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Researchers Develop AI Tools to Revive Artwork Aged by Time in Just Hours

Posted on June 12, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Throughout history, the effects of wear and tear, along with natural aging, have resulted in oil paintings displaying cracks, discoloration, and peeling pigments, leaving lasting marks.

Repairing such damage is typically reserved for the most treasured artworks, requiring years of meticulous effort. However, a new approach promises to revolutionize this process, enabling the restoration of aging pieces in a matter of hours.

This innovative technique utilizes artificial intelligence and advanced digital tools to create reconstructions of damaged paintings, which are subsequently printed on a transparent polymer sheet and applied over the original artwork.

To showcase this method, Alex Kachin, a graduate researcher from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, undertook the restoration of damaged panels attributed to a master Dutch painter of the late 15th century, whose identity remains unknown, following a piece by Martin Schongauer.

The artwork, rich in detail, is visibly segmented into four panels, marred by fine cracks and speckled with countless tiny paint losses.

“Much of the damage involves small, intricate details,” Kachin noted. “It has been deteriorating for centuries.”

Kachin initiated the process by scanning the painting to ascertain the dimensions, shapes, and locations of the damaged areas, identifying 5,612 individual sections requiring repair.

Following this, a digital mask was created using Adobe Photoshop. Missing paint spots were filled in, with surrounding pigment colors adjusted accordingly. Repairs to patterned sections involved duplicating similar patterns from other areas of the painting. For instance, a missing facial feature of a child was sourced from a different work by the same artist.

Close-ups illustrating the masking results. Photo: Alex Kachin, MIT

Once the mask was complete, it was printed on the polymer sheet and painted over, followed by a varnish application to ensure it harmonized with the painting.

In total, 57,314 colors were utilized to restore the damaged sections. The modifications were crafted to enhance the artwork even if slightly misaligned.

Upon seeing the results, Kachin expressed satisfaction. “We dedicated years to perfecting this method,” he remarked. “It was a significant relief to realize that this approach enabled us to reconstruct and piece together the surviving parts of the painting.”

This approach, as detailed in Nature, can only be applied to works featuring a smooth varnish that allows for flat application. The mask can be removed using conservator solvents without leaving marks on the original piece.

Kachin envisions this technique facilitating galleries in restoring and showcasing numerous damaged paintings that might otherwise lack the value warranting traditional restoration efforts.

Nonetheless, he recognizes the ethical considerations surrounding the use of film overlays on paintings, questioning whether they might disrupt the viewing experience and the appropriateness of features derived from other works.

In a related commentary, Professor Hartmut Kutzke from the Museum of Cultural History at the University of Oslo emphasized that this method enables quicker and more cost-effective recovery of damaged artworks compared to conventional methods.

“This technique is likely best suited for relatively low-value pieces kept in less visible locations, and may not be appropriate for renowned, high-value artworks,” he noted. “However, it could significantly increase public access to the arts, bringing damaged pieces out of storage and into the view of new audiences.”

Experts Warn: Hurricanes Are Intensifying – Time for a New Category

Posted on June 8, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

As the Atlantic hurricane season kicks off, millions are anxiously monitoring forecasts and looking for telltale signs of impending storms.

This year promises to be particularly severe. Ocean temperatures remain exceptionally high, and conditions in the Pacific are set to amplify Atlantic storm activity.

However, beyond the immediate forecasts, a more profound and surprising phenomenon is unfolding with tropical cyclones globally.

With rising global temperatures driven by human actions, climate change is reshaping our understanding of storms that batter coastlines. These storms are becoming wetter, more intense, and sometimes extraordinarily powerful. The current classification system for these storms is quickly becoming obsolete.

Indeed, it has been noted that Category 5 hurricanes (the most intense classification on the Saffir-Simpson scale) may no longer represent the upper limit. Future storms could necessitate an entirely new category.

“This is a discussion that has occurred several times, and I believe it is a valid argument,” says Dr. Tom Matthews, a senior lecturer in environmental geography at King’s College London. BBC Science Focus.

“We’ve expanded to Category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson scale, so using the term Category 5 is misleading, and we do need a new category.”

How are hurricanes classified?

Hurricanes are currently classified using the Saffir-Simpson scale, which is based on sustained wind speeds.

Category 1 – 74-95 mph (119-153 km/h). Very dangerous winds cause minor damage.
Category 2 – 96-110 mph (154-177 km/h). Very dangerous winds cause significant damage.
Category 3 – 111-129 mph (178-208 km/h). Catastrophic damage occurs.
Category 4 – 130-156 mph (209-251 km/h). Catastrophic damage occurs.
Category 5 – Over 157 mph (over 252 km/h). Catastrophic damage occurs.

However, climate change is pushing storms far beyond these established limits. Hurricane Patricia recorded wind speeds of 215 mph in 2015. Hurricane Dorian in 2019 hovered over the Bahamas with wind speeds of 185 mph.

Additionally, Typhoon Haiyan, highlighted by Matthews as a prime example of these next-generation storms, struck the Philippines in 2013 with sustained winds of 195 mph (314 km/h), with gusts reaching up to 220 mph (354 km/h).

These storms are unlike any we have experienced before.

Devastation following Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. – Getty

How is climate change impacting hurricanes?

One might expect that as the planet warms, the number of hurricanes will increase. However, the situation is more nuanced.

“The upper atmosphere warms faster than the lower atmosphere, creating stability that resists the vertical movements essential for hurricane formation,” explains Matthews.

Hurricanes depend on rising air, but a heated atmosphere can suppress this necessary upward movement, making it more difficult to initiate a hurricane.

“It’s akin to trying to lift a hot air balloon when the surrounding atmosphere is warmer than the burner inside the balloon,” Matthews elaborates.

“Another apt analogy is that the atmospheric lid above convection—the vertical movement needed to kickstart a hurricane—is becoming stronger, impeding hurricane development.”

This translates to reduced chances of hurricane formation. Nonetheless, when they do occur, they tend to exhibit explosive intensity.

Mathews provides another perspective: “A hurricane serves as a mechanism for redistributing heat from the ocean to the atmosphere. More heat is needed to initiate a hurricane.”

“This could mean they are less frequent, but when they do occur, they pack a significant punch.”

Moreover, rising sea levels mean that even storms of similar intensity can push further inland, causing greater damage. “Unfortunately, this is an unavoidable reality,” Matthews concludes.

Why is a new category necessary?

The classification of tropical cyclones is not merely an organizational tool; it is crucial for understanding the evolving nature of storms. With storm intensity rising, the current five-level classification may be insufficient for effective assessment.

Even within Category 5, there exists a vast range that can mislead and obstruct preparedness efforts.

“What may seem like a minor change, especially in wind speeds, can correspond to significant differences in damage.”

This dynamic is amplified because the force of wind impacting an object relates to the square of its speed, and the resulting power grows proportionally. In simple terms, what may seem like a minor acceleration can lead to catastrophic consequences on the ground.

“What may appear to be a slight change can cause substantial damage. This is especially problematic when structures are designed to withstand specific wind speeds but are exceeded.”

This is a serious warning. With ongoing climate change, the strongest storms are intensifying, and our longstanding classification system may no longer suffice.

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About our experts

Tom Matthews serves as a senior lecturer in environmental geography at King’s College London, UK. His research delves into extreme meteorological environments and events. He has worked extensively in mountainous regions, such as the Himalayas, where he has been instrumental in setting up state-of-the-art weather stations on Mount Everest. His studies on severe extratropical cyclones and combined events have furthered the understanding of extreme humid thermal events and their prospective changes due to climate warming.

Kalian Bradley from Time Ministry Discusses Time’s Calien Bradley

Posted on May 30, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

“I must set some rules for how time travel operates”… Kaliane Bradley

DreamcatcherDiana/Shutterstock

Concept of time distortion. Hypnotic clock with chains swaying above the clouds. — “I must set some rules for how time travel operates”… Kaliane Bradley

DreamcatcherDiana/Shutterstock

The awkward reality about time travel in my novels; Time Saving started as a mere device to thrust Victorian naval officers into the modern era, allowing them to grapple with washing machines and athletes. The initial concept was: “What if your favorite polar explorer resides in your home?”—he had to arrive in one of two ways. I could either freeze Graham Gore, the icebound captain, for 200 years in Arctic stasis or find a route to drag him into semi-obscurity in London. Of the two options, the latter required significantly less effort.

Even the early drafts of the book lacked a serious take on time travel consequences. The published work shows a government agency investigating historical “foreigners” to determine if time travel warps their body and mind. Initially, the narrative opens in medias res, depicting a baffled Gore asking the narrator how a refrigerator functions. The sequence of action and reaction was far from a priority for me; I simply aimed to amuse my friends.

However, as I continued writing, I realized the necessity of establishing guidelines for time travel mechanics, since comedy benefits from a defined universe. (It’s no joke—thrillers need stakes. A lack of tension is neither exciting nor engaging.) The primary rule: foreigners cannot return (or so the ministry claims). The ministry also doesn’t have the authority to leap forward (likewise). Expatriates have one-way tickets only. This framework was essential for the humor to resonate, explaining why dashing Gore and his reluctant companions were forced to cohabitate. If he could always return home, what significance would their increasingly complicated coexistence hold?

Time Saving is fundamentally a book about time travel, where such occurrences are rare. Across more than 350 pages, it happens only once. I often describe it as a narrative about people navigating bureaucracy in various settings. It’s astounding that readers embraced it.

I had to reflect on the implications for Gore and the other foreigners while adhering to this rule during writing. Moreover, even if they did travel, it would lead to their demise. To preserve the timeline, the ministry selects individuals who are destined to die, ensuring that their absence won’t alter history. Naturally, these foreigners shy away from returning to plague-ridden London or the Battle of the Somme or John Franklin’s ill-fated 1845 Arctic expedition. Who would want to revisit places where they met their end? Yet, they are also reluctant to feel like outsiders in a foreign land. Thus, I portrayed them as refugees.

At this point, I began to take my novels more earnestly. My obsession with the real figure of Graham Gore deepened, as I sought to imagine his life, thoughts, and emotions. I delved into periodicals and literature from his era, attempting to understand how he perceived the world—a world that I now see through different lenses based on location. Increasingly, I endeavored to capture the emotional and psychological essence of being a refugee in a system that treats you as grateful, obedient, and useful.

Concurrently, I sought to comprehend the ministry itself. I began crafting this book amid the fall of 2021, inspired by a decade of the UK’s hostile environment policy. Did the government genuinely believe that giving the means for time travel would result in a welcoming of asylum seekers? This theme echoes throughout the book, prompting readers to consider whether it’s a form of time travel.

Thus, my book is not a scientific exploration of time travel’s mechanics, but rather a narrative journey—a story about traveling through time. I genuinely believe that all fiction embodies time travel; it traverses through distinct timelines, a cherished gift of preserved moments we can revisit, stepping back into a past that hasn’t yet happened.

Kaliane Bradley’s

Time Saving

The newest selection for the New Scientist Book Club. Join us and read along
here.

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West Nile Virus Identified in British Mosquito for the First Time

Posted on May 21, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

A fragment of the virus has been identified in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Nottinghamshire, UK

IMV/ISTOCKPHOTO/GETTY IMAGES

The West Nile virus, marking the first potential fatal mosquito-borne disease in the UK, has been identified for the first time.

The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has announced that its research collaboration with the Animal and Plant Health Agency has Afa successfully identified a “fragment” of the virus in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected from the marshlands along the Idol River in Nottinghamshire in July 2023, indicating that these insects are carriers of pathogens.

According to Alanfolly from Apha, the virus was discovered somewhat by chance during routine testing by his team. He notes that further screenings will take place around that area later this year. Interestingly, Nottinghamshire typically does not fall into Afa’s primary testing regions, which are mostly centered in southern and eastern England, where warmer climates increase the likelihood of infections such as West Nile.

Humans and horses can become infected with the West Nile virus through mosquito bites. Approximately 20% of infected individuals exhibit symptoms such as fever, headaches, body aches, vomiting, and diarrhea. In rare instances, the virus can lead to severe inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, which can be fatal. Currently, there are no approved vaccines for humans.

UKHSA has reported the virus’s presence only in two mosquito samples, with no current evidence suggesting that humans or horses are infected in the UK. The organization’s assessment indicates a very low risk to the public, but healthcare professionals are advised to test encephalitis patients for unexplained causes.

“This is the first identification of the West Nile virus in British mosquitoes, though it doesn’t come as a surprise given the virus’s ongoing spread across Europe,” stated Meera Chand from UKHSA.

The West Nile virus has been increasingly observed in Africa, Europe, and North America. In Europe, recent years have seen its northern spread, reaching the Netherlands in 2020.

Factors contributing to the spread of the West Nile virus include elevated spring and summer temperatures, summer droughts, and milder winters, all of which are becoming more prevalent in Northern Europe. Although APHA has not detected the West Nile virus in mosquitoes or birds for 2024, the recent warm weather in the UK could change that. “We had an unusually warm May,” Folly noted. “If there is another case, we may see it in the coming weeks. This is just the beginning; more cases could follow.”

British researchers have been vigilant for the West Nile virus since 2020 when a related mosquito-borne virus (USUTU) was first found in London. The West Nile virus shares similar transmission characteristics with USUTU and requires comparable environmental conditions.

“I wouldn’t be surprised at all,” stated Matthew Baylis from the University of Liverpool. “I’ve been expecting this to happen every year. I believe that the West Nile virus will eventually be detected in the UK.”

He suggested that the virus likely arrived in the UK via birds and is probably circulating among various mosquito species in the region. However, he reassured that there is no immediate cause for alarm. “The risk remains low for most people. While a few horses are susceptible to West Nile disease, it’s quite rare,” he added.

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How Your Name Influences the Shape of Your Face Over Time

Posted on May 4, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Suggestions for parents struggling to choose a name for their little one. Because, new research indicates that a name could influence your facial appearance.

The recent study was inspired by the “face-name matching effect.” This phenomenon highlights how well individuals can match a person’s face to their name from a list of options.

This opens up various possibilities: parents may observe their baby’s face and intuitively select a name that aligns with its appearance. Alternatively, our names might subtly influence how we look, making them recognizable to others.

National statistics show that Olivia and Noah remain the most popular baby names in both the US and the UK. – Photo credit: Getty

A team of researchers from Israel explored these two ideas through a series of studies conducted in 2024.

In one study, participants matched the names of adults and children to their corresponding faces. Results showed participants could name adults accurately but struggled with children.

This implies that our identities evolve over time, leading us to resemble the names we are given at birth.

Another study employed machine learning to compare facial similarities among individuals sharing the same name versus those who do not.

Findings indicated that adults with identical names exhibited increased facial similarities, unlike children. This supports the theory that we gradually align with our names as we age.

But do our names truly shape our facial features? Researchers suggest that individuals often adopt stereotypes associated with their names, influencing their behavior and, consequently, their appearances over the years.

For instance, a boy named “Tyler,” which carries a masculine connotation in certain cultures, might internalize those traits, participate in sports, and develop a confident demeanor, gradually shaping a more athletic appearance.

Conversely, negative stereotypes linked to names can adversely affect experiences. For example, if a teacher associates a name with misbehavior, it may lead to biased treatment of the child.

These insights align with previous research indicating that names markedly influence personal experiences.

For example, individuals with less common names (like Kevin and Alexander; a 2011 German study) often struggle in online dating. Similarly, names like Cindy and Chantal may yield less help from strangers compared to more common names like Sophie and Marie.

Some studies even suggest that individuals with unique names may be more likely to pursue unconventional careers.

This article addresses the question posed by Luke Gillespie of Sunderland: “Does your name affect your physical appearance?”

Please email us to submit your questions at Question@sciencefocus.com or Message Facebook, Twitter or Instagram Page (don’t forget to include your name and location).

Check out our ultimate Fun Facts and more amazing science pages.

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Grayscale and Prune Algorithm: “Digital Nutritionist” Provides Tips for Reducing Screen Time

Posted on May 3, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

A professor, now regarded as a “digital nutritionist,” suggests that disabling the color on your phone and dedicating 30 minutes a week to pruning your online feeds can enhance consumers’ control over their digital media consumption.

These strategies, termed grayscale and algorithmic tolerance, are part of Dr. Kaitlyn Regehr’s many recommendations. She is an associate professor at the University of London and a prominent authority on digital literacy.

While much of the conversation centers on social media’s negative effects on children, Regehr’s focus is on combating digital illiteracy among parents, empowering them to better understand and use their children’s devices safely and effectively.

In her upcoming book, Smartphone Nation, Regehr advises taking an initial step by performing a digital “walkthrough” of your preferred app alongside friends and family.

“Switching your phone to GreyScale is one of the easiest and quickest methods to grasp how colors and images impact your user experience,” she notes. “This experience allows you to feel the addictive nature of these devices through their visual elements.”

Users can find instructions for this feature in Google Help for Android devices or Apple Support for iPhones.

On the flip side, algorithm resistance focuses on taking charge of the algorithm rather than allowing it to dictate your preferences. Thus, Regehr advocates for being deliberate about what you wish to see in your feed, and filtering out unwanted content for 30 minutes each week.

“When I had concerns about my family’s digital consumption… I struggled to find adequate guidance,” Regehr shares in her book. “I developed a framework to help myself and my family navigate the digital landscape. I came to see myself as a digital nutritionist.”

In a conversation with the Guardian, she expressed her support for school smartphone bans and initiatives promoting a smartphone-free childhood, but highlighted the necessity for more education to encourage families to think critically about their digital choices.

“Even if parents postpone giving their children smartphones until they are 15, they will still turn 16. It’s essential to equip them with the tools to navigate this environment effectively,” she emphasized. “Education on how these devices operate is crucial.”

Her forthcoming book, “Why Are We All Obsessed with the Screen and What You Can Do About It,” aims to bridge this knowledge gap, with new educational resources set to be introduced in schools later this month.

As per the UK’s first national survey, nearly all schools in the country have implemented a ban on mobile phone usage during school hours.

Driven by worries regarding children’s mental health, attention span, and online safety, a survey of over 15,000 schools revealed that 99.8% of primary schools and 90% of secondary schools enforce some form of ban.

“I advocate for my efforts towards a smartphone-free childhood,” stated Regehr, who directs the digital humanities program at UCL and previously explored the rapid amplification of extreme misogynistic content through social media algorithms. “My concern is that enforcing the ban can lead schools and lawmakers to feel complacent, believing they’ve fulfilled their responsibilities.”

Dedicated to two young girls, Regehr’s book aims to prompt a cultural shift. “I aspire to reflect on our generation as being less healthy and more skillfully ensnared, akin to looking back on previous norms like smoking in delivery rooms and not using seatbelts.”

“My aim is to foster cultural change to ensure their lives are better. This represents the largest threat to their health and well-being, and that is the challenge I wish to tackle. I believe change is possible; people simply need access to information.”

Smartphone Nation: Why We’re All Obsessed with Screens and What You Can Do by Dr. Kaitlyn Regehr is set to be published by Bluebird on May 15th.

Ronan the Sea Lion: Keeping Time Better Than Humans

Posted on May 2, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Ronan, the sea lion, continues to keep the rhythm even after all these years.

She can create grooves with rocks and electronic music. However, her talent truly shines as she bobs along to classic hits like “Boogie Wonderland.”

“She’s absolutely nailing it,” said Peter Cook, a behavioral neuroscientist at the University of Florida, who has dedicated a decade to studying Ronan’s rhythmic talents, observing her shake her head in sync with tempo changes.

While many animals lack the ability to recognize the beat, humans, parrots, and some primates can. Ronan, however, is prompting scientists to reconsider what music means.

Rescued years ago, she rocketed to fame about a decade ago when researchers highlighted her musical abilities. Since she was three, she has called the Ocean Institute at the University of California, Santa Cruz her home, where she has assisted researchers, including Cook, in recognizing rhythms.

Ronan is part of a group of remarkable animals, including cockatoos, challenging the long-held belief that only humans excel in responding to music and identifying beats.

Notably, Ronan learned to dance to the beat without needing to learn how to sing or produce music.

“Previously, it was thought that only vocal learners, like humans and parrots, could discern beats,” noted Hugo Merchant, a researcher at the Institute of Neurobiology in Mexico.

However, after Ronan became a star, questions emerged regarding her sustained abilities. Was her previous acclaim a fluke? Could she even outperform humans in maintaining the beat?

A chef and fellow researchers devised a plan to tackle this question. Their findings, detailed in new research published in the journal Scientific Reports, confirm that Ronan remains a star.

This time, researchers focused on lab tempos using percussion instruments, rather than recorded music. During the study, Ronan shook her head to three distinct tempos: 112, 120, and 128 beats per minute. These tempos were unfamiliar to her, enabling scientists to test her adaptability to new rhythms.

Ten university students participated in a similar task, showcasing their abilities as well.

Ronan emerged as the top performer.

“No one outperformed Ronan across the various tests for beat keeping,” Cook shared, adding, “she’s significantly improved since childhood.”

Hencan Horning, a music cognition researcher at the University of Amsterdam and not involved in the study, stated that the findings reinforce Ronan’s status as one of the leading examples of animal musicality.

Researchers plan to train and evaluate other sea lions. Cook believes others might also have beat-keeping abilities, but Ronan remains a standout star performer.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Time for a re-evaluation: What does true happiness entail?

Posted on April 19, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The annual publication was once again seen in March this year, the World Happiness Report. Latest International Rankings show that Finland is number one, with several other Nordic countries dominating the top 10.

There are always skeptics, including many Finnish people, who question the validity and significance of the data in this report. Rankings are based on a single question asking people to rate their quality of life on a 10-point scale, which may not be the most rigorous research approach.

But if this method is not the right way to measure happiness, then what is? This question is more complex than expected, as it is challenging to scientifically define happiness, despite everyone understanding it and striving to achieve it.

You may assume that happiness is simply an emotion. However, defining emotions, including happiness, is equally difficult.

Most dictionaries define happiness as a “sense of well-being.” While this definition seems accurate, it does not provide substantial information. The meaning of happiness varies slightly, with many associating it with joy. Happiness is perceived as an emotion felt when experiencing joy.

However, joy can be triggered by various experiences, including sad music, scary movies, and tragic stories – not necessarily happy situations. Despite individual preferences, people can experience pleasure in emotional states that are not conventionally happy.

Another concept often linked to happiness is satisfaction. Many can relate to the feeling of contentment when everything falls into place. This feeling undoubtedly contributes to happiness.

On the other hand, happiness can also manifest as ecstasy, excitement, and whimsical delight. Individuals in this state are undeniably happy. Both satisfaction and ecstasy represent forms of happiness, although they are inherently different.

Satisfaction is presented as a form of happiness produced by stress removal – Photo credit: Getty

Understanding happiness involves multiple brain processes. While joy can be triggered by reward pathways, it is not the sole determinant of happiness. Neuroscience data suggests that there is no specific “happiness center” in the human brain. Instead, happiness is a generalized term encompassing various positive experiences and emotions.

Happiness can also result from reducing or eliminating stress-induced brain activity. This is why alcohol, for example, is often used to alleviate stress and induce feelings of happiness. By suppressing certain parts of the brain responsible for worry and stress, alcohol can create a sense of relief and happiness.

Happiness can result from reduced brain stress – Photo credit: Getty

One theory suggests that satisfaction stems from stress relief, while ecstasy, joy, and happiness result from heightened stimulation in the brain’s reward pathway. However, this is only a partial explanation, as the brain’s complexity surpasses such simplistic categorizations.

The 2025 World Happiness Report focused on attributes like empathy and kindness. Given humans’ social nature, these qualities play a significant role in happiness. Empathy and connection with others contribute to overall happiness, highlighting the importance of kindness and belonging.

Empathy and validation, while essential for happiness, can also present challenges. Despite possessing wealth, power, and security, individuals may still feel unhappy if they lack social acceptance. Happiness is deeply intertwined with human relationships and emotional connections.

Measuring happiness is a complex task, especially in scientific terms. However, this complexity should not deter individuals from pursuing happiness in their lives, regardless of how it is defined.

Eyes witness new hues for the first time

Posted on April 19, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Our retina may be made to see the vibrant shades of blue-green

Mikecs images/aramie

Five people witnessed a strong green colour that has never been seen in humans before, thanks to devices that could allow them to experience typical vision.

It recognizes color through the retina behind the eyes. This absorbs each of three types of photodetector cone cells (called S, M, L) that usually absorb the blue, green, or red ranges and send signals to the brain. When you see something on the blue-green edge of the visible spectrum, there is a overlap in the wavelengths you detect, which activates at least two types of cone cells simultaneously.

ren ng At the University of California, Berkeley, I wondered what colour people perceived, whether or not only one type of cone is activated in this part of the spectrum. He was inspired by a device called the OZ, developed by other researchers studying how the eyes work, using lasers that can stimulate single cone cells.

Ng and his colleagues, including the scientist who built the OZ, upgraded the device so they could supply light to a small square patch of about 1,000 cone cells in the retina. Stimulating a single cone cell does not produce enough signals to induce color perception, says Ng.

Researchers tested five upgraded versions, only stimulating M-cones in this small area of one eye, while the other eye was closed. Participants said they saw the blue-green colour the researchers called Oro. “It’s difficult to explain. It’s very wonderful,” says NG who also saw Oro.

To confirm these results, participants underwent a color matching test. I looked at the second colour until it matches as closely as possible the olo and the second colour that each could tune into any shade on the standard visible spectrum via the dial. They all dialed until it turned violent blue-green.

In another part of the experiment, participants used the dial to add white light to either the oro or the vibrant teal until it was closer to match. All participants diluted Oro. This supports more intense among the two shades.

Andrew Stockman At University College, London describes the study as “a kind of fun,” but with potential medical consequences. For example, the device can one day allow people with red-green color blindness to experience typical vision, which is difficult to distinguish between these colors. This is because conditions can be caused by both M and L cones, which are activated by light wavelengths with very similar states. Stockman said this should be tested in exams, but if you stimulate one more than others, people could be able to see a wider range of shades.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzpog9h8hlo

The Giant Squid Captured on Film for the First Time at a Live Show

Posted on April 18, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Boy Giant squid (Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni) filmed vividly in the environment by a team of marine biologists aboard Schmidt Ocean Institute’s R/V Falkor (Too) in waters off the Southern Sandwich Islands.

Giant squid (Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni) in its natural habitat. Image credit: Schmidt Ocean Institute.

Also known as the Antarctic Crunch Squid or Giant Squid, the Giant Squid is a member of the Glass Squid Family Cranchiidae.

The species can be up to 10-14 m long and weighs up to 500-700 kg, making it the heaviest invertebrate on the planet.

Little is known about their life cycle, but in the end they lose the see-through look of the boy.

Dr. Kat Bolstad, a researcher at Auckland Institute of Technology, said:

“For 100 years, prey remains in the stomachs of whales and seabirds, and we mostly encountered them as harvested teeth predators.”

A giant squid with a long 30 cm larvae was videotaped at a depth of 600 m by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Subathian March 9, 2025.

“It’s incredible that we can leverage the power of taxonomic communities. R/V Falkor (Too) “The University of Essex researcher, Dr. Michelle Taylor, and the expedition chief scientist, said:

Furthermore, on January 25th, 2025, the previous team Folcole (too) Photographed by the expedition First confirmed video of Glacier glass squid (Galiteuthis glacialis) in the South Ocean near Antarctica.

Galiteuthis glacialis is another glass squid species that has never been seen lively in natural environments before.

“One of the most distinctive features of the giant squid is the presence of a hook in the center of the eight arms. Galiteuthis glacialis said Dr. Aaron Evans, an independent expert in the glass squid family.

“If not, then the boy’s giant squid and Galiteuthis glacialis It is similar, with a transparent body and sharp hook at the end of two long tentacles. ”

Dr. Jyoticavilmani, executive director of Schmidt Ocean Institute, said:

“Fortunately, we caught a high-resolution image of these creatures so that world experts who weren’t on board could identify both species.”

Source: www.sci.news

A Giant Squid Captured on Video for the First Time Swimming Almost 2,000 Feet Below the Ocean’s Surface

Posted on April 17, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The giant squid, the world’s heaviest invertebrate, was captured in a video of itself swimming in the deep sea for the first time since it was identified a century ago.

The video was recorded on March 9th The Schmidt Ocean Institute said in a news release by an international team of scientists and crew on an expedition near the Southern Sandwich Islands in the South Atlantic.

Scientifically named Mesonychoteuthis Hamiltoni, the squid was a long-time boy nearly a foot long, the release said. It was 1,968 feet deep when scientists and crew members of the Institute’s Forcole research vessel filmed the video on a remotely operated vehicle called Subastein.

The remotely operated vehicle Subastaian will be retrieved on the research vessel Forcol.
Alex Ingle/Schmidt Ocean Institute

“It’s exciting to see first in situ”We’ve been working hard to get the better of our customers,” said Kat Bolstad of Auckland Institute of Technology.

Bolstad was one of the scientific experts who helped verify the video.

“For 100 years, we mostly encountered them as harvested teeth predators, as prey remains mainly in the stomachs of whales and seabirds,” she said.

The squid was officially identified and named in 1925, but up until now, no one could have seen it lively on camera.

The squid is estimated to grow up to 23 feet long and weigh as much as 1,100 pounds, the institute said. Little is known about the life cycle, but as adults, they lose their transparent body.

A giant squid should not be confused with a giant squid. Natural History Museums in London. Both are giant cephalopods but belong to various families of squid. Giant squids have much longer tentacles, while giant squids have much larger bodies with shorter tentacles.

Bolstad and Aaron Evans, independent experts in the glass squid who helped validate the video, said the giant squid has distinctive properties, including a hook in the middle of its eight arms.

So far, ROV Subastein from the Institute has filmed the first confirmed video of at least four squid species in the wild, including last year’s Promachoteuthis and Ram’s Horn Squid in 2020.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Spending Time Without Screens: How Can I Connect with My Husband Again? |Family

Posted on April 11, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

My husband is with his IP, Advertisement or his phone. That’s the last thing he does before going to bed and the first thing he attends to in the morning.

We have toddlers and are pretty good at sharing childcare, but the moment we show up after work, he gets me.pad out. It grabs me more than I can say (especially if I’m eating the dinner I’ve cooked). Parenting is lonely and boring, and I think he likes to relax at the end of the day, but I hope we spend time together as a family.

I know that there’s nothing sexier and more fun than devices designed by a lot of rich people silicon. I’m a volleyball expert, but I try so hard not to be on my phone all the time with my kids, as I don’t want it to impact them negatively. The phone seems more important to him than spending time with me. We thought we were on the same page about this, but it appears that my partner doesn’t see the disconnect between “our kids aren’t getting an iPad” and “I’ll be on mine all the time.”

I feel like I’m becoming more isolated, and I don’t know how to address it. Despite my love for him and thinking he is kind, fun, and cheerful, I miss having a relationship without the constant device presence.

In rare cases, we have a date night away from the baby, and he spends time with me without reaching for his phone. It was amazing, and I desire more of these moments in our daily lives. I want to establish some boundaries, but there never seems to be a good time to discuss it since we are always tired. How can I request one screen-free night a week together?

Eleanor says: I see multiple issues here. The screen use is affecting your connection with each other and potentially your child. When he falls into an iPad Vortex, it may feel like he’s bringing work home. There’s also the challenge of finding the right time to address this, but he may not realize how you feel unless you communicate your concerns to him.

It appears that each screen use case may require a tailored approach to resolve.

It’s easy to assume that once the screen is out of the equation, everything will return to normal. However, in today’s age, there is a new void created when we push away the iPad, where old hobbies and social connections used to exist.

On the flip side, excessive screen use can lead to neglecting other aspects of life. When we put down the screens, it might feel like we are waiting for something that never comes. This realization can lead to a sense of emptiness. By immersing in screens, we may inadvertently isolate ourselves from non-screen activities.

I believe the antidote to excessive screen use isn’t just avoiding screens but engaging in activities outside the digital realm that make screens seem less appealing.

You might find it helpful to propose positive alternatives for the various aspects of your lives. Not only should you aim for screen-free nights, but also plan concrete activities – games, outings, or movies that you both enjoy. Don’t just focus on avoiding the screen with your kids; think about creating meaningful experiences together.

Even activities that were once considered recreational – like date nights, movie nights, or reading to your kids – may feel burdensome due to screen immersion. Instead of considering them as chores, view them as opportunities to connect and recharge.

Given his willingness to abstain from the phone on date nights, it seems like he values your time together. If not, expressing your feelings about missing him and cherishing the moments spent with him, even when tired and stressed, could be enlightening. It’s evident how much you appreciate his company.

Asking him to reduce screen time shouldn’t feel like an imposition. Instead, it can be a way of showing him your love for spending time together. This could serve as a gentle reminder of the connection you share beyond the digital realm. Communicate your feelings, and it may pave the way for a positive change.

Ask Eleanor

Over time, US Congress speeches have become increasingly devoid of evidence

Posted on April 10, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Congressional speeches have shifted to not based on evidence

volodymyr tverdokhlib/alamy

The language used by US Congress members in the debate has increasingly included words like “fake,” and “suspectful” for words like “proof,” and “reason.”

This linguistic trend, away from evidence in support of intuition, was revealed in an artificial intelligence analysis of millions of Congress speech transcripts. It also says it coincides with both the larger political polarization in Congress and the decline in the number of laws enacted through Congress. Stephen Lewandowski At the University of Bristol, UK.

“We can think of the truth as something that can be achieved based on an analysis of evidence, or we can think of it as the result of intuition or “gut sensation,” says Lewandowsky. “The concepts of integrity and truth are expressed in how we use everyday language.”

Adapting the ready-made AI language model, Lewandowsky and his colleagues analyzed the words used in the transcripts of eight million council speeches given between 1879 and 2022. They then calculated scores indicating whether a particular parliamentary speech was leaning towards evidence or intuition.

They found that since the 1970s, Congress has increasingly supported languages based on intuition rather than evidence-based languages. Before that, in the golden age of 1899-1901, and in the Great Repression of 1933-1935, intuitive language also skyrocketed.

“The findings fit the other impressions of anti-intellectualism, populism and rejection of science experts over the last decades.” John Jost At New York University.

The specific strength of the research is not only tracking frequency, but also assessing the context in which the words are displayed, he says Renata Nemet At the University of Eötvös Loránd, Hungary. “These models can capture deeper and often subtle connections between words, even reflecting cultural meanings and social relationships,” she says.

Second, Lewandowsky and his colleagues will look for similar language shifts for individual lawmakers in both Congress speeches and social media posts. They also seek to compare similar trends among other parliaments throughout history, including speeches from lawmakers from Italy and Germany.

topic:

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Trump gives Tiktok more time to finalize trading deal

Posted on April 4, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

President Trump has granted Tiktok another extension, pushing back the deadline for the popular app to make a deal regarding its Chinese ownership or face a US ban.

With the Saturday deadline looming, Tiktok now has an additional 75 days to find new owners who will comply with federal laws requiring structural changes to address national security concerns, setting a new deadline in mid-June.

This latest delay marks the second time President Trump has intervened in the Tiktok situation this year, having previously suspended enforcement of the law in January despite unanimous Supreme Court support.

In a post on Truth Social on Friday, Trump mentioned that the deal requires more work to secure necessary approvals, expressing his desire to avoid a dark outcome and stating his intention to collaborate with Tiktok and China to finalize the deal.

Trump’s recent actions highlight the ongoing complexity of the Tiktok situation. Despite concerns raised by lawmakers and US officials about Tiktok’s safety, the app has solidified its position as a cultural powerhouse.

The extensions raise questions about Trump’s willingness to prioritize presidential authority over the rule of law. The federal law aimed at changing Tiktok’s ownership and imposing a ban was passed last year with wide bipartisan support, only to be effectively nullified when Trump suspended its enforcement in January.

For now, Tiktok will continue operating in the US for the foreseeable future. The app came back to life in January after a temporary shutdown around the time the federal law came into effect.

Tiktok has not yet responded to requests for comment.

Source: www.nytimes.com

Shenmue Named Most Influential Video Game of All Time in BAFTA Poll

Posted on April 3, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

IT is a game about love and identity, but there is also Forklift track races. It’s a game about bloody revenge, but while you’re waiting for retaliation, you can buy lottery tickets and visit the arcade. When BAFTA recently asked gamers to vote for the most influential game of all time, it’s unclear whether even the most enthusiastic Sega fans have gambled on the success of the singular Dreamcast adventure from 1999.

How did this happen, especially given that the game is considered a financial failure at release? It won’t be able to recoup the incredible development costs of that time (for the reported $70 million, you’ll now get about a third of Horizon’s banned West or Star Wars outlaws). Well, nostalgia is interesting. So is the concept of cultural influence. When it was released over 20 years ago, Shenmew was a strange thing. This is an open world role-playing adventure that follows martial arts student Ryozuki in search of revenge for his father’s murder. But there were plenty of fights and puzzles, but there were plenty more. The game used an internal clock to switch between day and night and cycled through seasons. In many cases, Ryo had to kill time by wandering the Yokoshiro streets in the mid-1980s, as people needed to speak (or beat) (or beat) at certain times were available. You can go to the shop, play old Sega Arcade games and visit the hot dog stands. The world was filled with quirky characters and odd mini-games, including the aforementioned forklift race.

What players also enjoyed was the systematic and strangeness of the story. While designer Suzuki spent the 1980s, he had made some of the best arcade games of all time including Burner and Outrun after Hang On, he was a stickler for credibility and simulation. He also loved experimenting with gameplay conventions. Shenmew has led to the adoption of quick time events. This is a highly choreographed action scene in which the player determines the action by following a specific button prompt. For example, it was controversial, but interesting. Even in the game, players are pretty wooden voice acting and closed clipped conversations. To this day, the idea of Ryo wandering through the dock asks, “Do you know where I can find the sailor?” For those who know it, it’s comedy gold.

This was the first time an epic, immersive role-playing adventure has been portrayed in elements of life simulations and dating games to expand a player’s interactive repertoire. Later titles such as Grand Theft Auto III expand on this idea, but it can be said that the concept of a living, exploreable world came from Shenmuye and seasoned everything that continued from Assassin’s Creed to Skyrim.

Shenmew won the sequel and then the third title to close the trilogy. I was at video game event E3 in 2015 when Yu appeared on stage at a Sony press conference and announced that the Shenmue III was in development. It was a pandemonium. Certainly, Super Mario Bros. is more influential as they popularized the concept of platformers and video game mascot characters. It’s a destiny, as it made first-person shooter games the most important genre in PC games. But I like the fact that Shenmue won, I love Sega and it’s not just because I edited the Dreamcast magazine of the time. That’s because it shows that gamers still enjoy the weird and exotic games. If so, there will be some weird and exotic games. In Shenmuye’s non-gi-sama kids’ success, it certainly shows that action, dating and stupid games still have hilarious effects, like Yakuza and Dragon games.

I like to stop fighting for a moment, head to the dock and think that players looking for sailors are always happy.

Bafta largely Influence video game all Complete time list

1. Shenmew (1999)

2. Doom (1993)

3. Super Mario Bros. (1985)

4. Half-Life (1998)

5. The Legend of Zelda: The Ocarina of Time (1998)

6. Minecraft (2011)

7. Kingdom Come: Rescue II (2025)

8. Super Mario 64 (1996)

9. Half-Life2 (2004)

10. Sims (2000)

11. Tetris (1984)

12. Tomb Raider (1996)

13. Pong (1972)

14. MetalGear Solid (1998)

15. Worldof Warcraft (2004)

16. Baldur’sGate III (2023)

17. Final Fantasy VII (1997)

18. Dark Souls (2011)

19. Grand Theft Auto III (2001)

20. Skyrim (2011)

twenty one. Grand Theft Auto (1997)

Webb captures Aurorae on Neptune for the first time while detecting trihydrogen

Posted on March 29, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Emission from trihydrogen cations of large atmospheres flames (h³⁺) It has been used for over 30 years to study the global interactions of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus with the surrounding space environment, revealing the process of aurora formation. However, despite repeated attempts, and against models that predict it should exist, this ion has proven elusive in Neptune. Currently, using observations from the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webspace telescope, astronomers have detected Neptune’s trihydrogen cations and distinct infrared South Aurorae.

This composite image, created using data from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webbspace Telescope, shows the aurora activity (cyan bevel) in Neptune. Image credits: NASA/ESA/CSA/STSCI/HEIDI HAMMEL, Aura/Henrik Mellin, University of Northumbria/Leafletcher, University of Leicester/Stefanie Millam, NASA-GSFC.

“In the past, astronomers have seen appetizing hints for Aurora’s activities in Neptune,” said Henrik Mellin, an astronomer at Northumbria University and his colleagues.

“However, imaging and confirmation of Aurorae in Neptune has been avoiding astronomers for a long time despite successful detections on Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus.”

“Neptune was a missing part of the puzzle when it came to detecting the giant planet of the solar system, Aurorae.”

In this study, the authors analyzed the obtained data. Webb’s Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRSPEC) June 2023.

In addition to the image of the planet, astronomers have characterized the composition and acquired spectra to measure the temperature of the planet’s upper atmosphere (ionosphere).

They discovered a very prominent efflux system indicating the presence of trihydrogen cations.

“In Neptune’s Webb image, the glowing aurora appears as a spot, represented by cyan,” the astronomer said.

“The aurora activity seen in Neptune is markedly different from what we are used to seeing here on Earth, or even Jupiter and Saturn.”

“Instead of being trapped in the north and south poles of the planet, Neptune’s aurora is located in the mid-latitudes of the planet. Think about where South America is on Earth.”

“This is due to the strange nature of Neptune’s magnetic field, originally discovered by NASA’s Voyager 2 in 1989, tilting 47 degrees from the planet’s axis of rotation.”

“The activity of the aurora is based on where the magnetic field converges into the planet’s atmosphere, so Neptune’s aurora is far from the rotating pole.”

“The groundbreaking detection of Neptune’s Aurorae helps us understand how Neptune’s magnetic fields interact with particles flowing through far-flung areas of the solar system.

Researchers were also able to measure the temperature above the Neptune atmosphere for the first time since the flyby of the Voyager 2.

Their results suggest why Neptune’s Aurorae remained hidden from astronomers for a long time. The upper atmosphere of the Neptune was cooled several hundred degrees.

For many years, astronomers have predicted the strength of Neptune Aurorae based on temperatures recorded by Voyager 2.

“A rather cold temperature would result in a very prominent aurorae,” the scientist said.

“This cold temperature could be the reason why Neptune’s Aurorae remains undetected for a long time.”

“Dramatic cooling suggests that even though Earth is more than 30 times more seated from the Sun compared to Earth, this area of the atmosphere can change dramatically.”

result Today I’ll be appearing in the journal Natural Astronomy.

____

H. Merin et al. Discovery of h³⁺ JWST and Neptune’s infrared aurorae. Nut AthlonPublished online on March 26th, 2025. doi:10.1038/s41550-025-02507-9

Source: www.sci.news

Discovering Aurora on Neptune for the First Time with NASA’s Webb Telescope

Posted on March 28, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The Northern and Southern Lights Vermillion, Amethyst, and Jade Ribbons are some of the most distinctive features of the Earth. However, our planet has no monopoly of the Aurora. Scientists spy on them throughout the solar system, weaving the Martian sky into Saturn, Jupiter and even some of Jupiter’s fiery softening.

The light shines in the sky Uranus too. However, the aurora around Neptune, the farthest planet of our Sun, has long escaped astronomers.

That was changed by the powerful infrared equipment installed in the James Webb Space Telescope. In a study published in the journal on Wednesday Natural Astronomy scientists reveal unique auroras spilling on either side of Neptune’s equator. This contrasts with the sparkling Gossamers, arcing at Poles in other worlds.

Astronomers are excited that the Aurora Hunting Quest has been completed over decades. “Everyone is very excited to prove it’s there, as we thought,” he said. Rosie Johnson an astrophysics researcher at Aberystwyth University in Wales who was not involved in new research.

The discovery allows scientists to study previously out-of-reach aspects of Neptune. “They use the aurora to understand the shape of the magnetic field on planets looking at the invisible,” he said. Karl Schmidt Boston University planetary astronomers were not involved in new research.

Each world produces aurora differently, but it is basically the same. Energy particles (often from the sun, but sometimes from the eruption of a lunar volcano) hit the atmosphere and bounce back the gas. The collision of the particles causes a temporary flash of light. And if there is a magnetic field in the world, it will guide the position…

Luckily, the Webb Telescope, released in 2021, came to rescue.

Heidi Hammel Another astronomer of the University Association for Astronomical Studies and the author of the research, has been studying Neptune since the 1980s. She said that if Webb “is powerful enough to see the early galaxies of the universe, it would be strong enough to see something like Neptune’s Aurorae.” “And by Golly, that was the case.”

Using the telescope’s near-infrared spectrometer, astronomers captured Neptune’s infrared aurora in June 2023. This is because Neptune has an unstable magnetic field tilted to 47 degrees from the planet’s spin axis.

New Webb observations also reveal why Neptune’s Auroras has never been visible until now. Almost 40 years ago, Voyager 2 recorded a temperature of about 900 degrees Fahrenheit in the Neptune’s upper atmosphere. However, the Webb telescope shows that the temperature has dropped nearly 200 degrees. This low temperature means that the aurora is a dimmer.

In fact, Neptune’s Aurora said, “It’s less than 1% of the expected brightness and explains why I’ve never seen it before.” James O’Donohew a planetary astronomer at the UK’s Reading University and one of the authors of the study. “But that means we have a new mystery in our hands now. How did Neptune get so cold?”

Neptune’s Strange Light Show detection may bring your answers closer.

“The Aurora is like a TV screen,” he said. Lee Fletcher a planetary scientist at the University of Leicester in the UK and one of the authors of the study. They said, “We are able to see the delicate dance of the magnetosphere processes.

Source: www.nytimes.com

Dark energy could potentially develop in unforeseen manners as time progresses

Posted on March 20, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

New results from the collaboration of Digi (dark energy spectroscopy) reveal signs of time-varying dark energy.

Two “fans” corresponding to the two main areas were observed by Desi on top and bottom of the plane of the Milkyway Galaxy. Image credits: Desi Collaboration/DOE/KPNO/NOIRLAB/NSF/AURA/R. Proctor.

“The universe will never surprise us and will never surprise us,” said Dr Arjun Dei, a digiproject scientist at Noir Love and associate director of the Central Scale Observatory for Strategic Initiatives.

“By unprecedentedly revealing the evolving textures of our universe's fabrics, Digi and Mayall telescopes are changing our understanding of the future of our universe and nature itself.”

The DESI data, which is employed alone, is consistent with the standard model of the universe. In Lambda CDM, CDM is cold dark matter, and Lambda represents the simplest case of dark energy that acts as a cosmological constant.

However, when combined with other measurements, the effect of dark energy may be weaker over time, increasing indications that other models may be more appropriate.

Other measurements of them include light leftovers from the dawn of space (cosmic microwave background, or CMB), distance measurements of supernovae, and observations of how light from distant galaxies are distorted by the effects of dark matter gravity (weak lenses).

So far, the evolving dark energy preference has not risen to 5 sigma. This is the gold standard in physics that represents a commonly accepted threshold of discovery.

However, the various combinations of DESI data and CMB, weak lenses, and supernova sets range from 2.8 to 4.2 sigma.

This analysis used techniques to hide results from scientists to the end to reduce unconscious biases about data.

This approach sets new criteria for how data is analyzed from large-scale spectroscopic studies.

The Desi is a cutting-edge instrument mounted on the NSF Nicholas U. Mayall 4-M telescope of the NSF Noirlab program, Kitt Peak National Observatory.

Light from 5,000 galaxies can be captured simultaneously, allowing you to carry out one of the most extensive research to date.

The experiment is currently investigating the fourth sky in five years, with plans to measure around 50 million galaxies and quasars (very far but bright objects with black holes in their cores) and more than 10 million stars by the time the project is finished.

The new analysis uses data from the first three years of observations and includes nearly 15 million best measured galaxies and quasars.

This is a major leap, with the one used in Desi's initial analysis improving the accuracy of the experiment with more than twice as much data set, suggesting evolving dark energy.

Digi tracks the effects of dark energy by studying how matter spreads throughout the universe.

Very early cosmic events left subtle patterns in the way matter was distributed. This is a function called Barion Acoustic Vibration (BAO).

Its Bao pattern acts as a standard ruler, and its size is directly influenced by how the universe is expanding at different times.

Measuring rulers at different distances has shown the strength of dark energy throughout history by researchers.

DESI Collaboration begins work with additional analysis to extract more information from the current dataset, and Desi continues to collect the data.

Other experiments offered online over the next few years will also provide complementary data sets for future analysis.

“Our results are a fertile foundation for our theory colleagues looking at new and existing models, and we look forward to what they came up with,” says Dr. Michael Levi, Desi Director and Scientist.

“Whatever the nature of dark energy, it shapes the future of our universe. It is very noteworthy that we look up at the sky with a telescope and try to answer one of the biggest questions humanity has ever asked.”

“These are prominent results from very successful projects,” said Dr. Chris Davis, NSF Program Director at NSF Neil Love.

“The powerful combination of NSF Mayall Telescope and DOE's dark energy spectroscopy instruments demonstrates the benefits of federal agencies collaborating with fundamental science to improve our understanding of the universe.”

Physicists shared their findings in a A series of papers It will be posted above arxiv.org.

Source: www.sci.news

Daylight Saving Time in the US in 2025: A Guide to Clock Changes

Posted on March 8, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

As the sun returns and the winter blues float away, it’s almost time to adjust the American clock. Daylight Saving Time (DST), a practice of changing your clock twice a year, has a long history full of controversy, diplomacy, and some unique quirks depending on where you live.

Despite its routine nature, DST means longer evenings to enjoy the sun in the end. So, as the date approaches, we’ve gathered all the information you need to know, including when to change the clocks, why it happens, and why some want to do away with DST altogether.

When will the clocks change in March 2025?

For Americans, the time changes on Sunday, March 9th. It will happen at 2 am local time, moving forward by one hour.

This marks the start of DST, but the transition may vary depending on your location. Here’s how it looks in major cities:

Los Angeles: Along with other West Coast cities like Seattle and San Francisco, will shift from standard Pacific time to daylight Pacific time. The sunrise will move from 6:15 am to 7:15 am, and the sunset from 5:54 pm to 6:54 pm.
Chicago: Will transition from Central Standard Time to Central Daylight Time. The sunrise will change from 6:17 am to 7:17 am, and the sunset from 5:47 pm to 6:47 pm.
New York and Washington DC: Will switch from Eastern Standard Time to Eastern Daylight Time. This will shift the sunrise from 6:22 am to 7:22 am, and the sunset from 5:53 pm to 6:53 pm.

How does daylight saving time work?

The concept of Daylight Saving Time is fairly simple. Every year, we adjust our clocks by adding or subtracting an hour. This occurs twice a year and alternates between the two.

These time changes are known as Daylight Saving Time and Standard Time. DST begins in March, moving us forward an hour, ends in November, and then moves back an hour.

On the surface, this may seem strange, but it serves a purpose. DST aims to make better use of sunlight and save energy by providing more daylight in the evening, allowing for more time to enjoy the sun and reducing electricity demands at home.

What is the history of daylight saving time?

The history of Daylight Saving Time dates back quite a long time. While often attributed to Benjamin Franklin in 1784, the actual origins can be traced back before 1907.

William Willett, an advocate for more daylight hours, proposed changing how we view time. This proposal, involving moving the clock forward by 80 minutes in four increments of 20 minutes each Sunday at 2 am, eventually led to the establishment of Daylight Saving Time.

Since then, the system has been refined and simplified. Despite initial resistance, DST eventually became a standard practice in 1966.

Why do some people want to abolish daylight saving time?

Aside from the inconvenience of changing the clock annually, there are reasons why some advocate for the abolishment of DST.

Studies suggest that clock changes can have a negative impact on health, with an increased risk of heart attacks following the spring time change. Additionally, the economic cost of DST changes is estimated to be significant, affecting productivity.

Another important reason is the impact on pets. It’s recommended to gradually adjust your pet to the time change to avoid disruptions to their routines.

Read more:

The negative impact of daylight saving time on health and how to mitigate it

Posted on March 8, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

It feels harsh. Being forced to sacrifice valuable sleep is tough. In the United States, Daylight Saving Time (DST) will begin on March 9, 2025. At 2am local time, the clock will spring forward an hour, skipping straight to 3am.

Not only does this make the following day feel a bit groggy, but experts are growing concerned about the potential negative impacts of the DST switch on our health.

“When the clock changes, there is a slight increase in stroke, heart attack, car accidents, and sleep loss,” says Vanderbilt’s Director of Sleep, Dr. Beth Malow to BBC Science Focus.

The effects of this time shift are felt not only by the youth but also by older individuals. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine in 2015 found that teenagers lose approximately 2 hours and 42 minutes of weekday sleep after the time change.

Mallow continues, “It has health repercussions for nearly eight months due to the shift in light exposure from the morning and evening times.”

“Morning light is essential for waking up, regulating our biological clock, and enhancing our mood. We use light therapy in the morning to treat seasonal affective disorders and improve sleep quality. Exposure to morning light supports nighttime sleep, while evening light disrupts it.”

However, all hope is not lost. Here are some simple strategies to alleviate the impact of losing that hour:

1. Back up your bedtime for a few days before the clock change

While it may be too late this time, keep this in mind for the future. Sleep experts recommend gradually shifting your bedtime 15-20 minutes earlier each night leading up to the time change.

According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, sudden changes in sleep schedules, such as switching to daylight saving time, can lead to temporary insomnia symptoms affecting about 30-35% of adults.

By easing into it gradually, Malow suggests, “you can adjust to the new time and get a bit more sleep in the process.”

If you’re short on time and feeling drowsy, going to bed earlier on the night of the time change can also be helpful.

2. Expose yourself to bright light in the morning

Daylight Saving Time aims to provide an extra hour of sunlight in the evening. While this is ideal for post-work socializing, it may disrupt natural sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms.

To help you wake up in the morning and consequently sleep better at night, exposing yourself to bright light is crucial. Malow recommends natural light for this purpose, especially as the sun rises earlier during the summer months.

“Morning bright light exposure helps synchronize your biological clock,” she explains. “Aligning your clock will improve your nighttime sleep.”

3. Avoid lengthy naps and late-day caffeine. Opt for exercise instead

If you enjoy taking naps (who doesn’t?), this news may be disappointing. However, if you want to maintain good sleep, avoiding long naps is essential.

“Naps and caffeine impair our ‘sleep drive’,” Malow clarifies. Her solution? Engage in physical exercise instead.

“Physical activity in the afternoon energizes us during that afternoon slump, but comes bedtime, it promotes sleepiness. It enhances our sleep drive,” she adds.

But remember, avoid exercising just before bedtime, as it can stimulate endorphins and raise body temperature, both of which can interfere with sleep.

4. Put away your phone before bedtime

You’ve likely heard this advice before, but it remains just as relevant, particularly when the clock springs forward an hour. Bright light at night, especially from screens emitting blue light, can disrupt your sleep.

Blue light, found in LED screens, inhibits the natural release of melatonin in the brain, a hormone that regulates sleep. Additionally, content like news can trigger anxiety before bed.

Perhaps it’s time to eliminate daylight saving time

While the aforementioned strategies can minimize the impact of the time change, many experts are calling for the abolishment of this antiquated practice entirely.

So, should standard time become the new norm?

Alice Gregory, a psychology professor at Goldsmith’s, believes so. She argues that permanent standard time aligns better with our circadian rhythms compared to daylight saving time.

Mallow echoes this sentiment, stating, “Most individuals are quite fatigued by the interaction.”

About our experts:

Dr. Beth Malow is a neurology and pediatrics professor, Director of the Vanderbilt Sleep Division, Chair of Barry Donations for Cognitive Childhood Development, and Vice-Chair of Clinical Research at Vanderbilt University, USA. She is board-certified in Neurology and Sleep Medicine, conducting research on sleep and its medical and genetic implications.

Alice Gregory is a psychology professor at Goldsmith’s. She conducts research on the link between sleep and mental health, behavioral genetics, sleep paralysis, and nightmare disorder. She is also a prolific science communicator, publishing articles in various outlets like Guardian, GQ UK, and Slate fr.

read more:

When is the best time to test and what do you know

Posted on March 6, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

What causes swelling in a sprained ankle?

The rapid expansion is a result of inflammation, which serves a protective purpose.

Dr. Robert Schmerling, a rheumatologist and faculty member at Harvard Medical School, explained that inflammation is the body’s natural response to injury or illness in an attempt to promote healing. More info on Inflammation.

Inflammation can be detrimental as it is linked to various chronic conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and allergies. Experts believe that reducing chronic inflammation is crucial for healthy aging.

Dr. David Haffler, a neurologist and professor of immunobiology at Yale University School of Medicine, described inflammation as a necessary defense mechanism that helps the body fight infections.

Inflammation has been recognized for centuries, with ancient Roman writer Aurus Cornelius Cercus outlining its core characteristics. This process involves fluid, proteins, and white blood cells traveling to the site of injury, resulting in redness, swelling, heat, and pain to aid in recovery.

While acute inflammation is beneficial in the short term, chronic inflammation can have long-lasting negative effects on the body.

Causes of Chronic Inflammation

Factors like obesity, smoking, and dietary choices can contribute to chronic inflammation.

Dr. Thaddeus Stappenbeck, chair of inflammation and immunity at Cleveland Clinic, believes that the modern American diet is a major driver of chronic inflammation.

Consuming processed foods, trans fats, and sugary treats can increase inflammation levels in the body. Although trans fats have been banned by the FDA, a shift towards a plant-based diet rich in fruits and vegetables can reduce inflammation.

“Sedentary lifestyle, poor sleep, and stress can also contribute to inflammation,” mentioned Schmerling.

Symptoms of Inflammation

Common signs include joint pain, fatigue, constipation, depression, and weight loss. Schmerling recommends regular exercise and a plant-based diet to lower inflammation levels.

Research indicates that following a Mediterranean-style diet can reduce inflammation markers in the body.

“Lifestyle changes can positively impact inflammation levels,” Schmerling added.

Impact of Chronic Inflammation on the Heart

According to the CDC, around 129 million Americans suffer from chronic illnesses, with the prevalence increasing every five years.

Experts suggest that chronic inflammation plays a significant role in the development of these conditions.

Prolonged inflammation can lead to heart disease, plaque buildup in blood vessels, and even neurodegenerative disorders.

Autoimmune diseases like lupus and multiple sclerosis are also associated with chronic inflammation.

Inflammation is a common feature in various diseases, highlighting the importance of addressing it early on.

Testing for Chronic Inflammation

Blood tests like erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein measure inflammation levels in the body. However, these tests may not always provide clear results.

False positives are possible, so symptoms should be considered alongside test results.

While some advocate for routine inflammation tests, experts like Schmerling and Stappenbeck advise against it for healthy individuals without symptoms.

There are more sensitive tests like HS-CRP that can detect small increases in inflammation levels, but their widespread use is still debated.

Monitoring inflammation levels can help identify individuals at risk of heart disease or stroke in a timely manner.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

For the First Time, Light Transformed into “Super Lido”

Posted on March 5, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Light has become a strange material called Super Lido

baac3nes/getty images

For the first time, strange solids that can flow like liquids were created from light. Studying it will help researchers to better understand the exotic quantum state of matter.

“We actually made light on a solid. It's pretty amazing.” dimitris trypogeorgos At the National Research Council of Italy (CNR). He points out Daniele SanvittCNR also showed how light becomes a fluid over a decade ago. Now, Trypogeorgos, Sanvitto and colleagues use light to create quantum “superlides” that are not just robust.

Supercrissilicon has a simultaneously zero viscosity and has a crystalline-like structure similar to the arrangement of atoms in salt crystals. None of these strange materials correspond to outside the quantum domain. For this reason, they were previously only created in experiments with atoms cooled to very low temperatures.

However, in this experiment, the researchers replaced the supercold atoms with superconducting aluminum gallium arcenide and lasers.

They illuminated the laser on small sections of the semiconductor with narrow ridge patterns. The complex interaction between light and material ultimately formed a type of hybrid particle called polaritons. The ridge pattern constrained how these “quasiparticles” could move, and what energy could the polytons have in such a way as to form a superlide.

Sanvitto says the team had to measure the sufficient properties of this trapped and converted light very accurately and prove it was a solid and fluid with no viscosity. This was a challenge, he says, as scientists have never previously created and evaluated superspores made from light experimentally before.

The new experiments say it contribute to a general understanding of how quantum matter can change states by undergoing topological transitions. Alberto Bramati At the Sorbonne University in France. The team clearly demonstrated that they made a superlido, but he says more measurements need to be made to understand its properties.

According to Trypogeorgos, light-based superlides may be easier to manipulate than those previously created with atoms.

“We're really at the beginning of something new,” he says.

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Exploring the Time Expansion in the Universe’s Landscape

Posted on March 5, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Imagine looking over a beautiful view. The sun peers closely at the snowy peaks of the mountains in the distance, passing through gentle hills with rivers. There is something wonderful about looking at the outlines of a majestic landscape.

It may not be obvious when you see the night sky, but the universe has its own landscape – the galaxy filaments are separated by empty spaces. We've known this for a long time. But now, a group of cosmologists are taking things further, suggesting that the universe has not only landscapes but also timescapes. The idea is that time flows differently depending on where it is.

To say this is against grain is an understatement. We have always thought that at a large scale, time runs at the same speed across the universe. However, in this photo, known as Timescape Cosmology, there is a large patch of the universe that is ticking over billions of years, for billions of years more than we normally imagine.

It may sound strange, but it is the simple elegance of this idea that seduces physicists. Funny physics has nothing to do with it. It arises naturally from established theories. “It's part of the structure of the general theory of relativity,” the inventor says David Wiltshire At the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. “It's not just a part…

Research suggests that having a fixed bedtime is more important than sleep time for combating fatigue

Posted on February 15, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Quality of sleep is often judged by the number of hours we sleep, but recent research suggests that the timing of sleep may be more crucial than the duration.

A study published in the journal Sleep indicates that the consistency of your sleep schedule, rather than just the number of hours slept, is a strong predictor of your risk of mortality. Even individuals who consistently get 7-8 hours of sleep but have irregular sleep patterns were found to be at a higher risk of stroke, heart attacks, and cancer. On the other hand, those with a consistent sleep routine had up to a 48% lower risk of death from all causes.

It’s important to note that simply sticking to an erratic sleep pattern with minimal hours of sleep is not advised. The study found that individuals who slept less than six hours or more than nine hours per night had a higher risk of mortality. While sleep duration is significant, the link between mortality and consistent sleep patterns was stronger.

Researchers analyzed data from nearly 61,000 individuals in the UK Biobank, totaling over 10 million recorded sleep hours. By studying sleep patterns and mortality rates, they identified the factors associated with an increased risk of early death.

These findings may lead to updated public health guidelines on sleep recommendations, emphasizing the importance of not only getting sufficient sleep but also maintaining a consistent sleep schedule for overall health improvement.

Further research is needed to determine if these findings are applicable to a broader population beyond the UK.

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Study suggests fixed bedtime more important than total sleep time in preventing tiredness

Posted on February 14, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

When it comes to a good night’s sleep, the quality of your sleep may be more important than the number of hours you get. A new study published in the journal sleep suggests that the regularity of your sleep schedule is a strong predictor of your overall risk of death. In fact, research shows that even those who consistently get 7-8 hours of sleep but have irregular sleep schedules are at a higher risk of stroke, heart attacks, and even cancer compared to those with a consistent sleep-wake routine.

Individuals with the most consistent sleep-wake times have been found to have up to a 48% lower risk of all-cause death compared to those with inconsistent routines. However, maintaining a consistent sleep schedule doesn’t mean you can skimp on sleep. Those who slept less than six hours or more than nine hours each night were also at a higher risk of death. Overall, the link between mortality and consistent sleep patterns was found to be stronger than the link between mortality and sleep duration.

Researchers analyzed sleep data from nearly 61,000 people in the UK biobank, totaling over 10 million hours of recorded sleep. Using advanced algorithms, they tracked mortality rates over an average of 6.3 years to identify factors associated with early death. The hope is that these findings will inform updated public health guidelines and sleep recommendations, emphasizing the importance of not only getting enough sleep but also maintaining a consistent sleep schedule for improved overall health.

Further research is needed to determine if these findings apply to populations outside the UK and to a more diverse range of individuals.

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My love for trading card pockets in Pokemon waned over time | Games

Posted on February 7, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

fOr now I'm in the slal in the pocket of Pokemon trading cards. It was a demonic, smooth blend of battles that collected and deleted cards, and since it was released I had been open the app honestly on my phone at least twice a day. The virtual card is beautifully completed. Particularly rare art cards feature idyllic scenes of Pokemon in their natural habitat. I spent hours fighting too. He hone his deck and chased his winning streak to earn the victory crest. I put most of my friends in it. I was able to fill in the last few holes in my collection, predicting the day when Dena's makers would eventually activate the deal.

I quit this week on the day the deal was made public and an expansion filled with fairly new cards. I did some deals for Venosaur ex and Machamp Ex, which avoided my grasp despite being open Hundreds I took a screenshot of the Pack's “Collection Complete” screen, but it hasn't been open since. I'm finished.

I didn't quit in protest A crazy, expensive nature It features monsters from the age of Pokemon that do not hold nostalgic powers for me, mostly with new trading features or new cards. I suddenly had enough. I enjoyed every minute of my time at the game…until not. Normally you know that you finished the game when you finished it, but in this era of eternal games, we have to choose When should I stop? Sometimes this happens overnight for me. One day I'm enjoying the game, the next day I'm tired of it.

Inconveniently, I recognize it in about 75% of the game's campaigns. Especially with open world titles, the best times are in the middle, and you're playing enough to understand the unique ideas and systems of the game. do not have It's enough to master them completely. There is a point where you know you're approaching endgame. Suddenly, the friction between me and the gaming world – as the game designers mention, “stickiness” is gone, everything feels smooth and easy, and I lose interest. (This is why I love it fromsoftwareThere are very few games out there from Dark Souls to Elden Ring.

Enough is enough… Indiana Jones and a large circle. Photo: Game Press

Here's a small selection of games from the past year that I've abandoned like this, until the end: Indiana Jones and the Great;Dragon Dogma 2;Paper Mario: Millennium Door. Zelda: Echo of wisdom. Like a Dragon: Infinite wealth. I was able to sit and polish in the evening several times with one of these. Some of them already have a few months after leaving them unfinished – but it always feels like a chore. Meanwhile, I played the lonely mountain: Snow Rider, Baratoro And as the stickiness is still there, Hades is far too long past their completion point.

I often ask readers to write to ask when it's okay to quit the game. For me, the answer is “Whenever I stop having fun.” I rarely quit because I'm stuck. Instead, I quit Stop When I got stuck, I felt like I was seeing everything that the game had to offer. I think it's easy to continue playing things that have lost their appeal from a sense of obligation.

A long-standing study of trophies and achievements is 15-35% of players (PDF) You actually complete a specific game. I feel like developers are making hours of content, people may never see it, but there is enough entertainment available to everyone, and you can find all of that time. You can hardly blame people for not being there. Some players take pride in finishing every game they start, but for the rest of us? It's okay to stop it.

When I finished the Pokemon trading card game, I felt it was easy. A part of me felt relieved to be relieved of my daily habits. It opened a small space for something new in my time – and something new everytime What you're looking for when you get a video game.

What to do

Life is catastrophically obsessive… Civilization VII. Photo: 2K Game

Two huge historic games are coming out this week. The Kingdom Comes to Rescue 2with a pathetic, challenging simulation of 16th century Bohemia, where you're really rubbing your face against horse dung at first. Civilization VIInext in a life-rising, life-rising, life-risingly obsessive strategy series that challenge you to re-run human history from the beginning. (The latter may seem particularly appealing now, as it appears we've caused all-powerful confusion.)

Available at: PC, Xbox, PlayStation 5
Estimated playtime: Over 100 hours

What to read

Reaching the new Box Office Heights… Sonic Hedgehog 3. Photo: Paramount in America/Sega

Third Sonic Movies It's just now The second highest growth video game movie everbrought 462.5m behind the 2023 Mario movie. (I swallowed up the pride of Nintendo kids from the 90s and took them to see them during Christmas. Are you okay. ) It's also on track to overtake Bruce Almighty as Jim Carrey's best-selling film. If that happens, it becomes a wonderful Pub quiz questions.
in IGNRebekah Valentine investigates the phenomenon of Imitation Slop Game It appears on Droves, the console's digital store, and receives this incredible quote.
Among the well-known winners in Grammy Awards It was the soundtrack for the video game: Interestingly, this year's award was presented to composer Winifred Phillips for the soundtrack to the 1981 RPG, Wizardry. Explainer About how the game was remade decades ago and won a Grammy Award.

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Question block

God of War: Ragnarök, one of the best video game stories of recent years. Photo: Sony Santa Monica

This week's question comes from Natalie:

“A lot of games were played and took unfinished games before I could understand what all my favourites had in common: the fascinating stories. The best storytelling of all video game time Would you recommend it?”

There are so many forms of video game stories, and this is a difficult question to answer. Many of the best stories in the game are those we found for ourselves. That said, my favorite stories from recent years are refreshing to my heart as game correspondent Keith Stuart and I have recently updated our list of games on all consoles today. Here is the author's story that I remember most from the current gaming generation: Our Last Parts I and II; God of war And then the sequel. Immortal;and Alan Wake 2 (Mainly because of the method mentioned). Here are some very short stories you can play on the Nintendo Switch: OxenFree; Wonderson; To the moon; Night in the forest; Space for unbound and Loki. You might want to try it too Citizen's sleeper If you like sci-fi. Regarding all-timers: Undertail, Chrono Trigger, Portal And that sequel Edith Finch's Remains and Fallout New Vegas I'm there for me.

What are your top three? Tell me at pushbuttons@theguardian.com. And ask more

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What is the best time to take cancer medication?

Posted on February 3, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Every year, scientists around the world offer research to cancer treatment. What if the answer is related to the time when cancer patients are taking medicine? Group of German scientists wanted to find out if a 24 -hour clock of the body was also known as itself. Approximately rhythmIt can affect the fight against cancer.

To test their hypothesis, scientists monitor how cancer cells behave with various drugs at various times. First, they collected a variety of cells from human milk cancer patients, including some healthy tissue cells and several tumor cells. They thoroughly monitored cell characteristics such as growth, drug reactions, and outline rhythm strength. They explained that the intensity of the rhythm of the day refers to cells that usually change the movement determined by the day and night cycle.

Scientists used the method called to determine the rhythmic intensity. Self -correlationWe measured how cells work at different times. They used the second method to identify the dominant frequency and time of the cellular signal. Continuous wavelength conversion。 They use this method to break down the signals into small parts, each represents different frequencies and time range.

Finally, they use another method to simultaneously look at both large and small cell processes and further disassemble the signals called. Multi -election analysis。 By combining these methods, we measured how the drug affected the growth of cells over time, and identified what has changed based on time -dependent or dunning effects.

Researchers have grown a group of special breast cancer cells, which are known to have biological watches incorporated in the controlled environment. They added drugs to fight a variety of cancers at different times of the day, and evaluated how they changed their effectiveness. They also administered a variety of drugs and found the best dosage for their daily time. In order to test how the cells react over time, the cell growth rate was measured by imaging with a microscope and growing fast under various conditions. Later, scientists organized cells and drugs into groups based on how they responded to the test.

In addition, researchers conducted tests to measure the efficiency of the administered drugs. First, we used a series of light dark cycle to synchronize the cells to a specific outline. Later, they used live cell imaging to monitor cell growth and survival, and administer drugs at a different period of one day, exceeding four hours. After that, the team compared the way cells react to drugs on various occasions and identified the best time to administer drugs for cancer treatment. Scientists have discovered a strong correlation between the aid clock and drugs.

In order to explore the influence of the outline clocks on cell treatment, scientists also tested the overall contribution of each gene component in cells to the overall drug reaction. They explained that the gene of our body decides how well the drug can suppress cancer and how strongly it can accept the drug. However, with almost 20,000 gene, scientists want to match each drug to the most effective target gene.

To do this, the team used two methods to collect very large datasets and create called forecasts. Linear discrimination analysis and Main ingredient analysis。 They used these methods to rank the cell gene according to how effectively the cells react to drugs, and identify the mutant pattern between gene. They discovered that different genes show different sensitivity to each drug.

Scientists concluded that the rhythm of the solar cells affects drug sensitivity and effectiveness. They suggested that future workers test other undeveloped gene and confirm that they are sensitive to specific cancer drugs. The team concluded that their results would help scientists to understand how the 24 -hour cycle of the body would affect cancer treatment, which is sensitive to time.

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Source: sciworthy.com

It’s time to redefine our relationship with Dopamine

Posted on February 2, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Currently, the internet is filled with content about resetting the brain’s reward system and rediscovering simple joys in life. One popular method gaining traction, promoted by influencers as a quick fix, is known as dopamine detoxification. Advocates claim that this method can reset the brain’s neurochemical balance and improve focus by cutting out activities that overstimulate.

The basic concept behind dopamine detox is to eliminate quick and easy sources of joy for a certain period. Some programs suggest starting with a day and gradually extending up to several weeks to rebalance dopamine levels.

While the idea of dopamine detox seems appealing at first glance, the evidence supporting it is not as straightforward. Dopamine plays a role in rewarding activities, but it is not solely responsible for joy or focus. Other brain chemicals like endorphins and opioids also contribute to feelings of pleasure.

Understanding Dopamine’s Function:

Dopamine drives desires rather than directly causing joy upon fulfillment. Studies have shown that blocking dopamine in animal brains did not diminish their enjoyment of food, highlighting the complexity of dopamine’s role in the brain.

Dopamine crystal formation time lapse polarized microscope video

Medications like Levodopa that increase dopamine levels in Parkinson’s patients have not consistently led to improved focus or happiness, challenging the notion that boosting dopamine through detox would enhance overall well-being.

Further Reading:

While certain substances like drugs can alter dopamine function and impact joy, detoxing from everyday activities like social media and online shopping may not have the same effect on brain chemistry.

Despite the lack of strong scientific evidence, practicing dopamine detox may still have benefits. For instance, reducing excessive consumption of junk food can improve overall health.

The Advantages of Dopamine Detox:

Studies on complete digital detox have shown potential benefits, such as improved social interactions and emotional recognition, although more rigorous research is needed to draw definitive conclusions.

Dopamine burns our needs for rewards that are driving more than the joy we actually experience -Photo credit: Getty

While dopamine detox may not reset dopamine levels as claimed, it can still be a useful productivity and lifestyle strategy. Implementing intentional breaks from habits can help break automatic behaviors and encourage mindful actions.

Instead of completely eliminating activities, setting goals to gradually reduce engagement may be a more sustainable approach. Experimenting with different strategies can help identify what works best for individual needs.

Further Reading:

Realizing that My Perception of Time Was Flawed: 66 Days of Rediscovering Boredom Life and Style

Posted on January 17, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

I
When I can't last more than 5 minutes without needing some kind of stimulation, I wanted to make a change. Music, podcasts, movies, reels, a combination of them, or all at the same time (probably) created the soundtrack of my life. I'm not alone in this inability to sit still and pay attention without distraction. You also won't feel drained and depressed by endless scrolling. more boredom. But I don't want this state to be the default.

We want to stop using screens, music, and podcasts to fill the void when we should have downtime. I want to be able to be bored. To me, boredom is a state of being unable to suppress the desire to do something. I think you can instill a sense of tranquility by consciously not using your devices and instead using your downtime to spend time with yourself in your local spaces. In doing so, I think we can learn to slow down and be present without the need for digital distractions. It's embarrassing that you can't stand boredom. But it's not just that, I'm scared of not being able to decide where to focus my attention.

When I started the challenge, I hoped that this would lead me on a path to greater attention and awareness of the world around me. There, stopping to smell the roses is not only worth your time, but you'll notice that there are roses there. Start with I want to rebuild my attention span.

1st week

The novelty of starting something new makes me excited and optimistic.

It starts with disconnecting yourself from your phone. I deleted my social media apps and tried not to listen to anything during my commute or daily tasks.

This is certainly uncomfortable and difficult at first (you keep thinking of things to do to avoid getting bored, who would have thought!), but when you finally get down to just staring into space, it's not at all unpleasant. there is no. It's refreshing to have the time and space to have my ideas heard.

2nd week

As I walked without listening, I started noticing things that I normally wouldn't look at twice.

But this is how I feel when I hear unexpected news about my life situation. The urge to rid yourself of all negative emotions. What is the solution? Separation due to large amounts of multimedia content.

I feel guilty for backtracking before my video call with Professor James Danckert, an expert on the psychology of boredom at the University of Waterloo in Canada. Could he tell I wasn't bored enough?

However, cognitive neuroscientists explain that forcing boredom or making yourself “boredible” is bad.

Turns out I was wrong about boredom. Dankert tells me it actually is “I’m highly motivated – but I’m frustrated at the moment because I want to do things that are important to me and I can’t find an outlet for that motivation.”

Boredom is beneficial, he says, because it encourages you to explore your environment and engage in something meaningful. The difficult part is finding or rediscovering the “things” that are important to you.

So I realized that the challenge is no longer about wanting to be bored, but about learning how to tolerate the feeling of boredom, so that you have the space to pay attention to where you are and where you want to be. I decided that I could do it.

3rd week

After the conversation with Dunkert, think about what it felt like Do you like being bored and how long has it been since you had that feeling? When was the last time that anxious restlessness welled up within you? When was the last time you wandered around the living room aimlessly?

The silence I wanted to avoid wasn't as scary as I thought. It actually helps you identify what is worth paying attention and care to in your life.

I was used to jumping from stimulus to stimulus, so when I started leaning into stillness, I realized that I had more time because the world wasn't moving at 10 TikToks a minute. So, I used the time I had back to make a list of things I wanted to do over the next few weeks. At the top is the desire to return to painting.

When I sit down, my instinct is to reach for my phone, but instead I stop and think about what I actually want to do. Instead of wasting your energy on pointless scrolling, you might be able to channel this feeling into something that gives you more energy. It's finally time to hang up your photos and make your room your own.

Week 4

During my off time, I often take walks outside without my earphones.

I noticed brush staining the sidewalks and jacaranda trees sprouting bright purple in places I didn't expect them to. Was summer this close? These cues from nature remind us of how time passes in a very physical sense that goes beyond the numbers on a clock and refers to the ground we walk on.

I realized that the way I had been thinking about time was wrong. Browsing a lot of social media apps condensed it. Stopping and paying attention to what was around me was stretching my time.

Week 5

In a boredom-induced moment of reflection, I think about my friend's birthday this week and remember my bucket list. There is one item of note on the list. It's about making birthday cards.

When I was a child, I often made cards. I love making gifts for my friends and I wonder why I never made time for it. Maybe you didn't think you had enough time, maybe you weren't attentive enough to see the process from beginning to end, or maybe you lacked concentration.

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I gave it to a friend as a gift and the response was better than I expected. It makes me feel full. I had a very fulfilling time.

Week 6

There were moments when I felt confident that I wasn't stuffing my phone up my nose or covering my ears. I've noticed that people around me always pull out their phones when they're waiting for something.

By aligning with the boredom and resisting its calls for attention, I am actively choosing to be present, and to be honest, this is a feeling I'm not very familiar with. But as I grew in my ability to work with myself, I realized that it deepened our friendships. Now you have more to say than just entertaining your friends with meaningless memes. I feel connected It's not just about watching the same content.

Week 7

Despite all this challenge, the desire to consume some content is always present. I remember my conversation with Dunkert. Dunkert assured me that “giving up vegetables” isn't a bad thing, but “recognizing the fact that it's what we want to do.”

So I decided to try watching slow TV instead of what I usually watch (comfortable sitcoms) to cultivate a sense of calm.

The 7-hour train journey began from Bergen to Oslo Although it was boring, I had the ability to slowly choose where to focus my attention and when to stop.

Week 8

Being outside the city makes it easier to kill boredom. So, to change my usual way of socializing, I went to a barren nature reserve with some friends.

Immersing yourself in local wildlife and surrounded by

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The Surprising Truth: Black Holes as Secret Time Machines

Posted on January 12, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

In Einstein’s theory of gravity, mass distorts space-time, creating an effect known as gravitational time dilation. This means that observers with different gravitational potentials measure elapsed time differently. Therefore, when you are close to a black hole, time slows down compared to time that is far away from the black hole.

Observers far away from the black hole say that for objects that fall into it, time stops at the so-called “event horizon” (the edge of the black hole, the point of no return).

Nothing appears to cross the event horizon. However, an observer who falls into a black hole does not experience time stopping at the event horizon. They will see time passing normally, but far away from the black hole they will see time speeding up. The closer you get to the event horizon, the faster time appears to move farther away from the black hole.

This is the first direct image of a black hole shooting a powerful jet into space, taken in April 2023.

Gravitational time dilation can actually be measured. In 1976, NASA launched an atomic clock into space to measure the passage of time at an altitude of 10,000 km (6,214 miles) compared to the Earth’s surface. The results of this measurement matched exactly what was expected from Einstein’s theory.

At sea level, time moves a billionth of a second slower per year than at the top of Mount Everest.

This article answers the question (asked by Sean Roberts via email): “What happens to time at the event horizon of a black hole?”

If you have any questions, please email us at: questions@sciencefocus.comor send us a message facebook, ×or Instagram Page (remember to include your name and location).

Check out our ultimate fun facts More amazing science pages.

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Postponing the gift of a cell phone annually offers significant advantages: Managing screen time for children everywhere.

Posted on January 11, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Despite the availability of affordable cell phones, parents have new ways to stay connected with their children. However, this development has also sparked debates on screen time, safety, and social media.

As worries about phone usage rise and the age at which children get their first mobile phone decreases, countries worldwide are considering ways to address this issue in schools and homes.

While there’s no single solution, various action plans and suggestions are being explored, ranging from strict laws to grassroots initiatives.

Our correspondent delves into some of the noteworthy solutions to screen time as Australia and Spain gear up to implement stringent laws to combat the problem.

Australia: “Ensuring our children have a good childhood.”

In a significant move, Australia recently passed a law prohibiting social media use for under-16s, although specifics regarding its implementation and application are unclear.

While some Australian states already ban mobile phones in schools, a new federal ban aims to completely restrict social media usage for children under 16 by year-end. The law grants the communications minister authority to determine which platforms are restricted, likely including Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok.

YouTube is expected to be exempt due to its claimed educational benefits.

The legislation mandates platforms to verify users’ ages and take necessary steps to ensure compliance, with penalties of up to A$50m for non-compliance. Trials for age verification technology are ongoing, including facial age estimation and other authentication methods.

Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese emphasized that the ban aims to offer children “a childhood”, encouraging them to engage in outdoor activities and sports instead of being glued to their phones.

Josh Taylor, Melbourne

Spain: “You can use ours.”

Spain’s government is proposing a bill to raise the minimum age for social media account registration from 14 to 16, along with mandatory age verification measures for tech companies.

Additionally, the bill suggests default parental controls on smartphones and a national education campaign to educate children and teens on responsible social media usage.

An expert panel has recommended including warning labels on digital devices sold in Spain to inform consumers of the health risks associated with social media and technology.

In Barcelona’s Poblenou district, parents initiated a campaign to delay children’s access to mobile phones until age 16. This movement quickly spread across Catalonia, emphasizing the importance of holding off on phone ownership until a later age.

Major project spokesperson Nuria González Rojas noted the significant impact of delaying mobile phone ownership, with over 72% of Spanish children owning smartphones by age 12.

In another initiative, Basque parents’ organization Archa Brua is piloting schemes to delay mobile phone ownership with support from schools, families, and local businesses.

Sam Jones, Madrid

France: “Take back control of your screen”

French President Emmanuel Macron commissioned a report urging a reassessment of screen usage to safeguard children’s well-being and democracy’s future.

The report advocates for delaying smartphone usage until age 13, restricting access to social media until 18, and banning mobile phones with internet access until after school hours.

Experts stress the need to shield children from profit-focused tech influences due to adverse effects on vision, sleep, and overall health.

Macron urges ministers to consider and implement the report’s recommendations.

Angelique Chrysafis (Paris)

Italy: school ban

Italy has issued a blanket ban on smartphones and tablets in primary and middle school classrooms, citing disruptive incidents like physical altercations between students and teachers.

Education Minister Giuseppe Valditara supports efforts to ban mobile phones for children under 14 and social media profiles for those under 16.

Angela Giuffrida (Rome)

Germany: “The longer we can delay children from using smartphones, the better.”

German schools can’t outright ban cellphones, but restrictions on their use in classrooms and during breaks are in place.

Efforts to enhance digital literacy among youth are encouraged, with calls in some regions for total bans on mobile phones in elementary schools.

Pediatric experts advocate delaying smartphone ownership until age 11 to protect children’s development, noting adverse effects on mental health and well-being from early exposure to social media.

Despite concerns surrounding smartphones, Germany’s decentralized governance system means a national policy remains elusive.

Deborah Cole, Berlin

UK experiences emergence of Glyphosate-resistant weeds for the first time

Posted on January 10, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Italian ryegrass is a common weed in agricultural crops.

John Cousins

Weeds resistant to the herbicide glyphosate have been discovered for the first time in the UK. The species in question is called Italian ryegrass and is very widespread in the UK, although chemical-free specimens have only been found on one farm in Kent.

Glyphosate says it's helping farmers adopt more environmentally friendly farming practices known as regenerative agriculture John Cousins a weed management expert at consulting firm ADAS. His team confirmed that the plants were resistant in greenhouse tests.

“It could impact the ability to transition agricultural systems,” Cousins said. “Herbicide resistance to glyphosate is a real issue of great importance to farms.”

In the UK, farmers primarily use glyphosate to remove all vegetation in a field before planting. This helps avoid tillage, which compromises soil health, increases erosion and reduces carbon storage.

Minimizing soil disturbance is one of the key efforts of regenerative agriculture, along with crop rotation and ground cover maintenance.

“Glyphosate is relatively environmentally friendly compared to other pesticides,” he says. Helen Metcalf At Rothamsted Research Institute, Harpenden, UK. “It has very little bioaccumulation and low toxicity. It also supports regenerative practices such as minimal tillage, which is very good for soil health. There may be benefits.”

He says weeds are a big problem for farmers. paul nave at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. “We lose more crop yields to weeds than to pests and pathogens.”

Around the world, Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Glyphosate resistance is evolving and it is occurring independently in hundreds of different locations. Such weeds are a major problem for many farmers in the United States and Argentina, where crops developed to be immune to glyphosate have been grown on a large scale for years.

“But the fact is, this hasn't become a big problem, considering the first incident was 30 years ago,” Neve said.

Nave said resistant weeds are a big problem on individual farms, but they spread more slowly than insects that are resistant to pesticides, for example. Precautions such as cleaning farm equipment and removing seeds can slow the spread.

Farmers also need to employ a variety of weed control measures rather than relying solely on glyphosate, Metcalf says. “We found that if farmers focused on weed control and implemented all the alternatives to glyphosate, profits could start to recover after five to 10 years,” she says.

Cousins' team increased its surveillance in the UK in 2018, testing more than 300 samples of Italian ryegrass. He believes the resistant plants on the Kent farm were almost certainly evolved there, rather than being brought in from elsewhere.

He also said the fact that resistance appears to have taken longer to develop in the UK than in other countries means that British farmers have not genetically modified or conventionally bred crops to be resistant to glyphosate. They also think that this may be because they are not growing crops that are not cultivated. In such crops, glyphosate can be applied to control weeds before planting as well as during crop growth.

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Time to reconsider the impact of uterine fibroids, a widespread silent epidemic among women with 70% affected

Posted on January 9, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Are you familiar with uterine fibroids? It’s not surprising if you’re not, as they are not widely discussed. However, they can affect 70-80% of women by age 50. Despite being more prevalent among Black women, women of color are often underdiagnosed.

Uterine fibroids are growths of muscle and fibrous tissue in the uterus, typically occurring in women aged 30-50. These fibroids can vary in size and shape and can be found in different layers of the uterus, leading to various symptoms.

Although referred to as “benign” tumors by doctors, uterine fibroids can still cause numerous issues, such as heavy menstruation, lower abdominal pain, and pressure on other organs when they grow large enough.

A CT scan showing a large solid mass in the uterus, indicating a uterine fibroid

Uterine fibroids are influenced by genetics, family history, and ethnicity, as well as hormones like estrogen and progesterone, which stimulate their growth. While pregnancy can lead to an increase in fibroid size due to higher hormone levels, they are commonly detected through ultrasound scans.

Treatment options for uterine fibroids vary based on symptoms and pregnancy plans. Some women may opt for monitoring small, asymptomatic fibroids, while others may choose drug therapy to reduce hormone levels and shrink the fibroids.

Surgical treatments like myomectomy or hysterectomy can also be considered, but these may not be suitable for women looking to conceive. Uterine fibroids can significantly impact pregnancy, increasing the risk of complications like miscarriage and premature birth.

Despite available treatments, awareness of uterine fibroids remains low. Increasing awareness about menstrual health and pregnancy complications is crucial for timely and effective treatment.

Running Slows Down Time: The Unexpected Truth

Posted on January 5, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Have you ever noticed how time seems to slow down when you’re at the gym? The answer to this question is more complex than just regretting that early morning spin class. Our perception of time can be influenced by various factors, making it seem faster or slower than reality.

When time seems to slow down, it’s known as time delay. This can occur in situations of boredom, anxiety, or heightened alertness, all of which can be experienced during exercise.

It’s like watching a pot that never boils or staring at a stopwatch while running on the treadmill. The more you focus on the passage of time, the longer it may appear to drag on. A recent study conducted by researchers at Canterbury Christ Church University in the UK found that participants were 9% faster when measuring 30-second intervals on stationary bikes, suggesting that time felt slower to them than it actually was.

The researchers propose that physical activity enhances awareness of impulses and leads to a perception of time dilation. Essentially, the increased heart rate and physical changes during exercise may give the impression that time is moving slower than it really is.

A similar phenomenon occurs in high-anxiety situations, where time may also seem to elongate. For athletes like professional runners and cyclists, this understanding of time perception can be crucial in pacing themselves effectively.

The researchers suggest that further studies could help in designing more enjoyable exercise classes, although you might want to keep this information from your spin instructor.

This article is a response to Tania Matthews’ question: “Why does time move slower when I’m at the gym?”

If you have any questions, feel free to email us at: questions@sciencefocus.comor reach out to us on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram (remember to include your name and location).

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The Year 2024: A Unique Time for Tornadoes

Posted on December 28, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

Experts are highlighting the significant number of tornadoes in 2024 amidst a year marked by extreme weather events.

From January to November, 1,762 tornadoes were recorded in the United States, the highest number in a decade according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

The exceptionally powerful tornadoes this year include one spawned by Hurricane Milton in October, described as particularly destructive. Victor Gensini, a meteorology professor, emphasized the collective impact of these tornadoes, making it a significant year for severe weather.

The outbreak of tornadoes contributed to several costly weather disasters in the U.S. this year. By November 1st, NOAA had recorded 24 weather disasters, each causing at least $1 billion in damage, with tornado outbreaks ranking among the costliest events.

The increased tornado activity in 2024 has raised concerns about the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, prompting experts to explore possible links to climate change.

The classification of tornadoes according to the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale reveals the varying levels of wind speeds and resulting damage. The deadliest tornadoes of 2024, such as the EF-4 tornado in Iowa, caused extensive destruction and financial losses.

While the death toll from tornadoes in 2024 is significant, it is lower compared to previous deadliest years. The occurrence of tornadoes during hurricanes, like those associated with Hurricane Milton, also surprised experts for their strength and frequency, raising questions about climate change implications.

Research indicates a potential increase in tornado activity due to continued fossil fuel emissions, but the direct impact of climate change on tornadoes remains uncertain. Scientists are still investigating the complex relationship between climate change and tornado occurrence.

As the year approaches its end, the possibility of more tornadoes remains, underscoring the unpredictability of severe weather events.

Severe storms and tornadoes are forecasted in parts of the South and Gulf Coast, indicating that the threat of tornadoes persists despite the approaching end of the year.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Physicists at CERN make groundbreaking discovery: Evidence of antihyperhelium-4 detected for the first time

Posted on December 17, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

Physicists are Alice Collaboration. Evidence of antihyperhelium-4 has been seen for the first time at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Antihyperhelium-4 consists of two antiprotons, an antineutron, and an antilambda. New results are also the first evidence of the heaviest antimatter hypernuclear still at the LHC.

Illustration of the production of antihyperhelium-4 in a lead-lead collision. Image credit: AI-assisted J. Ditzel.

Collisions between heavy ions at the LHC created quark-gluon plasma, a hot, dense state of matter that is thought to have filled the universe about a millionth of a second after the Big Bang.

Heavy ion collisions also create conditions suitable for the production of atomic nuclei, exotic hypernuclei, and their antimatter counterparts, antinuclei and antihypernuclei.

Measuring these forms of matter is important for a variety of purposes, including helping to understand the formation of hadrons from quarks and gluons, the building blocks of plasma, and the matter-antimatter asymmetry seen in the modern universe.

Hypernuclei are exotic atomic nuclei formed by a mixture of protons, neutrons, and hyperons, the latter of which are unstable particles containing one or more strange types of quarks.

More than 70 years after their discovery in cosmic rays, hypernuclei continue to be a source of fascination for physicists. This is because hypernuclei are rarely found in nature and are difficult to create and study in the laboratory.

Collisions of heavy ions produce large numbers of hypernuclei, and until recently, the lightest hypernuclei, hypertriton (composed of protons, neutrons, and lambda), and its antimatter partner, antihypertriton, have been observed.

Following recent observations of antihyperhydrogen-4, ALICE physicists have detected antihyperhelium-4.

This result has a significance of 3.5 standard deviations and is also the first evidence of the heaviest antimatter hypernucleus ever at the LHC.

The ALICE measurements are based on lead-lead collision data taken in 2018 at an energy of 5.02 teraelectronvolts (TeV) for each colliding pair of nucleons (protons and neutrons).

The researchers examined data for the signals of hyperhydrogen-4, hyperhelium-4, and their antimatter partners using machine learning techniques that go beyond traditional hypernuclear search techniques.

Candidates for (anti)hyperhydrogen-4 were identified by looking for an (anti)helium-4 nucleus and a charged pion with which it decays; identified by. -Three atomic nuclei, an (anti)proton, and a charged pion.

In addition to finding evidence for antihyperhelium-4 with a significance of 3.5 standard deviations and evidence for antihyperhydrogen-4 with a significance of 4.5 standard deviations, the ALICE team found that the production yields of both hypernuclei and measured the mass.

“For both hypernuclei, the measured masses are consistent with current global average values,” the scientists said.

“The measured production yields were compared with predictions from a statistical hadronization model that adequately accounts for the formation of hadrons and nuclei in heavy ion collisions.”

“This comparison shows that the model's predictions closely match the data when both the excited hypernuclear state and the ground state are included in the prediction.”

“This result confirms that the statistical hadronization model can also adequately explain the production of hypernuclei, which are compact objects about 2 femtometers in size.”

The authors also determined the antiparticle-to-particle yield ratios for both hypernuclei and found that they agreed within experimental uncertainties.

“This agreement is consistent with ALICE's observation that matter and antimatter are produced equally at LHC energy and further strengthens ongoing research into the matter-antimatter imbalance in the Universe.” concluded.

Source: www.sci.news

Practical Applications of Wild Physics: Building a Time Machine

Posted on December 17, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

The bartender said, “We don't serve time travelers here.” A time traveler enters the bar.

OK, yes, you'll almost certainly regret starting this article with such a lame old joke. Most of us, at some point, have wanted to go back in time to fix a mistake or failure. But that's impossible, right?

Well, not necessarily. Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity suggests that time travel may actually be possible. We know that matter can bend space-time, and if we bend it enough we may be able to create time loops. Of course, there are many caveats, and researchers have yet to present a working time machine. But that didn't stop them from exploring the possibilities.

Here are five ways time travel could be possible, from sci-fi classics to surprising new ideas. It also introduces some thorny practical obstacles that need to be overcome.

1. Prepare the galaxy laser ring

The main problem with time travel is that nothing can travel faster than the speed of light, which is 299,792,458 meters per second. This speed limit maintains causation, the idea that the cause must always come before the effect. Thanks to a quirk of Einstein's special theory of relativity and the fact that space and time are intimately connected, traveling faster than the speed of light messes it up. If we could travel faster than light, we would travel back in time. But you can't do that.

The next best thing is to manipulate the fabric of space-time. in…

The incredible abilities of pigeons: Why it’s time to appreciate and embrace these amazing birds

Posted on December 11, 2024 by Igor Mitreski

“Hello again!” Pigeons remember individual human faces

Martin Parr/Magnum Photo

Recently, when I was walking in the park with some friends, they pointed out the pigeons and told me I was looking at their favorite bird. I couldn’t believe it. Pigeon? That winged pest? My friend responded with this perverse logic. It makes a lot of sense that pigeons are our favorite birds because they’re always fun.

I was momentarily confused and wondered if anyone could really be so obsessed with pigeons. As it turns out, the joke was on me. I talked to other friends and co-workers, and a surprising number of them loved the humble Pidge. one new scientist An anonymous colleague confessed to having a secret dove tattoo. I also saw a news report that A couple with their adopted pigeon sleeping on their bed.

After doing a little reading, I found that pigeons have a lot to recommend. In addition to their well-known homing abilities, they are intelligent to say the least. Although they are not mammals, they do produce a type of milk. They kiss each other and praise themselves after sex, recognize individual people (And you can remember the person who was mean to you). All this put together made me think that I might be able to love this seemingly ordinary bird after all. So, armed with curiosity and a bag of oatmeal, I set out to do just that.

A little bird watching

I wanted to conduct my research with at least a sense of scientific integrity, so I came up with the idea of an “experiment.” First of all, I…