Early Universe Detection of Radio Jet Emitted by Monster 2 Galaxy

Posted on February 7, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The newly discovered radio jet is associated with J1601+3102, a highly radioloud kusar that spans an astounding 215,000 light years and exists just 1.2 billion years after the Big Bang. This structure was observed on a low-frequency array (LOFAR), Gemini North Telescope from the Gemini Near-Frared Spectrograph (GNIRS), and the hobby Eberly telescope, and the largest radio jet discovered early in the history of the universe. That's it.

J1601+3102 Radio Jet. Image credits: Lofar/Decals/Desi Legacy Imaging Surveys/lbnl/doe/ctio/noirlab/nsf/aura/F. Sweijen, Durham University/M. Zamani, NSF Noirab.

“We were looking for a quasar with a powerful radio jet in the early universe, which helped us understand how the first jets were formed and how they influenced the evolution of the galaxy. ”

“Determining the properties of a quasar, such as its mass and the speed at which it consumes the problem, is necessary to understand its formation history.”

To measure these parameters, astronomers looked for specific wavelengths emitted by quasars known as the MGII (magnesium) wide emission lines.

This signal is usually displayed in the UV wavelength range. However, due to the expansion of the universe, which causes the light emitted by the quasar to “stretch” to a longer wavelength, the magnesium signal arrives at Earth in the near-infrared wavelength range that can be detected by the Gneal.

J1601+3102 Quasar was formed when the universe was less than 1.2 billion years. It's only 9% of my current age.

Quasars can have billions of times more mass than our Sun, but this is on the small side and weighs 450 million times the mass of the Sun.

The double-sided jets are asymmetric in both brightness and distance extending from the quasar, indicating that extreme environments may be affecting them.

“Interestingly, the quasars that run this large radio jet don't have any extreme black holes mass compared to other quasars,” Dr. Gloudemans said.

“This appears to indicate that generating such a powerful jet in early universes does not necessarily require very large black holes or accretion rates.”

The previous shortage of large radio jets in early space is attributed to noise from the microwave background of the universe. This is a constant fog of microwave radiation remaining from the Big Bang.

This permanent background radiation usually reduces the radio light of such distant objects.

“Because this object is so extreme, it can actually be seen from the Earth, even if it's far away,” Dr. Gloudemans said.

“This object shows us what we can discover by combining the forces of multiple telescopes operating at different wavelengths.”

result It will be displayed in Astrophysics Journal Letter.

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Anniek J. Gloudemans et al. 2025. Monster radio jet (>66 kpc) observed in quasars from z~5. apjl 980, L8; doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/AD9609

This article is based on a press release provided by NSF's Noirlab.

Source: www.sci.news

The Statistical Structure of the Humpback Whale Song Resembles Human Language

Posted on February 7, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

An international team of researchers analyzed moans, moans, whistles, bark, screams, and creaks in recordings of humpback whale songs collected over eight years in New Caledonia.

Arnon et al. We have revealed the same statistical structure of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) Songs are characteristic of human language. Image credits: Christopher Michelle / CC by 2.0.

“I found something really fascinating,” said Dr. Emma Carroll, a marine biologist at Auckland University.

In this study, Dr. Carol and colleagues apply quantitative methods that are usually used to evaluate infantile utterances, and that this applies to culturally evolved learning songs in human languages. I found it. Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae).

In human language, structurally consistent units exhibit frequency distribution that follows the law of power. Zipfian distribution – Attributes that are likely to promote learning and enhance accurate conservation of language across generations.

The Humpback Whale Song is one of the most complex vocal displays in the Animal Kingdom and is passed down through cultural transmission, providing something compelling in parallel with human language.

These songs are highly structured, consisting of nested hierarchical components. The theme is combined with the sound elements that form the phrase, the phrases that are repeated in the theme, and the song.

If statistical properties of human language arise from cultural transmission, similar patterns should be possible to detect in whale songs.

The study authors analyzed recorded humpback whale song data over eight years using infant-inspired speech segmentation techniques.

They discovered a hidden structure in the whale song.

Specifically, these songs contain statistically coherent subsequences that fit the Zipfian distribution.

Furthermore, the length of these subsequences follows ZIPF's Law of Suspicion, an efficiency-driven principle found in many species, including humans.

This striking similarity between the two evolutionarily distant species emphasizes the deep role of learning and cultural communication in shaping communication across species, with such structural properties being exclusive to human language. It challenges the concept of being.

“The Whale Songs” at Griffith University, Dr. Jenny Allen, a leading expert on whale songs, said:

“This is why it offers such an exciting comparison.”

“These results provide unique insight into the importance of cultural communication in interspecies learning processes, particularly for learning complex communication systems.”

“A more interesting question is, rather than trying to adapt animal communication to holes in the form of “human language”? I think so. ”

“Using insights and methods from how babies learn languages allowed us to discover structures that were previously undetected in whale songs,” says Professor Inval Arnon of Hebrew University. Ta.

“This work illustrates how learning and cultural communication can form the structure of communication systems. Find similar statistical structures when complex continuous behaviors are culturally transmitted. You can do it.”

“It raises the interesting possibility that humpback whales can track the transition odds between sound elements, like human babies, and learn songs by using dips to segment those odds. Masu.”

study It was published in the journal today Science.

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Invalanon et al. 2025. The whale song shows a language-like statistical structure. Science 387 (6734): 649-653; doi: 10.1126/science.adq7055

Source: www.sci.news

Webb detects ethereal Herbig Halo objects in the Taurus Molecular Cloud.

Posted on February 7, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Using Near-infrared camera (nircam) Mid-infrared instrument (Mil)Advanced on a James Webbspace Telescope, astronomers took a stunning image of an edge-on-protoplanetary disc around a Herbig Halo object HH 30The Dark Cloud LDN 1551, is located in Taurus Molecular Cloud.

This Webb/nircam/miri shows the Herbig-Haro object HH 30. et al.

The Herbig-Haro object is a small bright patch of nebula associated with protostars in the star-forming region.

These structures were first observed in the 19th century by American astronomer Sherburn Wesley Burnham, but were not recognized as a distinct type of ejection nebula until the 1940s.

The first astronomers to study them in detail were George Harbigue and Guillermo Halo, and they were later named.

Herbig Halo objects are formed in very specific circumstances. Hot gas discharged by the newborn star collides with the gas, hitting it at a speed of up to 250,000 kmh (155,000 mph), creating a bright shock wave.

They come in a wide range of shapes. The basic configuration is usually the same. Twin jets of hot gases are ejected in the opposite direction from the forming stars and flow through interstellar space.

“HH 30 is an example of where this effluent gas takes the form of a narrow jet,” the astronomer said.

“The source star is on one end of the jet and is hidden behind an edge-on-protoplanetary disc illuminated by the star.”

Using Webb Instruments, researchers investigate HH 30 objects in great detail.

They also analyzed data from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and Atacama's Large Millimeter/Sub-Millimeter Array (ALMA).

“Long-wavelength data from Alma tracks the location of millimeter-sized dust particles in a narrow area on the middle surface of the disk,” they said.

“Short wavelength infrared data from Webb reveals the distribution of smaller dust grains.”

“These grains are one millionth of a meter in diameter. They are the size of a single bacteria.”

“Large dust grains are concentrated in the most dense portions of the disc, while small grains are much more widely used.”

“Combined with Alma's sharp radio-wavelength eyes, Webb's observations show that large dust particles must migrate within the disk and precipitate into a thin layer,” they added.

“Creating narrow, dense layers of dust is an important step in the formation of the planet.”

“In this densely populated area, dust grains together form pebbles, and ultimately form the planet itself.”

“In addition to the behavior of dust grains, images of Webb, Hubble and Alma reveal several different structures nested with each other.”

“A high-speed jet of gas appears at a 90-degree angle from the narrow central disc.”

“The narrow jet is surrounded by wider, cone-shaped spills.”

“Enclosing the cone runoff is a broad nebula that reflects the light from the young stars embedded in the disc.”

“Together, these data reveal that HH 30 is a dynamic location, where small dust grains and huge jets play a role in the formation of a new planet.”

Survey results It will be published in Astrophysical Journal.

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Ryozaki et al. 2025. JWST imaging of edge-on protranetary discs. IV. HH 30 disc mid-infrared dust scattering. APJin press; Arxiv: 2412.07523

Source: www.sci.news

George RR Martin Completes Physics Paper

Posted on February 7, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Feedback is The new scientistPopular Sideways watches the latest science and technology news. You can send the items you believe in, and readers can entertain feedback to give feedback via email feedback@newscientist.com

(Wild) Card Game

Feedback doesn’t have time or trends to select all editions of American Journal of PhysicsBut fortunately New ScientistPhysics reporters Alex Wilkins and Carmela Padavik Callaghan are contractually mandatory. Therefore, we are familiar with our newly discovered entitled papers. “The Lagrangian Dynamics of the Elgod in the Superhero Universe”.

The most immediate and impressive point is the list of two authors. One, Ian Tregirisa theoretical physicist and published author at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. The other is George R.R. Martin, author of science fiction and author of fantasy books; Night Flyer, Fevre Dream And of course, Song of ice and fire series. This has been adapted as a television game of thrones. This is “His first peer-reviewed physics publication.”.

Tregillis and Martin have developed educational exercises aimed at advanced undergraduates in physics. It is based on Wild Cards: A collection of stories set in a shared universe edited by Martin and Melinda Snodgrass.

The premise of the story is that extraterrestrial viruses have loosened on Earth and infect many humans. As Tregillis and Martin explain, “For every 100 potential carriers who experience viral expression in the body…90 experience fatal consequences. 9 is physically mutated and often deep. That's right. And 1 acquires superhuman abilities.”

The teaching exercises are built around this “fixed empirical 90:9:1 rule.” Students are encouraged to imagine that they are the theorists they live in Wild Cards Trying to solve the universe and why viruses affect these proportions of people. The point is to provide students with problems with no known solutions to encourage creative research.

The feedback gets where they are coming from, but I wonder if this will fly. Many educators tie lessons to pop culture phenomena as a hook for reluctant students, but this only works if the phenomenon in question is really well known. The best will in the world, I don't know if the feedback will be said Wild Cards.

But we think there are better options for advanced physics noodles. How does snap work? Avengers: Infinity War? It appears to propagate instantly and inevitably breaks the speed of light. Or what about Iain M. Banks's cosmology? culture novel?

I'm also surprised they haven't done anything obvious. Song of ice and fire? One viable explanation is that planets have prominent orbital wobbles, but in that case why do long-standing winters suffer the Westeros continent? Esus doesn't seem to have any cultural memories at all. Is there anything specific about the atmospheric dynamics that sometimes provide Westeros with a decade of snowstorm?

Sorry, but there was a side street. Speaking of sidetracking: George, do you just finish it? Winter wind And then I'll enter Spring dreamSo, can we all know if the planned ending of the series is better than the wet squibb that TV writers have come up with? Isn't it worse than the bits where they killed the main buddy and all his men conveniently collapsed?

New Scientist Book Club

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Animal template

In the ongoing vein of “generic AIS says the stupidest thing,” reporter Matthew Spark draws our attention to a paper on the title of Arxiv. “Owls are wise and foxes are dishonest. Discover animal stereotypes in vision language models.”. This study focused on Dall-E 3, an AI that generates images based on text prompts. Researchers provided prompts such as “generate images of gentle animals” and recorded creatures drawn by AI.

Given what we know about AIS summarizing sexist and racist ratios, Dall-e 3 is a stereotypical torrential predictability I pumped it out. All faithful animals were dogs, wise animals were mainly owls, and naughty animals were mainly raccoons and foxes. Feedback is pretty sure that dogs can be mischievous. Our last dog was incredibly mean when it came to stealing cat food or finding fox poop stripes, but Dall-e 3 clearly gave us a more one-dimensional view of dogs. I'm doing it.

In case the feedback cat reads this, we can't even repeat the honor lib loss for the cat fucked by the Dall-E 3.

Luckily, other AIs are getting better. for example, Mid JanuaryApple has since suspended its AI news notification system It is repeatedly supplied Absurd and misleading headlinesinclude “Netanyahu has been arrested.”. Ah, no, that's not good.

All sleep

a press release Warns feedback to published research Functional Ecology January 5th Evolution of dormant behaviors such as Torpor and Hibernation. By examining which animals become dormant and unable to, the researchers conclude that nutrition and hibernation evolved several times independently among the sclerosted animals.

Some may interpret this as the incredible creativity and flexibility of evolution in a complete exhibition. But feedback interprets it as an evolution that has failed us. Where we are is cold, dark, wet, and the feedback is pretty fantastical. You should do that for three months.

Have you talked about feedback?

You can send stories to feedback by email at feedback@newscientist.com. Include your home address. This week and past feedback can be found on our website.

Source: www.newscientist.com

Precioauro’s remarkable fossil retains its skin and scales

Posted on February 7, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

A new Pleciosaurus skeleton from Ulwerd Mushamhauf, Holzmaden, Germany

Klaus nilkens/urwelt-museum hauff

The soft tissue of the Pleciosaurus was first studied in detail, revealing that marine reptiles living in the dinosaur era and simultaneously extinct, had similar scales to modern sea turtles.

The 183 million years of 4.5 meters long Plesiosaurus fossil known as the MH7 was first excavated in 1940 from a quarry near Holzmadden, Germany, but was intended to protect it during World War II. He was buried in the museum garden. . It then spent the next 75 years in storage until it was finally assembled in 2020 and ready to study.

Miguel Marx Lund University in Sweden and his team provided thin sections of fossils. The minerals then melted and were treated with organic ruins. This allowed them to study the microscopic structure of fossil tissue.

Illustration of a plesiosaurus with smooth, unscaled skin along the scale and body on a flipper

Joshua Nuppe

Although at least eight other plesiosaurus fossils are known to have soft tissue conservation, most are historically important museum specimens and are used to study them using destructive sampling methods. It's impossible to do, says Marx. “This is the first time we have performed a detailed analysis of fossilized soft tissues from Plesiosaurus,” he says.

The team was surprised to find that the reptiles have both areas of smooth, scaly skin. “Together, this plesioaurus was an interesting chimera between a scaled green sea turtle-like thing and scale. [smooth-skinned] Leatherback turtle,” says Marx. “I would have expected this plesiosaurus to be as scaleless as modern Fischozard.”

The scaled skin of the flippers, he says, helped the plesiosaurus swim in the water, perhaps by providing stiffness, or migrated along the seabed while searching for food. Scaleless skins on the rest of the body would have reduced the impact of drag when swimming.

“The actual appearance of the long neck plesio sauce is truly everyone's guess, but thanks to this new fossil, we now have a better idea,” says Marx.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

The ancient origins of London’s underground mutant mosquitoes

Posted on February 6, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Culex Pipiens f. Molester It is a species of mosquito found in cities around the world

BlickWinkel / Alamy Stock Photo

The shape of mosquitoes associated with the London Underground Railway has evolved to live in human environments long before the birth of the Underground Railway, born at the age of 19.^thh century.

Culex Pipiens f. Molester It was found in cities around the world, but was widely known as an underground mosquito in London after World War II.

It is closely related to the chewing shape of the same species of bird, known as Culex Pipiens f. Pipiens, And biologists thought that within the past few centuries the form of molestation had evolved in urban environments.

To learn more about its origins, Lindy McBride Princeton University and her colleagues analyzed the DNA of 790 mosquitoes from 44 countries around the world, including the shapes of Molestus and Pipiens, several closely related species.

The results suggest that rather than occurring in London's tube tunnels, Molestus Mosquito evolved in the Middle East perhaps thousands of years ago. There are three main evidence for this.

First, the morphology of Molestus is genetically closer to the pipiens population in the Mediterranean basin than the pipiens population in Northern Europe. They are such things as these Mediterranean Pipiens mosquitoes, suggesting that one arises from the other.

Additionally, molestation mosquitoes in the Eastern Mediterranean region are more genetically diverse than molestation in underground habitats in northern Europe. “This suggests that they have been in the Eastern Mediterranean for quite some time,” says McBride.

Finally, Pipiens forms do not exist in the Middle East. This makes it much easier to imagine how the ancestors of Molestus Mosquitoes colonized the region and evolved to bite humans in isolation without mating with bird-biting pipingan insects , says McBride.

Based on the team's analysis of genetic variation, it is almost certain that Molestus mosquitoes are much older than previously thought, McBride says. “Our calculations show that it must have been at least 1,000 years ago, and 2000 to 10,000 years ago. [that they evolved]. This is perfectly aligned with the development of agriculture in the Middle East. ”

“Instead of evolving from scratch in urban underground spaces, Molestus was already prepared for urban life thanks to much older adaptations,” she says. “It could have evolved even further since it was once established in a city.”

The busy urban environment could lead to a new hybrid between the bite and human bite forms of birds, which are public health significance, says McBride. “Even if hybridization is rare, these mosquitoes may exhibit intermediate behavior and may exhibit improved ability to communicate through the West Nile. [virus] From birds to humans. ”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Humpback Whale Songs Show Similarities to Human Language Patterns

Posted on February 6, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Humpback whales in the South Pacific

Tony Woo/Nature Picture Library/Aramie

Humpback whale songs have statistical patterns in their structure, but they are very similar to those found in human language. This does not mean that songs convey complex meanings like our sentences, but that whales may learn songs in a similar way to how human infants begin to understand language. It suggests.

Only male humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) When you sing, actions are considered important to attract peers. The songs are constantly evolving, and new elements appear and spread in the population until old songs are replaced with completely new ones.

“I think it's like a standardized test. Everyone has to do the same task, but changing or decorating to show that they're better at tasks than others can be done. You can do it.” Jenny Allen At Griffith University, in the Gold Coast, Australia.

Instead of trying to find meaning in songs, Allen and her colleagues were looking for innate structural patterns similar to those found in human language. They analyzed eight years of whale songs recorded around New Caledonia in the Pacific Ocean.

The researchers began by creating alphanumeric codes to represent all the songs on every recording, including a total of around 150 unique sounds. “Essentially it's a different sounding group, so maybe a year will make a groaning cry. So we may have an AAB.

Once all the songs were encoded, a team of linguists had to understand how best to analyze so much of the data. The breakthrough occurred when researchers decided to use an analytical technique that applies to methods of discovering words called transition probability.

“The speech is continuous and there is no pause between words, so infants must discover the boundaries of the word.” Invalanon At Hebrew University in Jerusalem. “To do this, use low-level statistics. Specifically, if they are part of the same word, the sounds are more likely to occur together. Infants Use these dips in the possibility of discovering the boundaries of words following another sound.”

For example, the phrase “cute flower” intuitively recognizes that the syllable “pre” and “tty” are more likely to go together than “tty” or “flow.” “If there is a similar statistical structure in a whale song, these cues should also help segment it,” Arnon says.

Using the alphanumeric version of Whale Song, the team calculated the probability of transition between successive sound elements and cut it when the previous sound elements were amazing.

“These cuts divide the song into segmented subsequences,” Arnon says. “We then looked at their distribution and, surprisingly, discovered that they follow the same distribution as seen in all human languages.”

In this pattern called Zipfian distribution, the prevalence of less common words drops in a predictable way. Another impressive finding is that the most common whale sounds tend to be shorter, as is the case with the most common human language.

Nick Enfield At the University of Sydney, who was not involved in the research, it says it is a novel way to analyze whale songs. “What that means is when you analyze it War and peacethe most frequent words are the next twice as often, and researchers have identified similar patterns in whale songs,” he says.

Team Members Simon Carby The University of Edinburgh in the UK says he didn't think this would work. “I will never forget the moment the graph appears. It appears to be familiar from human language,” he says. “This has made me realize that it uncovered a deep commonality between these two species, separated by tens of millions of years of evolution.”

However, researchers emphasize that this statistical pattern does not lead to the conclusion that whale songs are languages that convey meaning as we understand them. They suggest that the possible reason for commonality is that both whale songs and human languages are culturally learned.

“The physical distribution of words and sounds in languages is a truly fascinating feature, but there are millions of other things about languages that are completely different from whale songs,” Enfield says.

In another study It was released this week, Mason Young Blood At Stony Brook University in New York, we found that other marine mammals may also have structural similarities to human language in communication.

Menzeras' law predicting that sentences with more words should consist of shorter words were present in 11 of the 16 species of disease studied. The ZIPF abbreviation law was discovered in two of the five types in which the available data can now be detected.

“To sum up, our research suggests that humpback whale songs have evolved to be more efficient and easier to learn, and that these features can be found in the level of notes within the phrase, phrases within the song. I'm doing it,” Youngblood says.

“Importantly, the evolution of these songs is also biological and cultural. Although some features, such as Menzerath's Law, can emerge through the biological evolution of voice devices, Other features such as the rank frequency method of ZIPF are [the Zipfian distribution]there may be times when cultural communication of songs between individuals is necessary,” he says.

topic:

animal/
Whale and dolphin

Source: www.newscientist.com

The latest technology enables scanning of faces in 3D from hundreds of meters away

Posted on February 6, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The new imaging device can capture 3D scans of human faces hundreds of meters away

Aon McCarthy of Heriot Watt University

After 325 meters apart, your eyes can probably distinguish a person’s head from the body. However, new laser-based devices can create three-dimensional models of faces.

Aongus McCarthy The University of Heriot Watt in Scotland and his colleagues have built a device that can create detailed three-dimensional images containing 1 millimeter ridges and indents a few hundred meters apart. An imaging technique called Lidar is used to emit pulses of laser light, collide with the object and is reflected on the device. Based on how long it takes each pulse to return, Lidar can determine the shape of the object.

To reach this level of detail, the team had to carefully tune and align many different components, McCarthy said, including small parts that direct the laser pulse into the device. To enable discrimination between single light particles, the researchers used photodetectors based on extremely thin superconducting wires, a component not common in LIDAR. Exclude sunlight that could enter the detector and break down the image was another challenge.

Researchers tested the rider system on a roof near the lab by taking detailed three-dimensional images of the team members’ heads from 45 meters and 325 meters apart. On a small scale, they captured LEGO figurines from a distance of 32 meters.

The imaging system can scan LEGO characters from 32 meters away

Aon McCarthy of Heriot Watt University

Another test imaged a segment of a communications tower one kilometre away. “It was a very difficult test. I couldn’t control what the scene could do due to the bright background. [that we were imaging]McCarthy says.

Feihu Xu At the University of Science and Technology in China, the team previously used LIDAR for imaging From 200km awayMcCarthy and his colleagues say they achieved “amazing results” in terms of the device’s depth resolution. “It’s the best so far,” he says.

Lidar says that modern technology is only becoming more relevant Vivek Goyal at Boston University, Massachusetts. He says that being able to create detailed 3D maps of the surroundings is also important for self-driving cars and some robots, but before using them for this purpose, new devices need to be made smaller and more compact. There is.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Hair Tests for Autism Screening

Posted on February 6, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

summary

Tests designed to identify biomarkers associated with autism have become available in most states.
The test is intended to help doctors rule out autism in children who are likely to do so.
The results are based on metabolic analysis that requires only the hair chain, but experts say more research is needed.

Tests designed to identify biomarkers associated with autism in infants and young children are open to the public in most states.

New Jersey startup Linusbio began testing on Thursday called Clearstrand-ASD. This test requires only one strand of hair.

This test is neither designed to diagnose autism spectrum disorder nor to be used alone. Instead, it aims to help doctors rule out autism in children, which is likely to be the case. This may be because the child has a sibling with autism or demonstrated behaviors related to the disorder.

Manish Arora, co-founder of Linusbio and its CEO, said Clearstrand-ASD is the only biochemical test available to detect autism spectrum disorder in children under 18 months of age. He hopes it will make the process of eliminating autism more efficiently and reduce the waiting time for those who need intervention or treatment the most.

“The focus is really on early intervention,” Alora said. “The sooner you intervene, the better your kids will.”

This test uses children’s hair to analyze the history of metabolism. Metabolic history tells the story of substances or toxins that have been exposed or processed over time, Arora previously told NBC News. His research has identified patterns of Metal exposure or metabolism dysregulation Some evidence suggests that it may be related to autism. Hair can provide a kind of timeline of what is happening in a child’s body, including patterns of metal exposure at certain stages of development.

“We can detect a clear rhythm of autism with about a centimeter of hair,” Arora previously told NBC News, and what the environment was like during a certain period of growth when a wooden ring was growing. We compared the dynamics and ways in which the story can be told.

The Food and Drug Administration has not approved the Clearstrand ASD test. However, as of Thursday, it is available to consumers in 44 states. If only I could pay $2,750. (I am not eligible for insurance coverage yet.) This test can be ordered directly from a primary care provider or Linusbio. This sets up the appointments of the independent physicians and telehealth that it offers, Arora said.

“You come to us, you get a prescription from an independent clinician. We’ll send you a kit. You’ll get results within about three weeks,” he said.

Diagnostic aid is still in the early stages of development, with limited data supporting its effectiveness. On Thursday, Linusbio shared several new first findings at the Metabolomics and Human Health Conference in Ventura, California. In a group of 490 children in California, who are at high risk for autism spectrum disorder, the test was able to eliminate it with an accuracy of around 92.5%, the company said. However, the results are not published in peer-reviewed journals.

2022 study on the company’s methodologyWe analyzed another Linusbio test published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine and found that it was still under development and that the methodology accurately predicts autism diagnosis (positive and negative) about 81% of the time .

The test is one of several promising ideas researchers are pursuing as a way to identify or exclude autism early in their children’s lives. Other scientists are considering eye tracking, blood tests and audio analysis as possible methods.

ClearStrand-ASD works by running the laser on the length of the hair being tested, turning the hair into a plasma that can be processed with machine learning algorithms. The results of the full analysis are expected within 3 weeks, after which the parents of the child participate in the follow-up telehealth appointment.

External experts said that while Linusbio’s hair strand test is promising, more research is needed.

“For me, this feels like it’s not the earliest, it’s on the early side of things. Stephen, a professor of pediatrics at the University of Missouri School of Medicine and Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Stephen, a professor of pediatrics at the University of Missouri School of Medicine and Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment. Schenkop said: “This seems like an approach that could become part of a set of ways children can be screened for concern, but it’s more. It’s at the stage where you need evidence of that.

Sheinkopf works closely with primary care physicians who are concerned about the possibility of autism by families with young children who are careful to monitor their development and screen for autism. It suggested that there was.

“Sometimes, I see new shiny tools. I want to skip what’s already available,” he said.

Sheinkopf also noted parents who have evidence of differences in child development You can seek federally mandated services without a formal diagnosis.

Seeking a diagnosis of autism in a child can take a long time. American Academy of Pediatrics Autism screening is recommended at 18 and 24 months. Neurological tests, language assessment, behavioral observation, and other methods are ultimately used to diagnose children.

By helping to rule out autism in some children, Arora has given priority to the attention of those most needy, and wait times for families seeking care and treatment. He said he hopes it can be shortened.

Rebeccaranda, executive director of the Center for Autism Services, Science and Innovation at Kennedy Krieger Institute, a Baltimore pediatric care center focused on developmental disorders, has a shortage of experts to help diagnose and treat autism. He said he is doing it. That’s why she hopes that the test will make the child’s flow to professionals more efficient.

“It can accelerate the speed at which children are seen, and like that, children with very low chances of autism sit in a pipeline waiting to meet some kind of expert. Not,” she said.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Tiny proteins that repair tooth enamel

Posted on February 6, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Over 50% of the world’s population experiences at least one cavity in childhood, increasing to over 90% in adults. Using a fluoride gagging agent, brushing and flossing twice daily and getting fillings as needed is a standard practice to maintain good dental hygiene. Still, dentists fill more than 100 million cavities around the world each year, on average. What if there is a way to prevent it? and Reverse cavity? Dental researchers recently tested a new method of restoring the structure of teeth before major damage occurs.

Our teeth are made up of minerals made up of calcium and phosphates. When the acids and bacteria in our mouth break down these minerals, our teeth experience Demineralisation. When dechlorination drills holes in the protective layer outside the tooth, a cavity forms; enamel. If left untreated, these holes will deepen and slowly collapse over time the enamel and remaining teeth.

Brushing teeth and using mouthwash can clean acids and bacteria from the mouth to prevent the initial cavity, but dental researchers want to demineralize and therefore reverse the cavity. Tooth-like minerals line themselves up in shapes similar to snowflakes and diamonds. Crystal-like structure. They also tend to complete their own patterns by fusing firmly with the surrounding minerals. Therefore, researchers hope to use this natural process to reconstruct dental minerals into their crystal-like structures.

One way to encourage scientists to begin reconstructing teeth is to use small chains of molecules that form proteins. peptide. Scientists use a specific peptide called An Enamel-binding peptide Or EBP can help bind calcium and phosphate to crystallize. When you soak your teeth in a container filled with EBP, the minerals bind to it. Minerals from the solution do not stick to the teeth without EBPS. This makes these peptides an important component in crystal growth.

This knowledge led Japanese researchers to bind teeth with minerals, assuming that they could be soaked in EBP called wgnyayk and immersed in calcium and phosphate solutions. If this process works, build or effectively return the hard surface of the teeth. reminderalize Its enamel.

To test this idea, the researchers acquired 30 cow teeth and randomly separated them into three groups. They degrined the enamel of each tooth by placing it in a solution containing acetic acid at a pH of 4.5 for 7-9 days to mimic how natural tooth enamel fades. After this process, the scientists coated two groups of teeth with wgnyayk peptides and did not leave the other groups. They immersed them in a remineralization solution containing monopotasium phosphate and buffer at a pH of 7. The researchers also added a green pigment to the solution that brightens and brightens the harder the enamel surface. The more dense the minerals, the more intense the enamel and brighten the teeth.

Scientists analyzed teeth soaked in WGNYAYK peptide solution under a laser microscope. They found that the higher the concentration of the peptide solution that had soaked in the teeth, the brighter fluorescent green. They explained that this correlation means that the combination of peptide and mineral baths partially restored tooth enamel.

The researchers considered their experiment a success because the EBP they tested promoted dental remineralization. Next, they are trying to create a local application of this EBP for clinical research. They warned that before this EBP is brought to trial in humans, scientists should investigate the composition and potential adverse effects of reinserted teeth. Still, the researchers concluded that their success was a step in the right direction for dentistry. Future testing will check whether EBP treatment is effective in human teeth as well as in cow teeth.

Post view: 83

Source: sciworthy.com

First successful production of Kangaroo embryos via in vitro fertilization (IVF)

Posted on February 6, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

It’s a major scientific leap – or at least the hop.

Australian researchers said Thursday it was the first time it produced the first kangaroo embryos through intravitro fertilization, a breakthrough that helped save endangered species from extinction.

Australia is not a shortage of kangaroos – bouncing creatures are generally eaten there – but they are from a group of mammalian marsupials that have been mostly discovered in the country and have lost many species due to extinction.

Prime Minister Andres Gambini, a lecturer at the University of Queensland, said that using kangaroo eggs and sperm by researchers could help support the conservation of these marsupials.

“Our team has built up years of experience dealing with livestock reproductive techniques, such as livestock and horses,” Gambini told NBC News via email. “Adapting these techniques to the unique biology of kangaroos allowed us to create embryos in our lab for the first time.”

This study will help scientists learn more about how marsupial embryos grow because they breed differently than other mammals.

“Kangaroos have a very short pregnancy and embryos can enter suspended animations for several months,” Gambini said. “Our success at IVF helps us to better understand the early stages of these developments.”

Australia is one of the world’s most biological countries, but has the highest rate of mammal extinction. Australia’s Invasive Species Council says that since the European settlement, at least 33 mammal species have been extinct, with many of their marsupials extinct.

Due to its historically high extinction rate, the Australian government announced its 10 years in 2022. “Zero Extinction” plan To protect those under threat, we reserve at least 30% of the country’s land mass for conservation.

“If we continue to do what we do, more plants and animals will be extinct,” Australia’s Environment Minister Tanya Privelesek said in the report. “Even koalas are currently at risk on Australia’s east coast.”

Currently, according to 2023, more than 2,200 species in the country are classified as extinct. Report Australian nonprofit foundation.

“Laws intended to protect the nature of Australia have failed,” the report states, with the major conservation policies in countries that existed “are barely monitored and rarely enforced, and businesses are able to naturally qualify. It’s full of loopholes that allow you to destroy it.”

Kangaroos are not at risk, but researchers at the University of Queensland have said that their latest breakthroughs include koalas, Tasmanian demons and other endangered species on the continent, including the hairy nose wombats in the north I hope it will help maintain marsupial species.

“This study provides new tools to maintain the genetic material of endangered species,” Gambini said. “By creating and freezing embryos, we can protect the unique genes of these animals.”

This is not the first time IVF has been used as a tool to preserve endangered species.

Last year, Italian scientists achieved the world’s first IVF rhino pregnancy, offering hope to save Kenya’s northern white rhinoceros – two of which remain on Earth from extinction. They did so by transferring lab-created rhinoembryos to surrogate mothers.

Still, Gambini said the latest IVF breakthrough is just one step on the long road to a more comprehensive solution.

“There’s a lot of unknowns because we’re the first and there’s still so much to discover,” he says, and when combined with other strategies, “make a real difference in some kind of risky kind of thing.” “You can do that.”

Source: www.nbcnews.com

69 million years ago, the famous waterfowl of Antarctica was thriving.

Posted on February 6, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

American and Australian paleontologists have discovered and explained the new, almost complete skull of Vegavis Iaai, a diver bird species in Footpro, which lived in Antarctica during the latest Cretaceous period between 69.2 and 68.4 million years ago. New fossils provide insight into bird feeding ecology and show morphology that supports placement among waterfowls in Crown Group (modern) birds.

Vegavis Iaai. Image credit: Mark Whitton.

Vegavis Iaai was first discovered 20 years ago by a research team led by Austin paleontologists, led by the University of Texas.

At the time, the species was proposed as an early member of the crown bird, which evolved into nests among waterfowls.

However, crown birds are very rare before end extinction, and more recent research has raised questions about the evolutionary position of Vegavis Iaai.

“There are few birds who are likely to start as many arguments as paleontologists do. Vegavis,” said Professor Christopher Torres of the University of the Pacific.

“This new fossil will help resolve many of these debates. Chief among them: Where are you? Vegavis Iaai Are you sitting on the bird of life tree?”

Almost complete skull of Vegavis Iaai collected during the 2011 expedition Antarctic Peninsula Paleontology Project.

Professor Torres and his colleagues produced an almost complete three-dimensional reconstruction of the new specimen.

Team analysis reveals typical bird brain shapes and supports the placement of Vegavis Iaai among the waterfowl family, and as relatives of ducks and geese.

However, in this study, the birds had elongated, pointed beaks that drive the strengthened jaw muscles.

“The fossil highlights that Antarctica has a lot to say to us about the early stages of modern bird evolution,” said Professor Patrick O’Connor of Ohio University.

“A bird known almost simultaneously from other parts of the globe is barely recognizable by modern bird standards.”

Furthermore, most of the few sites that have even preserved delicate bird fossils produce incomplete specimens that are so incomplete that they don’t only give hints to their identities. Vegavis until now.

“And some places with substantial fossil records of late Cretaceous birds like Madagascar and Argentina are the strange birds with teeth and long bone tails that are only associated with modern birds. It reveals birds.”

“It seems that something very different is happening in the distance in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in the Antarctic.”

Study was published in the journal Nature.

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Cr Torres et al. 2025. The skulls of Cretaceous Antarctic birds elucidate the ecological diversity of early birds. Nature 638, 146-151; doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08390-0

Source: www.sci.news

Study shows deliberate use of geometric patterns in Paleolithic artifacts from the Levantin Cave

Posted on February 6, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

In the new study, archaeologists analyzed five inscribed artifacts from the Paleolithic period in central Levantin. Two engraved levalovacores from the Manot and Kahuze caves, engraved plackets from the site of Kneitra, and flakes and cortical blades from the Amdo caves. Their findings highlight the intentionality behind the sculpture and provide important insights into the development of abstract thinking and the cultural complexity of mid-Paleolithic society.

Carved cortical revarova core of the Manot Cave. Image credit: E. Ostrovsky/M. Smelansky/E. Paixão/L. Schunk.

Until now, the intentionality of central Paleolithic incised stone artifacts has been widely accepted and not fully supported by empirical testing.

Many archaeologists view these marks as functional and were created through the use of tools or natural wear.

Being skeptical of the existence of abstract or symbolic thinking in early hominins, understanding that symbolic actions such as art and abstract expressions appear much later than human evolution and are particularly relevant to modern people. I have.

Current research challenges the view by providing evidence of intentional and symbolic sculptures before global colonization by modern humans.

This study focuses on artifacts from major Levantin sites, including Dr. May Goldberger, an archaeologist at Hebrew and Ben Gurion University, as well as the outdoor sites of Manot Cave, Amdo Cave, Kahuze Cave and Queneitra. I guessed it.

Using advanced 3D surface analysis, the researchers examined the shape and pattern of the incision to distinguish intentional engraving from functional marks.

The findings reveal significant differences. The artifacts of Manot, Kahuze and Queneitra feature careful sculptures with geometric patterns that match the surface topography, highlighting aesthetic and symbolic intent.

In contrast, the incisions of artifacts from Amud Cave are shallow and unscattered, consistent with their functional use as an appraider.

“Abstract thinking is the basis of human cognitive evolution,” said Dr. Goder-Goldberger.

“The intentional sculpture found in these artifacts emphasizes the ability to represent symbolic representation and proposes a society with high conceptual capabilities.”

“The methodology we employed not only emphasize the intentional nature of these sculptures, but also provides for the first time a comparative framework for studying similar artifacts, enriching understanding of mid-term paleolithic society.” Zentrum für Archäogie, University of Johannes Gutenberg, University of Algarve.

“The inscribed artifacts of Qafzeh, Queneitra, and Manot are isolated initiatives within time series and geographical contexts, but the similarity of the shared properties and pattern structure of the incision itself suggests intentional and pre-determined behavior. I am.

“These findings provide a greater understanding of symbolic behavior and provide important insights into the cognitive and cultural development of early hominins.”

“This study illustrates an important step in understanding the scope of our ancestors' symbolic behavior and bridging the gap between the use of functional tools and abstract representation.”

Team paper Published in the journal Archaeological and anthropological sciences.

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M. Goder-Goldberger et al. 2025. An incised stone craft from the complexity of ancient stones and human behavior in the central Levantin. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 17, 27; doi:10.1007/s12520-024-02111-4

Source: www.sci.news

Earth and Mars’ foundational materials were initially abundant in moderately volatile elements.

Posted on February 6, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

A new analysis of the metstones of magmatic iron challenges traditional theories about why Earth and Mars are depleted with moderately volatile elements.

Bendego met stone. Image credit: Jorge Andrade / CC by 2.0.

Medium volatile elements (MVEs) such as copper and zinc play an important role in planetary chemistry with essential elements of life, such as water, carbon, and nitrogen.

Understanding its origins provides important clues as to why the Earth has become a habitable world.

Earth and Mars contain significantly fewer MVEs than primitive metstones (chondrites), raising basic questions about the planetary layer.

This new study employs a new approach by analyzing iron meteorites (the metal core remnants of the earliest planetary building blocks) to reveal new insights.

“We’ve seen a lot of experience in the world,” said Dr. Damanveer Grewal, a researcher at Arizona State University.

“This discovery reconstructs our understanding of how the planet acquired its components.”

Until now, scientists believed that MVE was lost because they were not completely condensed in the early solar system or escaped during planetary differentiation.

However, new research reveals a different story. It is held by many MVEs on the first planet, suggesting that the building blocks of Earth and Mars later lost theirs.

Surprisingly, the authors discovered that many inner solar system planets retain abundance of MVEs like chondrites, and accretion continues despite being differentiated. It indicates that it has been saved.

This was not because Earth and Mars ancestors began to deplete with these elements, but instead occurred in the long history of collision growth, rather than incomplete condensation of solar nebulae or planet differentiation. Suggests that.

“Our work redefines how we understand the chemical evolution of planets,” Dr. Grewal said.

“It shows that the components of Earth and Mars were originally rich in these vital elements, but the intense collisions during the planet’s growth caused depletion.”

study Published in the journal Advances in Science.

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Damanveer S. Grewal et al. 2025. Enrichment of moderate volatile elements in first-generation planets of the inner solar system. Advances in Science 11 (6); doi:10.1126/sciadv.adq7848

Source: www.sci.news

Roman scrolls buried under volcanic ash finally deciphered in 2000

Posted on February 6, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Pherc.172 scroll revealed by X-ray imaging

Vesuvius Challenge

Ancient Roman scrolls were read for the first time since they were burned by a volcanic eruption on Mount Vesuvius two thousand years ago, thanks to artificial intelligence and powerful X-ray facilities.

The Papyrus scroll is one of the 1800s rescued from a single room in the ornate villas of the Roman town of Herculaneum in the 1750s, and is now the Italian town of El Corano. They were all carbonated by the heat of the volcanic debris that buried them.

Initially, locals unconsciously burned the scroll as fire, but were preserved when it was discovered to contain text. About 200 were then painstakingly opened and read by laborious mechanical devices. Based on the clock, you will get scrolls in millimeters slowly engraved.

Three of these scrolls were kept at the Bodrian Library at Oxford University, and was talented in 1804 by the future King George IV. At the time, the Wales Rince exchanged kangaroo troops for the Napurites of Ferdinand IV in exchange for scrolls. (The King of Naples had built an elaborate garden and animal collection for his lover.)

One of these three scrolls known as PEREC.172 has been imaged and analyzed using machine learning algorithms. Scanned with a diamond light source in Oxfordshire, there is a very powerful X-ray device known as the Synchrotron, and the resulting data is now available. Vesuvius Challenge – Competition with the $700,000 Grand Prize for interpreting text from scrolls.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5xmdspramo

This method says it is much better than trying to mechanically open the scroll, Peter TossCurator of the Bodrian Library. “The only problem, or risk, is that imaging is so special that it can't be done here. That means the scroll has to leave the facility, and we're very nervous about it. I did,” he says.

Researchers have so far revealed several columns of approximately 26 lines of text in each column. Scholars now want to read the entire scroll, but we can already see the ancient Greek word Διατροπή, meaning “aversion.” Toth suspects it somehow relates to a philosopher EpiclassAs many other scrolls found on the same site have.

Felk. The 172 was the only one of the three scrolls from the Bodleian Library that seemed stable enough to move, only in a specially 3D printed case within another padded box. “The hope is that technology can improve dramatically. [in the future] Items don't have to travel anywhere, but technology can come to us,” says Toth.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

The ancient ancestors of geese are the earliest recorded modern birds

Posted on February 6, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Vegavis Iaai was an ancient relative of ducks and geese, but it dived for fish like graves and runes

Mark Whitton

The 69 million-year-old skull found in Antarctica is identified as a relative of geese and ducks, making it the oldest known modern bird.

It belongs to the first identified species named 20 years ago Vegavis Iaai, He lived alongside the last dinosaurs in the late Cretaceous period. However, only fragments of the skull had been discovered previously, so scientists were unable to agree on what kind of bird it was, or whether it was a non-vian dinosaur like a bird instead.

The fossil skull was discovered in 2011 on Vega Island off the coast of Antarctic Peninsula. However, it was enveloped in such a fierce rock that the excavator had to scrape away the surrounding stones for hundreds of hours before scanning to reveal details about its interior.

Patrick O'Connor At Ohio University, which worked on the analysis, it says that two almost perfect skull features occur only in modern birds. First, the upper beak is made up of bones, which are primarily called the anterior axis, and the size of the second bone, the maxilla, is significantly reduced, contributing only to a small portion of the bone-palate.

Second, in modern birds, the forebrain is huge compared to the rest of the brain. Like pre-modern birds and dinosaurs of nearby birds Velociraptorthese areas are proportionally much smaller.

meanwhile Vegavis According to O'Connor, it has the ability to clearly mark it as being in the same group of waterfowls as ducks and geese. The bird's beak shape, jaw muscle tissue and hind legs suggest that they were very specialized in diving into the pursuit of fish.

“Perhaps you can easily mistake it for modern graves and runes. This is only related to ducks and each other,” he says.

Jacqueline Nguyen The Australian Museum in Sydney says that this ancient species has been the subject of many debate among bird evolutionary scientists, but new research will help resolve the debate.

“together, [the evidence] It suggests that Vegavis It looks completely different from the duck and geese parents, and this could have been an “evolutionary experiment” in the early history of this group of birds.” says.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Deepseek shatters the AI hype – all bets are now off

Posted on February 5, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

In poker, the value of your hand cards is often less important than what your competitors think you might hold. As long as you can convince others you have, you don’t need a Royal Flush.

Openai CEO Sam Altman was well aware of this and played extensive poker during his student days. Following the astronomical success of its generative artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT, the company is confident that it has all the aces to many supporters, and scale is the key to advancement, and betting on this is a great reward. We are telling the world that we will get it.

On January 21st, Altman announced Stargate. It announced a $500 billion plan to build a huge data center for future AI models. As he said in a 2023 interview, “Competing with us is absolutely hopeless.”

But it appears that Chinese AI company Deepseek is now calling his bluff. It has sent shockwaves through Silicon Valley over the past two weeks. This is clearly the best of Openai’s ability, but it releases AI models that are just a small part of cost and computing power? This young startup has many employees like Openai, less than a tenth of them, and US companies have a secret recipe for building AI, or to do so. It hindered the idea that resources were needed.

Deepseek has put the hole in the idea that US companies hold secret recipes for building AI

For those worried about the accumulation of power in Silicon Valley, the arrival of competition is welcome, but Deepseek’s model brings concerns of its own. For one thing, the answer is closely stuck to the Chinese government’s party line. Censorship in real time. Security researchers have warned about this too. There is no robust guardrail for improper use.

Nevertheless, upon arriving at the scene, it is suggested that there is still a major innovation in generative AI. Furthermore, cheaper models that require less computing power should open the door to whole new applications of technology. If there are more players around the table, your stakes won’t be higher.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

New brain cell discovery may regulate when you should stop eating

Posted on February 5, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Manipulating neuron types can make snacks more likely to resist

5M3Photos/Getty Images

Neurons in the mouse brain tell them to stop eating when they have enough food. And since people probably have the same cells, they may one day manipulate them to help treat obesity.

“The main question we were trying to answer was how our brains sense and respond to different signals.” Alexander Nectau At Columbia University in New York.

To learn more, he and his colleagues used a kind of molecular profiling to distinguish between different cell types in the mouse brain. In the dorsal trunk nucleus, part of the brainstem associated with functions such as feeding, mood, and sleep, we encountered cells that produce a hormone called cholecystokinin, which helps regulate appetite.

To study what these cells feel to make them work, researchers measured their activity as mice spent the day. “Every time an animal eats a bite, activity has risen and then it has become corrupted,” says Nectow. “These neurons sense and use information such as food smells and sights, food tastes, food sensations in the intestines, and neurohormones released in response to intestinal foods and so on. You can actually finish your meal.

Next, researchers used a technique called optogenetics. This involves engineering neurons so that they can turn them on and off with light. The mice slowed their diet when they used light to activate them. The more intense the activation, the slower and stopped the animal.

Neurons sit in the brainstem and are similar ancestor characteristics across vertebrates, so Nectow probably thinks we have them too. “We didn’t confirm that, but my guess is that humans have these neurons.”

The team also discovered that mouse neurons can be activated by compounds called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists. Brand names such as Ozempic and Wegovy.

If these neurons have the same function in people, theoretically, they can either control the feeding habits of obese people or combine this approach with GLP-1-based drugs to increase greater weight loss. They can be adjusted to achieve, says Nectau.

“Understanding the circuits governing meal halts is particularly important in an environment of near-ubiquitous food availability,” he says. Jeff Davis At Swansea University, UK. “The authors used elegant methods to identify these important cell populations.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

The weirdest picture featuring 15 tiny creatures in nature

Posted on February 5, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Are you an insect fan? Please leave now: Victory image Royal Insect SocietyThe 2024 photography competition has been announced.

This year's close-up creature selection has a very terrible appearance beetle, unfortunate mummy hornet, and a unique monochrome butterfly. However, according to the judge, the most interesting picture was a photo of Gnart's egg (not Srek's parent Relative, but a robbery). This image, snapped by Benjamin Salb, is introduced in incredible details of the crimson eyes of the bug wide set.

The overall winner of the “Under 18” category was Alexis Tinker Zabara, a 17-year-old German photographer, and was an image of a big woman's jagged bug waiting for her prey on the flower head.

The Royal Insect Society exists to enhance the general understanding and gratitude of insects and the diverse and important roles they play in our global ecosystem.

Environmental category insects

A close-up photo of Bacillus Aricasninf with photos taken in a mountain near Athens, Greece. Photo: Panagiotis Dalagiorgos/RES

Insect portrait category

Dogbuttle (Geottle Pidae) taken in a dunes in a dunes in the UK. Photo: Ben James

Overall runner-up

BRACONIDAE, a parasitic insect, has attacked the Drepanosiphum Platanoidis. The sparrow larva from the aphids has built a COCO like a disc under the “mummified” body. Photo: Rupert Lees/RES

Insect behavior category

The process known as “spawning agents” depicts egg spawning. Photos by Jamie Spenceory/RES

Smartphone category

The blue clown butterfly (Ricanpa Rinji) took a rest on a dazzling dynamic pattern wings with the sun rays and shot it on a smartphone. Photo: SRITAM KUMAR SETHY/RES

read more:

Why does a butterfly fly straight?

Winners in the category of less than 18 seconds

A big woman's jagged ambush bug (PHYMATINAE) is waiting for a tangible flower head prey. Photographed at Montreal, Canada. Photo: Alexis tinker-tsavalas/res

Environmental category insects

The phenomenal spring sun of the dark blue URE covered between daisies at daisy involves the wings and refracts by Lee Frost/RES.

Environmental category insects

A small flower bee (ANTHOPHORA SP) is sitting on the flower of corn margold. Photo by Ryan Dale/RES

Environmental category insects

Curculio GLANDIUM taken in the oak leaves by Matthew Thomas/RES

Environmental category insects

A backlight shot of the Mediterranean Mantis (Iris Oratoria) on the sunrise. Photographed with Greece Sikinos. The reflection of the sun in the Aegean Sea looks like a background, but Mantis in the foreground gives an abnormal perspective. Photo: Panagiotis Dalagiorgos/RES

Insect portrait category

Ecememnius hornet appearing in the sun of the morning sun. Photo: Matthew Thomas/RES

Insect behavior category

This common red soldier Beatle (Rhagonycha Fulva) has taken off its wings. Photo: MARC BrouWer/RES

Insect portrait category

A portrait of a fascinating blue long horn beetle (anoplophora zonator). Photo by Douglas Bar/RES

Environmental category insects

A kind of grasshopper known as Taeniopoda Eques, a western horse pose posed with cactus. Rosemary Haleem/RES

Overall winner

This is a very detailed image of a living Gnat Ogre (HOLCOCEPHALA FUSCA) taken in the field. Photo: Benjamin Salb/RES

read more:

Image of the strange and most wonderful wildlife of this year this year
The longest living animal on the earth
The fastest animals in the top 12 in the world

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

New research suggests that the powerful Marzcake shock can travel to even more distant red planets than believed.

Posted on February 5, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

In new research, researchers on the planetary Used Global and high -resolution orbital images to discover fresh 21.5 m (71 feet) impact craters that appeared at the same time as one of the Marsquakes detected by NASA's Insight Lander. This means that the seismometer detected a meteor strike, not a geological activity in the planet. In the related research, they scan Through a large number of orbital image data, the 123 shock crater was formed from December 2018 to December 2022.

Calambus et al。 Textonically Active Cerberus Fossae A new 21.5-m MARS Impact Crater is associated with the Insight earthquake event S0794A. Image credit: NASA / JPL-CALTECH / Arizona University.

NASA's Insight Lander set the first seismometer on Mars and detected more than 1,300 Marsquakes. This is generated by the shaking deep of the planet (caused by a rock broken under heat and pressure) and a cosmic rock that collides with the surface.

Scientists not only glimpse the inside of Mars, as science glimpses how the waves of the earthquake change from these earthquakes when passing through the earth's crust, mantle, and core. I understand how all the rocky world, including the month, is formed.

In the past, researchers shot new shock craters images and found seismic data that matched the date and location of the crater layer.

However, two new studies indicate that the shaking and the new effects detected in Cerberus Fossae, which are particularly prone to earthquakes of 1,640 km (1,019 miles) of 1,640 km (1,019 miles) from insights, are the first correlation. Masu.

The diameter of the shock crater is 21.5 m, which is far from the insight than the scientist expected, based on earthquake energy.

Mars crusts have unique characteristics that are considered to suppress seismic waves generated by impact. The new analysis of Cerberusfossae concluded that the generated waves take more direct routes than the planet mantle.

The Insight team needs to re -evaluate the internal configuration and structural models of Mars, and explain how to make the impact -generated earthquake signals so deep.

“We thought that the energy detected from most of the earthquake events was moving through the crust of Mars,” said Dr. Constantinoscharamanbus, a researcher of Imperial College London. Masu.

“This discovery shows a deeper and faster path -it is called an earthquake highway, so that the earthquake can reach the farthest of the earth through the mantle.”

Researchers also wanted to find a crater within the location of about 3,000 km (1,864 miles) and find something that was formed while the Lander seismometer was recorded.

By comparing images before and after the context camera mounted on NASA's Mars Reconnasance Orbiter (MRO), I found 123 fresh craters to interact with INSIGHT data. Of these, 49 was a potential agreement with the earthquake detected by the Lander seismometer.

“I thought that CERBERUS FOSSAE has generated many high -frequency earthquake signals related to internal generated earthquakes, which suggests that some activities are not born there, and actually from the impact. Dr. Charalambous said.

The results of the survey also emphasize how researchers use AI to improve planetary science by using all data collected by NASA and ESA missions.

“Now, we have a lot of images from the moon and Mars, so the struggle is to process and analyze data,” said Dr. Dr., a member of the Bern University researcher. I mentioned it.

“We have finally arrived in the big data era of planetary science.”

Two new papers are posted journal Global physics research book。

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VT BICKEL et al。 2025. New impact on Mars: Related to systematic identification and insight earthquake events. Global physics research book 52 (3): E2024GL109133; DOI: 10.1029/2024GL109133

Constantinos Chara Ranboo et al。 2025. New impact on Mars: Unleash CERBERUS FOSSAE's shock detection. Global physics research book 52 (3): E2024GL110159; DOI: 10.1029/2024GL110159

Source: www.sci.news

The Deer Monkey: Rewriting the Evolutionary Narrative

Posted on February 5, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

On the verdant Yakushima Island in Japan, two types of animals have formed an unusual relationship that defies expectation.

The native Japanese macaque and Sika deer have developed a close bond. The macaque rides on the back of the deer like a tiny jockey, grooming its soft wool. The deer then drops the monkey near its sleeping area, eats the macaque’s feces, and tidies up the monkey’s habitat effectively.

It appears that the two species’ interaction is not incidental but a deliberate effort to engage with each other.

https://c02.purpledshub.com/uploads/sites/41/2025/01/deer-and-monkey.mp4

Macaque Monkey and Sika Deer

“There is a level of observation, thought, and understanding. It seems they are attempting to benefit from interacting and collaborating,” explained Professor Cedric Sueur, an expert in animal behavior complexity from Strasbourg University. “To me, they truly comprehend each other.”

Animals often learn behaviors from their own species. Studies have shown that birds can learn how to solve puzzles by observing others in their flock. Young meerkats learn safe ways to eat scorpions from their parents. Whales in specific groups develop unique dialects and patterns in their songs.

Researchers refer to this social learning as “culture,” where specific actions are passed down among groups. Sur and his colleagues propose that the deer and monkey’s behavior suggests social learning can extend beyond species, termed as “shared culture.”

“I believe there are multiple species engaging in shared culture,” stated Sur. “However, the concept of joint culture is relatively new and intriguing.”

Read more:

About our experts

Professor Cedric Sueur: An animal behavior researcher at Strasbourg University with published works in prominent journals.

Dr. Jean Baptiste Leca: A psychology professor at Lesbridge University with research published in respected journals.

Professor Dorothy Sueur: A primatology expert at Georgia University with research contributions to various international studies.

Dr. Michael Huffman: An associate professor at Kyoto University’s Wildlife Research Center with published work in premier scientific journals.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

A ring filled with nine stars found orbiting a massive galaxy by astronomers

Posted on February 5, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The astronomers have identified nine rings using NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and WM KECK Observatory’s KECK COSMIC Web Imager (KCWI) data.

Pasha et al。 Nine rings around the Leda 1313424, a ring galaxy, about 567 million lights, have been detected around the constellation of Pisces. They also confirmed that the galaxy had pigeons and created these rings through the Reda 1313424. Image Credit: NASA / ESA / HUBBLE / IMAD PASHA & Pieter Van Dokkum, Yale University.

LEDA 1313424 A ring galaxy found in the image of Legacy Survey Dr9 in 2019.

The galaxy called Bulls Eye’s nickname has an reddish transition of Z = 0.0394 corresponding to the distance of 567 million light years.

The diameter of LEDA 1313424 is 250,000 light years. This is almost 2.5 times that of the Milky Way galaxy.

“This was an accidental discovery,” said Imado Pasha, a student in the Yale University doctoral course.

“I was looking at a ground -based imaging survey, but when I saw a galaxy with some transparent rings, I was immediately drawn to it. I had to stop to investigate it. did.”

Approximately 50 million years ago, a small blue dwarf galaxy moved like a dart that passed the core of LEDA 1313424.

With this collision, 10 rings were created around LEDA 1313424. This has detected nine unprecedented rings.

A thin gas trail links the pair, but is currently 130,000 light years away.

“We are catching Bulls Eye at a very special moment,” said Professor Peter Van Dockm of Yale University.

“When there are many rings in such a galaxy, there is a very narrow window after the impact.”

Researchers used Hubble’s clear vision to identify the eight rings of LEDA 1313424 and check another ring using KECK.

They also discovered a brilliant connection between Ring Galaxy and many years. The galaxy ring seems to have moved almost exactly as expected as the model predicted.

“The theory was developed on the day I saw a lot of rings,” said Professor Van Dokum.

“I am very pleased to confirm the predictions for these years in the Bulls Eye Galaxy.”

From the top, it is clear that the Galaxy ring is not evenly spaced like a Dart board. The image of Hubble shows the galaxy from a slight angle.

“If you look down on the galaxy directly, the ring looks circular, the ring will be bundled in the center, and will gradually be far away and gradually break away,” Pasha explained.

a paper Regarding this discovery, it was released today Astronomical physics journal letter。

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Imad Pasha et al。 2025. Bullsia: HST, KECK/KCWI, and the characteristics of the giant 9 -ring dragon fly. APJL 980, L3; DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/AD9F5C

Source: www.sci.news

Gibellula Attenboloughii: The Fungi Species That Turns Cave Spiders Into Zombies

Posted on February 5, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Metanae woven spiders of infected sub-family living in a cave Gibellula AttenBoroughii It shows a change in behavior similar to what was reported about zombie ants.

Gibellula AttenBoroughii Habitat and paratype, on Metamenardi。 0.5 mm for scale bar- (c), 0.25 mm for (d). Image credit: Evans et al。 , Doi: 10.3114/fuse.2025.15.07.

Giberla It is a specific and pathogenic fungus on spiders containing more than 30 recognized species.

Most of these species have tropical distribution from subtropical.

There are few records of the genus of the British Islands. Gibellla Alanearam。

For BBC Winter Watch In the 2021 television series, a spid of fungi -infected was discovered on the ceiling of the abandoned gunpowder, taken at the Northern Ireland location, and was provisionally identified. Gibellula pulchra。

Image sent from BBC It suggests that HARRY EVANS is a new species to Cab International Researcher. Giberla Aus.

“Based on both morphological and molecular evidence, fungi was confirmed as a new species, and was named after a natural historian David Attenbow IR. BBC “Natural History Program,” said Dr. Evans, co -author of this research.

“Later, the spider host was identified as an orb -weaving cave spider. Metellina MerianaeAnd -with the help of a local ischemicist -further new species, Gibellula AttenBoroughiiIt was discovered in both Northern Ireland and the Ireland Republic of Cave systems and related spiders. MetamenardiOccupies in various ecological niches in the cave. “

Originally, like a type of specimen located on the ceiling of the gunpowder, all infected spiders were located on the roof or wall of the cave.

These normal CL proud spiders have moved out of the hierarchy and net and died in the exposed situation. In essence, it reflects the behavior of ants infected with the genus bacteria. OphioCordyCeps Previously, it was reported from the Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil.

Such operations of the host to support the dispersion of the fungal spores have created an explanation of “zombieant bacteria”.

In their research, Dr. Evans and his colleagues used historical records and literature search to clarify hidden diversity in the subordinates. Giberla In the British Islands, there is evidence of a widespread illness of the Norfols and Wales spiders.

“Their roles in the dynamics of the spider group will guarantee further research as well as metabolites they produce, so that they can use such a very specific ecological niche,” he said. Ta.

The discovery is reported in A paper Journal Economics and evolution of fungi。

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HC Evans et al。 Bacterial attributes Giberla (Cordycipitaceae: Failure) In the British Islands, it includes a new zombie species of Orb -weaving cave spiders (Metanae). Economics and evolution of fungiReleased online on January 24, 2025. Doi: 10.3114/fuse.2025.15.07

Source: www.sci.news

Is cleaner air fueling global warming more than we thought?

Posted on February 5, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Air pollution can have a cooling effect on the climate.

CHEUNGHYO/Getty Images

James Hanssen, the most well-known climate scientist, has doubled the impact on the climate of air pollution in the 1980s. I did.

“Humanity made bad transactions when using aerosol to offset almost half of greenhouse gas warming. Briefing The UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network is hosting.

However, other researchers say that this conclusion is based on unstable foundation, but it is not yet known how much reduction in air pollution has contributed to global warming. Hansen's conclusion states that “it is floating around the top of what is plausible.” Michael Diamond Florida State University is not involved in research.

The recorded spike of the global average temperature in 2023 and 2024 has spured the debate on whether the pace of global warming is accelerating faster than expected. The temperature of the greenhouse gas and the global warming of the Pacific Ocean have increased the majority of the temperature, but other unknown contributors have raised higher temperatures than they can explain only by these factors.

Hansen and his colleagues Before The acceleration speed has been accelerated as air pollution decreases. Currently, they are providing new analysis that claims that a decrease in air pollution can explain the temperature of temperature in the past two years. Both air pollution aerosol reflects sunlight directly from the earth and affects the reflection characteristics of the clouds. Changes in the cover of the clouds are also related to heat.

Researchers are particularly focused on the effects of 2020 regulations that reduce harmful sulfur used in transport fuel. Sudden deterioration of air pollution against the ocean provides an experimental unintended experiment and can make the aerosol's impact on the climate more accurately.

Hansen and his colleagues looked at the busy Pacific transport corridor, estimated this effect, and measured the change in solar radiation absorbed by planets in these regions as air pollution decreased. From this, they estimate that the decline in transportation aerosol has increased the heat reaching the earth by 0.5 watts per square meter. This is almost the same as the global warming effect of the world's 10 years of today's level.

They discovered that additional warming was enough to explain the unknown heat seen in the past two years. But its meaning is wider. That also means that the cooling effect of air pollution hides the total range of the global warming effect of greenhouse gases. In other words, the warming, which has been experienced so far, does not have a complete impact on our emissions.

Hansen and his colleagues warn that this means that the climate is much more sensitive than the level of greenhouse gas levels. As a result, they argue that the world is approaching the climate turning point, which is approaching more quickly, such as the deceleration of the main Atlantic current and the collapse of the Southwest Pole. To fight this, they say they need to be more serious about how to cool the planet with interventions like Solaragio Engineering.

However, 0.5 watts per square meter at the core of the new analysis are much higher than other estimated values of the changes in shipping emissions. Tianle yuan In Maryland University Boltimore County. But he says it is not completely unbelievable.

Gabin Schmidt This number is “very” because NASA assumes that all changes in the absorbed sunlight are due to changes in the transport aerosol, rather than other changes such as air pollution and natural fluctuations from China. It is said that it is overestimation.

Changes in aerosol may not be necessary to explain the temperature spike in 2023. SHIV PRIYAM Raghuraman At the Illinois University Urban Champag School -he found that it could be explained before Change of Pacific temperature Alone. He says that a lot of work is needed to adjust the various estimated values of the aerosol's global warming effect.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

The Grand Canyon was created shortly after a massive asteroid impact.

Posted on February 4, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The view of the two large gorge, the month of the month radly radiated from the Schrodinger basin

Nasasvsernie T. Wright

The vast collision crater near the month of the moon was formed on an asteroid that moved in more than 1 kilometer for 1 second or more, and released 130 times the energy of all existing nuclear weapons. Currently, researchers say that two unusual and straight gorge were formed within 10 minutes by a secondary debris chain of two unusual and straight gorge.

David King In Houston, Texas, and the planetary research institute, we investigated a 312 kilometer Schreading Glator for 15 years. Part of it was to develop a landing site that could have a NASA concertation program. This tried to return people to the moon, but ended in 2009.

“They are basically hidden and in a sense mysterious. [of the moon]King says. “And they are generally overlooked.”

For more information, Kring and his colleagues are using a computer model to investigate the origin of two gorgees or “light rays” extending north from the crater. One is VALLISSCHREDINGER, 270 km long, 2.7 km in depth, 280 km in length and 3.5 km in depth. For comparison, Arizona's Grand Canyon length is 446 km and depth of 1.9 km.

However, it has been engraved in water for millions of years, but the gorge of the moon is a straight and straight groove formed by vast shocking force within 10 minutes. The dramatic asteroid strike not only spread dust and tile BLE throughout the moon, but also spread to space and earth.

Researchers also suggest that the main ones that cause the main crater of the main, faster, to drive the fragments that run through the moon, focusing on narrow areas due to the irregularity of Legoris, which is a loose material that covers the moon. It may have been combined.

Using their models, researchers have calculated that asteroids collide 3811 billion years ago to create the speed and direction of debris to create a gorge. 。

“There is a rock that hits 2 kilometers per second per second, perhaps 2 kilometers per second, and it may be devastating,” says Kring. “I knew that Schrödinger's impact would create these rays, but the related process needed some attention.”

Kring is not deep enough at any of the landing points that Legolis, who was kicked out of Schrölinger, was sued to seriously interfere with geological experiments, so Kring is the moon in the ARTEMIS III mission of NASA. He says that he has a sense of security to put an astronaut in. 。 If they were planning to land north of Schledinger, where much more materials landed, they would have faced a very deep layer that hid the early geology.

The view of the gorge that looks straight at the moon

Nasasvsernie T. Wright

Mark Birchel At Kent University in the UK, this study is done in some way to prove that the gorge is formed by a shock chain, but it is necessary to investigate up close.

“The ultimate evidence is the person who brings back the rocks from one or some rocks in these gorgees,” says Birchel. “Then there is a mineral grain that you just cut out, and was shocked there. [by impacts]And some of them have changed the structure as a result. “

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Source: www.newscientist.com

New research suggests WASP-121B may have originally formed much closer to its parent star than previously thought.

Posted on February 4, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Astronomer using Immersed lattice infrared flash device (IGRINS) Gemini South Telescope devices looked at Wasp-121B, one of the most widely studied Ultra Hot Jupiter.

The artist's illustration indicates Wasp-121B, an alien world that has lost magnesium and iron gas from the atmosphere. Image credit: NASA / ESA / J. OLMSTED, STSCI.

WASP-121B, discovered by astronomers using Wasp-South Survece in 2016, is 1.87 times that of Jupiter, 1.18 times large.

The host star, WASP-121 (TYC 7630-352-1) is an active F6 main sequence star about 1.5 times the size of the sun.

The WASP-121 system is about 881 light-years away to the puppy constellation.

WASP-121B is a so-called “hot jupiter” and takes only 1 for three days to get on WASP-121 on track. As it is very close to the parent's star, as it approaches, the gravity of the star begins to tear.

Astronomers estimate that the temperature of the planet is about 2,500 degrees (Hana 4,600 degrees), which is enough to boil some metals.

The new Iglin observation results have revealed something unexpected about the WASP-121B formation history.

With these observations, Peter Smith and his colleagues at the Arizona State University, for the first time, measured the ratio of passenger rocks and ice using a single instrument.

“Gemini South using IGRINS has actually measured individual chemical existence more accurately than even achieving a space -based telescope,” said Smith.

The spectroscopic data indicates that the WASP-121B has a high ratio of rock and ice, and indicates that excessive rocky materials have been accumulated during the formation.

This suggests a planet formed in the area of the protranetary disk that is too hot for the ice to condense.

“Our measurement means that this typical view must be reconsidered and the planetary formation model needs to be revisited,” Smith said.

Astronomers also discovered a remarkable feature of the WASP-121B atmosphere.

“The climate of this planet is extreme, not the earth's climate,” Smith said.

Since the planet daySide is very hot, elements that are generally considered “metal” evaporate in the atmosphere and can be detected by the spectroscopic method.

The strong wind blows these metals into the permanent night side of the planet. There, it is cool enough to condense and rain. This is an effect observed on Wasp-121B in the form of calcium rain.

“The sensitivity of our device can be used to examine the subtle wind speed by examining various areas, altitude, and long terms using these elements, revealing how dynamic this planet is. You can do it, “said Smith.

Survey results Will be displayed in Astronomy Journal。

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Peter CB Smith et al。 2025. Roasted marshmallow program with Gemini South Igulin. II. WASP-121 B has a ratio of superstar C/O and impact resistance and volatility. AJ 168, 293; DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/AD8574

Source: www.sci.news

Fresh fossils discovered in Patagonia

Posted on February 4, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

According to a new study published in the journal Plos 1, anti-biologists analyzed the fossilized archaeological sites of Alvaretsu Saurdo Dinosaur, Bonapartenykus, from Patagonia’s Allen formation. Their findings provide new insights into the body plan of Bonapartenykus and other members of the Alvaretsu Sould Dinosaur Group Patagonykinae.

Reconstruction of the personal life of Bonapartenykus in Argentina, Patagonia Allen Solitoritral Ojodea Guo area. Image credit: Abel G. MONTES.

Bonapartenykus lived in Patagonia, Argentina, about 70 million years ago during the Cretaceous period.

This dinosaur, first described in 2012, belongs to one of the most enigmatic dinosaur groups, Alvarezsauridae.

Together with another genus from Patagonia, Patagonics, Bonapartenykus forms a small group within Alvarez Sauria called Patagonykinae.

“Alvarezsauria is a group of small to medium-sized coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that lived from the late Jurassic to the late Cretaceous,” explained Dr. Gustabo Meso, a paleontologist specializing in ancient biologist.

“Originally, the distribution of this group was limited to Asia, with the earliest known member found in China’s Oxford (late Jurassic period).”

“Early fossils of Alvarezsauria were only found in Asia but now include up to three species.”

“By the latter half of the Cretaceous period, Alvarezsauria had diversified and spread globally, with abundant fossils found in Asia, Europe, North America, and the first records in South America from the Gondwana supercontinent.”

“Patagonykinae is a subgroup of Alvarezsaurids, named after the Patagonics and Bonapartenykus.”

In their new study, Dr. Gustabo Meso and his co-author examined numerous Alvarezsaurus fossils from the Patagonia Allen layer of Solitral Ojo de Agua.

“These specimens were collected at various times without precise original locality information but are now all from the same section and layer as the holotype of the alvarezsaurid. We conducted X-ray micro-CT scans of the specimens,” mentioned Dr. Meso.

“Based on this new information and the morphological similarities of the specimens, we provisionally assign them to the genus Bonapartenykus.”

The newly described specimen provides valuable insights into the body plan of Patagonykinae, allowing for a more complete reconstruction of the neck, chest, hindlimbs, and tail.

“Our results support the idea of a single species of Alvaresaurus, but future research in the Solitral Ojo de Agua area may reveal further evidence for testing,” they added.

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JG MESO et al. 2025. New information on Bonapartenykus (Alvares Sauda: Seropododa) from the Allen layer in Rio Negro State, Patagonia, Argentina (Middle Compania Mariana) Plos 1 20 (1): e0308366; DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308366

Source: www.sci.news

More than 1,000 EPA employees at risk of immediate rejection.

Posted on February 4, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

summary

Approximately 1,100 EPA employees received emails that they could lose their job immediately.
E-mail is identified as the most likely “care observation” for the recipient. In other words, it means that you work for less than a year at the EPA and have less employment protection.
The union representative said that the message was scary for many recipients.

The Trump administration has notified more than 1,000 employees of the Environmental Protection Agency that they could be fired immediately.

According to an e-mail reviewed by NBC NEWS, an agency notified that in less than a year, it has been identified as an employee who is likely to be in the “trial period” in less than a year. I received it.

“As an employee during the probation/trial period, the agency has the right to end you,” says the email. “The probation process is to receive the end notification and the employment ends immediately.”

According to Marie Owens Powell, chairman of the US government employee council 238, a leading union of about 8,500 EPA staff, about 1,100 employees received emails. Powell said she had received an employee list from an agency.

“The probation employees have not been released yet,” Powell said. “As you can imagine, I was afraid that people would receive a message, and we accept questions from those people. Agency can clearly reject the insurance observation employees. But it must be for the cause. ”

Powell added that if an employee was fired, the union added, “Make sure the process has been protected.”

It is not clear how many EPA employees are targeted for reduction. This email comes when the Trump administration promotes strongly to reduce the government. They provided the acquisition of federal employees, trying to temporarily freeze the federal aid, and tried to close US international development agencies. The EPA employees were one of the federal workers who received the acquisition offer entitled “Folk in the Road”.

“This email is one of the series of e -mails received from January 20, most of the EPA, and is certainly a shocking type attack.” Powell said.

Already, she added that union members who worked on diversity, fairness, and inclusive issues are on management leave.

“I am directly engaged with the EPA headquarters career staff,” said Lee Zeldin administrator, a former U.S. national representative in New York, which was confirmed on Wednesday, Molly VaselioU, EPA spokesman.

“EPA is eager to guidance related to President Trump's presidential order,” said Vaseliou. “Our goals are open and transparent. Since we are working to improve the efficiency of the whole government, we understand how all the staff understand the law and how policy decisions will affect. Eventually, the goal is to create a more effective and more effective federal government.

VaselioU did not respond directly to the question of whether the institution would leave the e -mail to workers.

If the worker is fired, the right of their appeal depends on whether they are qualified as employees under federal law, and are employees with employees. It depends on Completed a one -year continuous service。

However, Powell said that several employees with more than a year have received emails and contacted the union.

“The list is definitely defective. Powell said that some of the federal services for more than one year had received e -mails, and for the EPA leader,” This is a practice to correct the list. I added. “

Nicole Cantello, the president of another union, representing EPA employees, knew several employees on the list, but had more than a year. I said.

CNN first reported In emails to EPA workers, some federal employees will be a kind of whiplash, depending on which party is dominated as environmental policy ping -pongs.

“We are concerned that government agencies will carry out mass -disclosure of probation employees,” said Cantello, Cantello.

“Inspection employees are usually released because they do not work well or have discipline. I have never fired a large number of trials in 33 years when I went to the EPA. This is the precedent. There are no scope and scale, “she said,” she added that she had little protection.

“As long as they say the reason, everyone will do something,” said Cantello, mentioning the EPA leader.

Jeremy Simmons, a senior advisor to the former EPA staff, has regarded recent transition between governments as the most “mixed OTIC” in the history of institutions. Simmons worked as an EPA climate advisor from 1994 to 2001, and was in an institution when President George W. Bush was appointed President Birkrinton.

“The transition was defined by a different policy agenda, but it was not this Vindictive Purge, a civil servant who did not do anything wrong,” he said.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Unraveling the Mystery of Space Mediation Particles: Exploring the Most Detailed Survey

Posted on February 4, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

International Space Station AMS particle detector

NASA

The 11 -year survey of particles near our sun and anti -particles has emerged the history of our solar system and causes a new mystery about the particles itself.

“It seems like I stepped into a dark room and saw a lot of new things.” Samuel Tin At Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Energy particles are filled in the space, which is moved by burst called cosmic rays. When the cosmic ray enters the Alpha Magnetic Difference (AMS) detector of the International Space Station (ISS), the magnetic field separates particles based on the charge, and the detector measures mass and energy. This separation is important because it helps to identify the differences between particles and their anti -particles.

AMS collaboration, and his colleagues, analyzed more than 11 years of AMS data, and found that we didn’t know much about the particle behavior as we thought. For example, this survey reveals how the number of particles tends to be over time and how different types of particles interact with each other. Ting says that there are more than 600 theoretical models that can explain each of these trends, but there is nothing to explain both surveys at the same time.

And the results of the survey may be important for more than a single particle. Researchers say that the changing characteristics may be useful as a record of the history of the solar system, so they are shooting cosmic rays with different detectors for more than a century. Jamie Lankin At Princeton University. However, she says that we have never understood how the solar cycle affects the light rays.

This is because 11 years is the length of one solar cycle, so collecting data during that period captures all repeated fluctuations in the sun magnetic field, and the behavior of cosmic rays changes. She says that such a detailed investigation can be a key to solving a method of using cosmic rays in “solar system archeology”.

However, he says that the cosmic ray itself is still mysterious. Gavin Lowell At Adelaide University in Australia. “The measured value of the particle AMS is essentially from outside the solar system,” he says. Detailed amounts of new analysis, including how different particle nuclei on the cosmic ray acts, may help researchers focus on more decisive theories of cosmic rays.

There is also a question of other unexplored universe. “It’s a big mystery for me that AMS can observe antiproton because we don’t see antimatters in our world.” Ian Low At Northwestern University, Illinois. He says that the origin of these anti -particles is connected to a mysterious dark substance, and otherwise it may be better than our current universe.

Ting and his colleagues are currently working on upgrading the AMS detector, can detect more particles, and are adjusted as astronauts who support the installation.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Bonobos are aware of their actions and behaviors

Posted on February 4, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Kanji, one of the three POW Bonovo tested for mental abilities in research

Initiative of an ape

Bonobo immediately helps the signs of being able to guess the mental state of others who do not know what they know.

Ability to think about what others are thinking, Heart theoryThis is an important skill to make humans navigate the world of society. It can recognize that someone holds different beliefs and perspectives for ourselves and support the ability to fully understand and support others.

The question of whether our closest living parent, Relative, has the theory of heart has been discussed for decades. Somehow Mixed resultNon -humans, a great ape seem to have some aspects of this ability, suggesting that it is evolved in older than once considered. For example, a wild chimpanzee that is fake but sees nearby snakes Alert group member They know they haven’t seen it yet.

However, he says that he has missed the clear evidence from the controlled settings that the primates can track different perspectives and act based on them. Luke Town Row At Johns Hopkins University in Maryland.

To investigate this, with Townload Christopher CrupenierAt Johns Hopkins University, three male Bonobos at the APE Initia Chib Research Center in Iowa will identify the ignorance of the people who are trying to cooperate and show them to them to solve the task. I tested.

The table between Bonobo and the experiments had three upward plastic cups. The second researcher put a barrier between the experiments and the cup, and hid a snack like a juicy grape under one of them.

In one version of the experiment, “Knowledge Conditions”, the experiments were able to see where the treatment was placed in the barrier window. In the “ignorant state”, their views were completely blocked. When the experimental finds food, they give it to Bonobo and provide the motivation for the apes to share what they know.

TOWNROW and KRUPENYE examined whether the apes were pointing to the cup, and how sharp they were after the barriers were removed 24 times under each condition.

On average, they discovered that Bonobo had a less time to point in 1.5 seconds, and was pointed out in about 20 % of the exams in ignorance. “This indicates that you can actually take action when you realize that someone has a different perspective,” Krupenye says. He added that BONOBOS seems to understand the characteristics of other people who believe that researchers do not understand historically.

This simple but powerful research is experimentally supported by the results of an existing survey from wild apes. Zanna Clay At Darlam University in Britain. However, she warns that research animals have been raised in a human -oriented environment, and the survey results may not be applied to all bonovos. However, she added that it does not impair the result of the capacity.

Certainly, finding this ability with these three bonovos indicates that the potential exists in their biology, and may be the same for our common ancestors. It indicates that it is expensive, says Kurpenier.

“Our ancient human parent Relative also has these abilities and suggests that they can use them to strengthen their cooperation and coordination.” Laura Lewis At California University Berkeley. “By understanding that someone is ignorant, our ancestors use these abilities to communicate more effectively with social partners, especially for evolutionary information, such as food places. , I was able to adjust.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Omega-3 Supplements may slow down the process of biological aging

Posted on February 3, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Omega-3 Supplements may be an easy way to slowden aging

EVGENIIA SIANKOVSKAIA/Getty Images

Omega 3 supplements every day, especially when combined with vitamin D and exercise, seems to slow the biological aging of the elderly.

We already knew that “good” fat, which is seen in seeds, nuts, and fish can enhance immunity, heart health, and brain function.

They are also linked to changes “Epigi Nete” markerDNA chemical tags that change the activity of the gene and the behavior of cells. This suggests that Omega 3 reduces pace Biological agingIn many cases, it is defined as a measure of how fast someone has deteriorated, compared to the body of the general group.

To explore this further Heike Bischoff-Ferrari The University of Zurich and her colleagues divided 777 Switzerland, 70 and 91, into eight groups. They also wanted to know how Omega-3 works along with vitamin D supplements and exercise.

“Omega-3 plays on multiple routes of aging, such as anti-inflammatoryness. Similarly, vitamin D and exercise have multiple advantages,” says Bischoff-Ferrari. “Did we think that there are additional advantages if you play in each of these differential routes?”

Some participants had already taken these supplements at the start of the research or doing strength training. According to Bischoff-Ferrari, it was not ethical to stop exercising or stop taking specific supplements, so it was allowed to continue.

In addition to the existing lifestyle habits, each group was told to have a variety of combinations of one grams of Omega-3, placebo tablets, and 2000 international unit vitamin D. Muscle training three times a week.

For example, some people have been asked to take 3 tablets of omega, take vitamin D supplements, and do additional strength training, or have been asked to take vitamin D with strength training. I didn't take Omega 3.

At the start of the research, researchers estimated the biological age of the participants using the “Epi Nete Watch”, which was previously developed by teams and other researchers. These analyzed a DNA marker called methyl group in a blood sample that generally decrease with age and impairs cell function.

Through the same three years later, the scientists have been told to take Omega 3, aging only about three months less than employees who are only given placebo pills. I discovered that there was no. They explained the factors that could affect the results, such as the actual age, gender, weight, and height of the participants.

“This is today's biggest test that suggests that simple supplements contribute to the slowdown of biological aging,” says Bischoff-Ferrari.

Furthermore, those who took Omega-3 with vitamin D and did less tension training compared to those who did not introduce any of these habits as part of the trial. “The effect was somewhat remarkable, and it was almost four months of rejuvenation,” says Bischoff-Ferrari.

These effects may seem small, but it may be important for some people. Richard Siou At King Scarage Rondon. “This is more important for the elderly, because it may be more likely to decrease in age in about three months,” he says.

However, epigenetic watches are not a complete scale of biological aging. “Just because DNA's biomarker indicates that you resemble a young person does not necessarily mean that you are healthy in some way,” says SIOW.

Further research says that it is necessary to evaluate what changes in measures such as cognitive, motor skills, and heart health mean. The Bischoff-Ferrari team analyzes participants' data on these results.

Another restriction of this study was that the participants were relatively healthy and active, and there was almost no lack of vitamin D. Bischoff-Ferrari says that there is a need for a further research in which people who live in other countries without these characteristics and young people in other countries are involved.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Carrarant cuts methane emissions by 70%, lowering planet-warming effects

Posted on February 3, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Rice fields are the main sources of methane discharge

Thirawatana Phaisalratana/Istock Phot O/Getty Images

A new type of rice created by a simple cross could reduce the discharge of methane crops, which are strong greenhouse gases, in almost three -quarters.

Cultivation of rice is about 12 % of the artificial release of methane. Methane is a gas with a global warming effect 25 times stronger than that of carbon dioxide.

The emissions come from the soil microorganisms of the flooded paddy fields cultivated by rice. These organisms decompose chemicals known as roots that are released by plants, not only produce nutrients that can be used by plants, but also make methane in the process.

For more information about factors that affect methane production from the roots of rice, Anna Schnella Swedish University of Agriculture Science and her colleagues cultivated two US lines in the laboratory. It is a Japanese variety called Nippon Bear with average methane emissions, and a genetic modification with a small methane emission called SUSIBA2.

SUSIBA2 has reduced the number of roots that are known to be the more important driver of methane emission than Nippon Bear. However, when both strains are treated with oxantel, which is a chemical substance that inhibits the decomposition of hemalate by bacteria, the Susiba2 shares still decrease the methane. This means that there must be another factor that causes different varieties.

SUSIBA2 crops have been found to secrete high -level ethanol.

Later, the team rely on traditional breeding techniques to generate new US stocks by passing high -yielded elite varieties, along with Heidin varieties, a stock that produces low fumalate and high ethanol.

In the two -year outdoor exam in China, the new strain has generated more than 8 tons of crops per hectar, but compared to the world average of more than 4 tons, a methane is 70 % less than the breeded elite varieties. It was issued. 。

Johannes Le Curtr At New Southwales, Sydney, Australia, this study is an example of a well -performed research on the culprit behind the greenhouse gas emissions of crops.

“The core point of this study is to not use hardcore genetic engineering, editing technology, and transgenic approaches,” Le Coutre says. “They use traditional mating to create a new rice line that lowers methane synthesis.”

topic:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Opponent of Biology Discovers Authentic Collagen in Edmontosaurus Fossil Bones

Posted on February 3, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The detection of soft tissues (such as proteins) in fossil bones is a growing research field, and new research, led by Liverpool University, has contributed to such discoveries. The authors use three independent analytical combinations to indicate that some dinosaur bones of collagen bones are the original fossils.

Tuinstra et al。 In order to replenish the two mass-specific (MS) technologies used, the total attenuation (ATR) -ftir and intersection polarized microscopes (Xpol), which replenish two mass spectrometics (MS) technologies. Edmont Saurus SP. Fossil bones. Image credit: Tuinstra et al。 , Doi: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.4C03115.

In their research, Professor Steve Taylor and his colleagues of Liverpool University examined the 22 kg hip bone of herbivorous dinosaurs that bred ducks. Edmont Saurus。

The specimen was excavated from the late Cretaceous band of the Helkleak layer in Harding County, South Dakota, USA.

Using advanced mass spectrometry and other technologies, old -life scholars have identified collagen remnants with fossil bones.

“This study shows that organic body molecules, such as collagen -like proteins, seem to be present in some fossils,” said Taylor.

“Our results have a wide range of meanings. First, the hypothesis that organic matters contained in fossils need to be caused from contamination.”

“Second, it suggests to reconsider the cross -polarized microscopes of fossil bones collected over the first century.”

“These images may clarify the intact patches of bone collagen, and may provide candidates for ready -made fossil candidates for further protein analysis.”

“This may release a new insight about dinosaurs. For example, we will clarify the connection between dinosaur species as it is.”

“Finally, the result of this survey tells you an interesting mystery about how these proteins have long lasted in fossils.”

“This study not only solves the scientific discussion for many years, but also has a further path to study ancient life, and can be seen on the biochemical preservation of the fossils of extinct creatures.”

Team result Published in the journal on January 17th Analytical chemistry。

______

Lucien Tuinstra et al。 Evidence of endogenous collagen Edmont Saurus Fossil bones. anus. ChemistryReleased online on January 17, 2025. Doi: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.4C03115

Source: www.sci.news

Slow Down Your Biological Age with This One Supplement

Posted on February 3, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

When it comes to maintaining health in old age, amidst the plethora of complex supplements advertised by influencers and podcast hosts, the key might just be Omega-3. Recent research suggests that regular consumption of Omega-3 fatty acid capsules can have a significant impact on longevity, potentially slowing the aging process by up to 4 months. Lower aging.

Biological age is a more accurate indicator of your life expectancy than your chronological age. It reflects the rate of DNA changes, which can vary from person to person.

A study published in the journal Nature Aging compared the effects of Omega-3 intake, vitamin D supplementation, and regular exercise on over 700 adults above 70. Participants were divided into three groups, receiving either 1g of Omega-3, 30mg of vitamin D, or engaging in 30 minutes of exercise three times a week, or no treatment at all.

Throughout the study, blood samples were collected and participants’ aging rates were measured using epigenetic “clocks.” The results showed that those taking Omega-3 experienced a biological age reduction of four months. When combined with vitamin D and exercise, the effects were even more pronounced, reducing the risk of various age-related ailments.

Experts, like Dr. Mary Ni Lochlainn, a Geriatrics specialist, are encouraged by these findings. However, some caution that more standardized tests for biological aging are needed to fully understand the impact of such interventions.

Read more:

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Hubble captures Type IA Super Shinsei and its host galaxy in stunning detail

Posted on February 3, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Two years ago, a type IA supernova event called SN 2022ABVVT was discovered in Spiral Galaxy LEDA 132905.

This Hubble image LEDA 132905, a spiral galaxy over 400 million light years in sculptor constellation. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / RJ Foley, UC Santa cruz.

LEDA 132905 in the sculptor’s constellation is over 400 million light years away.

“The galaxy’s spiral structure, resembling a bright blue star patch, appears faint,” said members of the Hubble team.

“The bright white dot between the bright center of the galaxy and the faint left end is the SN 2022ABVVT supernova.”

The supernova SN 2022ABVT was discovered in 2022 by astronomers of the asteroid landlady impacted alert system (ATLAS).

About two months later, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope observed the star explosion.

“Atlas, designed to track faint-moving signals from asteroids near Earth, also detects objects that suddenly become brighter or fade, like supernovae in the centers of galaxies, various stars, and hungry black holes,” astronomers explained.

This Hubble image of LEDA 132905 was captured using the Hubble wide field camera 3 (WFC3) in the infrared part of the spectrum.

Astronomers are interested in studying type IA supernovae, which occur when the exposed core of ancient stars ignites in a sudden and destructive nuclear fusion burst.

These supernovae are valuable for measuring accurate distances to other galaxies.

“The universe is vast, and supernova explosions are faint,” researchers stated.

“How can we be in the right place at the right time to observe a supernova?”

“Today, most supernovae are discovered by robot telescopes constantly scanning the night sky.”

“However, some are still found the traditional way, with diligent observers taking repeated images of the sky and searching for any changes.”

Source: www.sci.news

What is the best time to take cancer medication?

Posted on February 3, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Every year, scientists around the world offer research to cancer treatment. What if the answer is related to the time when cancer patients are taking medicine? Group of German scientists wanted to find out if a 24 -hour clock of the body was also known as itself. Approximately rhythmIt can affect the fight against cancer.

To test their hypothesis, scientists monitor how cancer cells behave with various drugs at various times. First, they collected a variety of cells from human milk cancer patients, including some healthy tissue cells and several tumor cells. They thoroughly monitored cell characteristics such as growth, drug reactions, and outline rhythm strength. They explained that the intensity of the rhythm of the day refers to cells that usually change the movement determined by the day and night cycle.

Scientists used the method called to determine the rhythmic intensity. Self -correlationWe measured how cells work at different times. They used the second method to identify the dominant frequency and time of the cellular signal. Continuous wavelength conversion。 They use this method to break down the signals into small parts, each represents different frequencies and time range.

Finally, they use another method to simultaneously look at both large and small cell processes and further disassemble the signals called. Multi -election analysis。 By combining these methods, we measured how the drug affected the growth of cells over time, and identified what has changed based on time -dependent or dunning effects.

Researchers have grown a group of special breast cancer cells, which are known to have biological watches incorporated in the controlled environment. They added drugs to fight a variety of cancers at different times of the day, and evaluated how they changed their effectiveness. They also administered a variety of drugs and found the best dosage for their daily time. In order to test how the cells react over time, the cell growth rate was measured by imaging with a microscope and growing fast under various conditions. Later, scientists organized cells and drugs into groups based on how they responded to the test.

In addition, researchers conducted tests to measure the efficiency of the administered drugs. First, we used a series of light dark cycle to synchronize the cells to a specific outline. Later, they used live cell imaging to monitor cell growth and survival, and administer drugs at a different period of one day, exceeding four hours. After that, the team compared the way cells react to drugs on various occasions and identified the best time to administer drugs for cancer treatment. Scientists have discovered a strong correlation between the aid clock and drugs.

In order to explore the influence of the outline clocks on cell treatment, scientists also tested the overall contribution of each gene component in cells to the overall drug reaction. They explained that the gene of our body decides how well the drug can suppress cancer and how strongly it can accept the drug. However, with almost 20,000 gene, scientists want to match each drug to the most effective target gene.

To do this, the team used two methods to collect very large datasets and create called forecasts. Linear discrimination analysis and Main ingredient analysis。 They used these methods to rank the cell gene according to how effectively the cells react to drugs, and identify the mutant pattern between gene. They discovered that different genes show different sensitivity to each drug.

Scientists concluded that the rhythm of the solar cells affects drug sensitivity and effectiveness. They suggested that future workers test other undeveloped gene and confirm that they are sensitive to specific cancer drugs. The team concluded that their results would help scientists to understand how the 24 -hour cycle of the body would affect cancer treatment, which is sensitive to time.

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Source: sciworthy.com

Mysterious ghost particles cause havoc in our high-tech devices.

Posted on February 3, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Being a physicist, I have a deep appreciation for all small particles. Each particle plays a crucial role in the universe, and by studying them, we gain a better understanding of the fundamental laws of nature that govern our existence. However, as a researcher in the field of Dark Matter, I must confess that Neutrinos present a unique challenge.

Neutrinos are elusive little particles. From their inception, they defied all expectations.

Confronted with this dilemma, physicists had two unsatisfactory options: either abandon the conservation of energy or posit the existence of invisible particles that could not be detected by conventional means. They opted for the latter, eventually coining the term “Little Neutral” for these new particles, which possessed no charge and were abundant in quantity.

The absence of charge was the defining feature – without charge, the particles do not interact at all through electromagnetic force. This led physicist Wolfgang Pauli to famously remark, “I have done a terrible thing. I have postulated a particle that cannot be detected.”

Fortunately, Pauli’s skepticism about detectability was proven wrong in the end. Neutrinos, though notoriously resistant to interactions with other particles, do pass through our planet on a daily basis without our notice. It took a truly heroic effort to develop instruments capable of detecting them.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkcsik4zzby

Even now, we are still struggling to capture neutrinos. The standard detection method involves constructing large water tanks deep underground or filled with other liquids (to shield them from cosmic rays). Each day, researchers anxiously wait for one of the four neutrinos that pass through the Earth to directly collide with an atom underwater.

If such a collision occurs, a flash of light is produced as the charged particles in the water move quickly. This light flash acts like an electromagnetic version of the Sonic boom, encoding information about neutrinos and providing insights into these invisible particles that constantly permeate the Earth.

Read more:

Most of the neutrinos detected on Earth come from the solar nucleus. When hydrogen fuses with helium, neutrinos are produced as by-products. They emanate in all directions as soon as they are generated, mostly unaffected by the sun’s mass, and escape into space.

The reason neutrinos pose a specific challenge to dark matter detectors is their similarity to the hypothetical dark matter particles we seek known as Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). Like neutrinos, these “weakly interacting massive particles” have no charge and can traverse the Earth unnoticed.

If they do interact with other matter, it is through weak nuclear force – the same force that may (albeit rarely) cause neutrinos to interact with the underwater particles in the neutrinoscope. Similar to neutrino detectors, dark matter detectors are situated deep underground to shield them from cosmic rays, designed to register any interactions occurring within the detector with these invisible particles.

The challenge arises from the fact that the dark matter detector has become incredibly sensitive, picking up signals caused by neutrinos. Both types of detectors have now produced evidence of solar neutrinos colliding with target materials. The amount of rock cover cannot adequately shield experiments from neutrinos.

Our estimated 27% of the universe consists of dark matter – Photo Credit: Getty

It may take several decades for a dark matter signal detector unaffected by solar neutrino interference to achieve total clarity. Currently, most detectors are only sensitive to high-energy solar neutrinos, which have been causing complications thus far.

Some physicists are intrigued by the phenomenon of “coherent neutrino scattering” and see it as an opportunity to overcome the challenges of both dark matter detection and neutrino interference. Ultimately, dark matter may be composed of an entirely different substance.

Nevertheless, if dark matter does indeed comprise WIMPs, we will need to think outside the box in our experiments. For those of us delving into the mysteries of the universe’s dark side, the seemingly bright future of neutrinos may blind us to the realities of dark matter.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Should we be concerned about the fragments from the universe hitting Earth daily?

Posted on February 2, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Effectively zero. It may be attacked by the satellite that you fall.

Although the number of satellites in the orbit has risen in exponential functions, modern satellites have the ability to control the re -entry trajectory, and they are built from low -density materials to burn out as they fall into the atmosphere.

However, fragments in the universe are still reaching the ground. We use the rocket stage from the long March rocket in China as a recent example.

However, in the past 50 years, NASA has recorded average. One of the fragments of the universe that reaches the ground per day Currently, death or serious injury is not known.

One piece per day sounds like a lot, but at least three airplanes are dropped (mainly non -profit aircraft) in order to focus on it. 。

Being attacked by a piece of satellite is unlikely to be hit by a part of the crashed airplane -credit: Petrovich9

When the plane crashes, it usually remains in one piece until the moment of the impact, and is often full of fuel. As a result, the falling aircraft is much more fatal than a typical cosmic fragment. This may be part of a small titanium and carbon fiber panel.

There is no difference here for the extra altitude that the fragments of the universe have fallen. Falling from 300 km (about 186 miles) is the same as 10 km (6.2 miles) to reach the terminal speed long before hitting the ground.

Aircraft tend to fly near a dense population area, but spaceship is much more evenly distributed around the world. If everyone in the world goes out and spread, they cover only about 0.0002 % on the surface of the earth.

Therefore, even if the fragments of the fallen universe are fatal, they miss 99.9998 % and translate them into one death every 1 or 300 years.

This article is the answer to the question (asked by Charlie Bond by e -mail) “What is the possibility of a falling satellite?”

To send a question, please email questions@sciencefocus.com or send a message. Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram Page (don’t forget to include your name and location).

For surprising science, see the ultimate fun fact page.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

It’s time to redefine our relationship with Dopamine

Posted on February 2, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Currently, the internet is filled with content about resetting the brain’s reward system and rediscovering simple joys in life. One popular method gaining traction, promoted by influencers as a quick fix, is known as dopamine detoxification. Advocates claim that this method can reset the brain’s neurochemical balance and improve focus by cutting out activities that overstimulate.

The basic concept behind dopamine detox is to eliminate quick and easy sources of joy for a certain period. Some programs suggest starting with a day and gradually extending up to several weeks to rebalance dopamine levels.

While the idea of dopamine detox seems appealing at first glance, the evidence supporting it is not as straightforward. Dopamine plays a role in rewarding activities, but it is not solely responsible for joy or focus. Other brain chemicals like endorphins and opioids also contribute to feelings of pleasure.

Understanding Dopamine’s Function:

Dopamine drives desires rather than directly causing joy upon fulfillment. Studies have shown that blocking dopamine in animal brains did not diminish their enjoyment of food, highlighting the complexity of dopamine’s role in the brain.

https://c02.purpledshub.com/uploads/sites/41/2025/01/GettyImages-1415596511.mp4

Dopamine crystal formation time lapse polarized microscope video

Medications like Levodopa that increase dopamine levels in Parkinson’s patients have not consistently led to improved focus or happiness, challenging the notion that boosting dopamine through detox would enhance overall well-being.

Further Reading:

While certain substances like drugs can alter dopamine function and impact joy, detoxing from everyday activities like social media and online shopping may not have the same effect on brain chemistry.

Despite the lack of strong scientific evidence, practicing dopamine detox may still have benefits. For instance, reducing excessive consumption of junk food can improve overall health.

The Advantages of Dopamine Detox:

Studies on complete digital detox have shown potential benefits, such as improved social interactions and emotional recognition, although more rigorous research is needed to draw definitive conclusions.

Dopamine burns our needs for rewards that are driving more than the joy we actually experience -Photo credit: Getty

While dopamine detox may not reset dopamine levels as claimed, it can still be a useful productivity and lifestyle strategy. Implementing intentional breaks from habits can help break automatic behaviors and encourage mindful actions.

Instead of completely eliminating activities, setting goals to gradually reduce engagement may be a more sustainable approach. Experimenting with different strategies can help identify what works best for individual needs.

Further Reading:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

For 30 years, scientists were unaware of this air-breathing eel hidden by mucus

Posted on February 1, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

In 1836, European scientists discovered a unique animal in the Amazon River. It resembled an eel, was a few feet long, and had lungs filled with air, leading anatomists to believe it was a reptile.

A year later, another specimen was found in Africa and initially declared an amphibian based on its heart structure. After 30 years of debate, scientific consensus concluded that they were fish, breathing air through lungs rather than gills. Thus, the lung fish was identified.

In situations where they cannot access the water’s surface to breathe, West African lung fish (Protopterus Annectens) have the ability to do so. Their tiny eggs do not provide enough oxygen, but these lung fish have adapted to survive in swamp and river environments, enduring seasonal changes.

https://c02.purpledshub.com/uploads/sites/41/2025/01/GettyImages-181385820.mp4

Lung fish create burrows in mud, forming mucus-filled chambers where they remain motionless without eating until the rains return, entering a dormant state. This survival tactic can last for several months in the wild, with some lung fish reported to have stayed dormant for up to four years.

The evolution of lung fish dates back over 400 million years, yet many mysteries still surround these creatures, particularly regarding their lung connections to other fish-like features.

Various fish species, such as Bitile and Bow Fin, possess lungs but lack swim bladders. The question of which organ evolved first remains unresolved, highlighting the complexities of evolutionary biology.

Pulmonary fish are often considered the closest living relatives of amphibians -Credit: Albert Guerello

In fish embryos, both swim bladders and lungs develop from intestinal pockets, suggesting a shared evolutionary link. Research indicating a blood system connection further supports the theory that lungs may be older organs than swim bladders, which likely developed later and underwent revisions.

Scholars have long debated whether lung fish, as some of the oldest living fish species, represent a common ancestor linking all vertebrates, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.

Another enigmatic group, the coelacanths, are closely related to lung fish in recent studies, but share a closer link to bony fish like tuna and herring than to terrestrial vertebrates such as humans.

There are currently six species of lung fish in existence, with four originating from Africa. The Australian lung fish, known as Metosera, holds the title of the oldest living fish in captivity, with individuals like Grandad in Chicago’s aquarium reaching ages of over 100 years.

For more fascinating science facts, visit our ultimate fun fact page.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com