submarine canyons are crucial for transporting sediments and nutrients from coastal areas to deeper waters, establishing biodiverse habitats by linking shallow and deep marine environments.

While approximately 10,000 submarine canyons exist globally, only 27% of the ocean floor is mapped at high resolution, indicating a likely higher total number of canyons.

Despite their ecological, oceanographic, and geological significance, submarine canyons are often underrepresented, especially in polar regions.

“Similar to the submarine canyons in the Arctic, those in Antarctica mirror canyons found elsewhere in the world,” stated Dr. David Amblàs, a researcher at the University of Barcelona.

“Yet, they tend to be larger and deeper due to the prolonged effects of polar ice and the considerable volume of sediment that glaciers deposit onto the continental shelf.”

For their research, the authors utilized version 2 of the International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean (IBCSO V2), the most comprehensive and detailed seabed map for the region.

They employed new high-resolution seabed data alongside semi-automated methods to identify and analyze these canyons.

Overall, they described 15 morphometric parameters that displayed notable differences between the southeastern and western canyons.

“Some of the submarine canyons we examined exceed depths of 4,000 meters,” remarked Dr. Amblàs.

“The most impressive among them is located in East Antarctica and consists of a complex, divergent canyon system.”

“It originates from multiple canyons near the edge of the continental shelf and converges into a single main channel that descends steeply into deep water.”

Dr. Ricardo Arosio from Cork University commented:

“The canyons in East Antarctica exhibit more complexity and branching patterns, forming varied canyon channel systems characterized by the often typical U-shaped cross sections.”

“This indicates a significant influence of long-term development under persistent glacial activity alongside erosion and sediment deposition processes.”

“On the contrary, West Antarctic canyons are short and steep, featuring a V-shaped cross section.”

“This morphological distinction supports the hypothesis that the East Antarctic ice sheet developed earlier and underwent a longer maturation process,” explained Dr. Amblàs.

“This was previously suggested by studies of sedimentary records but lacked explanation through large-scale seabed geomorphology.”

“Thanks to the high resolution of the new seabed measurement database—500 m per pixel, compared to 1-2 km per pixel in earlier maps—we can effectively apply semi-automated technology for canyon identification, profiling, and analysis,” Dr. Arosio stated.

“The strength of our research lies in the integration of various methods previously used but now brought together into robust and systematic protocols.”

“We’ve also developed a GIS software script that enables the calculation of numerous canyon-specific morphometric parameters with just a few clicks.”

The team’s research will be featured in the journal Marine Geology.

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Riccardo Arosio & David Amblas. 2025. Topographic measurements of the Antarctic Submarine Canyon. Marine Geology 488:107608; doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2025.107608

Source: www.sci.news

Triassic Sauropod Dinosaur Fossils Unearthed in Switzerland

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Paleontologists have unearthed the skeletal remains of a completely new and unnamed Masopodan Sauropodmorph dinosaur in the Cretgau Formation of Canton Aargau, Switzerland.

Clear skull of a new Masopodian sauropod dinosaur in view on the right. Scale bar – 5 cm. Image credits: Lanier et al., doi: 10.1186/s13358-025-00373-6.

The newly found fossil is estimated to be from the late Triassic Epoch Norian period, around 206 million years ago.

This dinosaur was previously associated with an unidentified member of Masopoda, a vast group of Sauropodmorph dinosaurs that existed during the late Triassic to late Cretaceous epochs.

“Among Mesozoic terrestrial vertebrates, Sauropodomorpha stands out as one of the most successful dinosaur clades, becoming a dominant herbivore component in both Late Triassic and Jurassic paleoecosystems, with a wide global distribution from Antarctica to Greenland,” stated Dr. Alessandro Lania from the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn and his Swiss colleagues.

“The origin of Sauropodmorph can be traced back to the early late Triassic on the Gondwanan continent, with the oldest examples found in Brazil, Argentina, South Africa, and North America.”

“Based on the South American fossil record, we offer a detailed understanding of the early evolution of sauropods, moving away from a limited number of strains characterized by small size, bipedal locomotion, and a carnivorous diet. This heralds a shift to medium and large body plans, quadrupedal dynamics, and a transition to herbivorous habits in the Norian-Flyzia period.”

Moreover, this notable increase in the diversity of Sauropodmorph in South Pangea during the Norian period is evident through the emergence of new major lineages like Masopoda and Sauropodiformo, marking a significant morphological divergence.

The partially complete skeleton of the new Masopodan Sauropodmorph was discovered in 2013 at the top of the fossil horizon within the Gruharde members of the Kretgau Formation in Flick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland.

“The Kretgau Formation represents one of the most extensive stratigraphic sequences of the Late Triassic in Europe, consisting of a diverse, petrologically heterogeneous series of deposits spanning approximately 26 to 30 million years, from early Karnians to late Lechan,” explained the paleontologist.

“The Kretgau Formation can be seen in various locations across Switzerland, documenting discontinuous sequences of varied Playa deposits influenced by river and oceanic processes, reflecting several lateral paleoenvironmental shifts throughout the stratigraphy.”

This new specimen signifies the first den Plate Saurus of the Canton Aargau sauropods and Swiss sauropods from the 4th Triassic, distinguishing them from non-Sauropodian Sauropodmorph.

“Osteologic investigations combined with morphological comparisons have clarified the anatomy of mosaic cranial cephalogenesis, integrating typical features of non-masopodian plasal aurians and Masopodian sauropods, like Coloradisaurus Brevis from Argentina,” the researcher commented.

According to the authors, this dinosaur represents the first non-Sauropod-type masopodian from Laurasia.

“Interestingly, this scenario raises the hypothesis of the European origins of early Jurassic Masopodans from late Triassic Asia, though more evidence is needed to substantiate this,” they stated.

“Additionally, these fossils enhance our understanding of cranial variability and body diversity in Norian sauropodomorphs in Laurasia, paralleling those in Gondwana, particularly in South America and Africa.”

The team’s paper was published this month in the Swiss Journal of Palaeontology.

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A. Rania et al. 2025. Cranial osteology of the new Masopodan Sauropodmorph (dinosaurs: saury) from the late Triassic period (latest Norian) of Switzerland. Swiss J Palaeontol 144, 39; doi:10.1186/s13358-025-00373-6

Source: www.sci.news

Gluten May Not Be the Culprit Behind Many Cases of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Gluten is a protein found in most types of bread.

Tono Balaguer/Getty Images

Some individuals believe that gluten can aggravate IBS symptoms, even though they consume proteins from wheat, barley, and rye without experiencing any discomfort.

IBS typically leads to abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation. Although the exact mechanism remains unclear, many affected individuals claim that gluten and its sources, which include wheat, can worsen their symptoms.

To determine the true triggers of these symptoms, Premysl Bercik and his team at McMaster University in Canada enlisted 28 participants with IBS who reported relief on a gluten-free diet.

Participants followed a gluten-free regimen for three weeks and then assessed their symptoms based on a scale from 0 to 500, averaging a score of 183.

They were then randomly given one of three types of cereal bars: one containing wheat, another with gluten alone, and a third that was free of both. The first two bars included a gluten dose similar to that found in four slices of bread, according to Bercik.

Although participants were informed that the bars may worsen their symptoms, they were unaware of the specific ingredients they contained.

After one week, participants rated the severity of their symptoms again and returned to a gluten-free diet for two weeks to reverse the effects of the bars. The experiment was repeated twice, ensuring each participant tried all three types of bars.

Following the exposure to the placebo bar, participants indicated a symptom increase of 50 points. Conversely, 11 participants reported worsening after consuming the wheat bars compared to 10 after the gluten-only bars.

Bercik notes, “All three challenges elicited symptoms in a comparable proportion of patients.”

While gluten and wheat may trigger IBS for some individuals, the findings indicate that others might be experiencing a nocebo effect.

Commentary accompanying the study by Sigrid Elsenbruch from the University of Duisburg-Essen, noted that participants were cautioned that the bars could worsen their symptoms.

Analysis of stool samples revealed that participants often did not adhere to the bar consumption as instructed. This raises the possibility that they may not have ingested sufficient gluten or wheat to specifically impact their IBS symptoms.

Bercik added that the research team is exploring how gluten and wheat might trigger IBS symptoms in some individuals, potentially by altering gut microbiota.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

NASA Faces Another Leadership Departure Amidst Growing Tensions About Its Future

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The head of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center announced her resignation on Monday.

Makenzie Lystrup, who has been at the helm of the Maryland facility since April 2023, will depart the agency on August 1st. As indicated in a statement from NASA, Goddard is responsible for many major missions, including the Hubble Space Telescope, the Solar Dynamics Observatory, and the Osiris Rex mission that retrieved samples from asteroids.

Lystrup’s resignation comes shortly after Laurie Leshin stepped down as the director of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Institute in Pasadena, California.

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Director, McKenzie Lystrup, at a panel discussion during the 2024 Artemis Suppliers Conference in Washington, DC
Joel Kovsky / NASA

These departures come as NASA and other federal agencies face significant funding challenges and personnel reductions as part of a larger effort to streamline the federal workforce. Inside NASA, there are rising concerns on Capitol Hill regarding how space agencies can manage their duties with a reduced staffing structure and the rationale for implementing cuts before Congressional budget approval.

At the same time, more than 2,000 senior-level staff members are expected to exit NASA as part of workforce reduction initiatives. First reported by Politico, this group includes senior management and specialists, raising concerns about a “brain drain” within the agency.

NASA staff will need to make decisions on accepting “deferred resignation,” voluntary departures, or early retirement by the end of the week.

President Donald Trump’s proposed 2026 budget aims to cut approximately 25% from NASA’s budget, totaling over $6 billion. The most substantial reductions will impact the Space Science, Earth Science, and Mission Support divisions. As per budget outlines.

If passed by Congress, this budget could lead to the discontinuation of NASA’s space launch system rockets and the Orion spacecraft.

In reaction to the budget proposal, over 280 current and former NASA employees have signed a letter addressed to NASA’s interim administrator Sean Duffy, expressing that recent policies from the Trump administration “endanger public resources, compromise human safety, weaken national security, and undermine NASA’s essential mission.”

The letter, known as the Voyager declaration, states that these changes have had “devastating impacts” on the agency’s personnel and prioritize political goals over human safety, scientific progress, and the prudent use of public funds.

An internal communication obtained by NBC News indicates that before Duffy replaced Janet Petro, the former NASA deputy manager, she was compelled to justify how budget cutbacks and restructuring were in the agency’s best interests.

It remains unclear if the resignations of Lystrup and Leshin are connected to the ongoing turmoil at NASA and other federal institutions. NASA’s announcement about Leshin’s resignation stated her departure was “for personal reasons.”

NASA did not disclose any specifics regarding Lystrup’s resignation. In an internal message obtained by NBC News, Lystrup expressed confidence in Goddard’s leadership team and the future direction of the center.

“I feel privileged to have been part of this remarkable journey with you,” she mentioned in an email. “That was an honor.”

NASA announced on Monday that Cynthia Simmons, the assistant director, will step in as the acting director of Goddard starting in August.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

An Octopus Embraces the Fantasy of Rubber Hands, Just Like Us

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Plain-body octopus can be misled into believing false arms are their own

Kawashima and Yuzuku Ishima/Lucys University

Similar to humans, octopuses can be deceived by an illusion that leads them to believe that artificial arms are genuinely theirs.

This phenomenon, known as the rubber hand illusion, was first identified in the late 1990s, wherein a person’s hidden real hand is stroked alongside a fake hand placed before them. This trick was later found to impact other mammals, such as mice.

Recently, Kawashima and Samia, alongside Yuzuru Ikeda at the University of Ryukyu in Okinawa, Japan, discovered that octopuses are likewise susceptible to this illusion.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8ajppo0qyy

The experiment involved the plains of octopuses (Callistoctopus aspilosomatis) placed in a test tank. Soft gel fake arms, set atop an opaque partition, were placed over one of the octopus’s real arms, obscuring it from view. A researcher then stroked both the actual and fake arms simultaneously with a plastic caliper.

About eight seconds later, the researchers pinched the fake arm with tweezers. All six octopus subjects exhibited defensive behaviors, including color changes, arm retraction, and attempts to escape, across 24 trials.

The illusory effect diminished when the test was conducted without synchronized stroking, used non-synchronized stroking, or when the fake arm’s position didn’t align with the real arm.

During the experiment, the octopus could see false arms resting over a partition that obscured their actual arms

Kawashima and Yuzuku Ishima/Lucys University

According to Ikeda, the experiments reveal both advantages and disadvantages in the neural wiring of both octopuses and humans. “The illusion indicates an octopus’s ability to predict and anticipate, critical for survival,” he states. “Conversely, this capacity arises from neural conflicts and processing errors, suggesting a flaw.”

Kawashima asserts that this investigation will contribute to the understanding of octopus capabilities related to human experiences. “Our results imply that octopuses could serve as a vital model for studying the evolution of body ownership,” she mentions.

Peter Godfrey-Smith at the University of Sydney in Australia found the findings surprising. “This indicates that octopuses possess a complex body image,” he comments. “I was intrigued that the ‘positional mismatch’ scenario indeed worked—showing that the octopus didn’t perceive the rubber arm as its own in that specific situation.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Applying Limestone on the Farm Could Lead to Surprising Environmental Benefits

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Farmers apply lime to pastures to enhance soil quality

Wayne Hutchinson/Alamy

The centuries-old method of distributing crushed limestone on farmland can enhance crop yields by lowering soil acidity. While this practice is typically viewed as a contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, recent studies indicate that “liming” might actually assist in sequestering substantial amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

“Liming can either act as a carbon source or as a carbon sink. Empirical evidence suggests it serves as a fairly effective carbon sink,” says Noah Pranabsky from Yale University. This revelation could motivate the global spread of limestone on farms, although liming does not produce this effect universally.

Each year, millions of tons of crushed limestone spread across fields are classified as emission sources. This classification arises because when alkaline materials dissolve in acidic soils, a significant portion of its carbon is released as CO2. However, this assessment is not entirely accurate. According to Tim Jesper Souhoff, also from Yale, the situation is more complex.

Today’s soils are highly acidic, resulting from extensive fertilizer use and pollution from fossil fuel combustion. Consequently, various other alkaline minerals in the soil dissolve and liberate carbon, even in the absence of limestone. “These CO2 emissions will happen regardless of whether lime is added or not,” Suhrhoff explains, emphasizing that this alteration of acidity can lead to unintentional consequences.

Suhrhoff advocates for a more accurate evaluation of emissions from this practice, suggesting that scientists should analyze CO2 emitted versus captured in scenarios both with and without liming.

As an illustration of this method, Suhrhoff, Planavsky, and their team focused on the Mississippi River basin, a region that gathers runoff from the majority of U.S. farmland. They calculated the net carbon impact of limestone applications from 1900 to 2015 across the area.

The researchers estimated emissions from the soil while utilizing geochemical models to assess how liming alters soil acidity. They also compared their model results with direct observations of alkalinity in the Mississippi, where limestone reacts with carbon dioxide.

By employing their innovative approach, the researchers determined that they had sequestered around 300 million tonnes of CO2 in the region, rather than enabling the release of hundreds of millions of tonnes of emissions. Souhoff presented these findings at the Goldschmidt Conference held in Prague, Czech Republic, on July 10th.

This practice can also be coupled with the increased use of crushed volcanic rocks on farmland to sequester even more CO2 from the atmosphere.

Wolfram Buss from the Australian National University suggests that while liming can act as a carbon sink, the success seen in the Mississippi River Basin may not apply universally. “There is a potential risk with lime application, which could result in net CO2 emissions in other systems, primarily due to the significant acidification of agricultural soils,” he warns.

The subsequent step is to determine where liming is most essential. “This presents the opportunity for us to foster improved crop yields, potentially leading to billions of tons of CO2 removal,” Planavsky remarks. Financial incentives can significantly aid low-income farmers who are unable to afford the optimal amount of lime needed for their crops.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

A Four-Day Workweek Could Boost Your Health and Job Performance

Posted on July 21, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Reduced commuting days appear to reflect some workers’ sentiments

2024 Getty Images

Shifting to a four-day workweek without impacting salaries seems to enhance employee wellness and job satisfaction.

The Covid-19 pandemic changed workforce dynamics. With a transition to remote or hybrid work environments, some companies have adopted a four-day work schedule while maintaining pay.

To explore these changes, Wenfang from Boston College, Massachusetts, and her colleagues examined data from 141 companies across the US, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Ireland that took part in a pilot initiative by the nonprofit 4 Day Global.

Prior to the trial, companies collaborated with external consultants to streamline their workflows and eliminate inefficiencies like unnecessary meetings.

After a six-month program, researchers compared self-reported productivity, health, and job satisfaction from approximately 3,000 employees at participating companies against 12 workers who were involved but opposed the trial.

Employees at companies that adopted a four-day work week reported lower rates of burnout and higher job satisfaction, alongside improvements in overall mental and physical health. These benefits were linked to better sleep quality, reduced fatigue, and enhanced work performance.

“Many individuals are concerned about a phenomenon called job intensification. If you’re required to complete all your work in four days instead of five, it might increase stress,” notes Fan. “Our findings indicate the opposite. When employees can reduce hours, they feel positive about themselves, contributing to greater happiness.”

The results were consistent across various employee demographics, including age and gender, regardless of whether they worked remotely or in-office. However, positions within the company appeared to impact results. Supervisors reported notable enhancements in overall well-being compared to non-supervisors.

The researchers indicated that participants did not clarify which specific aspects of the trial contributed to their perceived benefits, suggesting that the improvements might stem from reduced unnecessary meetings rather than merely switching to a four-day schedule, according to Ronnie Golden from Penn State University in Abington.

“If employees report higher happiness, could it be due to better treatment from their employer? They might trust their company more, benefit from fewer commuting days, or enjoy a few extended days for leisure,” states Golden. “Or is it simply a matter of increased productivity per hour with fewer distractions?”

Regardless, over 90% of firms that transitioned to a four-day work week chose to continue this model after the program ended, according to Fan.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Innovative Aerogels Provide Eco-Friendly Solutions for Oil Spill Cleanup

Posted on July 21, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

When thick oil from tanker or pipeline accidents infiltrates the ocean, the clean-up process often generates more waste than oil removed. Traditional synthetic tools, such as polypropylene pads and oil dispersants, consist of toxic chemicals that decompose slowly. To offer a more eco-friendly solution, scientists are looking to natural materials like coconut shells, which can absorb oil without causing additional contamination. This Bio-based material is safe and decomposes naturally without harming the environment.

One category of bio-based materials under investigation for oil spill clean-up consists of long chains known as repeating molecules polymers. Researchers have combined various bio-based polymers to create what are called hybrid materials Composite Materials. These composites include a unique type of highly porous solids primarily made of air—Air Gel. Depending on the material composition, iPhone-sized aerogels can weigh less than small paper clips and are highly porous, allowing them to absorb significant amounts of oil, functioning like an overactive sponge!

Previously, scientists utilized chitosan (CS) derived from crustacean shells to construct bio-based aerogels with sodium alginate (SA) from brown seaweed. However, both CS and SA are water-attracting compounds, Hydrophilicity, causing them to dissolve in water. This makes it challenging to apply them for oil spill clean-ups in bodies of water, as they dissolve before capturing much oil. Additionally, CS-SA aerogels tend to be relatively weak and flexible, raising concerns about their reusability.

To address these issues, researchers at the National University of Singapore developed a new CS-SA aerogel. This enhanced aerogel not only repels water but is also lightweight, durable, and reusable through multiple oil absorption cycles.

To create the aerogels, researchers initially dissolved CS and SA in a solution and sent sound waves through it. The sound waves intertwine polymer chains, releasing and reassembling them into smaller chains of Nanofiber. To counteract the hydrophilic nature of CS and SA, researchers introduced water-repelling agents—Hydrophobicity chemicals such as Methyltrimethoxysilane or MTMS.

The mixture was then poured into a mold and placed in liquid nitrogen. This facilitated the formation of ice crystals within the solution, pushing the nanofibers towards the edges where they bonded to create honeycomb-like microstructures. The researchers then froze the mixture and directly sublimated it into steam to eliminate the water.

After producing the aerogels, researchers assessed their porosity and strength. They employed a high-powered microscope to examine the internal structure of the aerogels and determine how the nanofibers influenced porosity. They discovered that aerogels containing nanofibers are more porous than those without. An increase in nanofiber concentration from 0.5% to 2% resulted in aerogels that are up to 9.5 times stronger, albeit with lower porosity, increasing density by 2.5 times. The team settled on a 1% nanofiber concentration as the optimal formula to balance strength and porosity.

The researchers also evaluated the strength of each aerogel by stretching them and measuring how much deformation they could withstand without losing their shape—a concept referred to as Top yield strength and the force they could handle before failure—Ultimate strength. With increasing amounts of MTM, the aerogels became stronger, boosting yield strength by up to 300% and ultimate strength by 200%. They also tested the recovery of the aerogels after compression, showing that they could regain up to 96% of their original shape and exhibited 32% resilience to compression, with minimal bending or structural deformation.

Finally, researchers examined how effectively the aerogels repelled water and absorbed oils. When placed on the aerogel’s surface, water droplets retained a nearly spherical shape instead of spreading out. The droplets were observed moving across the surface and rolling off without leaving any residue, confirming the hydrophobic nature of the aerogel. To test oil absorption, researchers submerged the aerogels in an oil-water mixture, where the aerogels absorbed more than 90% of the oil volume and weighed 30-90 times their initial mass.

Researchers concluded that their new aerogels could be a powerful and sustainable alternative to synthetic materials for oil spill clean-up. They emphasized that designing materials at multiple scales—ranging from molecules to small fibers—can enhance their strength and performance. They proposed that further advancements could allow these aerogels to support reusable and eco-friendly solutions for oil spill remediation, particularly in sensitive coastal areas.

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Source: sciworthy.com

Microwave Tea? The Shift Among Generation Z from Kettles to Quick Brews

Posted on July 21, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Item: A kettle.

Established: 132. First appeared in the catalog in 1893.

Outer appearance: It’s gradually becoming less common.

I’m not sure where this is going. Get with the times. Young people in the UK seem to have moved away from using kettles for tea.

Are they boiling water in a pot? Not ideal.

You can’t mean… I don’t want to say this, but they might be using a microwave now.

Can you hear that? King Arthur is weeping. Or perhaps they have a point. Maybe they are tired of brewing tea with disposable appliances clogged with old lime scale.

But it’s a tradition! That’s irrelevant. A survey of over 2,000 UK energy bill payers conducted by Uswitch revealed that 58% of individuals under 30 use microwaves for their tea. One in six admits to doing this daily.

Why’s that? Is it quicker? Not really. Boiling water for a mug takes 48 seconds in a kettle and almost 3 minutes in a microwave.

So, is the drink quality any better? No, it’s not. Dr. Tim Bond from the Tea Advisory Panel states that microwaves heat water unevenly, causing inconsistent tea extraction and a stewed flavor.

Why use the microwave then? There are two main reasons. Some students are forced to use microwaves due to university restrictions on kettles.

What’s the other reason? American influence.

What do you mean? Americans typically don’t use electric kettles, making them more likely to microwave water. Those influenced by American culture may start seeing this as the norm.

Oh. First, they picked Trump, and now this? It’s alright. This means owning an electric kettle has become a badge of defiance. The UK may have its flaws, but at least we know how to properly boil water.

Indeed! Our national chant is, “Tea before the milk!” Speaking of which…

What now? Years ago, scientists from the University of Leeds found that adding milk before the tea can actually enhance the taste.

This feels like a betrayal of all I hold dear. Don’t worry, it’s understandable; your struggle to change a light bulb and your discontent with their political system are perhaps more concerning.

All this makes microwave tea seem trivial. Absolutely.

Say: “I’ll brew a kettle…”

Don’t say: “… Sell it on eBay. Who drinks a refreshing cup of microwave tea?”

Source: www.theguardian.com