Critics question China’s gaming industry after the release of Black Myth: Wukong

a The Chinese game Black Myth: Wukong has become a summer sensation, selling 10 million copies in just three days, as reported by developer Game Science. With over a million daily players on Steam, it marks China’s first major success in the console and PC gaming market, typically dominated by mobile games. The game’s popularity as a single-player experience contrasts with previous multiplayer failures, indicating a growing demand for this type of adventure.
still The game industry executives may have underestimated the appetite for such immersive experiences.

Goku, the main character of the game, has also sparked interest for other reasons. IGN’s report shed light on public comments by Game Science employees, revealing a concerning pattern of sexism. This led to conversations about gender inequality in Chinese gaming and society as a whole. While some defended Game Science, others criticized the studio for its alleged attitudes. This controversy further fueled the debate in the gaming community.

Black Myth: Wukong’s success has placed it at the center of cultural debates in the gaming world. Recent incidents of limiting discussions around sensitive topics in game demos amplified the scrutiny on the game and its developers. The game’s guidelines reflect broader restrictions in China, raising questions about creative freedom in the country’s gaming landscape. Despite these controversies, the game continues to thrive, attracting attention from global audiences.


Gamers in Shanghai try out Black Myth: Wukong on release day.
Photo: Héctor Retamal/AFP/Getty Images

These events underscore the multi-layered significance of Black Myth: Wukong’s success, highlighting the changing dynamics in China’s gaming sector. With the game’s roots in Chinese cultural heritage, it has garnered support from nationalist sentiments. However, critiques about its gameplay quality raise questions about its lasting impact. Despite differing opinions, the game remains a pivotal example of the evolving gaming industry landscape.

What to Play


Astro Bot: “Overflowing with ideas”
Photo: Sony/Team Asobi

Dive into the imaginative world of Astro Bot on PlayStation 5, a platform game that offers endless fun and creativity. Explore the galaxy as Astro and his robot friends in a spaceship-shaped adventure. Experience the PS5’s capabilities in a captivating storyline. Stay tuned for a detailed review coming soon.

Available: PlayStation 5
Estimated play time:
20+ hours

What to Read


Concorde.
Photo: Sony Interactive Entertainment
  • Sony’s cancellation of Concorde highlights the challenges of the gaming industry, with a failed release prompting quick action. The game’s premature end raises questions about market demand and quality standards.

  • Explore the legacy of Mabel Addis, the pioneering female game designer who revolutionized the industry. Her contributions to storytelling and character development set new standards for interactive entertainment.

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Go to the Farm: Stardew Valley.
Photo: Photo from ConcernedApe’s High Score column

leader Adam question:

“I game online with friends regularly, and have been looking for a new story-driven online co-op adventure for a while. I'm struggling to find something to fit in for a short Friday night session. Any suggestions? As a kicker, something where he can act planned and careful, and I impulsively make a mess that he has to clean up, would be ideal.”

Discover exciting co-op adventures like Stardew Valley and Monster Hunter World, offering engaging gameplay experiences where collaboration and chaos collide. These titles provide an immersive escape for short gaming sessions with friends, catering to different play styles and preferences.

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Source: www.theguardian.com

Top Sonos Discounts on Black Friday 2024

If you’re considering purchasing new audio equipment, you’re in luck: Sonos is among the brands offering Black Friday sales this year. The sales will be available not only on Sonos’ website but also through retailers like John Lewis, Amazon, Curry’s, Very, and more.

In recent years, Sonos has become one of the top speaker brands globally, known for its aesthetically pleasing products with excellent audio quality. Given their higher price point, the Black Friday sales event might be the perfect time to invest in a Sonos product.

Below, we’ve compiled a list of the best Black Friday deals, featuring discounts on everything from Bluetooth speakers to soundbars and more.

When is Black Friday 2024?

In the United States, Black Friday occurs annually on the Friday after Thanksgiving. This year, Black Friday falls on November 29th, with Cyber Monday following on December 2nd. Sales for Black Friday often start weeks or even months in advance, so be sure to keep an eye out for your favorite deals.

How to get the best Black Friday deals in 2023

Most sales during this time tend to be genuine discounts, but some may be inflated, especially if the product hasn’t been sold at full MSRP for a while. Here are some tips to ensure you get a good deal:

  • Research the products you’re interested in and their prices before Black Friday sales begin
  • Check customer reviews, as some items may be discounted for specific reasons during a sale
  • Utilize online tools like Camel Camel Camel to view product price history
  • Compare prices for the same product across multiple retailers
  • Avoid making impulsive purchases
  • Bookmark this page to stay updated on Black Friday deals

Where can you find Sonos deals this Black Friday?

Sonos sales in the UK

Sonos Sales in the United States

The best Black Friday Sonos deals we’ve found in 2023

Sonos Roam Speaker – £179 £134 (save £45)

buy now from Sonos (134 pounds)

The Sonos Roam speaker is a must-have for any music fan – it’s the perfect balance of stylish, compact, and powerful. With five different color options available, the Roam makes an ideal Christmas gift for home audio enthusiasts.

buy now from Sonos (134 pounds)

Premium Entertainment Set (with Arc) – £1698 £1613 (save £85)

buy now from Sonos (from £1,613)

Get a discount on the Sonos Premium Smart Soundbar and Premium Wireless Subwoofer, designed to deliver ultra-realistic sound and enhance your entertainment experience.

buy now from Sonos (from £1,613)

For more content on soundbars, check out our reviews of the best soundbars to buy in 2023.

Ultimate Immersive Set with Arc – £2597 £2466 (save £130)

buy now from Sonos (from £2,466)

This home cinema audio system includes Sonos’ Premium Smart Soundbar and Premium Wireless Subwoofer, along with two Era 300 Premium Smart Speakers. While it may be a significant investment, this bundle delivers a mesmerizing audio experience with spatial sound and powerful bass.

buy now from Sonos (from £2,466)


Sonos Beam (2nd generation) – £499 £399 (20% discount)

buy now from Argos (from £399), Curry (from £399)

The Sonos Beam (2nd Gen) offers an immersive performance at a competitive price. This compact speaker features a range of drivers and amplifiers to deliver exceptional audio, creating an immersive listening experience.

buy now from Argos (from £399), Curry (from £399)

For more information on Sonos Beam (Gen 2), read our reviews.

1 SL speaker – £179 £133 (save £46)

buy now from Amazon (from £133), Sonos (134 pounds)

This powerful speaker is ideal for streaming music, radio, audiobooks, or creating surround sound. It can be controlled via the Sonos app or Apple AirPlay 2 and connects to Wi-Fi to fill large rooms with music.

buy now from Amazon (from £133), Sonos (134 pounds)

Move the speaker – £399 £249.99 (38% discount)

The Sonos Move speaker is waterproof, drop-resistant, voice-enabled, and features an 11-hour battery life. It’s a portable yet powerful speaker, currently on sale at a reduced price from £399.

Check availability at Amazon (from £249), Very (from £279)

Sonosray – £279 £219 (22% discount)

buy now from eBay (from £217.50), Very (from £259)

The Sonos Ray is one of the newest speakers from the brand, aiming to provide Sonos soundbar technology at a more affordable price. Currently, it’s on sale for £219.

buy now from eBay (from £217.50), Very (from £259)

Sonos Arc Smart Soundbar with Dolby Atmos and Voice Control – £899 £749 (17% discount)

buy now from Amazon (£749)

The Sonos Arc with Dolby Atmos revolutionizes your entertainment experience with lifelike sound. This smart soundbar offers immersive 3D audio controlled through your TV remote, voice commands, the Sonos app, or Apple AirPlay 2.

Advanced technology delivers exceptional detail and bass, while customization features like Speech Enhancement and Trueplay optimize audio based on your room’s acoustics.

buy now from Amazon (£749)

SONOS SUB (3rd Generation) Wireless Subwoofer – Black – £799 £599 (25% discount)

buy now from Amazon (from £599)

The Sonos SUB (3rd Gen) wireless subwoofer delivers powerful bass specifically designed to complement Sonos soundbars and home cinema systems. This exceptional subwoofer integrates seamlessly into Sonos’ premium audio lineup.

buy now from Amazon (from £599)

For more great Black Friday deals, check out our dedicated deals pages for the Best Black Friday tech deals, Best Black Friday heater deals, Black Friday Toy Deals, and Best Apple Deals for Black Friday.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Top heater bargains for Black Friday 2024

We all love summer, so the thought of cold weather can make you a little depressed. Or maybe you enjoy the coziness of winter. Either way, the biggest sale of the year is just around the corner, giving you a chance to offset rising energy costs. This year, Black Friday might be the perfect time to grab a great deal on a heater.

When the house gets cold, you will inevitably need to turn on the central heating. If you have a small house or apartment, or only one room, especially When it’s cold, a space heater can be a cheaper way to deal with a home that can’t stay warm, and if you’re thinking about buying one, you might be happy to know that there are loads of heaters on sale this Black Friday.

Below, we’ve rounded up all the best deals on space heaters, portable radiators, and everything in between at discounted prices. Keep reading to discover our top picks.

When is Black Friday 2024?

In the United States, Black Friday occurs annually on the Friday after Thanksgiving. This year, Black Friday falls on November 29th and Cyber ​​Monday falls on December 2nd. Black Friday sales often start weeks or even months before Cyber ​​Weekend, so make sure you don’t miss out on your favorite deals.

How to get the best Black Friday deals 2024

Most sales this time of year are genuine discounts, but some may be overstated, especially if the product hasn’t been sold at full MSRP for a while. Here’s how to make sure you get a good deal:

  • Before the Black Friday sales begin, research the products you’re interested in and their prices.
  • Check customer reviews when there is a sale, some items may be discounted for some reason.
  • Use online tools such as Camel Camel Camel View product price history
  • Compare prices for the same product at multiple retailers
  • Avoid impulse buying
  • Bookmark this page to stay up to date on Black Friday deals.

Where to find Black Friday heater deals

UK Heater Sales

US Heater Sales

The best Black Friday heater deals we found in 2023

VYBRA VS001W Smart 3-in-1 Air Purifier, Fan, Heater

buy now from Currys (was £199.99, now £129)

This cooling fan also has 9 different wind speed options, a quiet motor, and a quiet airflow. It can be controlled with Amazon Alexa or the included remote, but the best thing about this fan is that it’s more than just a fan. It also doubles as a heater and purifies the air with UV rays to kill bacteria, viruses, and germs.

BELDRAY EH3109W Portable Smart Panel Heater – White

buy now from Currys (was £219, now £189)

This Beldray model comes with plenty of smart features to make life easier. Not only can you adjust your heating from anywhere in the home using your smartphone, but it will automatically switch off if a window is open, helping to save energy. You can also use the timer function to schedule heating levels up to seven days ahead. It’s currently on sale for well under the usual RRP of £219.

RUSSELL HOBBS RHFH1008 Portable Hot & Cool Convector Heater – White

buy now from Currys (was £44.99, now £39.99)

This hot and cold convector has two heat settings and a variable thermostat so you can easily regulate the temperature around you. With 2KW of power, it’s the perfect size for a bedroom or living room, and it’s on sale now at several retailers as part of their Black Friday promotions.

VYBRA NeatHeat VSCH01 Portable Ceramic Fan Heater – White

buy now from Currys (was £69.99, now £49.99)

This heater has three power levels up to 2000W, and the oscillation feature ensures that heat reaches every corner of the room.

AM09 Hot + Cool Fan Heater

buy now From eBay (was £399 Currently £299)

This Dyson fan heater is specially designed to heat a room quickly and evenly in cold weather. It’s one of the cheaper Dyson heaters but it’s packed with hi-tech features, including intelligent temperature control, a built-in sleep timer and auto-off, and it’s currently on sale at several retailers for around £100 less than the usual RRP of £399.

Best electric blanket deals

Want to save money on your energy bills this winter? Why not consider investing in an electric blanket?

Lakeland Faux Fur Heat Throw

buy now from Lakeland (was £119.99, now £71.99)

Get extra cozy with this luxurious Lakeland faux fur heated throw.

Nine temperature settings keep you comfortable, while nine time settings and an auto-off function let you relax in peace. Plus, it’s machine washable at 30°C for easy care and long-lasting freshness.

Silent Night Yours and Mine Dual Control Electronic Blanket

buy now from Silent Night (was £40, now £38)

A cost-saving alternative to a heater, this cozy fleece electric blanket has two controls, each with three temperature settings.

With ultra-fast heating and overheating safety protection, you can rest assured that you will enjoy uninterrupted comfort.

Looking for more great Black Friday deals? We’ve rounded up a great deals page for you. Best Sonos deals for Black Friday, Black Friday Toy Deals, Best Black Friday tech deals,and Best Apple Deals for Black Friday.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Top Apple Discounts on Black Friday 2024

Purchasing a new product from Apple can be costly: whether it’s the latest iPhone, MacBook, or a relatively inexpensive iPad tablet, the well-known tech brand is not typically associated with discounts.

However, one of the rare occasions when Apple reduces its prices is during Black Friday. This massive annual sale often includes Black Friday Apple sales, allowing customers to save some money on both old and new products.

We search the internet for the top deals on Apple devices and accessories and compile them all in one place.

When is Black Friday 2024?

This year, Black Friday falls on November 29th and Cyber Monday on December 2nd. Many deals are revealed before Cyber Weekend, but some shoppers choose to wait for the deepest discounts. However, waiting too long poses a risk of the desired products selling out. It’s crucial to strike the right balance.

How to save money on Black Friday shopping in 2024

With numerous promotions available, it can be overwhelming to know where to begin. We recommend preparing a few things in advance. Are you eyeing a specific brand or model? Note down the price before the sale kicks off to ensure you snag a genuine bargain.

Bookmark this page – we will monitor all sale activities throughout the month to bring you the best deals.

Consider subscribing to retailer newsletters to be among the first to learn about discounts. Camel Camel Camel or Keeper are also valuable tools for Black Friday shopping on Amazon, helping you track price changes and ensure you secure the best deal.

Where can you find Apple deals this Black Friday?

Apple Sales in the UK

US Apple Sales

The best Black Friday Apple deals we found in 2023

Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch, M3 Pro processor, 18GB RAM, 512GB SSD (2023) – Space Black

The 2023 MacBook Pro is powered by Apple’s M3 Pro processor, delivering exceptional performance for work and play. Enhanced graphics support demanding apps and games, while the Liquid Retina XDR display with 120Hz ProMotion offers incredibly smooth visuals. With ample ports and impressive battery life, Apple has redefined the MacBook Pro, setting a new standard.

Buy now from Very (was £1,699, now £1,579)

Apple iPad 10.2-inch 64GB WiFi 2021 – Space Gray

If you’re considering investing in a tablet, this iPad is an excellent choice. Featuring a 10.2-inch Retina display, powerful A13 Bionic chip, and ultra-wide front-facing camera, this iPad is compatible with Apple Pencil and Smart Keyboard. It is currently discounted by over £50 in Black Friday sales across several retailers.

Buy now from Argos (£299), Currys (£299), Very (£299), or AO (£319)

Apple iPad 10.2″ 256GB WiFi 2021 – Silver

Another budget-friendly tablet option is the Apple iPad 10.2-inch 256GB version. Equipped with a 10.2-inch Retina display and additional True Tone technology, this model features the A13 Bionic chip, Neural Engine, and Touch ID for enhanced security. With a discount of approximately £50, depending on the retailer, this model is currently on sale in Black Friday deals.

Buy now from Argos (£299), Currys (£299), Very (£299), or AO (was £549, now £499)

Apple iPad Pro 11-inch, M2 Processor, iOS, Wi-Fi, 256GB (2022) – Space Gray

The 2022 11-inch iPad Pro has been significantly enhanced, now featuring Apple’s M2 processor. Delivering exceptional performance, this iPad boasts a remarkable and advanced display. With features like the Liquid Retina display, wide viewing angle front camera, and impressive rear camera, this iPad Pro offers a professional-level experience for tasks ranging from photography to entertainment and gaming.

Buy now from Very (was £899, now £838)

iPhone 14 Plus, 128GB – Midnight

The iPhone 14 Plus features 128GB of storage, an advanced camera system, and all-day battery life. Currently on sale at various retailers with discounts, some also offer additional perks like three months of Apple TV+ for free with the purchase of the device.

Buy now from Very (previously £864, now £749), Argos (£749), Currys (£749), Mobiles.co.uk (£749)

iPhone 14 Plus, 256Gb – Starlight

Another model of the iPhone 14 Plus available on sale is the 256GB variant. Offering all-day battery life, collision detection safety technology, and an advanced camera system, this model is discounted at various retailers.

Buy now from Mobiles.co.uk (£749), Currys (£749), Very (previously £974, now £849)

iPhone 14, 128Gb – Purple

Another iPhone in Black Friday sales, this iPhone 14 comes with 128GB of storage and is currently discounted to around £649 from the usual £764 at retailers including Very and Amazon.

Buy now from Ebay (£627.43), Mobiles.co.uk (£649), Currys (£649), Very (previously £764, now £649)

Apple AirPods Pro 2nd Generation

Select AirPod models are currently on sale at discounted prices, with Apple AirPods Pro (2nd generation) available at unique new prices from multiple retailers. Designed for an enhanced audio experience, the AirPods Pro offer up to 2x more noise cancellation than the previous generation, making them ideal for commuters and those working in shared spaces.

Buy now from OnBuy (£194.96), Amazon (£189.05), Currys (£199.00)

Watch Series 8 GPS + Cellular, 45mm, Regular – Red

Your Apple Watch Series 8, a reliable health companion, has now been enhanced with more power. In addition to advanced health features, it comes with temperature sensors for deeper insights and collision detection for emergency aid*. Featuring sleep stage monitoring and an upgraded Workout app for improved health, it automatically identifies workouts and tracks blood oxygen, heart rate, sleep, and more for optimal health.

*Emergency SOS requires Wi-Fi calling with cellular or internet connection from your Apple Watch or nearby iPhone.

Buy now from Amazon (was £379, now £369)

Looking for more great Black Friday deals? We’ve compiled a fantastic deals page for you. Best Sonos deals for Black Friday, Black Friday Toy Deals, Best Black Friday heater deals, and Best Apple Deals for Black Friday.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Top tech discounts for Black Friday 2024

If you’re looking to upgrade your home with some new tech gadgets, Black Friday is the perfect opportunity to do so. With a wide range of deals available, you’re bound to find some great discounts on everything from phones and laptops to electric scooters and smart home devices.

Keep an eye out for sales starting as early as November, with Black Friday falling on November 29th and Cyber Monday on December 2nd this year. Sales can start much earlier, so be sure to stay informed and bookmark this page for updates on the best tech deals.

When is Black Friday 2024?

This year, Black Friday falls on November 29th and Cyber Monday on December 2nd. Sales can start much earlier in November, so be sure to keep an eye out for deals throughout the month.

How to save money on Black Friday shopping in 2024

With so many promotions available, it can be overwhelming to know where to start. Before the sale begins, make note of the prices of items you’re interested in to ensure you’re getting a true bargain. Bookmark this page to stay updated on the best deals throughout the month.

Signing up for retailer newsletters and using tools like Camel Camel Camel or Keeper for Amazon shopping can also give you an edge in securing the best deals.

Jump to:

Where to find Black Friday tech deals in the UK

  • Amazon – Offers end at midnight on November 27th
  • ao – Save on games consoles, white goods, and more
  • Sonos – Upgrade your home sound system
  • Emma – Up to 65% off on mattresses
  • Very – Great deals for gamers
  • Currys – Up to 40% off mobile phones, TVs, and more
  • Robert Dyas – Discounts on vacuum cleaners, air fryers, and more
  • Carphone Warehouse – Savings on monthly plans
  • Argos – Deals on Lego, gadgets, and more
  • Jessop’s – Save on cameras

Where to find Black Friday tech deals in the US

  • LG – Discounts on laptops, monitors, and more
  • Amazon – Tech deals for every room in your home
  • Breville – Deals for foodies
  • Samsung – Savings on smart TVs
  • Walmart – Discounts on audio and home appliances

Looking for speakers? Check out our top Sonos deals for Black Friday.

The best Black Friday tech deals in the UK for 2023

Samsung Galaxy A34 5G 128GB – £339 £269 (20% discount)

The Samsung Galaxy A34 5G (Awesome Silver) with 128GB storage and a 6.6-inch Super AMOLED display is a powerful and stylish device perfect for capturing every moment with its 48MP triple camera.

This Android 13 smartphone offers 5G connectivity for fast speeds and an immersive experience, making it a great choice for tech enthusiasts.

buy now from Amazon (£244.00), AO (£269.00)

Amazon Fire Max 11 Tablet – £249.99 £134.99 (46% discount)

The Amazon Fire Max 11 Tablet boasts an 11-inch screen with 2.4 million pixels for incredible detail in movies and games, along with a powerful octa-core processor and 4GB of memory for responsive performance. It also features Alexa for smart home control and up to 14 hours of battery life.

buy now from Amazon (£134.99), Very (£134.99)

Ring Video Doorbell – £99.99 £49.99 (50% discount)

If you’re looking to enhance your home security, the Ring Video Doorbell is a great choice, allowing you to see and speak to visitors at your door. With a 50% discount, it’s a must-have smart home device for added convenience and security.

buy now from Amazon (£49.99), Ebay (£63.49)

T-fal Easyfry Classic 2in1 Air Fryer – £99.99 £49.00 (51% discount)

Nordace Siena Smart Backpack – £139.00 £88.99 (36% discount)

The Nordace Siena Smart Backpack is a practical accessory with waterproof fabric, luggage straps, and a USB charging port, making it ideal for commuting and traveling. With a 36% discount, it’s a stylish and functional backpack for various occasions.

buy now from Nordace (£88.99), Amazon (£91.99)

Amazon Fire TV 43″ 4 Series 4K UHD Smart TV – £429.99 £299.99 (30% discount)

Upgrade your entertainment experience with the 4K Ultra HD Amazon Fire TV, featuring built-in Alexa Voice Remote for easy access to your favorite content. With a 30% discount, it’s a great deal for enhancing your viewing experience.

buy now from Amazon (£299.99), Currys (£299.99)

Sony WH-1000XM4 Noise Cancelling Headphones – £249.00 £197.99 (20% discount)

Elevate your audio experience with the Sony WH-1000XM4 noise-canceling headphones, offering up to 30 hours of battery life and convenient features like Speak-to-Chat. With a 20% discount, it’s a great deal for music lovers and audiophiles.

buy now from Amazon (£197.99) , Currys (£199.00)

Explore more Black Friday deals, including the Sony WH-CH520 Wireless Bluetooth Headphones.

JLAB AUDIO Go Air Sport Wireless Bluetooth Earphones – £29.99 £24.00 (20% discount)

JLab Headphones

The JLAB AUDIO Go Air Sport Wireless Bluetooth Earphones offer powerful sound at an affordable price, making them a great choice for music enthusiasts. With a lightweight and comfortable design, they’re perfect for active users and are currently available at a 20% discount.

Read our full review of the JLAB AUDIO Go Air Sport Wireless Bluetooth Earphones.

buy now from Ebay (£14.95), Very (£24.00)

Metaquest 2 VR Headset – £299.99 £249.99 (16% discount)

Dive into virtual worlds with the Meta Quest 2 VR headset, offering high-resolution display, 3D positional audio, and hand tracking for a truly immersive experience. With a 16% discount, it’s a great investment for gaming and entertainment.

buy now from Amazon (£249.00)

BREVILLE Barista Max Coffee Machine – £449.00 £299.00 (34% discount)

Elevate your coffee experience with the Breville Barista Max Coffee Machine, featuring a grinder and temperature control for a coffee shop-like experience at home. With a 34% discount, it’s a fantastic deal for coffee enthusiasts and home baristas.

buy now from Amazon (£299.00), Currys (£299.00)

Samsung 50-inch Q80C 4K QLED HDR Smart TV (2023) – £799.00 £699 (12% discount)

www.sciencefocus.com

Black Ops 6: Omni Movement – Revolutionizing Gameplay

HHere’s a fact I’m not entirely proud of: I’ve played every Call of Duty game since the series launched in 2003. I’ve experienced the very good (Call of Duty 4) and the very not so good (Call of Duty: Roads to Victory). There have been times when I was put off by narrative decisions, the mindless bigotry pervasive in online multiplayer servers, and the series-wide “America is the best!” mentality, but I’ve always come back to the games.

In that time, I’ve seen a lot of attempts to tweak the core feel of the game, from perks to jetpacks (thanks, Advanced Warfare!), but after spending a weekend testing the multiplayer beta for Call of Duty: Black Ops 6, I think developer Treyarch may have stumbled upon their best thing yet: something called Omni-Movement.

In essence, this seemingly minor addition allows players to sprint and dive in any direction, not just forward, and also allows for a degree of aftertouch, so you can glide around corners and change direction in the air. Being able to run sideways and jump backwards over couches isn’t all that important in a fast-paced game anyway, but this seems to have really changed the game. The beta test only features three of the full version’s 16 online multiplayer maps and a small selection of online game modes, but it’s already ridiculously fun.

There are always people flying around during the game. AnywhereIn the Skyline map, players dive through windows, run across hallways, and leap off the balconies of a ridiculously luxurious modern penthouse. In the Rewind map, they slide on their backs across the polished floors of a video rental store, pounce on each other from various heights, and dodge gunfire and remote-controlled bomb cars at the last moment. At critical moments, it feels like a giant John Woo shootout, with equal parts balletic choreography and bloodshed.

But rather than feeling chaotic and unbalanced like jetpack-era titles Advanced Warfare and Infinite Warfare, it actually seems to bring more depth and variety to the moment-to-moment experience. The ability to slip under gunfire gives you a way out of encounters that were previously deadly, and it also lets you move very quickly to different cover positions, which is extremely useful in modes like Domination and Hardpoint, where you have to capture and defend specific areas. I like the longer durations between spawns, which allows you to think in more spatially interesting ways.

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Why did it take so long? A recent interview with gaming site VGCTreyarch associate design director Matt Scronce and production director Yale Miller said the game’s unusual four-year development cycle (CoD games are typically two-years max) allowed the team to experiment with fundamental elements and refine new features. Omni Movement was born out of that process; the team even read a white paper from the Air Force Academy about how fast a human could run backwards.

Otherwise, the game feels more solid than innovative. Skyline is the most fun map, with sleek multi-storey interiors and hidden ventilation ducts, while Squad is a standard Middle Eastern CoD map with sandy trenches, caves and a destroyed radar station. Rewind is a deserted shopping mall with store interiors, fast food joints, parking lots and extremely long sightlines along storefronts that could be called Sniper’s Avenue. The new game mode, Kill Order, is a familiar old-school FPS staple. One player on each team is designated as a high-value target, and the opponent must eliminate that target to score. This leads to very dense skirmishes and a ton of chases around the map, with HVTs trying to hide in little nooks and crannies. It’s like a Benny Hill sketch, but with high-end military weaponry.

It’s like a Benny Hill sketch, but with high-end military weaponry… Call of Duty: Black Ops 6. Photo: Activision

There are also some new weapons, such as the Ames 85, a fully automatic assault rifle similar to the M16, and the Crazy Jackal PDW, a small Scorpion-esque machine pistol like the ones Ernie used in 1980s action movies. The latter has an incredible rate of fire, but is also highly accurate at long range, making it a devastating force in beta matches. It will most likely be significantly nerfed before the game is released. Perhaps the most controversial addition is the body shield. This is a new ability that allows you to sneak up behind an enemy player and take them hostage by double tapping the melee attack button. The victim can then be used as a human shield for a few seconds, and Treyarch says you’ll be able to actually talk to the hostage via the headset’s microphone. This will inevitably lead to the most offensive homophobic trolling imaginable. It’s exactly what Call of Duty needs.

Black Ops 6 looks set to be a strong addition to the series, at least in terms of multiplayer. I’m not proud of the fact that I spent an entire weekend happily recreating my favorite scenes from Hard Boiled, darting sideways through modern interiors and firing shiny fetish rifles at strangers. But I’ve been doing this for 20 years, and for some reason, I have no plans to stop just yet.

Call of Duty: Black Ops 6 will be available on October 25th for PC, PS4/5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Controversy Surrounds Hit Game ‘Black Myth: Wukong’ Over Comments on ‘Feminist Propaganda’

Controversy surrounds the popular new Chinese game, Black Myth: Wukong, as gaming influencers were instructed not to address news, politics, the coronavirus, or “feminist propaganda” when discussing the game publicly.

Released last week, the game is China’s first “triple-A” rated game, based on the renowned 16th-century Chinese novel “Journey to the West.”

Developers reported selling more than 10 million copies globally in three days.Game Science.

However, controversy arose over guidelines given to influencers and content creators, instructing them on specific topics to avoid while live streaming the game.

Don’t insult others or use offensive language.
Avoid politics, violence, nudity, feminist propaganda, and other negative content.
Stay away from trigger words like “quarantine,” “isolation,” or “Covid-19.”
Refrain from discussing China’s gaming industry policies and news.

The avoidance of “feminist propaganda” raised eyebrows, especially with reports of alleged sexist behavior by Game Science employees.

Game Science and co-publisher Hero Games, reported issuers of the guidelines, have been contacted for comment.

Online fans have engaged in heated discussions regarding the guidelines, linking them to prior reports of sexism within the gaming industry.

The directive, not extended to traditional publications or peer reviewers, is legally unenforceable and has sparked mockery and backlash in the gaming community.

The game’s global success has been notable, with over three million concurrent players in its first week, including two million on Steam.

Chinese authorities and media have praised the game for promoting Chinese culture and countering prejudice.

Recent reports refute Western media’s criticisms, accusing them of politicizing China’s gaming achievements to attack the country.

Source: www.theguardian.com

In Search of Mavis Beacon: Uncovering the Enigmatic Black Tech Hero | Documentary Film

BBefore the era of thumb-typing emails and text messages, typing was a manual skill reserved for those who could type 40 words per minute in the ’80s. If you’re reluctant to attend an in-person class, you can opt for a software program like Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing for $50. This application was the Typing class at the Catholic high school I attended when the priests just introduced the use of computers.

Mavis Beacon, launched in 1987, gamified typing exercises and carefully tracked typing progress. The software featured an elegant black woman on the cover, but it would take years to realize the implications of using one’s image for corporate gain.

The documentary “Searching for Mavis Beacon” sheds light on this lesson and the filmmakers’ struggle with the irony of their pursuit. The filmmakers embarked on a quest to uncover the woman behind Mavis Beacon: Haitian-born model Renée L’Esperance.

The film delves into Beacon’s influence as a pioneer of “obedient female robot assistants” and the challenges faced in exposing her true identity. The narrative unfolds like a detective story, drawing parallels to contemporary online identity politics and queer culture.

The filmmakers uncover L’Esperance’s background working in a department store perfume department where she was paid to pose as Mavis Beacon. Despite legal battles with the software company, her impact remains profound.

The documentary explores themes of privacy, representation, and cultural appropriation while honoring L’Esperance’s legacy. It concludes with a hint at future projects to explore the lives of those who followed in Beacon’s footsteps.

Ultimately, the film serves as a heartfelt tribute to Mavis Beacon’s legacy and the complexities of her story. It aims to provoke thought and reflection on the intersection of race, gender, and technology in society.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Breakthrough: EHT Captures Highest-Resolution Image of Black Hole Ever Detected from Earth

Astrophysicists from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration have conducted test observations that achieve the highest resolution ever obtained from Earth’s surface by detecting light emanating from the center of a distant galaxy at a frequency of about 345 GHz. When combined with existing images of the supermassive black hole at the center of Messier 87 and the Milky Way galaxy at a lower frequency of 230 GHz, these new results not only produce a 50% sharper picture of the black hole, but also a multi-color image of the region just outside the boundaries of these cosmic monsters.



This artist’s impression shows the locations of radio observatories on Earth that took part in the EHT Collaboration’s pilot experiment to produce the highest-resolution observations from the ground. Image courtesy of ESO/M. Kornmesser.

In 2019, the EHT Collaboration released images of M87*, the supermassive black hole at the center of Messier 87, and in 2022, they released images of Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy.

These images were obtained by linking multiple radio observatories around Earth, using a technique called Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), to form a single “Earth-sized” virtual telescope.

To get higher resolution images, astronomers typically resort to larger telescopes, or greater distances between observatories acting as part of an interferometer.

But because the EHT was already the same size as Earth, a different approach was needed to increase the resolution of ground-based observations.

Another way to increase a telescope’s resolution is to observe shorter wavelengths of light, and that’s exactly what the EHT Collaboration is currently doing.

“The EHT has seen the first image of a black hole at 1.3 millimeter wavelengths, but the bright ring created by the black hole’s gravity bending light still appears blurry because we’ve reached the absolute limit of how sharp an image we can make,” said Dr Alexander Raymond, an astronomer at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

“At 0.87mm, the images will be clearer and more detailed, which may reveal new properties, some previously predicted, but also some perhaps not.”

To demonstrate detection at 0.87 mm, EHT researchers carried out test observations of distant, bright galaxies at this wavelength.

Rather than using the entire EHT array, they used two smaller subarrays, including ALMA and the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX).

Other facilities that will be used include the IRAM Thirty Meter Telescope in Spain, the Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) in France, and the Greenland Telescope and Submillimeter Array in Hawaii.

In this pilot experiment, scientists achieved measurements down to 19 microarcseconds, the highest resolution ever achieved from the Earth’s surface.

But it hasn’t yet been able to capture an image: Though it has robustly detected light from some distant galaxies, it hasn’t used enough antennas to be able to accurately reconstruct an image from the data.

This technical test opens up new avenues for studying black holes.

With the full array, the EHT can see details as small as 13 microarcseconds, the equivalent of seeing a bottle cap on the Moon from Earth.

This means that at 0.87mm we can obtain images with approximately 50% higher resolution than the previously published M87* and Sagittarius A* 1.3mm images.

What’s more, it may be possible to observe a black hole that is more distant, smaller and fainter than the two black holes imaged so far.

“Observing changes in the surrounding gas at different wavelengths will help us solve the mysteries of how black holes attract and accrete matter, and how they can launch powerful jets that travel across the Milky Way galaxy,” said Dr Shepard Doleman, EHT founding director and astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

This is the first time that VLBI technology has been used successfully at a wavelength of 0.87 mm.

“The detection of a VLBI signal at 0.87 mm is groundbreaking as it opens a new observational window into the study of supermassive black holes,” said Dr Thomas Krichbaum, astrophysicist at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy.

“In the future, the Spanish and French IRAM telescopes in combination with ALMA and APEX will allow us to image smaller and fainter radiation simultaneously at two wavelengths, 1.3 mm and 0.87 mm, which was previously possible.”

Team paper Published in Astronomical Journal.

_____

Alexander W. Raymond others2024. First Very Long Baseline Interferometry Detection at 870 μm. AJ 168, 130;doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad5bdb

This article is a version of a press release provided by ESO.

Source: www.sci.news

Review of Black Myth: Wukong – An Exciting and Thrilling Action Game | Games

B
Missing Myth: Wukong is a video game that focuses on spectacle, but true awe requires confidence. This confidence is often lacking in big-budget games where developers play it safe, concerned about mainstream appeal. Despite its cutting-edge graphics, Black Myth: Wukong stands out as a potential hit, but surprisingly, it’s developed by the Chinese indie studio Game Science. The game’s polished experience is so impressive that it’s hard to believe it’s the studio’s first “premium” game.

Based on the classic 16th-century novel, Journey to the West, Black Myth: Wukong allows players to step into the shoes of the novel’s main character, the stone monkey, Son Goku. Son Goku possesses incredible strength, speed, and the ability to transform into various creatures and objects, manipulate the weather, and even create clones of himself. The game introduces these abilities through an exhilarating tutorial where Wukong faces off against gods and armies, providing a constant adrenaline rush throughout its 40-hour playtime.

Black Myth: Wukong draws inspiration from modern action games, particularly the challenging “Soul-like” genre known for epic boss fights. The game’s combat mechanics feel heavy and swift, with attention to detail like the use of soaking gourds to enhance abilities, immersing players in an authentic world.

Unlike many action games, Wukong isn’t open-world, devoid of mini-maps and quest logs. The lack of handholding encourages exploration and trust in the game’s process, leading players through dangerous terrains and breath-taking landscapes without distractions.





Capturing the allure of exploration…Black Myth: Wukong.

Photo: GameScience

In addition to exploration, Wukong caters to curiosity with hidden areas that only become visible once players acquire specific items or interact with certain characters. These optional sections, called “Attachment,” play into Buddhist themes of attachment leading to suffering, adding depth to the game’s narrative and gameplay.

Black Myth: Wukong’s success is a testament to its captivating gameplay and storytelling. Despite initial surprise at its origin from a country known for mobile games, the game’s accessibility to Chinese audiences has contributed to its massive popularity. It’s a game that transcends market expectations and delivers an exceptional gaming experience.

Black Myth: Wukong is out now, priced at £54.99.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Black holes that have the potential to outlast the universe

Black holes have the ability to die, but this process happens very slowly and in a rather normal manner.

Despite appearing empty, space is not entirely devoid of mass or energy. Within this space, there exist “quantum fields” that give definition to mass and energy. These fields do not necessarily have zero energy, allowing for the creation of pairs of “virtual particles” (typically particle and antiparticle pairs) that quickly eliminate each other.


Another common explanation is that near a black hole, one of these particles may vanish inside the black hole while the other escapes as “Hawking radiation.”

In order to maintain the total energy of a black hole, incoming particles must possess “negative energy” (hence “negative mass”) while escaping particles must have positive energy.

Hawking radiation is a result of gravity’s impact on space-time. Quantum fields within empty space adhere to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, limiting our understanding of the energy of a quantum field or the duration for which we can attribute a specific energy to it.

Since gravitational fields influence the curvature of space-time and the flow of time in a given area, regions of space-time with varying gravitational curvatures struggle to agree on the energy of the quantum field.

The variance in vacuum energy within different points of a black hole’s gravitational field creates what are known as “virtual particles.”

As positive energy escapes from a black hole, the mass and energy of the black hole gradually diminish, causing a black hole that is not actively attracting new material to gradually shrink and ultimately vanish.

However, this process occurs over massive time scales. For instance, a black hole with the mass of the sun would take 1064 years to evaporate, far surpassing the age of the universe at 10 years old.

This article endeavors to answer Catrin Phelps of Winchester’s question, “Can black holes ever die?”

If you have any further inquiries, please direct them to the email address provided below. For additional information: or get in touch with us via Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram (please include your name and location).

For more fascinating science, check out this page.


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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

The enigmatic black hole “parsec problem” could potentially be resolved

Just like a runner hitting the wall at the end of a race, supermassive black holes face a similar challenge as they approach each other, coming to a virtual standstill in the final parsec.

Recent research indicates that dark matter could be the key to overcoming this last obstacle.

This is because researchers have identified a crucial behavior of dark matter that has been previously overlooked – its ability to interact with itself.

“The assumption of dark matter particles interacting is an additional component not present in all dark matter models,” explained the co-authors of the study. Dr. Gonzalo Alonso Alvarez. “Our argument is that only a model with these features can address the final parsec problem.”

What is the final parsec problem?

The final parsec problem refers to the challenge that slows down the black holes before they merge.

This discovery follows a previous study that detected gravitational waves resulting from the merging of supermassive black holes, each a billion times the mass of the sun.


In the new study published in Physics Review Letter, researchers found that the black holes came to a halt at just one parsec away from each other.

The question remains: if black holes cannot merge, how are gravitational waves produced?

The answer may lie in a better understanding of dark matter behavior, which may facilitate the merger of supermassive black holes over the final parsec.

When two galaxies collide, their supermassive black holes begin to orbit each other. Gravity slows them down, bringing them close to merging before their orbits shrink too much to support the final collapse. Interaction with a halo of dark matter then absorbs the remaining orbital energy, allowing the black holes to eventually merge.

This new model is supported by the Pulsar Timing Array, which detects gravitational waves originating from supermassive black hole mergers predicted by Alonso Alvarez and his team.

“Our study offers a new perspective on understanding the nature of dark matter particles,” said Alonso-Alvarez. “Observations of supermassive black hole mergers can provide insights into these particles.”

Read more:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Black Myth: Wukong – The Most Anticipated and Talked-About Video Game of the Summer | Games

circle
When Chinese developer Game Science announced its first console game, Black Myth: Wukong, last year, it immediately created a stir. Inspired by the great 16th-century Chinese novel Journey to the West, the action-packed film sees the titular mythical monkey Sun Wukong battling demons from Buddhist folklore and sword-wielding anthropomorphic foxes in beautifully rendered forests. Smartphone games are extraordinarily popular in China but console game developers remain scarce, so anticipation for Wukong was at an all-time high in Game Science’s home country. Within 24 hours, the trailer had garnered two million views on YouTube and more than 10 million on Chinese video-sharing site Bilibili, surprising and delighting its creators. One excited fan said:
Breaking into the developer’s office
eager for more information about the game.

After playing Wukong for an hour and a half in a London hotel suite, with a few Game Science folks nervously watching, I was convinced that, by some miracle, this masterful Dark Souls-infused take on Chinese mythology lived up to the promise of its splashy trailer, blending fluid combat with reflex-testing difficulty and the expensive cinematic sheen of God of War. Sprinting through Wukong’s jungles, ducking and dodging between hordes of terrifying flora and fauna, you’ll face everything from gi-clad toads to nightmarish giant-headed infants. Unlike many of its brutally difficult FromSoftware-esque brethren, Wukong’s difficulty feels judged by experts. My ape-man avatar met a gruesome end more times than I’d like to admit, but I persisted. Eventually I defeated enough foes to unlock new abilities. Soon I was perched on a staff mid-attack, gaining the upper hand against the savage monsters of myth. I can flit through the forest like a stealthy cicada, summon flames with my sword, and eventually take down a werewolf the size of a truck roaring atop a crumbling temple.

“We feel a lot of pressure,” recalls one of Game Science’s co-founders, Ted (who Game Science declined to reveal his full name), through an interpreter. “This is our first time working on PC and console games, and we’re a new studio, so we’re really grateful for the players’ and the market’s openness towards us. Their enthusiasm encourages us. But the Chinese mindset tends to be risk-oriented, so when faced with such great encouragement, the best we can do is to do our best to meet players’ expectations… and communicate with them in a very sincere way.”

Unfortunately, when I talk about this, I rarely get any honest communication.
Report from IGN
The email was about alleged sexist comments made by multiple developers and people in leadership positions at Game Science. I offered Ted the opportunity to speak about the alleged misogynistic posts and whether or not he thought they were representative of Game Science’s values. However, I received a hasty “no comment” from the UK PR representative, followed after a long wait by a longer statement, also “no comment”, relayed through Ted’s translator. I was then told that Game Science’s US PR agency would follow up with a prepared statement later, which read, “Game Science is focused on demos at this time and will only answer questions about gameplay.”

The same thing happened to an IGN reporter.
Demo in LA
It’s disappointing that Game Science chose to invite journalists to talk and play the game last month, but refuses to answer questions. Perhaps there’s nothing reassuring to say. A generous interpretation of the situation would be that the inexperienced studio is afraid to say the wrong thing. But by staying silent, Game Science is also failing to distance itself (and the game) from a number of crude, derogatory and misogynistic comments directed at its employees and management.

Journey to the West is, of course, no stranger to the world of video games; from Ninja Theory’s 2010 Xbox 360 adaptation Enslaved: Odyssey to the West, written by Alex Garland and starring Andy Serkis, to the late Akira Toriyama’s world-conquering Dragon Ball, its mythology and ape world are ripe for gaming. Black Myth: Wukong’s stunning visuals, cinematic beauty and exhilarating sense of speed make it the best playable adaptation of the fable to date, but the uninhibited excitement I would otherwise feel is trampled by the elephant in the room.

Black Myth: Wukong will be released on August 20 for PC, PlayStation 5, and Xbox Series X.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Intermediate-sized black hole found in the heart of the Milky Way Galaxy

Using data from the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (VLT) and other telescopes, astronomers have found evidence of an intermediate-mass black hole. IRS 13a dusty group of stars within the nuclear cluster of our Milky Way galaxy.

Intermediate-mass black holes can form in dense star clusters, either through the merger of stellar-mass black holes or the collapse of very massive stars. Image credit: Sci.News/Zdeněk Bardon/ESO.

Black holes are found in a wide range of masses, from stellar-mass objects with masses of 10 to 100 times that of the Sun, to objects at the centers of galaxies with masses over 100,000 times that of the Sun.

However, there are only a few intermediate-mass black hole candidates between 100 and 100,000 times the mass of the Sun.

“The IRS 13 cluster is located 0.1 light-years away from the centre of our galaxy,” said Dr Florian Peisker from the University of Cologne and his colleagues.

“I noticed that the stars in IRS 13 were moving in an unexpectedly orderly pattern.”

“They actually expected the stars to be randomly positioned.”

“Two conclusions can be drawn from this regular pattern,” they added.

“Meanwhile, IRS 13 appears to be interacting with Sagittarius A*, a black hole at the centre of the Milky Way that is four million times more massive than the Sun, which leads to the orderly motion of stars.”

“However, something else needs to be present inside the cluster to maintain the observed compact shape.”

Using data from the VLT, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), and NASA's Chandra X-ray Telescope, astronomers have found strong evidence that IRS 13 has a disk-like structure.

“Multi-wavelength observations suggest that the reason for IRS 13's compact shape could be an intermediate-mass black hole located at the center of the cluster,” the researchers said.

“We were able to observe characteristic x-rays and ionized gas rotating at hundreds of kilometers per second in the disk surrounding the suspected intermediate-mass black hole.”

“Another indication of the presence of an intermediate-mass black hole is the unusually high density of this cluster, which is higher than the density of any other cluster in our Milky Way galaxy.”

“IRS 13 appears to be an essential component in the growth of the central black hole, Sagittarius A*,” Dr Peisker said.

“This fascinating star cluster has continued to astonish the scientific community since its discovery almost 20 years ago. It was initially thought to be an unusually massive group of stars, but high-resolution data have now allowed us to confirm its component parts, with an intermediate-mass black hole at its center.”

of result Appears in Astrophysical Journal.

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Florian Peisker others2024. The evaporating massive embedded stellar cluster IRS 13 close to Sgr A*. II. Kinematic structure. ApJ 970, 74; doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad4098

Source: www.sci.news

What lies on the other side of a black hole? (Speculation included)

One of the most astonishing scientific discoveries of the past decade is the abundance of black holes in the universe.

These black holes come in a range of sizes, from slightly larger than the Sun to billions of times more massive. They are detected through various methods, such as radio emissions from material falling into them, their impact on orbiting stars, gravitational waves from black hole mergers, and the unique distortions of light they create, like the “Einstein rings” seen in images of Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way.

Our universe is not flat but filled with holes like a sieve. The physical characteristics of black holes are accurately described by Einstein’s theory of general relativity.

Although Einstein’s theory aligns well with our current knowledge of black holes, it fails to address two crucial questions. First, what happens to matter once it crosses the event horizon of a black hole? Second, how does a black hole eventually disappear? Theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking proposed that, over time, black holes shrink through a process called Hawking radiation, emitting high-temperature radiation until they become very small.

These unanswered questions are related to quantum aspects of space-time, specifically quantum gravity, for which we lack a comprehensive theory.

An attempt at an answer

Despite these challenges, there are evolving tentative theories that offer some insights into these mysteries. While these theories require further experimental support, they provide possible explanations for the fate of black holes.

One prominent theory in this realm is loop quantum gravity (LQG), a promising approach to understanding quantum space-time developed since the late 1980s. LQG proposes a novel scenario where black holes transition into white holes, where the interior evolves under quantum effects, causing a reversal of its collapse.

White holes, the hypothetical opposites of black holes, may hold the key to understanding the fate of evaporating black holes. These structures could potentially explain the enigmatic nature of dark matter, offering a compelling link between well-established principles of general relativity and quantum mechanics.

Same idea but in reverse

While the direct detection of white holes remains challenging due to their weak gravitational interactions, technological advancements may enable future observations. If dark matter indeed comprises remnants of evaporating black holes in the form of white holes, this hypothesis could shed light on the elusive nature of dark matter.

By reevaluating long-held assumptions about black holes and incorporating quantum gravity phenomena, we may uncover a more nuanced understanding of these cosmic phenomena. The evolving field of quantum gravity offers a fresh perspective on the dynamics of black holes and the potential existence of white holes as remnants of their evaporation.

Next steps

Exploring the implications of white holes and their possible role in dark matter formation requires further research and technological advancements. As we continue to refine our understanding of black holes and quantum gravity, we may unlock new insights into the fundamental nature of our universe.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Astronomers find intermediate-mass black hole in largest globular cluster in Milky Way

Using more than 500 images from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have found evidence of a 20,000-solar-mass black hole at the center of Earth. Omega CentauriIt is a globular cluster located in the constellation Centaurus, 5,430 parsecs (17,710 light years) from the Sun.

Omega Centauri is about 10 times more massive than other large globular clusters. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / Maximilian Häberle, MPIA.

Astronomers know that stellar-mass black holes (black holes with masses between 10 and 100 times that of the Sun) are the remnants of dying stars, and that supermassive black holes, with masses more than a million times that of the Sun, exist at the center of most galaxies.

But the universe is littered with what appear to be more mysterious types of black holes.

These intermediate-mass black holes, with masses between 100 and 10,000 times that of the Sun, are so difficult to measure that their very existence is sometimes debated.

Only a few intermediate-mass black hole candidates have been discovered so far.

Determining the black hole population is an important step towards understanding the formation of supermassive black holes in the early universe.

“Omega Centauri is a special example among globular clusters in the Milky Way,” said astronomer Maximilian Höberle of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy and his colleagues.

“Omega Centauri is widely accepted to be the stripped core of an accreted dwarf galaxy due to its high mass, complex stellar population and kinematics.”

“These factors, combined with its proximity, make the planet a prime target in the search for intermediate-mass black holes.”

Omega Centauri is made up of about 10 million stars, making it about 10 times more massive than any other large globular cluster.

In the study, the authors measured the velocities of 1.4 million stars from images of the cluster taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.

Although most of these observations were intended for calibration of Hubble's instruments rather than for scientific use, they proved to be an ideal database for the team's research activities.

“We looked for fast-moving stars that are expected to be near concentrated masses such as black holes,” said astronomer Holger Baumgart of the University of Queensland.

“Identifying these stars was the smoking gun we needed to prove the existence of black holes, and we've done just that.”

“We found seven stars that shouldn't be there,” Dr Hebel said.

“They're moving so fast that they're likely to escape the herd and never come back.”

“The most likely explanation is that a very massive object is gravitationally tugging on these stars, keeping them near the center.”

“The only objects this massive are black holes, which have a mass at least 8,200 times that of the Sun.”

“This discovery is the most direct evidence to date for the presence of an intermediate-mass black hole at Omega Centauri,” said Dr Nadine Neumayer, an astronomer at the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy.

“This is extremely exciting because very few other black holes with similar masses are known.”

“The black hole at Omega Centauri may be the best example of an intermediate-mass black hole in our cosmic neighborhood.”

Team paper Published in the journal Nature.

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M. Heberle others2024. Stars moving at high speed around the intermediate-mass black hole at Omega Centauri. Nature 631, 285-288; Source: 10.1038/s41586-024-07511-z

Source: www.sci.news

The behavior of small black holes within the Sun, Earth, and humans

Dead Planets Society is a podcast that explores wild ideas about manipulating the universe and tests them against the laws of physics, from splitting the moon to creating catastrophic events with gravitational waves. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Listen on Spotify or visit our podcast page.

In the early universe, there may have been tiny black holes as massive as mountains but smaller than atoms. If these primordial black holes exist, they could address major cosmological issues and offer endless opportunities for the Society of Dead Planets to explore.

In this episode, hosts Chelsea White and Leah Crane are joined by black hole experts like Alison Kirkpatrick. Researchers at the University of Kansas are investigating the effects of placing a primordial black hole inside different objects, such as the Sun, Earth, or even the human body, yielding surprising results.

A small black hole inside a star or planet would have minimal impact, either passing through or staying near the center depending on the object’s mass. However, a larger black hole the size of Earth but with the radius of a grape could drastically alter the fate of the Sun or consume a planet from within.

Despite the risks, a black hole of this size could potentially manipulate gravity to reshape the universe. For instance, a small black hole near the Moon’s surface could counteract its drift away from Earth.

Kirkpatrick explains that standing a few meters away from a small black hole is relatively safe, but closer proximity would result in gravitational forces tearing apart the nearest parts of the body. Introducing a black hole into the body, even through teleportation, is not advisable.

Kirkpatrick strongly advises against placing a primordial black hole inside the human body due to the immediate havoc it would wreak. The American Medical Association did not provide a response regarding the effects of black holes on humans.

topic:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Could space and time be an illusion of entanglement? Clues may be found in black holes

We tend to think of space-time as the underlying structure of the universe, but whether it’s truly fundamental, or whether it arises from something much deeper, is a question that keeps physicists up at night. “It’s not a philosophical question to debate over a beer,” physicists say. Marika Taylor “This is something that actually gets built into the calculations that people make,” say researchers from the University of Birmingham in the UK.

A great place to start is quantum mechanics, which describes the behavior of elementary particles. One of the core tenets of this notoriously counterintuitive theory is that connections between particles can transcend our usual concepts of space and time. This happens through a phenomenon called quantum entanglement, in which particles can affect each other’s properties even when they’re half a universe apart.

Cosmologists now generally accept that quantum entanglement is intimately connected to the emergence of space. If we know the degree of quantum entanglement between two quantum particles, we can derive the distance between them. When we do this for a network of many particles, a geometry begins to form from which we can call space emerge. In other words, space may emerge from quantum entanglement.

Entanglement and space-time

Furthermore, advances in string theory, a candidate theory of everything, suggest that what happens in the universe can be explained entirely by data held at the exterior, or boundary, of that space — a phenomenon known as holographic duality. Combine this with quantum entanglement and you can build a universe that boasts a spatial fabric of distance and geometry.

Spiridon Michalakismathematical…

Source: www.newscientist.com

Astronomers observe the reawakening of a supermassive black hole

In December 2019, a little-known galaxy called SDSS 1335+0728, located 300 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo, suddenly started glowing brighter than ever before. To understand why, astronomers used data from multiple space and ground-based observatories to track the changes in the galaxy's brightness. They concluded that they were witnessing the sudden awakening of the supermassive black hole at its center.

This artist's impression shows the black hole drawing in the surrounding gas, growing a disk of material that lights up the galaxy. Image credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser.

“Imagine observing a distant galaxy for years and it always seemed quiet and inactive,” said Dr Paula Sánchez Sáez, astronomer at ESO and the Millennium Astrophysics Institute.

“Suddenly, the brightness of its central core began to change dramatically, which is not a typical phenomenon we've seen before.”

This is what happened to SDSS 1335+0728, which has been classified as having an active galactic nucleus (AGN) after brightening dramatically in December 2019.

Galaxies can suddenly brighten due to events such as supernova explosions or tidal disruption, but these changes in brightness usually only last for a few tens or, at most, a few hundred days.

SDSS 1335+0728 continues to grow brighter, more than four years after it was first observed “lighting up.”

What's more, the changes detected in the galaxy are unlike anything seen before, suggesting alternative explanations to astronomers.

Dr Sáez and his colleagues sought to understand these brightness changes by combining archival data with new observations from several facilities, including the X-SHOOTER instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope.

Comparing data taken before and after December 2019, we found that SDSS 1335+0728 now emits much more light in ultraviolet, visible and infrared wavelengths, and the galaxy also began emitting X-rays in February 2024.

“This kind of action is unprecedented,” Dr. Saez said.

“The most concrete option to explain this phenomenon is that we are seeing the galactic core starting to show activity,” added Dr Lorena Hernández García, an astronomer at the Millennium Institute for Astrophysics and Valparaíso University.

“If this is the case, it would be the first time that we have observed the activation of a massive black hole in real time.”

“Supermassive black holes are normally dormant and cannot be seen directly,” said Dr Claudio Ricci, an astronomer at the Diego Portales University and the Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics at Peking University.

“In the case of SDSS 1335+0728, we were able to observe a massive black hole awakening and suddenly absorbing the surrounding gas, becoming extremely bright.”

“This process has never been observed before,” Dr. Garcia said.

“Previous studies have reported that dormant galaxies become active after a few years, but this is the first time that the process of black hole awakening itself has been observed in real time.”

“This could also happen to Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the centre of our Milky Way galaxy, but we don't know how likely this is to happen.”

“Regardless of the nature of the fluctuations, SDSS 1335+0728 will provide valuable information about how black holes grow and evolve,” said Dr. Sáez.

“We hope that instruments like MUSE on the VLT and the upcoming MUSE on the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) will hold the key to understanding why galaxies are brightening.”

of study Published in a journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.

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P. Sanchez Aes others2024 SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of the universe about 1 billion years ago6 M_sun Black hole. A&Ain press; doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202347957

Source: www.sci.news

First Glimpse of Call of Duty: Black Ops 6 – 300GB Packed with Espionage, Undead Threats, and Historical Figures

MaMicrosoft didn’t skimp on its Xbox showcase this year. After a string of layoffs and studio closures, the company tried to give gamers what they wanted at its Summer Game Fest on Sunday night, culminating with a 40-minute preview of Call of Duty: Black Ops 6, a massive 300GB download. Continuous online access Even in single-player mode, the textures are streamed from a remote server due to the large amount of textures. As expected, the Xbox version will be available on GamePass from day one, but will not be platform exclusive. The PlayStation version will also be released on the same day, i.e. October 25th.

The game itself is set during the geopolitical turmoil of the early 1990s, including the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Gulf War, and the transition of the US presidency from George Bush to Bill Clinton. As always, the campaign story is an airport-fiction spy thriller, dealing with undeniable CIA operations, covert power struggles, and conspiracies that reach all the way to the very top. Series regular Frank Woods is severely injured and retired from active duty, and is replaced by Troy Marshall, a feckless special forces leader, and Jane Harrow, a shrewd CIA handler. When a mission goes wrong, they are forced to mutiny, recruiting a ragtag team of tech nerds and charming assassins. your Your ass is in danger, sir.

Like most recent Call of Duty titles, Black Ops 6 promises a bit of variety in the way you tackle its campaign missions. Most set pieces, whether they’re set in the glitzy casinos of southern Europe or the tundra of northern Russia, allow for guns blazing attacks or stealth approaches. There are also sequences where players can converse with NPCs to open up new possibilities, such as bribing a senator to grant access to forbidden areas. Familiar faces from the era will make an appearance, including Saddam Hussein, George Bush and Margaret Thatcher, and thankfully Activision has confirmed that at least the latter will be making an appearance. Not a playable option.

Call of Duty titles are typically developed in a quick two years, but with this game, co-developers Treyarch and Raven had double that time. “We had the opportunity to redefine what a Black Ops game is,” says associate design director Matt Scronce. “Every decision we made along the way allowed us to be very deliberate. Previously, each game built on the previous one, but with this game, we really built from the ground up and redefined Black Ops.”

One of the biggest changes to gamefeel is a new system called Omnidirection, which lets players sprint and slide in any direction. “Movement fluidity was a big thing we talked about a lot,” says Yale Miller, Senior Production Director at Treyarch. “That led to a desire to see what we could do.”

One story… Call of Duty: Black Ops 6. Photo: Microsoft

Scrance further explains, “Initially, we tried a 'jug', a quick side step. But when we thought about movement in Black Ops 6, it was all about keeping the player in the flow. It's about fluidity and fidelity, and something like a jug just didn't cut it. So we went back to the drawing board. For over 20 years, Call of Duty has only allowed you to sprint forward. So we looked to the best athletes in the real world: NFL players, NBA players, tennis players — players who can move quickly in all directions.”

Players can now sprint, dive, and slide with 360-degree movement, enabling a wider variety of evasive maneuvers. They can even roll onto their back and under cover, or recreate a classic move from Hong Kong action movies of the time: sliding backwards while shooting forward. Naturally, this system required thousands of new animation frames and motion capture, which wouldn’t have been possible without additional development time.

According to the team, accessibility has also been a key factor. A new intelligent movement system has been introduced, adding crouch, sprint and mantle assist that can be toggled on/off. Players can choose to fully automate jumping over walls and sliding under low obstacles. This was inspired by a variety of games. “We looked at the Forza series with traction control, anti-lock and turn assist,” Scronce said. “Also, mobile games are a good example of this, where you don’t have physical buttons. So what do they do?” The HUD is now also customizable, allowing players to move around on-screen information such as the minimap. This is a feature created with Call of Duty streamers in mind. They often want to add their own camera view in the game and have a hard time deciding where to place it without obscuring important information.

Key multiplayer components have been heavily tweaked, undoing some recent changes. There are 16 new maps, most of which feature the traditional three-lane design, while the Prestige system, which allows seasoned veteran players to show off their prowess with exclusive outfits, accessories, and classified weapons, has returned to the style of previous Black Ops games. Treyarch is also promising a vast arsenal of firearms from the era, with dozens of attachments.

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Call of Duty: Black Ops 6 – Capitol Station. Photo: Microsoft

Meanwhile, the regular Call of Duty zombies mode is returning to its roots, which Treyarch first introduced with World at War back in 2008. While the most recent Modern Warfare title introduced a new type of open-world zombie game, Black Ops 6 returns to the older round-based structure, where players work together to survive wave after wave of the undead while unlocking new weapons and exploring confined environments.

The Call of Duty monster truck continues to roll, accompanied by concerns about the appropriation of recent historical events, the glorification of U.S. foreign policy, and an enthusiasm for military-grade weaponry. But like the best blockbuster war movies, the game has its charms, and Black Ops 6 seems to bring some interesting additions to the series’ atmosphere. Which may point to the benefits of giving the studio a bit more time. Scrance said: “Overall, the extra time allowed us to pay more attention to detail and really push the character fidelity, movement, animations, audio, multiplayer maps, and so on, to a point where we can all say this is the best we’ve ever made.”

Source: www.theguardian.com

NASA reveals stunning visualization of a supermassive black hole’s event horizon

Thanks to a new visualization created on a NASA supercomputer, we can now dive into the event horizon, the point of no return for a black hole.

“People often ask about this, but simulating these hard-to-imagine processes is the key to bringing the mathematics of relativity to reality,” said Dr. Jeremy Schnitman, an astrophysicist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. “It helps us connect this with real-world consequences in the universe.”

“So I simulated two different scenarios: one in which the camera, standing in for the daring astronaut, misses the event horizon and the slingshot recedes; This is a scenario in which your fate will be determined.

To create the visualization, Dr. Schnitman worked with scientist Brian Powell at Goddard Space Flight Center and used the Discover supercomputer at the NASA Climate Simulation Center.

It took about five days to generate about 10 terabytes of data and run on just 0.3% of Discover’s 129,000 processors. It would take a typical laptop more than a decade to do the same thing.

The destination is a supermassive black hole with a mass 4.3 million times that of the Sun, comparable to the monster at the center of the Milky Way.

“If I had a choice, I would want to fall into a supermassive black hole,” Dr. Schnitman said.

“Stellar-mass black holes, containing up to about 30 solar masses, have much smaller event horizons and stronger tidal forces, and can tear apart approaching objects before they reach the horizon.”

This occurs because the gravitational force at the edge of the object near the black hole is much stronger than at the opposite edge. Falling objects stretch like noodles, a process astrophysicists call spaghettification.

The simulated black hole’s event horizon spans about 16 million miles (25 million km), or about 17% of the distance from Earth to the sun.

A flat, swirling cloud of hot, glowing gas called an accretion disk surrounds it and serves as a visual reference as it falls.

The same goes for glowing structures called photon rings, which are formed near black holes by light that has circled the hole one or more times.

A starry sky background seen from Earth completes the scene.

As the camera approaches the black hole, approaching the speed of light itself, the glow from the accretion disk and background stars is amplified, similar to the pitch of the sound of an approaching race car increasing.

If you look in the direction of travel, the light will appear brighter and whiter.

The film begins with a camera located some 640 million km (400 million miles) away, and a black hole quickly fills the field of view.

In the process, the black hole’s disk, photon ring, and night sky become increasingly distorted, even forming multiple images as light traverses an increasingly distorted space-time.

In real time, the camera takes about three hours to fall to the event horizon, performing nearly two full 30-minute orbits along the way. But for those observing from afar, it will never get there.

As the space-time distortion increases as you approach the horizon, the camera’s image slows down and appears to stop in front of you. This is why astronomers originally called black holes “frozen stars.”

At the event horizon, even space-time itself flows inward at the speed of light, the speed limit of the universe.

Once inside, both the camera and the spacetime it moves through hurtle towards the center of the black hole. A one-dimensional point called a singularity, where the laws of physics as we know them no longer work.

NASA’s visualization shows a camera tracking a supermassive black hole, similar in mass to that at the center of our galaxy, as it approaches, briefly orbits, and crosses the event horizon (point of no return). Masu. Image credit: J. Schnittman & B. Powell, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.

“Once the camera crosses the horizon, there are only 12.8 seconds left before spaghettification destruction,” Dr. Schnitman said.

From there, the singularity is only 128,000 km (79,500 miles) away. The last leg of this voyage is over in the blink of an eye.

In another scenario, the camera orbits close to the event horizon, but never crosses it and flees to safety.

If an astronaut were to fly this six-hour round trip, and her co-worker on the mother ship was far away from the black hole, she would return 36 minutes younger than her co-worker.

That’s because time slows down when you move near a strong source of gravity or at speeds close to the speed of light.

“This situation could become even more extreme,” Dr. Schnitman says.

“If a black hole were rotating rapidly, like the one shown in the 2014 movie, interstellar, she would return many years younger than the sailors. ”

Source: www.sci.news

Detecting Iron in the Accretion Disk Around the Supermassive Black Hole of NGC 4151: XRISM Observations

NGC 4151 is a spiral galaxy located approximately 62 million light-years away in the northern constellation Hanabi.

This artist's concept shows possible locations for iron revealed in NGC 4151's XRISM X-ray spectrum. Image credit: Conceptual Image Lab, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.

The X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM), a joint effort between JAXA and NASA, with extensive participation from ESA, launched from Japan's Tanegashima Space Center on September 6, 2023.

After beginning science operations in February 2024, the spacecraft focused on the supermassive black hole at the center of NGC 4151.

“XRISM's Resolve instrument captured a detailed spectrum of the region around the black hole,” said researcher Brian Williams, Ph.D., of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.

“The peaks and valleys are like chemical fingerprints that tell us what elements are present and can reveal clues about the fate of matter that approaches a black hole.”

NGC 4151's supermassive black hole holds more than 20 million times the mass of the Sun.

This galaxy is also active, meaning its center is unusually bright and changeable.

Gas and dust swirling toward the black hole forms an accretion disk around it, heated by gravity and frictional forces, creating fluctuations.

Some of the material at the edge of the black hole forms twin jets of particles that shoot out from either side of the disk at nearly the speed of light.

A bulging donut-shaped cloud of material called a torus surrounds the accretion disk.

XRISM's Resolve instrument captured data from the center of NGC 4151. The resulting spectrum reveals the presence of iron with a peak around 6.5 keV and a dip around 7 keV, thousands of times more energetic than the light visible to our eyes. Image credits: JAXA / NASA / XRISM Resolve / CXC / CfA / Wang et al. / Isaac Newton Telescope Group, La Palma Island / Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope / NSF / NRAO / VLA.

“In fact, NGC 4151 is one of the closest known active galaxies,” Dr. Williams and his colleagues said.

“Other missions, such as NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, are conducting research to learn more about the interactions between black holes and their surroundings, allowing scientists to study galaxies. Find out how the supermassive black hole at the center of time grows throughout the universe.

“This galaxy is unusually bright in X-rays, making it an ideal early target for XRISM.”

“The NGC 4151 spectrum in Resolve shows a sharp peak at energies just below 6.5 keV, an iron emission line.”

Astronomers believe that much of the power in active galaxies comes from X-rays emanating from hot, blazing regions near black holes.

When the X-rays reflect off the cold gas inside the disk, the iron there fluoresces, producing a specific X-ray peak.

This allowed for a more accurate depiction of both the disk and the eruptive region much closer to the black hole.

“The spectrum also shows some dips around 7 keV,” the astronomers said.

“The iron present in the torus caused these dips as well, but due to absorption rather than emission of X-rays, because the material there is much cooler than in the disk.”

“All of this radiation is about 2,500 times more energetic than the light we can see with our eyes.”

“Iron is just one of the elements that XRISM can detect. The telescope can also detect sulfur, calcium, argon, and more, depending on the source.”

“Each one tells us something different about the cosmic phenomena that litter the X-ray sky.”

Source: www.sci.news

Unexpectedly large stellar-mass black hole spotted in close binary star system

Using data from ESA’s Gaia mission, astronomers discovered a nearby binary system of massive stars orbiting a dormant star-derived black hole over a period of 11.6 years. The black hole’s estimated mass (33 solar masses) is significantly larger than all known stellar-mass black holes in the Milky Way and within the mass range of extragalactic black holes detected by gravitational waves.

Locations of the first three black holes discovered in the Milky Way by ESA’s Gaia mission. Image credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC.

The binary star system in question is named Gaia BH3 and is located 1,926 light-years from Earth in the constellation Aquila.

Also known as Gaia DR3 4318465066420528000, LS II +14 13, and 2MASS J19391872+1455542, it consists of an old, very metal-poor giant star and a dormant stellar-mass black hole.

Gaia BH3 is the third dormant black hole discovered by ESA’s interstellar mapping satellite Gaia.

“This is the kind of discovery that only happens once in a research career,” said Dr. Pasquale Panuzzo, an astronomer at the CNRS and the Paris Observatory.

“So far, black holes this large have only been detected in distant galaxies by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration, thanks to observations of gravitational waves.”

The average mass of the known stellar-origin black holes in our galaxy is about 10 times the mass of the Sun.

Astronomers face the pressing problem of explaining the origin of black holes as large as Gaia BH3.

Our current understanding of how massive stars evolve and die does not immediately explain how this type of black hole could be born.

Most theories predict that as massive stars age, a significant portion of their material is shed by powerful winds. Eventually, it will be partially blown into space when it explodes as a supernova.

The remainder of the core shrinks further, becoming either a neutron star or a black hole, depending on its mass.

It is extremely difficult to explain a core large enough to eventually become a black hole 30 times the mass of the Sun. But the clues to solving this mystery may lie very close to Gaia BH3.

The star, which orbits Gaia BH3 at about 16 times the distance between the Sun and Earth, is quite unusual and is an ancient giant that formed during the first two billion years after the Big Bang, when our galaxy began to form. It’s a star.

It belongs to the family of galactic stellar halos, which move in the opposite direction to the stars in the galactic disk.

Its orbit indicates that the star was probably part of a small galaxy, or globular cluster, that was swallowed up by the Milky Way more than 8 billion years ago.

This companion star contains almost no elements heavier than hydrogen or helium, indicating that the massive star that became Gaia BH3 may also have been extremely poor in heavy elements.

For the first time, the theory that the massive black holes observed in gravitational wave experiments were created by the collapse of primordial massive stars lacking heavy elements has been confirmed.

These early stars may have evolved differently from the massive stars we see in our galaxy today.

The composition of the companion star can also reveal the formation mechanism of this surprising binary system.

“We were surprised that the chemical composition of the companion star is similar to that seen in older, metal-poor stars in the Milky Way,” said Dr. Elisabetta Cuffo, an astronomer at the CNRS and the Paris Observatory.

“There is no evidence that this star was contaminated by material ejected from the supernova explosion of the massive star that became BH3.”

“This may suggest that the black hole acquired a mate from another star system for the first time after its birth.”

of the team paper be published in a magazine astronomy and astrophysics.

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P. Panuzzo other. (Gaia collaboration). 2024. Gaia astronomical measurements prior to release discovered a dormant black hole with the mass of 33 solar masses. A&A, in press. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202449763

Source: www.sci.news

Discovery of a Remarkably Large Black Hole in Our Galaxy

This artist's impression shows the orbits of both a massive stellar black hole and its companion star

ESO/L. Calzada

Astronomers have discovered Gaia-BH3, the largest stellar black hole ever discovered. It has a mass 33 times that of the Sun and is dwarfed only by supermassive black holes and black holes formed by merging with other black holes.

At about 2000 light-years away, Gaia-BH3 is also the second closest black hole to Earth ever discovered. george seabroke Researchers at University College London used the Gaia Space Telescope to discover this stellar black hole, formed from a star that has reached the end of its life.

Because light cannot escape from a black hole, most black holes are discovered by looking for the glow of hot material orbiting around them and falling. However, BH3 is in a dormant state and does not phagocytize substances. Instead, researchers made their discovery by noticing the strange movement of a star that appeared to be orbiting a part of empty space.

The star itself is also unusual, being made almost entirely of hydrogen and helium. Most stars contain at least some heavy elements, which formed in the cores of massive stars and were distributed throughout the universe by supernovae. However, the first generation of stars would have had very low amounts of heavy elements. The composition of BH3's partner star suggests that the massive star that eventually collapsed to form BH3 was also one of these primitive objects and evolved differently from the way massive stars do today. suggests that it is possible. This would explain how black holes became so huge. If it had evolved like a normal star, it would be difficult to explain its size.

The discovery of such a massive black hole was not a complete surprise. Experiments looking for gravitational waves (ripples in space-time caused by the motion of heavy objects) have found signs of them in other galaxies.

“These gravitational wave measurements should lead us to expect that such a black hole exists in our galaxy, but until now it hasn't,” Seabrook said. And this should be just the beginning, he says. “This star is very bright, so if you find a star this bright, you generally expect to find many fainter stars.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

New image exposes magnetic field surrounding Milky Way’s black hole

New and impressive images of the supermassive black hole located at the center of our galaxy show that its powerful magnetic field twists and rotates in a spiral pattern.

This is a never-before-seen view of Sagittarius A* (or Sgr A*), the massive black hole in the Milky Way galaxy that consumes nearby light and matter.

The images suggest similarities in structure between this black hole and the black hole in the galaxy M87. Although the black hole in M87, which was imaged for the first time, is over 1,000 times larger than Sagittarius A*, both exhibit strong, organized magnetic fields.

This pattern hints that many, if not all, black holes may share common traits, according to the scientists who published their findings in the Astrophysics Journal Letter on Wednesday.

“We’ve discovered that strong, orderly magnetic fields are crucial in how black holes interact with surrounding gas and matter,” said study co-leader and NASA Hubble Fellowship Program co-author, Einstein Fellow Sarah Isaun, as stated in a press release.

Isaun worked with an international team of astronomers known as the Event Horizon Telescope to conduct the research. This team comprises over 300 scientists from 80 institutions worldwide.

This same collaboration captured the first direct visual evidence of Sagittarius A* in 2022 and also studied the M87 galaxy, which is located approximately 53 million light-years away from Earth.

The magnetic field around the massive black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy, known as M87*, is believed to play a vital role in its extraordinary behavior. Black holes emit powerful jets of electrons and other subatomic particles into space at nearly the speed of light.

Although no such bursts of activity have been observed from Sagittarius A*, the similarities between the two black holes suggest that hidden jets may still be detected. Researchers suggest this possibility in the new images.


Source: www.nbcnews.com

The Event Horizon Telescope Detects a Twisted Magnetic Field Surrounding the Central Black Hole of the Milky Way

According to astronomers’ best models of black hole evolution, the magnetic field within the accretion disk must be strong enough to push the accreted plasma out into the surroundings. New results from Sagittarius A*, the 4.3 million solar mass black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy, and its much larger cousin M87* provide the first direct observational evidence supporting these models.

This image from the Event Horizon Telescope shows a polarized view of Sagittarius A*. The lines superimposed on this image show the direction of polarization associated with the magnetic field around the black hole’s shadow. Image credit: EHT Collaboration.

In 2022, EHT collaboration The first image of Sagittarius A*, about 27,000 light-years from Earth, has been released, showing that the Milky Way’s supermassive black hole looks very good despite being more than 1/1000th smaller and lighter in mass than M87. revealed that they are similar.

This led scientists to wonder if the two men had more in common than just their looks. To find out, they decided to study Sagittarius A* in polarized light.

Previous studies of the light surrounding M87* revealed that the magnetic field around the supermassive black hole causes powerful jets of matter to be ejected into the surrounding environment.

Based on this study, new EHT images reveal that the same may be true for Sagittarius A*.

“What we’re seeing now is a strong, twisted, organized magnetic field near the black hole at the center of the Milky Way,” said astronomers at the Harvard University & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. said Dr. Sarah Isaun.

“In addition to having a polarization structure that is strikingly similar to that seen in the much larger and more powerful M87* black hole, Sagittarius A* has a polarization structure that is strikingly similar to that seen in the much larger and more powerful M87* black hole. We found that strong, well-ordered magnetic fields are important for how they act.”

Light is a vibrating or moving electromagnetic wave that allows us to see objects. Light can oscillate in a particular direction, which scientists call polarization.

Polarized light is all around us, but to the human eye it is indistinguishable from “normal” light.

In the plasma around these black holes, particles swirling around magnetic field lines impart a polarization pattern perpendicular to the magnetic field.

This will allow astronomers to see in clearer detail what’s happening in the black hole region and map its magnetic field lines.

“By imaging polarized light from glowing gas near a black hole, we are directly inferring the structure and strength of the magnetic field that flows through the streams of gas and matter that the black hole feeds and ejects.” said Dr. Angelo Ricarte. Astronomer at Harvard University and the Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

“Polarized light can tell us much more about astrophysics, the properties of the gas, and the mechanisms that occur when black holes feed.”

But imaging black holes under polarized light isn’t as easy as wearing polarized sunglasses. This is especially true for Sagittarius A*. Sagittarius A* changes so quickly that you can’t stand still and take a photo.

Imaging supermassive black holes requires sophisticated tools beyond those previously used to capture a more stable target, M87*.

“Sagittarius A*s are like enthusiastic toddlers,” said Avery Broderick, a professor at the University of Waterloo.

“For the first time, we see invisible structures that guide matter within a black hole’s disk, drive plasma to the event horizon, and help the plasma grow.”

“Sagittarius A* moves around while trying to photograph it, so it was difficult to even construct an unpolarized image,” said astronomer Dr. Jeffrey Bower of the Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica in Taipei. Told.

“The first image is an average of multiple images from the movement of Sagittarius A*.”

“I was relieved that polarized imaging was also possible. Some models had too much scrambling and turbulence to build polarized images, but nature isn’t that cruel. did.”

Professor Maria Felicia de Laurentiis, University of Naples Federico II, said: “Using samples of two black holes with very different masses and host galaxies, we can determine what they agree on and what they do not agree on.” It’s important.

“Since both point us toward strong magnetic fields, this suggests that this may be a universal and perhaps fundamental feature of this type of system.”

“One similarity between these two black holes could be a jet. But while we imaged a very obvious black hole in M87*, we have yet to find one in Sagittarius A*. not.”

The results of this research are published in two papers (paper #1 & paper #2) in Astrophysics Journal Letter.

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Collaboration with Event Horizon Telescope. 2024. Horizon telescope results for the first Sagittarius A* event. VII. Polarization of the ring. APJL 964, L25; doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad2df0

Collaboration with Event Horizon Telescope. 2024. Horizon telescope results for the first Sagittarius A* event. VIII. Physical interpretation of polarization rings. APJL 964, L26; doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad2df1

Source: www.sci.news

Stunning New Images of Black Holes in Galactic Centers Unveiled

It has been close to two years since the world was first introduced to Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the supermassive black hole residing at the center of the Milky Way.

A true behemoth, Sgr A* boasts a mass equivalent to 4 million suns and is encircled by hot pockets of swirling gas. Despite its immense size, it sits about 27,000 light-years away from Earth, appearing in the sky only as large as a donut on the moon’s surface.

In a recent study published in the Astrophysics Journal Letter and released by the event horizon telescope (EHT), Sgr A* was captured in polarized light for the first time.

Similar to how sunglasses can filter polarized light from the sun, astronomers utilize polarized light to unveil concealed magnetic fields.

The lines within the image indicate the direction of polarization, which correlates with the structure of the magnetic field surrounding the black hole.

“The spiral pattern observed swirling around the black hole signifies that the magnetic field must also be swirling, indicating a very strong and ordered field,” stated Dr. Sarah Isaun, an Einstein Fellow and co-leader of the project in the NASA Hubble Fellowship Program, as quoted in BBC Science Focus.

A comparison between the supermassive black holes M87* and Sagittarius A*, depicted in polarized light, reveals similar magnetic field structures, suggesting a universal feature among supermassive black holes. – Image credit: EHT Collaboration

The first-ever image of a black hole was unveiled by EHT in 2019, featuring a much grander black hole at the core of the Messier 87 galaxy (M87*).

M87* is approximately 1,000 times heavier than Sgr A*, leading to a slower rotation making it easier to image.

Further developments include astronomers releasing images of the magnetic field encompassing M87* in 2021. Overcoming the challenge of capturing our own supermassive black hole in polarized light took an additional three years.


In a surprising revelation, despite the contrasting sizes of the two black holes, the new images demonstrate strikingly similar magnetic field structures, emphasizing the prevalence of strong magnetic fields in both. This highlights a fundamental feature of supermassive black holes.

Isaun emphasized, “Sgr A* now holds a polarization structure remarkably akin to the larger, more potent M87* black hole, supporting the significance of a robust, well-ordered magnetic field in these entities.”

A comparison of the sizes of two black holes imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration: M87* at the core of the galaxy Messier 87 and Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) at the center of the Milky Way. – Image credit: EHT Collaboration (Acknowledgment: Lia Medeiros, xkcd)

Previous investigations on M87* disclosed that the encircling magnetic field generates potent jets of energy and matter extending far beyond the galaxy. While astronomers have visualized the jet around M87*, it has remained elusive around Sgr A*. However, recent images unveil remarkable similarities between the two black holes, suggesting the potential existence of jets in both.

Isaun highlighted, “The jets within the host galaxy can stimulate or counteract star formation, exhibiting a fascinating interplay between the dynamics of these emanating jets from these black holes and the evolvement of the host galaxy. There exists a connection.”

“I believe we can extract valuable insights into our galaxy’s history from this connection.”

Upon the release of this image in 2022 by the EHT collaboration, it served as the premier visual evidence of a supermassive black hole residing at the heart of our galaxy, Sagittarius A*. – Image credit: EHT Collaboration

The upgraded EHT is set to observe Sgr A* once more next month, with astronomers hopeful of uncovering concealed jets and other facets of the galaxy’s central region.

Anticipate further groundbreaking revelations from EHT, potentially including more awe-inspiring images and even real-time video footage in years to come.

About our experts

Sarah Isaun is an observational astronomer and member of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration. Her research focuses on aggregating, calibrating, and visualizing millimeter-wave radio observations of supermassive black holes. She led a project to produce new images of Sagittarius A* in polarized light.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Revealing the Magnetic Field Swirling Around Our Galaxy’s Black Hole through a New Perspective

Black hole Sagittarius A* seen in polarized light

European Southern Observatory (ESO)

This is a supermassive black hole at the center of a galaxy that we have never seen before. The image reveals a swirling magnetic field around Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), suggesting it may be producing jets of high-energy material that astronomers have not yet seen.

This photo was taken by a network of observatories around the world operating as a single giant telescope called the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). In 2022, the first images of Sgr A* were produced, revealing light emanating from swirling hot plasma set against the dark background of a black hole's event horizon. There, light cannot escape the extreme gravity.

Now, EHT researchers Jiri Yunshi The researchers from University College London measured how this light is polarized, or the direction of the electromagnetic field, and showed the direction and strength of the magnetic field around Sgr A*.

This image is very similar to the magnetic field of M87*, the first black hole studied by EHT. Given that M87* is about 1,500 times more massive than Sgr A*, this suggests that supermassive black holes may have similar structures regardless of their size, Yunshi says.

The two black holes photographed by the Event Horizon Telescope are strikingly similar.

European Southern Observatory (ESO)

One major difference between M87* and the black holes in our galaxy is the absence of visible high-energy jets visible from Sgr A*. This lack has long puzzled astronomers, but the fact that Sgr A* has a magnetic field like M87* suggests that our galaxy's black hole may also have jets. It suggests.

“There are very interesting hints that there may be additional structures,” Yunshi says. “I think something very exciting could be happening at the center of the galaxy, and we need to track these results.”

This makes sense given other evidence for jets that may have existed long before the galaxy's history, such as Fermi bubbles, large balls of X-ray-producing plasma above and below the Milky Way. Masu.

In addition to revealing potential hidden jets, the properties of magnetic fields also solve other astrophysical mysteries, such as how particles like cosmic rays and neutrinos are accelerated to ultrahigh energies. This could help solve the problem, Yunshi said. “Magnetic fields are the basis of all of this. Anything that yields further insight into how black holes and magnetic fields interact is of just fundamental importance to astrophysics.”

Yunshi and his colleagues hope to use a larger telescope network and more advanced equipment to take more images of Sgr A*, which will help them understand the nature of the magnetic field and how it directs the jet. This will deepen your understanding of what is being generated. EHT plans to begin these observations in April, but processing the data could take several years.

References: Astrophysics Journal LetterDoi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad2df0 &DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad2df1

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Exploring the mysteries of black holes using a ‘Quantum tornado’

If you think a regular tornado is scary, fasten your seatbelts. Scientists have created a tornado so powerful that it resembles a black hole. why? This giant vortex closely mimics a black hole, so it could offer great potential for black hole research.

It was published in the magazine Nature experimental study We created something never seen before: a quantum tornado. Basically, while a normal tornado circulates by tearing apart trees and houses, a quantum tornado circulates atoms and particles.

To make the tornado mimic a black hole, the researchers needed to use helium in a “superfluid” state, meaning it has a low viscosity and can flow without resistance. These properties allow scientists to closely observe how helium interacts with its surroundings.


This led to the discovery that small waves on the liquid surface simulate the gravitational conditions around a rotating black hole.

So how did they do it? First, the team led by the University of Nottingham needed to achieve the right properties for the liquid. This involved cooling several liters of superfluid helium to the lowest possible temperature, below -271°C.

Normally, tiny objects called “quantum vortices” in liquid helium spread apart from each other. But at this new, ultra-low temperature, liquid helium takes on quantum properties and stabilizes.

Helium “quantum tornado” experimental equipment at the black hole laboratory. – Photo credit: Leonardo Solidoro

Using a new cryogenic device, researchers were able to trap tens of thousands of these tiny objects, creating a “vortex” similar to a tornado.

The success of this experiment will allow researchers to compare the interactions inside a simulated black hole with their own theoretical projections, giving scientists a new way to simulate theories of curved spacetime and gravity. Possibilities will be unlocked.

“When we first observed clear signs of black hole physics in our first analog experiments in 2017, it was a discovery of some strange phenomena that are often difficult, if not impossible, to study in other ways.” It was a breakthrough moment for understanding the phenomenon.” Professor Silke Weinfurtneris leading the research at the Black Hole Institute, where this experiment was developed.

“Now, with more sophisticated experiments, we have taken this research to the next level. This may lead to predictions of what will happen.”

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Astronomers discover the heaviest supermassive black hole pair ever measured

Astronomers are gemini north telescope measured a binary supermassive black hole located within the elliptical galaxy B2 0402+379.

Artist's impression of the supermassive black hole binary in elliptical galaxy B2 0402+379. Image credit: NOIRLab / NSF / AURA / J. daSilva / M. Zamani.

The pair of compact objects at the center of B2 0402+379 are the only supermassive black hole binaries ever resolved in enough detail that both objects can be seen separately.

It holds the record for the smallest distance ever directly measured – just 24 light years.

While this close separation portends a strong merger, further research reveals that the pair has been stuck at this distance for more than 3 billion years, raising questions. What is the holdup?

To better understand the dynamics of this system and its stalled merger, Stanford University professor Roger Romani and his colleagues turned to archival data from Gemini North. Gemini multi-object spectrometer (GMOS) This allowed them to determine the speed of stars near the black hole.

“The excellent sensitivity of GMOS allowed us to map the increasing velocity of stars as they approach the center of the galaxy. This allowed us to estimate the total mass of black holes present there.” Professor Romani said.

The authors estimate that the binary star's mass is a whopping 28 billion times that of the Sun, making the pair the most massive binary black hole ever measured.

This measurement not only provides valuable background on the formation of binary systems and the history of their host galaxies, but also confirms the long-held belief that the mass of supermassive binary black holes plays a key role in preventing potential mergers. This supports the theory.

“The data archive provided by the International Gemini Observatory holds a goldmine of untapped scientific discoveries,” said Dr. Martin Still, NSF program director for the International Gemini Observatory.

“Measuring the mass of this extreme supermassive binary black hole is an awe-inspiring example of the potential impact of new research exploring its rich archive.”

Understanding how this binary formed can help predict if and when it will merge. Also, some clues indicate that the pair formed through multiple galaxy mergers.

First, B2 0402+379 is a “fossil cluster,” meaning it is the result of an entire galaxy cluster's worth of stars and gas merging into a single giant galaxy.

Additionally, the presence of two supermassive black holes, coupled with their large combined mass, suggests that they resulted from the merger of multiple smaller black holes from multiple galaxies.

After galaxies merge, supermassive black holes do not collide head-on. Instead, they start slingshotting each other as they settle into a certain trajectory.

Each time a black hole passes, energy is transferred from it to the surrounding stars.

Losing their energy, the pair are dragged together, and gravitational radiation takes over, merging them just a few light years away.

This process has been observed directly in pairs of stellar-mass black holes, first documented by the detection of gravitational waves in 2015, but has never been observed in binaries of supermassive black holes.

With new knowledge about the system's extremely large mass, astronomers concluded that it would take a very large number of stars to slow down the binary enough to make its orbits so close together. .

In the process, the black hole seems to have blown away almost all the material around it, depleting the galaxy's center of stars and gas.

The merger of the two companies stalled in the final stages, as there was nothing left to further slow the companies' trajectory.

“Galaxies with lighter black hole pairs usually seem to have enough stars and mass to quickly merge the two,” Professor Romani said.

“The pair is so massive that we needed a lot of stars and gas to get the job done. But binaries scour the galaxy for such material, causing it to stagnate, making it impossible for our research to do so.” has been made accessible.”

It remains to be determined whether the pair will overcome stasis and eventually merge on a timescale of millions of years, or remain in orbit forever in limbo.

If they merged, the resulting gravitational waves would be 100 million times more powerful than those produced by the merger of stellar-mass black holes.

The pair could potentially conquer that final distance via another galactic merger. In that case, additional material, or potentially a third black hole, could be injected into the galaxy, slowing the pair's orbits enough for a merger.

However, given that B2 0402+379 is a fossil cluster, further galaxy mergers are unlikely.

“We're looking forward to tracking the core of B2 0402+379 to find out how much gas is present,” said Tirth Surti, an undergraduate at Stanford University.

“This should give us more insight into whether supermassive black holes may eventually merge or remain stuck as binaries.”

of result will appear in astrophysical journal.

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Tirth Surti other. 2024. Central kinematics and black hole mass of 4C+37.11. APJ 960, 110; doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad14fa

Source: www.sci.news

Webb uncovers incredible black hole in the ancient cosmos

Using the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope, astronomers observed a very red quasar-like object. A2744-QSO1 Its color suggests that A2744-QSO1's black hole lies behind a thick veil of dust obscuring much of its light. The researchers also measured the black hole's mass (40 million solar masses) and found it to be much more massive compared to its host galaxy than what has been seen in more localized examples. . This discovery suggests that it may represent the missing link between black hole seeds and the first luminescent quasars.



A composite color image of A2744-QSO1. Image credit: Furutaku other, doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07184-8.

“We were very excited when Webb started transmitting its first data,” said Dr. Lukas Furtak, a postdoctoral researcher at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.

“As we were scanning the data coming in for the UNCOVER program, three very compact objects with red flowers stood out to us.”

“Because of its 'red dot' appearance, we immediately suspected it to be a quasar-like object.”

“Using a numerical lensing model we built for the Abell 2744 galaxy cluster, we found that the three red dots are multiples of the same background light source seen when the universe was just 700 million years old. “We determined that it must be an image of Adi Zitlin, also from Ben-Gurion University in the Negev.

“Analysis of the object's color shows that it is not a typical star-forming galaxy,” said Professor Rachel Bezanson, an astronomer at the University of Pittsburgh.

“This further supports the supermassive black hole hypothesis.”

“Together with its compact size, it became clear that this was probably a supermassive black hole, but it was still different from other quasars discovered earlier.”

The astronomers then analyzed the JWST/NIRSpec spectrum of A2744-QSO1.

“The spectrum was just shocking,” said Professor Ivo Rabe of Swinburne University of Technology.

“The spectrum obtained by combining the signals from the three images and the lens magnification corresponds to 1,700 hours that Webb observed the object without a lens, making it the deepest spectrum Webb obtained for a single object in the early universe. Masu.”

“Using the spectrum, we were able to not only confirm that this red compact object is a supermassive black hole and measure its precise redshift, but also estimate its mass based on the width of its emission line. We were able to get a solid estimate,” Dr. Furtak said.

“The gas orbits the black hole's gravitational field, achieving extremely high velocities not seen in other parts of the galaxy.”

“Due to the Doppler shift, the light emitted from the accreting material is redshifted on one side and blueshifted on the other side, depending on its velocity.”

“This makes the emission lines in the spectrum wider.”

But this measurement brought yet another surprise. The black hole's mass appears to be disproportionately large compared to the mass of its host galaxy.

“All the light in that galaxy would have to fit within a small region about the size of a modern star cluster,” said Dr. Jenny Green, an astronomer at Princeton University.

“The source's gravitational lensing magnification provided an exquisite constraint on size.”

“Even if you pack all possible stars into such a small region, the black hole will end up being at least 1% of the total mass of the system.”

“In fact, it has now been discovered that several other supermassive black holes in the early Universe exhibit similar behavior, which provides insight into the growth of black holes and host galaxies, and the interactions between them. This provides some interesting insights, but this is not well understood.”

Astronomers do not know whether such supermassive black holes grow from the remains of stars, for example, or perhaps from material that collapsed directly into black holes in the early universe.

“In some ways, this is an astrophysical chicken-and-egg problem,” says Professor Zitlin.

“Currently we don't know whether galaxies or black holes formed first, how big the first black holes were, and how they grew.”

“Recently, many more such 'little red dots' and other active galactic nuclei have been detected in the Webb, so we hope to have a better idea soon.”

of the team result appear in the diary Nature.

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LJ Furutak other. High black hole-to-host mass ratio in the lensed AGN of the early Universe. Nature, published online on February 14, 2024. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07184-8

Source: www.sci.news

Scientists observe massive outburst from supermassive black hole in far-off galaxy cluster

Some of the gas erupts from the supermassive black hole located at the center of galaxy cluster SDSS J1531+3414 (abbreviated SDSS J1531) until it reaches a temperature high enough to form numerous star clusters. Cooled down.

Multi-wavelength image of the massive galaxy cluster SDSS J1531+3414.Image credits: NASA / CXC / SAO / Omorui other. / STScI / Tremblay other. / Astron / Loafers / NASA / CXC / SAO / N. Walk.

SDSS J1531 is a huge galaxy cluster containing hundreds of individual galaxies and a huge reservoir of hot gas and dark matter.

At the center of SDSS J1531, two of the cluster's largest galaxies collide with each other.

Surrounding these merging giants are 19 large star clusters called superclusters, arranged in an “S” shape similar to beads on a string.

Dr. Osase Omoruyi and colleagues at Harvard University and the Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics are using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, the LOFAR radio network, and other telescopes to discover how this chain of unusual star clusters formed. I found out what happened.

The discovery of evidence of an ancient mega-eruption in SDSS J1531 provided important clues.

The eruption may have occurred when a supermassive black hole at the center of one of the large galaxies produced a very powerful jet.

As the jet traveled through space, it pulled surrounding hot gas away from the black hole, creating a huge cavity.

“We're already observing this system as it existed 4 billion years ago, when the Earth was just forming,” Omoruyi said.

“This ancient cavity is a fossil of the black hole's influence on its host galaxy and its surroundings, and tells us about important events that occurred almost 200 million years ago in the history of this star cluster.”

Evidence for the cavity comes from bright X-ray emission “wings” seen on Chandra that track dense gas near the center of SDSS J1531.

These wings form the edges of the cavity, and the less dense gas between them is part of the cavity.

LOFAR shows radio waves from the remains of the jet's energetic particles filling a huge cavity.

Taken together, these data provide convincing evidence for an ancient great explosion.

Astronomers also discovered cold and warm gas near the cavity's opening, detected by the Atacama Large Millimeter and Submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Gemini North Telescope, respectively.

They argue that some of the hot gas pushed out of the black hole eventually cooled down to cold, warm gas.

They believe that the tidal effects of the two galaxies merging compressed the gas along a curved path, forming the star cluster in a “string-bead” pattern.

“We reconstructed the sequence of events that may have occurred within this cluster over a wide range of distances and times,” said Dr. Grant Tremblay, also of Harvard University and the Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

“It started when a black hole, just one light-year in diameter, formed a cavity about 500,000 light-years wide.”

“This single event triggered the formation of young star clusters almost 200 million years later, each several thousand light-years in diameter.”

Although the authors only looked at the radio waves and cavity from one jet, black holes typically fire two jets in opposite directions.

They also observed radio emissions further out from the galaxy that could be the remains of a second jet, but it was unrelated to the detected cavity.

They speculate that radio and X-ray signals from other eruptions may have diminished to the point where they could no longer be detected.

“We believe the evidence for this large-scale eruption is strong, but further observations from Chandra and LOFAR will confirm the case,” Dr. Omoruyi said.

“We hope to learn more about the origins of the cavities we have already detected and find the cavities we expect to find on the other side of the black hole.”

a paper Regarding the survey results, astrophysical journal.

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Omase Omorui other. 2024. A “string bead” star formation associated with one of the most powerful she-AGN outbursts observed in the Cool Core Galaxy Cluster. APJ, in press. arXiv: 2312.06762

Source: www.sci.news

The Sun-Fueled Black Hole: Potential to Shine as the Brightest Object in the Universe

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. — Researchers have identified a quasar with a black hole at its center that may be the most luminous object in the universe. This quasar is growing at an incredible rate, capable of consuming an amount equivalent to the sun in a single day.

The record-breaking quasar shines 500 trillion times brighter than the sun. Scientists reported in the journal Nature Astronomy that the black hole fueling this quasar is more than 17 billion times more massive than the sun.

Despite appearing as mere dots in images, scientists believe quasars to be formidable entities.

The disk of luminous gas and other material orbiting a quasar’s black hole is akin to a cosmic hurricane.

“This quasar is the most violent place in the universe as we know it,” said lead author Christian Wolff of the Australian National University.

The object, known as J0529-4351, was initially discovered by the European Southern Observatory in 1980 and misclassified as a star. It was not confirmed to be a quasar until last year, after telescope observations in Australia and the Atacama Desert in Chile.

“What’s interesting about this quasar is that it’s hiding in plain sight and was previously misclassified as a star,” said Priyamvada Natarajan of Yale University.

Further analysis revealed that the quasar consumes the equivalent of 370 suns a year, or one sun a day, and the black hole at its center has a mass between 17 billion and 19 billion times that of the sun. More observations are needed to understand its growth rate.

Quasars are located 12 billion light years away and have existed since the beginning of the universe. One light year is 5.8 trillion miles.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Largest black hole energizes the most luminous entity in the cosmos

Artist's impression of record-breaking quasar J0529-4351

ESO/M.Kornmesser

A quasar 500 trillion times brighter than the Sun has earned the title of the brightest known object in the universe. It appears to be powered by a supermassive black hole that devours a sun-sized mass every day.

Quasars are the centers of galaxies where gas and dust falling into a supermassive black hole emit energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. christian wolff Researchers at the Australian National University in Canberra will discover a new object called J0529-4351 in 2022 by scouring data from the Gaia Space Telescope and looking for extremely bright objects outside the Milky Way that have been mistaken for stars. The brightest quasar was discovered for the first time.

Follow-up observations from the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile revealed that it is the brightest object in the universe as we know it.

Wolf and his colleagues used an instrument on the VLT called a spectrometer to analyze the light coming from J0529-4351 and calculate how much was produced by the black hole's swirling disk of gas and matter, called the accretion disk. did. This revealed that J0529-4351 is the fastest growing black hole in the universe, swallowing about 413 solar masses per year, or more than one sun per day.

Using the spectra of these lights, the researchers calculated that the mass of the black hole was between 5 billion and 50 billion solar masses.

Wolf and his colleagues also discovered the brightest quasar to date in 2018, about half as bright as J0529-4351. Wolf believes this new discovery is likely to account for most of the observable sky and remain the record holder for some time. Now, thanks to extensive star catalogs like those created by Gaia, they can be studied in great detail. “This is the largest unicorn we've ever found with the longest horn on its head. I don't think this record will ever be surpassed,” Wolf says.

The quasar's accretion disk appears to be the widest ever known, measuring 7 light-years in diameter. It says this provides a rare opportunity to directly image a black hole and precisely measure its mass. Christine Dunn At Durham University, UK. “This is large enough and bright enough that it can be solved with current equipment,” he says Done. “That means we can more directly measure the mass of this monster black hole. I was very excited about that.”

VLT is currently upgrading its spectroscopic equipment as part of the Gravity+ project, which should allow it to resolve the characteristics of J0529-4351 in detail. This means different parts of a quasar's accretion disk can be distinguished and better understood, but it could take several years, Dunn said.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

New Study Reveals the Superfast Spin of the Milky Way’s Supermassive Black Hole

Sagittarius A*, the 4.3 million solar mass black hole at the center of the Milky Way, spins so fast that space-time around it is warped into the shape of a soccer ball, according to an analysis. Data collected by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and NSF's Carl G. Jansky Very Large Array.



daily other. Sagittarius A* was found to be rotating at 60% of its maximum rotational speed, which is set by matter that cannot travel faster than the speed of light. This image shows Sagittarius A* in X-ray light from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. Image credit: NASA / CXC / University of Wisconsin / Bai other.

Black holes have two fundamental properties: mass (weight) and spin (rotational speed).

Determining either of these two values ​​can tell astrophysicists a lot about black holes and their behavior.

Dr. Ruth Daly of Pennsylvania State University and colleagues applied a new method using X-ray and radio data to predict Sagittarius A*'s rotation rate based on how matter moves toward or away from the black hole. Decided.

They discovered that Sagittarius A* rotates at an angular velocity (rotations per second). Its angular velocity is about 60% of its maximum possible value, a limit set by the inability of matter to travel faster than the speed of light.

In the past, different astronomers have used different techniques to estimate the rate of rotation of Sagittarius A*, ranging from not rotating at all to rotating at near maximum speed, with mixed results.

“Our research may help answer the question of how fast our galaxy's supermassive black holes rotate,” said Dr. Daly.

“Our results show that Sagittarius A* is rotating very rapidly, which is interesting and has far-reaching implications.”

A rotating black hole pulls space-time and nearby matter into its surroundings as it rotates. Spacetime around a rotating black hole is also crushed.

If you look down at a black hole from above and follow the barrel of the jet it produces, spacetime is circular.

However, if you look at a rotating black hole from the side, spacetime looks like a soccer ball. The faster the spin, the flatter the football.

The spin of a black hole acts as an important source of energy. When a supermassive black hole rotates, its spin energy can be extracted to produce a parallel outflow, a thin beam of matter such as a jet, but this requires at least some material near the black hole. must exist.

Because of the limited fuel surrounding Sagittarius A*, the black hole has been relatively quiet for the last several thousand years, with a relatively weak jet stream.

But new research shows that this could change as the amount of material increases near Sagittarius A*.

“A collimated jet powered by a galaxy's rotating central black hole could have a significant impact on the galaxy's entire gas supply,” said Michigan State University astronomer Megan Donahue. “This also influences the rate and uniformity with which stars form.”

“Fermi bubbles seen in X-rays and gamma rays around the Milky Way's black hole indicate that the black hole was probably active in the past. Measuring the black hole's rotation is important in this scenario. It's a test.”

To determine Sagittarius A*'s spin, astronomers looked at the black hole's spin and its mass, the nature of the matter near the black hole, and its outflow properties.

The parallel outflow produces radio waves, and the disk of gas surrounding the black hole is responsible for emitting X-rays.

Using this method, the researchers combined data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and NSF's Carl G. Jansky Very Large Array with independent estimates of the black hole's mass from other telescopes. to limit the rotation of the black hole.

“Sagittarius A* offers a special perspective because it is the closest supermassive black hole to us,” said Dr. Anand Lu, an astronomer at McGill University.

“Although it is quiet now, our research shows that in the future it will have an incredibly powerful impact on the matter around it.”

“It could happen in a thousand or million years, or it could happen in our lifetime.”

of study Published in Royal Astronomical Society Monthly Notices.

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Ruth A. Daly et al. 2024. New black hole spin values ​​for Sagittarius A* obtained using the outflow method. MNRAS 527 (1): 428-436; doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad3228

Source: www.sci.news

Ed Dwight, the first black astronaut, finally receives recognition.

Ed Dwight spent his childhood on a farm on the outskirts of Kansas back in the 1930s. The airfield was nearby, and as a young child, he would often visit to watch the planes and the pilots. Most of the planes were returning from hunting trips, and the inside was stained with blood and empty beer cans on the floor.

“They would say to me, ‘Hey, can you clean my plane? I’ll give you a dime,’” Dwight, 90, recalls. But when he was eight or nine years old, he wanted more than a dime. He wanted to fly.

“My first flight was the most exciting thing in the world,” Dwight says with a laugh. “There were no roads or stop signs. You were free as a bird.”

It took years for Dwight to entertain the thought of becoming a pilot himself. “It was white people’s territory,” he says. But when he saw an image of a black pilot shot down in South Korea on the front page of a newspaper, he immediately decided that he wanted to fly.

With that decision, Dwight set in motion a chain of events that would nearly lead him to become one of the first astronauts. Dwight was hand-picked by President John F. Kennedy’s White House to join Chuck Yeager’s test pilot program at Edwards Air Force Base in California’s Mojave Desert as he rose through the ranks in the Air Force.

US Air Force Colonel Ed Dwight.
Provided by Ed Dwight/National Geographic, via AP

However, after Kennedy’s assassination, Dwight’s path to NASA disappeared and he was not selected for the space program. In recent years, Dwight has finally begun to receive recognition with the release of the new National Geographic Documentary “Space Race,” which tells the story of Dwight, a pioneer who was nearly one of the first black astronauts.

When the Soviet Union launched Sputnik into orbit in 1957, it influenced the formation of NASA. Dwight was not initially thinking about becoming an astronaut, but political leaders became conscious of the image that American astronauts could project about American democracy, and then Dwight got an unexpected invitation to train to become an astronaut. He received acclaim for appearing on the covers of black magazines such as Jet and Sepia, but faced hostility by police officers and other developments during his training. Dwight was the only one selected by the White House to train at that time, yet eventually was not among the 14 selected in 1963, following Kennedy’s assassination.

Air Force Col. Ed Dwight sits in the cockpit at the beginning of flight training in 1954.
Provided by Ed Dwight/National Geographic, via AP

Despite not becoming an astronaut, Dwight accomplished many things, including founding a construction company and earning a Master of Fine Arts degree in sculpture. He has created sculptures of notable black historical figures and had some of his sculptures flown into space aboard the Orion spacecraft. NASA even named an asteroid after him. For subsequent black astronauts, Dwight serves as an influential figure and is honored to be considered a pioneering black astronaut.

NASA astronaut Victor Glover, from left, Ed Dwight and Leland Melvin, on Thursday in Pasadena, California.
Chris Pizzello/AP

Dwight is filled with gratitude for the experiences he had and the opportunity to meet many influential figures throughout his life. He envisions that astronauts and influential leaders should have the chance to view the Earth from above to understand the futility of racism. “We’re flying around the galaxy in this little ball,” Dwight says.

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Source: www.nbcnews.com

New discoveries from the Webb telescope shed light on the origins of supermassive black holes and galaxies

New insights from the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope overturn theories about how black holes shape the universe, reversing the classical theory that black holes formed after the first stars and galaxies appeared. It challenges our understanding. In fact, black holes may have accelerated the birth of new stars during the universe's first 50 million years.


This artist's impression shows the evolution of the universe, starting with the Big Bang on the left and continuing with the emergence of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The formation of the first stars ends the Dark Ages of the universe, followed by the formation of galaxies. Image credit: M. Weiss / Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

“We know that these monster black holes exist in the centers of galaxies near the Milky Way, but now the big surprise is that they were also present at the beginning of the universe, and that they were like building blocks or seeds of early galaxies. It was something,” he said. Professor Joseph Silk, an astronomer at Johns Hopkins University and the Sorbonne Institute of Astrophysics;

“They've really enhanced everything, including giant amplifiers for star formation. This completely overturns what we previously thought was possible, and how galaxies form. It has the potential to completely shake up our understanding of what happens.”

“The distant galaxies observed by Webb in the early universe appear much brighter than scientists expected, revealing an unusually large number of young stars and supermassive black holes.”

“Conventional wisdom holds that black holes formed after the collapse of supermassive stars, and that galaxies formed after the first stars illuminated the dark early universe.”

But the team's analysis suggests that for the first 100 million years, black holes and galaxies coexisted, influencing each other's fate.

“We argue that the outflow of the black hole crushed the gas clouds and turned them into stars, greatly accelerating the rate of star formation,” Professor Silk said.

“Otherwise, it's very difficult to understand where these bright galaxies came from, because they are typically smaller in the early Universe. Why on earth did they become stars so quickly? Do I need to create one?”

“A black hole is a region of space where gravity is so strong that not even light can escape its attraction.”

“Thanks to this force, they generate powerful magnetic fields that cause violent storms, eject turbulent plasma, and ultimately act like giant particle accelerators.”

“This process may be why Webb's detectors found more black holes and brighter galaxies than scientists expected.”

“We can't fully see these ferocious winds and jets so far away, but we know they must exist because many black holes have been seen in the early universe. I am.”

“The huge wind blowing from the black hole crushes nearby gas clouds, turning them into stars.”

“This is the missing link that explains why these first galaxies are much brighter than we expected.”

According to the research team, there were two stages of the young universe.

In the first stage, star formation was accelerated by high-velocity outflow from the black hole, while in the second stage, the outflow slowed down.

“Hundreds of millions of years after the Big Bang, a supermassive black hole magnetic storm caused gas clouds to collapse and new stars to form at a rate far exceeding that observed in normal galaxies billions of years later,” Professor Silk said. Ta.

“These powerful outflows moved into energy conservation states, reducing the amount of gas available to form stars within the galaxy, thus slowing star formation.”

“We originally thought that galaxies formed when giant gas clouds collapsed,” Professor Silk said.

“The big surprise was that there was a seed in the middle of that cloud, a large black hole, that helped rapidly turn the inside of that cloud into a star at a much faster rate than we expected. So the first galaxies are incredibly bright.”

of study Published in Astrophysics Journal Letter.

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joseph silk other. 2024. Which came first, a supermassive black hole or a galaxy? Insights from JWST. APJL 961, L39; doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad1bf0

Source: www.sci.news

XMM-Newton discovers ultrafast black hole wind in Markarian 817

Markarian 817 is the Seyfert 1 galaxy located 430 million light-years away in the constellation Draco. Also known as Mrk 817 or QSO J1436+5847, it hosts an active supermassive black hole of 81 million solar masses.


This artist's impression shows super-fast winds blowing from the center of the galaxy Markarian 817. These winds travel at millions of kilometers per hour and remove interstellar gas from vast regions of space. Without this gas, galaxies cannot form new stars, and the black holes at the galaxies' centers have little left to eat. The inset shows what is happening at the center of the galaxy. A supermassive black hole draws in gas from its surroundings to form a hot, brightly lit accretion disk (orange). The wind (white) is caused by a magnetic field within the disk, which causes particles to fly in all directions at incredibly high speeds. These winds effectively block the X-rays (blue) emitted by the extremely hot plasma surrounding the black hole, called the corona.Zack other. Using his X-ray telescope XMM-Newton at ESA, he captured Markarian 817 blowing out super-fast winds. This wind, which lasts for about a year, will have a major impact on star formation in the galaxy. The fact that black holes at the centers of galaxies exhibited fairly average activity levels before generating winds suggests that supervelocity black hole winds are much more common than previously thought. doing. In other words, black holes and their host galaxies strongly influence each other's evolution. Image credit: ESA / CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO.

At the center of every large galaxy is a supermassive black hole whose enormous gravitational pull pulls in gas from its surroundings.

As the gas spirals inward, it collects in a flat accretion disk around the black hole, where it heats up and glows.

Over time, the gas closest to the black hole passes the point of no return and gets swallowed up.

But black holes consume only a portion of the gas that swirls toward them.

While surrounding the black hole, some matter is bounced back into space, much like a messy toddler spilling everything on his plate.

In a more dramatic episode, a black hole turns the entire table upside down. The gas in the accretion disk is thrown off in all directions at such high velocities that it wipes out the surrounding interstellar gas.

This not only deprives the black hole of food, but also means that new stars cannot form over large areas and the structure of the galaxy changes.

Until now, this ultrafast black hole wind had only been detected as coming from a very bright accretion disk at the limit of its ability to pull in matter.

At this time, ESA's XMM-Newton spacecraft detected superfast winds in Markarian 817, a decidedly average galaxy that could be described as “just having a snack.”

“With the fans on the highest setting, we would expect very fast winds,” said Dr. Miranda Zak, an astronomer at the University of Michigan.

“In the galaxy we studied called Markarian 817, the fans were turned on at a lower power setting, but still produced incredibly energetic winds.”

“It is very rare to observe ultrafast winds, and even rarer to detect winds with enough energy to change the properties of the host galaxy.”

“The fact that Markarian 817 produced these winds for about a year, even though it was not particularly active, suggests that the black hole may have changed the shape of its host galaxy much more than previously thought. “This suggests that there is a sex,” said Roman astronomer Elias Cammun. Tre University.

Active galactic nuclei emit high-energy light, including X-rays. Markarian 817 stood out to astronomers because it was extremely quiet.

“The X-ray signal was so weak that I knew I was doing something wrong,” Zak said.

Follow-up observations using ESA's XMM Newton revealed what was actually happening. The superfast winds from the accretion disk acted like a shroud, blocking the X-rays emitted from the black hole's immediate surroundings.

These measurements were supported by observations made with NASA's NuSTAR telescope.

Detailed analysis of X-ray measurements revealed that Markarian 817's center did not send out a single puff of gas, but instead created a gust of wind storm over a wide area of ​​the accretion disk.

The winds lasted for hundreds of days and consisted of at least three distinct components, each traveling at a few percent of the speed of light.

This solves an unsolved puzzle in understanding how black holes and their surrounding galaxies interact with each other.

Many galaxies, including the Milky Way, appear to have large regions around their centers where few new stars form.

This could be explained by black hole winds sweeping away star-forming gas, but this works only if the winds are fast enough, persist long enough, and are produced by black holes at typical activity levels. limited to cases where

“One of the many unresolved problems in black hole research is the problem of achieving detection through long-term observations over many hours to capture important events,” said Dr. Norbert Schartel, a scientist on the XMM-Newton project. says.

“This highlights the paramount importance of the XMM-Newton mission into the future.”

“No other mission can achieve that combination of high sensitivity and the ability to make long, uninterrupted observations.”

a paper Regarding the survey results, Astrophysics Journal Letter.

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Miranda K. Zackother. 2024. Seyfert 1.2 Markarian 817 Hidden Sub-Eddington Feedback Intense Feedback.APJL 962, L1; doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad1407

Source: www.sci.news

A black hole’s colossal outburst disrupts the entire galaxy’s equilibrium.

We all have bad days, with a monumental striptease here or an expression of anger there, but have you ever thrown a tantrum so bad that it upsets the balance of the entire galaxy?

Well, thanks to you, it turned out like this One particularly badly behaved black hole Observed by XMM-Newton Space Observatory.

If you zoom in on any large galaxy, you’ll find a supermassive black hole that pulls in gas from its surroundings with its immense gravity. As the gas spirals inward, it is squeezed into what is known as an accretion disk, a flat disk of gas orbiting around a massive central object.

Over time, the gas closest to the black hole passes through the point of no return and is essentially chewed up by its immense gravity. However, there’s a twist here. The black hole consumes only a portion of this gas and spits the rest back into space.


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Sometimes, like the naughty black hole discovered by XMM Newton, a black hole doesn’t just spew out a small amount of gas, it spews out its entire meal over hundreds of days. The gas in the accretion disk is thrown off in all directions at such high velocities that it completely wipes out the surrounding interstellar gas.

The effect would be so severe that gas would be blown through space and new stars would no longer be able to form. This completely changes the landscape of the surrounding galaxy where the black hole is found.

Accretion disk surrounding black hole slowly pulls in gas – Credit: European Space Agency

Typically, only black holes with very bright accretion disks spew out gas. These brighter disks typically feature faster “black hole winds” that spew out gas.

“It is extremely rare to observe ultrafast winds, and even rarer to detect winds with enough energy to change the properties of the host galaxy,” the co-authors said. Elias CammonAstronomer at Roma Tre University in Italy.

“The fact that Markarian 817 is [the galaxy in question] These winds occurred for about a year but were not particularly active, suggesting that the black hole may be changing the shape of its host galaxy much more than previously thought. ing. ”

For scientists, this research improves our understanding of how black holes and the galaxies around them interact. Many galaxies appear to have large regions around their centers where few new stars form. This may be explained by the black hole’s wind sweeping away star-forming gas.

read more:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Recent Discovery of Messier 87 Black Hole Supports Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity

In April 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration resolved the central black hole of the giant elliptical galaxy Messier 87 (M 87), known as M87*, the first-ever event horizon-scale black hole. I reported the image. . In a new paper, astronomers present new images of M87* from data collected by the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA), the Greenland Telescope, and several other instruments within the EHT. doing. These new images show the shadow of his M87* as predicted by general relativity. Interestingly, the peak brightness of the ring is shifted by about 30 degrees compared to the first image. This is consistent with the theoretical understanding of fluctuations due to turbulent matter around a black hole.



The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration has released new images of M87* from observations taken in April 2018, one year after the first observations in April 2017. The new observations reveal a familiar bright luminescent ring, the same size as the one originally observed. The brightest part of the ring has moved about 30 degrees to the 5 o'clock position compared to the 2017 image. Image credit: EHT Collaboration.

“A fundamental requirement of science is to be able to reproduce results,” says Dr. Keiichi Asada, an astronomer at the Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica.

“The confirmation of the ring in a completely new data set is a major milestone for our collaboration and a strong indication that we are observing the shadow of a black hole and the matter orbiting around it. .”

An image of M87* taken in 2018 is strikingly similar to what astronomers saw in 2017.

They see bright rings of the same size, with a dark central area and one side of the ring brighter than the other.

Because M87*'s mass and distance do not increase appreciably over a human lifetime, general relativity predicts that the diameter of the ring will remain the same from year to year.

The diameter stability measured in the 2017-2018 images strongly supports the conclusion that M87* is well described by general relativity.

“One of the remarkable properties of a black hole is that its radius strongly depends on only one quantity: its mass,” said Dr. Nitika Yadrapalli-Yurku, a postdoctoral fellow at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

“M87* is not a material that gains mass rapidly, so according to general relativity, its radius will change little throughout human history. We see our data confirm this prediction. That's very interesting.”

Although the size of the black hole's shadow did not change between 2017 and 2018, the location of the brightest region around the ring changed significantly.

The bright area rotated about 30 degrees counterclockwise and settled in the lower right part of the ring, at about the 5 o'clock position.

Historical observations of M87* with less sensitive arrays and a small number of telescopes also show that the shadow structure changes from year to year, but with low precision.

Although the 2018 EHT array cannot yet observe jets emerging from M87*, the black hole's axis of rotation predicted from the location of the brightest region around the ring is more consistent with the axis of jets seen at other wavelengths. Masu.

“The biggest change is that the brightness peak has moved around the ring, which is actually the first time in 2019 that “This is what we predicted when we announced the results.”

“According to general relativity, the size of the ring should remain approximately constant, but radiation from the turbulent and messy accretion disk around the black hole causes the brightest parts of the ring to move toward a common center. It wobbles around you.”

“The amount of wobble observed over time can be used to test theories about the magnetic field and plasma environment around the black hole.”

of new results appear in the diary astronomy and astrophysics.

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Collaboration with Event Horizon Telescope. 2024. The persistent shadow of M 87's supermassive black hole. I. Observation, Calibration, Imaging, and Analysis. A&A 681, A79; doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202347932

Source: www.sci.news