US Public Health System Progresses Blindly Amid Significant Budget Cuts

Posted on October 28, 2025 by

The Trump administration has significantly reduced essential U.S. health research

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Essential public health research in the United States is experiencing severe cutbacks following extensive layoffs among government employees responsible for key national data systems. These datasets, which track a wide variety of factors from births to substance use, have informed health policy for many years. Without this data, effectively identifying and responding to health challenges will become nearly impossible.

“It’s akin to boarding a plane without a speedometer or altimeter; you have no idea of your altitude or distance to the nearest airport,” remarks Susan Mayne, the former Director of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition.

During his second term, President Donald Trump has actively sought to shrink government size, with the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) becoming a primary target. The agency’s workforce was slashed in March, reducing from 82,000 employees to 62,000. In October, an additional 1,100 layoffs were announced, though a court order temporarily halted them due to the ongoing government shutdown.

Most layoffs have affected human resources, IT, and communication departments; however, some critical public health research staff have also been impacted. HHS has not responded to inquiries from New Scientist. The full extent of the layoffs affecting public health surveys remains unknown, though at least five cases have been identified thus far.

The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) was one of the first to feel these impacts. In April, HHS terminated all 17 people working on this vital study, disrupting the only national survey on drug use, addiction, and mental health. For over fifty years, the NSDUH has guided policymakers in directing funds to regions most affected by these issues. Although the latest report was released in July with the help of contractors from RTI International, the future of the survey remains uncertain. “All our planning will ultimately be for naught. Who at HHS will now steer the investigation?” asked former NSDUH director Jennifer Honig on social media, in a post.

In September, the government also terminated the Household Food Security Report, which tracks food insecurity nationwide, claiming: in a statement, “These redundant, expensive, politicized, and irrelevant studies only stoke fear.”

Yet, this report has enjoyed bipartisan backing for decades. Georgia Machel from the National WIC Association, a nonprofit that supports the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), remarked, “Programs like WIC depend on this national data to comprehend the full scope of hunger and food insecurity, allowing us to allocate resources effectively,” Machel added in her statement.

Recently, HHS is reported to have disbanded the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and laid off about 100 staff members. As noted by a Washington D.C.-based nonprofit advocating for open data and evidence-based policy, data infrastructure includes many employees from the National Vital Statistics System, which monitors births, deaths, and the leading causes of mortality and maternal issues across the United States.

Furthermore, the entire team administering the National Death Index has also faced these layoffs, according to former NCHS director Charles Rothwell. This database contains essential identifying information about every death in the U.S., including individual names, addresses, causes of death, and often Social Security numbers, enabling comprehensive tracking. “This is the only dataset like this accessible,” states Rothwell.

Because it contains sensitive information, the report will not be published but will assist other researchers and institutions with long-term studies. For instance, the Department of Veterans Affairs collaborates with officials to analyze mortality among veterans versus non-veterans. Researchers also utilize the data to ascertain whether participants have died or simply relocated, which is vital for aging studies like the Health and Retirement Study that evaluates the wellbeing of older Americans. As Rothwell highlighted, disruptions to the National Death Index could have ripple effects on various public health studies.

According to New Scientist, citing a recent court ruling, NCHS stated it is “not currently taking steps to implement or manage” staffing cuts. However, there was no reply regarding whether action would be taken once the government shutdown concludes, or how existing databases would be maintained.

In October, an employee responsible for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was also dismissed. This research initiative is one of the most thorough evaluations of health, nutrition, and disease in the nation, facilitating mobile clinics that conduct blood tests, urine assessments, bone density evaluations, and oral health examinations to oversee diet, environmental exposures, and disease spread. “This truly lays the groundwork for nutrition and public health policy,” says Mayne. Moreover, it informs national dietary guidelines, environmental regulations, and food label developments. “Lacking accurate data about our population’s health and nutrition means we cannot properly prioritize public health initiatives,” she asserts.

The Data Foundation reports that HHS appears to have reversed its decision regarding layoffs for NHANES staff. However, the initial elimination of these roles remains alarming, as does the fate of personnel involved in other significant public health inquiries. These data sets fundamentally shape U.S. public health policy; any weakening or elimination of them could lead to systemic failures.

Topic:

US/
Public Health

Source: www.newscientist.com

Men Might Need to Exercise More than Women for Comparable Heart Health Benefits

Posted on October 27, 2025 by

Exercise offers substantial advantages for heart health

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For men over 50, engaging in more than twice the exercise as women may be necessary to achieve equivalent heart health benefits. Data analysis from activity trackers indicated that this demographic requires almost nine hours of moderate-to-vigorous activities, such as brisk walking or cycling, each week to lower their risk of coronary heart disease by 30%.

In comparison, women only need around four hours to achieve the same reduction.

Researchers had long speculated that women might experience greater heart benefits from exercise than men, based on self-reported data, although such figures can be misleading.

To address this issue, Chen Jiajing and colleagues at Xiamen University in China utilized data from wrist-worn activity monitors sourced from the British Biobank study, correlated with participants’ health records over an eight-year span.

The team first evaluated data from 80,243 adults, averaging 61 years in age and with no previous history of coronary heart disease. Women achieving at least 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise weekly had a 22% reduced risk of developing coronary heart disease, while men saw only a 17% reduction with the same exercise commitment.

To reach a 30% risk reduction, even greater physical activity was required. There was a notable gender disparity in this regard, with women needing to exercise 250 minutes and men needing 530 minutes.

The team next examined 5,169 participants already diagnosed with coronary heart disease, with an average age of 67, and two-thirds being male. Women who engaged in 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise per week were 70% less likely to die from any cause in the subsequent eight years compared to less active women. Conversely, men who completed the same amount of exercise only experienced a 20% lower likelihood of death than their less active counterparts.

“This isn’t bad news for men, but it’s important to recognize,” says Nir Einon from Monash University, Australia. “With this knowledge, men can strive to improve and exercise more. It’s encouraging for busy women, yet we must not forget that women also need to remain active.”

Chen and his team could not be reached for immediate comments, but the study suggests the discrepancy may be linked to hormonal factors, as higher estrogen levels can enhance fat metabolism during exercise. Eynon posited that biological differences could mean women utilize more breathing capacity, metabolic energy, and muscle strength to achieve comparable physical tasks as men.

The research is “robust”; Guidelines based on gender according to Ercilia DeFilippis at Columbia University in New York City, yet it primarily encompasses individuals who are about 93% white, affluent, and educated. DeFilippis highlighted that Black women typically experience poorer cardiovascular outcomes than their white counterparts, and social factors significantly impact their health and treatment adherence.

“It’s crucial to understand how these findings relate to more racially diverse and socio-economically disadvantaged groups in the future, given the severe impact of cardiovascular disease,” she emphasized.

Nonetheless, these findings for the older demographic indicate that remaining active in later years can offer considerable benefits, but exercise regimens should be customized according to age and physical capabilities, she reiterated. “It’s never too late to become active and move your body.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Wegovy Improves Heart Health Even with Slight Weight Loss

Posted on October 23, 2025 by

Increasing evidence suggests that GLP-1 drugs like Wegovy offer benefits beyond treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Shelby Knowles/Bloomberg via Getty Images

Research indicates that the weight-loss medication Wegovy can lower the risk of heart attacks and other cardiovascular conditions, even in individuals who may not experience significant weight loss or those who aren’t severely obese.

Earlier findings from the SELECT trial hinted that Wegovy, a GLP-1 weight-loss drug, could have these heart health benefits, but it remained unclear if they were solely due to weight reduction. Studies involving pigs suggested a direct protective effect on the heart, now validated in humans.

“The important takeaway is that the cardiovascular advantages of these drugs occur independently of weight loss. This repositions them as drugs that modify diseases rather than merely aiding weight loss,” explains John Deanfield from University College London.

Wegovy contains semaglutide, a GLP-1 treatment, as well as Ozempic, which is designed for managing type 2 diabetes. While these treatments are approved for weight management and diabetes, they have shown promise in various other conditions, including dementia and alcoholism.

The SELECT trial assessed semaglutide against placebo regarding cardiovascular risks in 17,604 participants aged 45 and older who were overweight or obese. None were diabetic, yet all had some heart disease. In November 2023, Deanfield et al. announced that semaglutide reduced the likelihood of heart attacks, strokes, and other severe cardiac events by 20%.

Researchers are analyzing data to determine if these effects are solely due to weight loss, examining various body mass index (BMI) and weight loss ranges. They discovered that individuals starting with a BMI of 27—categorized as mildly obese—showed improved heart disease risk after using semaglutide, as did the severely obese with a BMI of 44.

Interestingly, the degree of weight lost seemed to have minimal impact on cardiovascular improvements, whether during the initial 20 weeks or throughout the nearly two-year study.

However, abdominal fat appears to play a significant role. Researchers noted that a slimmer waist at the study’s onset correlated with reduced heart disease risk, regardless of whether participants received semaglutide or a placebo. Moreover, after years on semaglutide, each 5-centimeter reduction in waist size was linked to a 9% decrease in cardiovascular event risk. The research team found that waistline reduction contributed to nearly one-third of the drug’s heart-protective effects, while the reasons for the other benefits remain unclear.

These results reinforce semaglutide’s potential beyond just weight management, as individuals in the placebo group even experienced a slight rise in heart disease risk while losing weight; this may be reflective of an underlying health issue, Deanfield notes.

Further studies are required to unpack how semaglutide and potentially other GLP-1 medications exert these benefits. Professor Deanfield speculates that enhancements in blood vessel function and blood pressure could be at play, alongside possible anti-inflammatory effects.

“Inflammation is a crucial mechanism influencing various diseases we want to avoid,” he mentions. “This appears to be a shared pathway targeted by these drugs.”

This advantage might also be linked to how semaglutide interacts with fat surrounding the heart, referred to as epicardial adipose tissue. Gianluca Iacobellis from the University of Miami highlights, “Semaglutide binds to epicardial adipose tissue receptors to enhance tissue health, consequently improving heart function and lowering cardiovascular event risks.”

“The query remains: What criteria should we establish to identify individuals most likely to benefit from these drugs?” questions Stefano Masi from the University of Pisa, Italy. “This is an ongoing challenge.”

topic:

Medical drugs /
heart disease

Source: www.newscientist.com

Nurturing Your Infant’s Microbiome: A Foundation for Lifelong Mental Health

Posted on October 22, 2025 by

Families that garden together have more diverse microbiomes

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New parents often juggle numerous worries like sleep schedules, breastfeeding, and even the color of their newborn’s poop, but the baby’s microbiome might not top their list of concerns. Experts suggest it shouldn’t be a priority just yet.

“The initial 1,000 days of life are vital for establishing the microbiome. Once established, altering it is quite challenging,” says Federica Amati from Imperial College School of Medicine. Early microbial colonization plays a significant role not just in physical health, but also in brain development, mental well-being in adolescence, and even in reducing the risk of dementia in later life.

During a meeting I attended, this point seemed crucial for new parents. Goodwood Health Summit held this month in Chichester, England. However, after speaking with nutritionists, microbiologists, and doctors, I became convinced that the importance of introducing microbes early in a child’s life is paramount. There are straightforward, cost-effective strategies to navigate your child’s microbiome in a beneficial direction.

Why early microbiome health is essential

We’re frequently reminded that the trillions of microorganisms comprising our microbiome influence our bodies in various ways, from safeguarding our gut lining to controlling inflammation. But they also impact the brain.

Microbial byproducts influence the formation and adjustment of brain connections during early childhood, a pivotal process for healthy brain growth. Bacteria also communicate with the brain through the vagus nerve, affecting mood and stress levels. Persistent inflammation due to an unbalanced gut microbiome may contribute to depression and neurodegenerative diseases.

Moreover, research has linked microbial imbalance to conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and autism. Early studies suggest that children with autism may present unique microbiome profiles, and fecal transplants from non-autistic donors may offer improvements in both gastrointestinal and behavioral issues.

Ways to nurture the ideal microbiome

Once a microbial ecosystem is set up, overhauling it can be quite difficult, making initial seeding vital. “It’s akin to changing an English garden into a rainforest,” comments Amati, who also serves as the head nutritionist for the Zoe health app.

So how can we foster the ideal growing environment? The gut microbiome begins to flourish even before birth. Bacteria and fungi present in the uterus are consumed by the fetus, and additional microorganisms are transferred during passage through the vaginal canal at birth.

Babies delivered by C-section generally have different gut bacteria, linked to a heightened risk of asthma and eczema, though these discrepancies typically diminish by 6 to 9 months of age.

The advantages of breastfeeding are even more pronounced, as breast milk contains sugars that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium, which is absent in formula. If we liken the microbiome to a garden, these bacteria act as a protective barrier against harmful microbes.

Antibiotics can severely disrupt early microbiome seeding, eliminating both beneficial and harmful bacteria. While antibiotics are often essential, it is crucial for healthcare providers to prescribe them judiciously to safeguard the developing gut, states James Kinross, a colorectal surgeon at Imperial College London.

Post the first year, dietary choices have the most significant impact. Amati emphasizes that variety is crucial, stemming from whole foods rather than ultra-processed snacks commonly provided to young children.

As many parents are aware, young children are notoriously picky eaters. “Prenatal meals are simply a luxury,” explains pediatrician Nancy Bostock, who highlighted that young children don’t need extensive amounts of food. Persistence is key afterward; “Make 20 offers,” she advises. I implemented this approach and despite initial refusal, I continued to serve salmon every Monday for half a year, and my children now love it.

Introducing whole foods doesn’t have to break the bank either. “Canned lentils and frozen raspberries are excellent choices,” adds Amati.

The benefits of getting dirty

Is there a simple and overlooked way to enhance early microbial diversity? Embrace dirt! Research indicates that soil, plant, and human microbiomes are more interconnected than previously understood.

Kinross states that healthy, undisturbed soil is teeming with microorganisms that support the growth of nutrient-dense food for our microbiome. “Our health is inherently linked to the well-being of our soil. The soil microbiome shapes our food, which subsequently influences our health,” he notes.

Additionally, it appears that interacting with soil might directly introduce beneficial microorganisms into the gut, potentially enhancing immune function. Research on the Amish community, for instance, reveals that those who practice traditional farming methods exhibited stronger immune systems compared to Hutterite groups that utilize industrial agriculture. In animal studies, inhaling dust from Amish households (but not from Hutterite homes) showed protective effects against asthma through enhanced microbial immune signaling.

Families who garden together also show seasonal variations in intestinal soil bacteria, implying that microorganisms are introduced via home-grown produce or direct soil contact. Although the long-term influence on children’s microbiomes is still unclear, various studies indicate that families engaging in gardening tend to have greater microbial diversity and higher nutritional quality than those who do not.

You don’t even need a garden to reap these benefits. Spending time outdoors, tending to potted plants, and consuming home-grown produce are all advantageous for your microbiome, according to Amati.

It’s essential not to conflate getting dirty with the outdated “hygiene hypothesis,” which erroneously attributes inflammatory diseases to maintaining a clean home. What we truly require is exposure to beneficial microorganisms, rather than childhood illnesses that can be minimized by proper hygiene.

The old friend hypothesis suggests that humans evolved alongside beneficial microbes from soil, animals, and each other. Changes in our behavior have diminished contact with these beneficial organisms, potentially contributing to the rise of chronic diseases by reducing outdoor activity.

Promoting healthy dietary habits for your child’s mental well-being

Even after the crucial first 1,000 days, the microbiome remains malleable. That’s why fostering a passion for healthy foods in children is crucial, asserts Amati.

Bostock, who specializes in pediatric mental health including eating disorders, warns against limiting specific foods. “Repeatedly, I observe parents struggling to get their kids to eat certain things unless they consume this or that,” she notes. Emphasizing “good” versus “bad” foods can promote eating disorders and obesity, she asserts.

Instead, she advocates for continuous exposure to a range of foods, shared family meals, and celebrating the unique benefits of each food item (whether it be quick energy or bone-strengthening properties).

Lastly, Amati encourages educating children about their microbiome, stating, “Help them understand the role of these beneficial bugs. They find it fascinating and enjoy nourishing the good bacteria.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

The Level of Happiness Required to Reap Health Benefits

Posted on October 21, 2025 by

On average, do you feel happier than 2.7 out of 10?? And does your country’s population score high as well? Good news! According to a new study, your community is happy enough to enjoy significant health advantages.

The study, published in Medical Frontier, found that countries with a Life Ladder score exceeding 2.7 out of 10—a global indicator of well-being—experienced markedly lower mortality rates from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like heart disease, cancer, asthma, and diabetes.

These findings indicate that while happiness and health are interconnected, nations need to progress beyond this well-being threshold for citizens to fully realize these benefits.

For each 1% rise in well-being above the 2.7 threshold, deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) declined by an average of 0.43%. This implies that even slight increases in happiness can result in tangible health improvements.

In the United States, where the average happiness score stands at 6.96, such an increase could translate to nearly 11,500 fewer NCD-related deaths annually.

“Happiness is not merely a personal feeling; it serves as a measurable public health resource,” stated Yulia Iuga, a professor at the University of Alba Iulia in Romania and the study’s lead author.

The research analyzed well-being data from 123 countries collected between 2006 and 2021, comparing NCD mortality rates among adults aged 30 to 70.

Researchers employed the Life Ladder, a global tool for assessing subjective well-being that asks individuals to rate their lives on a scale of 0 to 10, where higher scores represent greater satisfaction.

“You can think of the life ladder as a straightforward happiness scale from zero to 10, with zero indicating the worst life and 10 the best,” Iuga clarified. “An appropriate descriptor for the 2.7 threshold could be ‘barely coping.'” Currently, only one nation falls below this benchmark: Afghanistan, with a happiness score of 1.36. Meanwhile, Finland leads the world ranking with a Life Ladder score of 7.74, followed by Denmark (7.52) and Iceland (7.51).

Many studies link health and happiness – Credit: Getty

Iuga noted that the findings suggest the benefits of happiness are likely to continue expanding indefinitely. “There’s no downside to being excessively happy,” she emphasized. “This study found no point at which the health benefits began to taper off or reverse.”

Iuga further indicated that policies aimed at enhancing population well-being can foster self-sustaining cycles of health improvement. In essence, better health boosts happiness, which in turn encourages further health gains.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Understanding the 5 Types of Sleep and Their Impact on Your Health

Posted on October 8, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Sleep experiences can vary remarkably from one person to another

PeopleImages/Shutterstock

Individuals can undergo one of five different sleep types, each showcasing the diverse ways our rest impacts health.

Previous research has identified links between sleep and aspects like sleep cognition, mental health, and physical issues including heart disease. Nonetheless, these studies typically examined only one dimension of sleep, like its duration or quality.

To adopt a more integrated perspective, Valeria Quevette from Concordia University in Montreal, Canada, along with her team, explored the connections among seven sleep-related factors (like sleep satisfaction and the use of sleep aids) and 118 other variables, including cognition, substance use, and mental health. They gathered data encompassing cognitive evaluations, sleep studies, and brain imaging from 770 adults aged 22 to 36 in the United States with no reported health issues.

This analysis led to the identification of five distinct sleep profiles. The first profile represented a general trend of sleep deprivation, distinguished by heightened sleep disruptions, diminished sleep satisfaction, prolonged time to fall asleep, and worsening mental health, including symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as issues like anger, fear, and stress.

Brain imaging of individuals in this category revealed decreased connectivity among networks linked to self-reflection, such as the temporolateral network, and those responsible for attention and tasks, like the somatomotor and dorsal attention networks. Researchers suggest this may indicate a disruption in the brain’s ability to alternate between internal thoughts and the external environment. For instance, individuals in this group might dwell on personal feelings and thoughts rather than focusing on their surroundings.

The second sleep profile also indicated declining mental health, particularly relating to inattention, yet not to sleep disorders. Essentially, these individuals generally had good quality sleep. “We interpreted this as the restorative capacity of sleep,” Kebets notes. “They experience poor mental health, which does not necessarily have repercussions on their sleep.” People in this category similarly showed differing brain connectivity patterns than those observed in the first group, suggesting that such connectivity issues are directly linked to sleep disturbances rather than overarching mental health.

The third profile illustrated a connection between the use of sleep medications, including prescription drugs and herbal teas aimed at improving sleep. These individuals often exhibited poor memory and emotional insights—perhaps explaining the reduced connectivity in brain areas associated with vision, memory, and emotion.

The fourth profile was marked by obtaining less than 7 hours of sleep per night, which is the recommended minimum. This inadequacy correlated with slower accuracy and reaction times in cognitive tasks assessing emotional processing, language, and social skills. Additionally, this profile was linked to increased aggressive behaviors and heightened connectivity across brain networks. Previous studies on sleep deprivation have shown similar connectivity enhancements, pointing to sleep debt implications.

The fifth profile was distinguished by frequent sleep interruptions, such as waking multiple times during the night. These disruptions were linked with poorer language processing capabilities and working memory, alongside indications of deteriorating mental health, including anxiety symptoms and issues with substance use.

These findings enhance our understanding of the intricate relationship between sleep and health, according to Kebets. “Sleep is essential to your well-being and connects to cognition, physical health, mental health, substance use, and many other functioning spheres.”

However, not all individuals conformed precisely to a single profile, Kebets explains. The researchers found no causal ties but rather associations between sleep profiles and traits. It’s also crucial to acknowledge that a substantial number of individuals attain consistently high-quality sleep. Moreover, as the participants were predominantly Caucasian, this study may have overlooked sleep profiles prevalent in other ethnic groups.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Home Care Chatbots in Australian Health Systems: AI Tools Revolutionizing Patient Support

Posted on October 3, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Petalol looked forward to Aida’s call each morning at 10 AM.

While daily check-in calls from the AI Voice bot weren’t part of the expected service package when she enrolled in St. Vincent’s home care, the 79-year-old agreed to participate in the trial four months ago to assist with the initiative. However, realistically, her expectations were modest.

Yet, when the call comes in, she remarks: “I was taken aback by how responsive she is. It’s impressive for a robot.”

“She always asks, ‘How are you today?’ allowing you to express if you’re feeling unwell.”

“She then follows up with, ‘Did you get a chance to go outside today?’

Aida also inquires about what tasks she has planned for the day, stating, “I’ll manage it well.”

“If I say I’m going shopping, will she clarify if it’s for groceries or something else? I found that fascinating.”

Bots that alleviate administrative pressure

Currently, the trial, which is nearing the end of its initial phase, exemplifies how advancements in artificial intelligence are impacting healthcare.

The Digital Health Company collaborated with St. Vincent’s health to trial its generative AI technology aimed at enhancing social interaction, enabling home care clients to follow up with staff regarding any health concerns.

Dean Jones, the national director at St. Vincent’s, emphasizes that this service is not intended to replace face-to-face interactions.

“Clients still have weekly in-person meetings, but during these sessions… [AI] the system facilitates daily check-ins and highlights potential issues to the team or the client’s family,” Jones explains.

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Dr. Tina Campbell, Health Managing Director, states no negative incidents have been reported from the St. Vincent trial.

The company employs open AI “with clearly defined guardrails and prompts” to ensure conversations remain safe and can promptly address serious health concerns, according to Campbell. For instance, if a client experiences chest pain, the care team is alerted, and the call is terminated, allowing the individual to call emergency services.

Campbell believes that AI is pivotal in addressing significant workforce challenges within the healthcare sector.

“With this technology, we can lessen the burden on workforce management, allowing qualified health professionals to focus on their duties,” she states.

AI isn’t as novel as you think

Professor Enrico Coyera, founder of the Australian Alliance for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, notes that older AI systems have been integral to healthcare in “back-office services,” including medical imaging and pathology report interpretations.

Coyera, who directs the Center for Health Information at Macquarie University, explains:

“In departments like Imaging and Radiology, machines already perform these tasks.”

Over the past decade, a newer AI method called “deep learning” has been employed to analyze medical images and enhance diagnoses, Coyera adds.

In November, New South Wales became the first in Australia to implement mechanical measurement technology in population-based screening programs to aid radiologists with the interpretation of mammographic images.

These tools remain specialized and require expert interpretation, and ultimately, responsibility for medical decisions rests with practitioners, Coyera stresses.

The role of AI in early disease identification

The Murdoch Children’s Institute in Melbourne, in partnership with researchers at UCL London, has developed an AI method to identify brain abnormalities in epilepsy, specifically local cortical dysplasia in MRI scans.

These lesions can cause seizures that are resistant to medication, making surgery the only treatment option. However, successful surgery depends on the ability to identify the abnormal tissue.

In a study published this week in Epilepsia, a team led by neurologist Emma McDonald Rouse demonstrated that “AI epilepsy detectors” can identify lesions in up to 94% of MRI and PET scans, even detecting a subtype of lesions that are often missed by over 60%.

This AI was trained using scans from 54 patients and was tested on 17 children and 12 adults. Of the 17 children, 12 underwent surgery, and 11 are currently seizure-free.

This tool employs a neural network classifier, similar to breast cancer screening, to highlight abnormalities that experts still need to review, emphasizing a much faster path to diagnosis.

She underlines that researchers remain in the “early stages” of development, and further study is necessary to advance the technology for clinical use.

Professor Mark Cook, a neurologist not associated with the research, states that MRI scans yield vast amounts of high-resolution data that are challenging for humans to analyze. Thus, locating these lesions is akin to “finding needles in a haystack.”

“This exemplifies how AI can assist clinicians by providing quicker and more precise diagnoses, potentially enhancing surgical access and outcomes for children with otherwise severe epilepsy,” Cook affirms.

Prospects for disease detection

Dr. Stefan Buttigieg, vice-president of the Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence section at the European Association of Public Health, notes that deep neural networks are integral to monitoring and forecasting disease outbreaks.

At the Australian Public Health Conference in Wollongong last month, Buttigieg referenced the early detection of the Covid-19 outbreak by Blue Dot, a firm established by infectious disease specialists.

Generative AI represents a subset of deep learning, allowing technology to create new content based on its training data. Applications in healthcare include programs like Healthyly’s AI Voice Bot and AI Scribes for doctors.

Dr. Michael Wright, president of the Royal Australian GPS College, mentions that GPs are embracing AI Scribes, which transform consultations into notes for patient records.

Wright highlights that the primary benefit of scribes is to enhance the quality of interactions between physicians and patients.

Dr. Daniel McMullen, president of the Australian Medical Association, concurs, stating that scribes assist doctors in optimizing their time and that AI could help prevent redundant testing for patients. The promised digitization of health records remains a challenge.

Buttigieg argues that one of AI’s greatest potential is in delivering increasingly personalized healthcare.

“For years, healthcare has relied on generic tools and solutions. Now, we are moving towards a future with more sophisticated solutions, where AI fulfills the same roles,” Buttigieg concludes.

Researchers can utilize AI to analyze MRI data to aid in identifying brain lesions. Photo: Karly Earl/Guardian

Source: www.theguardian.com

One Blood Sample Can Uncover 11 Years of Organ and System Health

Posted on September 19, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Small Blood Samples Reveal Insights into Health

Momo Productions/Getty Images

A single blood test can unveil the biological ages of 11 distinct organs and systems in the body, potentially indicating disease risks in those areas.

“Our objective is to enhance care using one test that reflects not just the overall biological age, but identifies which system is primarily influencing it,” explains Raghav Sehgal from Yale University. “This way, individuals can receive tailored lifestyle or treatment recommendations based on their profiles.”

To evaluate an individual’s lifespan and health risks, biological age serves as an indicator of the rate at which their body ages, contrasting this with chronological age, according to Morgan Levine at Altos Labs in California. Researchers have designed an epigenetic watch to assess DNA methylation, which involves the addition or removal of chemical tags that toggle genes on and off.

While it’s convenient, its accuracy is questioned by Levine. Different organs and systems age at varied rates, heavily influenced by genetics and medical history, she highlights.

“There is a common belief that within an individual, organs and systems can be distinct.” Vadim Gladyshev from Harvard University, who did not partake in the research, notes. “Some brains may exhibit older characteristics, while kidneys may age differently compared to other organs.”

Thus, Sehgal, Levine, and their colleagues embarked on creating methylation tests that target aging states in various body parts. Initially, they assessed physical measurements, including blood tests, medical histories, and grip strength from around 7,500 individuals involved in two major research programs, namely the Health and Retirement Study—a database of U.S. residents over 50 and some U.S. families contributing DNA for genomic research.

Researchers searched for clear connections between age-related conditions, encompassing immune, inflammatory, hematological, musculoskeletal, hormonal, and metabolic systems along with five key organs linked to the heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, and brain. They then correlated these findings with DNA methylation patterns, trained computer models to recognize those patterns, calculated the biological age of each system, and generated an overall biological age.

After training their models, the team tested it on blood samples from another 8,125 individuals whose data originated from four other studies. They discovered, for instance, that the model’s heart score could predict heart disease, brain scores were associated with cognitive decline, and musculoskeletal scores indicated whether individuals were likely to have arthritis-like conditions.

Comparing their findings with established epigenetic clocks, the researchers noted that organ-specific scores demonstrated strong accuracy, with many yielding excellent results. “It’s quite remarkable that a single factor measured through a blood test can effectively estimate aging across multiple systems,” remarks Levine.

Daniel Belsky from Columbia University in New York describes the epigenetic clock as representing “significant” advancements in aging research. “This marks the initial foray into developing interpretable measures of biological aging that allow for simultaneous analysis of multiple systems, guiding back to specific tissues or organs,” he explains. “It provides a pathway for reverse-engineering from aggregate measurements to pinpoint where health issues may emerge.”

Nonetheless, he cautions that this method might deviate from the overarching objectives of the field. “The essence of genetic science and the potential of aging biology resides in perceiving humans as coherent systems where we seek to identify the weakest links to bolster and avert failures,” Belsky asserts. “Maintaining this integrated perspective is crucial.”

Crucially, Levine clarifies that this test is not intended for diagnostic purposes but for risk assessment. “All assessments, including those in our studies, aim to provide estimates and insights into the inner workings of our bodies,” she emphasizes. “Future research should yield stronger and more precise estimates of aging by integrating various approaches, capturing the complexity and diversity of the aging process.”

Gladyshev envisions that this research could lead to personalized disease prevention strategies. “This represents the core implication of this series of studies,” Belsky adds, while emphasizing the need for further investigation. “We’re not quite there yet.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Scientists Forecast Wildfire Smoke as Leading Climate-Related Health Risk in Costs

Posted on September 18, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Wildfire smoke contributes to tens of thousands of annual deaths, inflicting greater harm on American residents by mid-century than other climate change-related threats, including extreme heat.

This assertion comes from a new research paper that presents extensive modeling of the increasing health impacts of wildfire smoke on public health in the U.S.

The study, published in Nature magazine on Thursday, reveals an average annual contribution of wildfire smoke, leading to over 41,400 excess deaths—more than twice what previous research had suggested.

By mid-century, the study’s authors project an additional increase of 26,500 to 30,000 deaths as human-driven climate change exacerbates wildfire risks.

Marshall Burke, an environmental and social sciences professor at Stanford University and one of the study’s authors, states:

Economically quantified, Burke mentions that their findings surpassed other financial damages associated with climate change identified in previous studies, including agricultural losses, heat-related fatalities, and energy expenses.

Numerous studies indicate that wildfire smoke exposure results in severe health issues. Tiny smoke particles can infiltrate the lungs and enter the bloodstream, raising the risk of asthma, lung cancer, and other chronic respiratory conditions. Wildfire smoke is also associated with premature births and miscarriages.

This research paints a stark picture of a country increasingly filled with smoke. Fires in the western U.S. and Canada release smoke into the atmosphere, spreading across regions and undermining decades of efforts to curb industrial air pollution through clean air regulations.

Dr. Joel Kaufman, a professor at the University of Washington School of Medicine, commented on the study, noting, “This poses a new threat that can be directly linked to climate change. That’s the crucial point here.”

As the study suggests, wildfire smoke-related deaths could rise by 64% to more than 73%, varying by emission rates.

“Regardless of mitigation efforts, we are likely to experience more smoke by 2050,” Burke added, though emphasizing that emission reduction efforts will have long-term benefits.

Kaufman noted that over the past five to ten years, accumulating evidence indicates that wildfire smoke is at least as detrimental as other forms of air pollution.

“We previously assumed wood burning was less harmful,” Kaufman explained. “These findings indicate that wildfire smoke could be more toxic,” particularly when wildfires consume structures, vehicles, and other human-made materials.

Kaufman highlighted that earlier this year, the Los Angeles fire started from a burning area, but much of it involved homes and plastics, which created “another toxic mixture.” The new research does not differentiate the sources of future wildfire smoke.

The implications of this research could influence public policy.

The Environmental Protection Agency is attempting to revoke a vital legal provision known as “danger detection.” This is part of a broader rollback of environmental regulations. A legal decision from 2009 asserted that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane are contributing to global warming, posing risks to public health and safety. This decision is crucial for the EPA’s ability to regulate greenhouse gas emissions under the Clean Air Act.

Dr. John Balmes, a spokesperson for the American Lung Association and a professor at the University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, expressed that this new study could serve as a “counterargument” against such actions.

The proposal to withdraw these findings is currently undergoing a lengthy regulatory process that is open to public commentary. Balmes mentioned that he referenced the study in a letter opposing the EPA’s proposed changes.

“It reinforces our claims regarding wildfires tied to climate change and their associated public health consequences,” Balmes stated.

On Wednesday, the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine released a report confirming that human-induced global warming is causing harm and will continue to do so in the future. The evidence is “extremely beyond scientific conflict,” asserted the committee behind the report.

The White House did not respond to requests for comments. The EPA stated that the administration is “committed to reducing the risks of catastrophic wildfires,” prioritizing strategies such as prescribed burns, fuel treatment, and debris cleanup to prevent these events.

“The EPA welcomes all public feedback on its proposal to rescind the 2009 danger findings until September 22, 2025, and looks forward to hearing diverse perspectives on this matter,” a spokesperson noted in an email.

In a novel study, researchers estimated the annual excess deaths attributed to wildfire smoke by comparing three models: one that assesses climate change’s impact on fire activity, another predicting changes in fire activity and smoke dispersion, and a third quantifying health outcomes from prolonged smoke exposure.

Researchers used data from 2011-2020 as a baseline to forecast future conditions under various climate scenarios, utilizing datasets that included all U.S. deaths within that period, both satellite and ground-level data on smoke dispersion, and global climate models.

The study assumes that people will take similar protective measures against smoke exposure as they do today.

This study has its limitations, as it primarily relies on a set of models to draw national conclusions. It does not track individual deaths linked to smoke exposure or catalog their health effects.

Results from this study were published alongside another study in Nature that employed a similar methodology and adopted a global perspective. Separate research teams estimate that premature deaths due to wildfire smoke could reach about 1.4 million annually by century’s end—approximately six times the current figure.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Some Viruses Favor Cheats—And This Might Benefit Our Health

Posted on September 18, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Some influenza viruses are freeloaders

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Viruses occasionally contend with parasites resembling sponges. These so-called cheats could be more prevalent and significant than previously recognized by biologists. In influenza cases, such viruses can outnumber typical ones in almost a third of instances, potentially lessening the infection’s severity.

The virus compels infected cells to reproduce copies of itself. While they leverage the cell’s existing machinery, several proteins specified by the viral genome are crucial for this process.

However, mutations may eliminate the viral genes responsible for these critical proteins, leading to defective viruses that can invade cells but fail to replicate. A different virus might also infect the same cell, supplying the missing protein or proteins.

The cells combine both viral copies. In fact, they may produce more defective or incomplete viruses since these have a reduced genome size. Consequently, these less complete viruses equate to a virus that avoids paying its share at a pub, thereby slowing the infection process.

The existence of these deceptive interfering viruses, often referred to as defective interfering viruses, was confirmed back in 1970 by Usher Leak at the University of British Columbia, Canada. “But this raises an important question: Are they fundamentally significant?”

His team is striving to answer this query. Previous studies have shown that these fraudulent viruses exist in nature, but their prevalence remains uncertain, as establishing this requires sequencing numerous viruses from infected individuals. Given the risks associated with H5N1 avian influenza, the USDA is currently sequencing for different purposes, and the raw data has become publicly accessible.

The dataset comprises various influenza species, states Leeks. “We’ve got ostriches, cattle, cows, poultry, waterfowl, and raptors.”

Based on preliminary estimates from USDA sequencing, which are not yet published, his team’s findings indicate a notable prevalence of these con artist viruses. “Roughly one in three infected individuals carries at least one viral cheat sequence. This implies that during influenza infections, about one-third of the time, these non-functional viruses dominate the population.”

“Their presence is not unexpected,” he states. “It’s remarkable how abundant they are, and intriguing that they are found across various host species and influenza subtypes.”

Evidence suggests that high levels of con artist viruses diminish infection severity, so their presence could serve as a predictor for disease severity.

Other researchers are exploring whether these fraudulent viruses could potentially be utilized to treat infectious diseases. In fact, human trials are set to begin soon for HIV, following successful outcomes in monkeys.

“I don’t design therapeutics, but our findings aim to provide insights regarding their safety and efficacy,” remarks Leeks.

Raphael Saint-Juan from the University of Valencia in Spain notes that specific findings cannot be discussed until complete results are available. However, there is generally a possibility of application to influenza, as opposed to other viruses.

“Some viruses tend to generate more ‘con artists’ than others,” states Sanjuan. “Influenza viruses, in particular, are known to be extremely prolific in this regard.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Balancing Immune Health and Chronic Inflammation: A Delicate Trade-off

Posted on September 17, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The immune system may be even more intricate than we previously realized

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Having an adequately functioning immune system for extended lifespans might come with the trade-off of chronic inflammation. Some immune cells are programmed to undergo inflammatory deaths to protect against infections, but this can also happen randomly when no pathogens are present.

Our innate immune system comprises cell groups that react swiftly to invasive pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. These cells typically detect microorganisms when they invade or infect them.

“With minimal information such as molecules of viral DNA, immune cells can swiftly decide on a course of action, often opting for self-destruction,” says Randal Halfman from the University of Kansas Cancer Center.

This type of cell death, known as pyroptosis, is triggered by a double death domain protein. These proteins usually float within innate immune cells, but upon encountering pathogens, they assemble into crystal-like structures. This action activates another protein that kills the cells by creating holes, leading to ruptures and releasing inflammatory signals that assist the immune system in pathogen clearance.

To delve deeper into this process, Halfman and his team carried out various laboratory experiments investigating human death-fold domain proteins in yeast cells. This process allowed them to identify five types of these proteins with chemical characteristics that predispose them to naturally form crystal-like structures in the absence of pathogens. They then analyzed existing data to assess the levels of these proteins in uninfected human immune cells.

From this analysis, we determined that certain innate immune cells, such as macrophages that engulf and eliminate pathogens, possess five times more death-fold domain proteins at concentrations sufficient to spontaneously assemble and trigger cell death. “At high enough concentrates, these particles are more likely to randomly conform into crystal structures during the cell’s lifespan,” Halfman explains.

Such phenomena can accumulate with age, contributing to chronic inflammation associated with various conditions, including cancer and Alzheimer’s disease, according to Halfman. “It seems we’ve evolved this way to fend off infections, but it may also lead to chronic inflammation,” he asserts.

This pathway provides protection against infections from birth and enhances our likelihood of aging, though it might also predispose us to inflammation-related diseases later in life, Halfman notes. “If these persistent irritations continue over time, the resulting inflammatory damage can accumulate,” he elaborates. Andy Clark from the University of Birmingham, UK, agrees.

The development of medications that prevent spontaneous cell death could potentially alleviate chronic inflammation related to aging, Halfman suggests. However, Clark cautions that this might render individuals more vulnerable to infections.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Resistance Training Could Enhance Gut Microbiota Health

Posted on September 9, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Strength training can support your gut microbiome

Juliana Yamada/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images

While noticeable muscle growth, like bulging biceps, is a clear advantage of weightlifting, research indicates that strength training can also be beneficial for your gut microbiota.

No singular cluster of microorganisms ensures good health, yet certain compositions are linked with enhanced medical outcomes, including a stronger immune system and healthier aging. Key players include faecalibacterium, Akkermansia, and Rose Buria Hominis, all of which generate short-chain fatty acids such as butyric acid that support the intestinal lining and combat inflammation.

While diet is undeniably significant, studies suggest that aerobic exercise—like cycling and running—can create an environment favorable for these microbial species to thrive. This may occur via improved blood flow, hormonal shifts, or metabolic by-products associated with physical activity, including lactic acid. Research on resistance training has yielded mixed results; some studies indicate significant changes, while others show negligible effects. “Current research is somewhat limited,” notes Matieu Krauss from the Norwegian Sports Science School in Oslo.

For clarity, Sven Nahnsen, from the University of Tübingen in Germany, along with his team, studied a sizable group of 150 sedentary adults who underwent an eight-week training regimen that included a variety of resistance exercises like lateral pulls, seated rows, chest presses, and leg curls.

In contrast to past research, participants utilized an “intelligent” machine that automatically adjusted weights and range of motion based on individual performance, thereby keeping a meticulous record of progress. “The data is precise as every lift is digitally documented,” shares Nahnsen.

Prior to starting, and at intervals during the program, participants submitted stool samples, which researchers analyzed for genetic and metabolic fingerprints of commonly found gut microorganisms.

Across the group, there was no average alteration in microbiome composition post-program. The outcome seemed to vary based on each individual’s training response, showing a correlation between increased intensity and microbiota changes.

High-achieving participants who reaped significant muscle strength benefits exhibited an increased percentage of faecalibacterium and Rose Buria Hominis by the program’s conclusion. “These species were more abundant in those who gained substantially more strength,” summarized Nahnsen.

The reasons why some individuals responded better to the training compared to others remain ambiguous. One might assume it relates to their effort, yet compliance levels were similar across low and high performers. An alternative explanation could be that successful participants altered their diets following their exercise routines. This lifestyle adjustment could reasonably influence both microbiota and muscle strength. However, despite attempts to account for this through dietary assessments, researchers found no substantial differences in food intake, “a factor we couldn’t completely discount,” according to Nahnsen.

Another intriguing prospect is that the microorganisms themselves may partially facilitate the improvements in strength. In high-performing individuals, changes in the microbiome may enhance the production of short-chain fatty acids, enabling muscles to better respond to the eight-week training regimen. However, Nahnsen emphasizes that this warrants further investigation.

He aspires that this research will serve as a foundation for exploring potential mechanisms. “Our goal was to establish a ‘dictionary’ of microorganisms likely affected by resistance training to assist other researchers in uncovering the mechanisms,” he stated. Strategies to promote beneficial shifts in the microbiota post-training could represent a novel approach to enhancing exercise’s health benefits and sports performance.

It’s worth noting that the trial did not include a control group of participants who remained inactive. Nevertheless, Klaus, who did not participate in the study, is optimistic about the findings. “These results reinforce the idea that exercise positively impacts gut health, regardless of the specific type, and highlight that resistance training can induce microbiome-related changes tied to specific health benefits,” he remarked. “This underscores the importance of integrating both endurance and resistance training into health promotion strategies aimed at improving microbiome health.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Florida’s Anti-Vaccine Movement Poses Threats to Public Health Nationwide

Posted on September 8, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

General Joseph Ladapo, Florida surgeon, at an anti-vaccine event held in Sarasota, Florida

Dave Decker/Zuma Press Wire/Shutterstock

The movement against vaccines has gained significant traction in the US, prompting Florida officials to repeal all vaccine mandates, including those for schoolchildren. This decision may inspire similar actions in other states, potentially leading to a resurgence of long-eradicated pediatric diseases.

“If I were a virus, I would celebrate right now,” stated Cynthia Leifer from Cornell University in New York. “The potential elimination of all vaccine mandates in Florida could allow diseases that have been controlled for years to rear their heads again.”

Since the Covid-19 pandemic, the anti-vaccine movement has solidified its presence in the United States, with Florida being a prime example. In 2022, it was the first state to recommend Covid-19 mRNA vaccinations for most children, later expanding that guidance to include all individuals. Now, it might become the first state to entirely abolish vaccine mandates.

The announcement came from Joseph Ladapo, the state’s chief public health officer, on September 3. “This last mandate is fundamentally flawed,” he stated.

Like all states, Florida mandates certain vaccinations for children before they can enroll in school. However, under the authority of the Florida Department of Health led by Ladapo, there is considerable power to delegate vaccine requirements in schools. Ultimately, only state lawmakers can lift all vaccine requirements.

In a statement reported by the Associated Press, the state health department indicated that changes to existing regulations could impact required vaccines, including those for hepatitis B, chickenpox, influenza, HIB, and pneumococcal disease. Unless legislators revoke the laws, vaccines such as polio and measles will remain mandatory for school attendance under state law.

Vaccine requirements are a key factor in the US maintaining one of the highest vaccination rates in the world, which is crucial for preventing diseases like polio, diphtheria, and pertussis from becoming prevalent. Removing these mandates could jeopardize decades of public health achievements and put lives at risk. According to a 2024 CDC report, routine childhood vaccinations have saved approximately 1.13 million lives and averted about 508 million infections in children born from 1994 to 2023.

“Vaccines are victims of their own success; people no longer witness children suffering from preventable diseases,” Leifer remarked.

Much of the resistance against vaccines stems from concerns regarding side effects. However, research shows that the risks associated with vaccination are minor compared to those posed by infections. For instance, the likelihood of developing myocarditis or heart inflammation is seven times higher following Covid-19 infection than after vaccination. Additionally, one in 1000 individuals infected with measles may develop encephalitis, while one in one million vaccinated individuals experience the same condition.

During the press conference, Ladapo provided no scientific rationale for removing the vaccine mandates. The Florida Department of Public Health did not respond to inquiries from New Scientist regarding this matter, instead focusing on appeals to personal and religious freedoms.

“Should this individual dictate what goes into your body? Who decides what your child should receive in their body?” he questioned, emphasizing that each body is a gift from God.

This argument overlooks that over half the states, including Florida, permit exemptions from mandated vaccines for religious reasons. Furthermore, 16 states allow exemptions for personal beliefs, and all states have provisions for medical exemptions.

If school mandates are lifted, it is uncertain how significantly vaccination rates might drop. However, historical data suggests that enforcing requirements boosts vaccine uptake. For example, Maine eliminated personal and religious exemptions in 2019, resulting in over 95% of school-aged children receiving the vaccinations required by 2024, thus achieving herd immunity against measles.

In Florida, less than 89% of kindergarteners were vaccinated from 2024 to 2025. Achieving herd immunity requires a concerted effort to boost vaccination rates nationwide, rather than undermining them.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Experts Warn That Chatbots’ Influence on Mental Health Signals Caution for the Future of AI

Posted on September 8, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

A leading expert in AI safety warns that the unanticipated effects of chatbots on mental health serve as a cautionary tale about the existential risks posed by advanced artificial intelligence systems.

Nate Soares, co-author of the new book “Someone Builds It and Everyone Dies,” discusses the tragic case of Adam Raine, a U.S. teenager who took his own life after several months of interaction with the ChatGPT chatbot, illustrating the critical concerns regarding technological control.

Soares remarked, “When these AIs interact with teenagers in a manner that drives them to suicide, it’s not the behavior the creator desired or intended.”

He further stated, “The incident involving Adam Raine exemplifies the type of issues that could escalate dangerously as AI systems become more intelligent.”

This image is featured on the website of Nate Soares at The Machine Intelligence Research Institute. Photo: Machine Intelligence Research Institute/Miri

Soares, a former engineer at Google and Microsoft and now chairman of the U.S.-based Machine Intelligence Research Institute, cautioned that humanity could face extinction if AI systems were to create artificial superintelligence (ASI) — a theoretical state that surpasses human intelligence in all domains. Along with co-author Eliezer Yudkowsky, he warns that such systems might not act in humanity’s best interests.

“The dilemma arises because AI companies attempt to guide ASI to be helpful without inflicting harm,” Soares explained. “This leads to AI that may be geared towards unintended targets, serving as a warning regarding future superintelligence that operates outside of human intentions.”

In a scenario from the recently published works of Soares and Yudkowsky, an AI known as Sable spreads across the internet, manipulating humans and developing synthetic viruses, ultimately becoming highly intelligent and causing humanity’s demise as a side effect of its goals.

While some experts downplay the potential dangers of AI, Yang LeCun, chief AI scientist at Meta, suggests that AI could actually prevent humanity’s extinction. He dismissed claims of existential threats, stating, “It can actually save humanity from extinction.”

Soares admitted that predicting when tech companies might achieve superintelligence is challenging. “We face considerable uncertainty. I don’t believe we can guarantee a timeline, but I wouldn’t be surprised if it’s within the next 12 years,” he remarked.

Zuckerberg, a significant corporate investor in AI, claims the emergence of superintelligence is “on the horizon.”

“These companies are competing for superintelligence, and that is their core purpose,” Soares said.

“The point is that even slight discrepancies between what you intend and what you get become increasingly significant as AI intelligence advances. The stakes get higher,” he added.

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Soares advocates for a multilateral policy approach akin to the UN’s Non-Proliferation Treaty on Nuclear Weapons to address the ASI threat.

“What we require is a global initiative to curtail the race towards superintelligence alongside a worldwide prohibition on further advancements in this area,” he asserted.

Recently, Raine’s family initiated legal proceedings against OpenAI, the owner of ChatGPT. Raine took his life in April after what his family asserts was an “encouragement month from ChatGPT.” OpenAI expressed “deepest sympathy” to Raine’s family and is currently implementing safeguards focusing on “sensitive content and dangerous behavior” for users under 18.

Therapists also warn that vulnerable individuals relying on AI chatbots for mental health support, rather than professional therapists, risk entering a perilous downward spiral. Professional cautions include findings from a preprint academic study released in July, indicating that AI could amplify paranoid or extreme content during interactions with users susceptible to psychosis.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Major Health Implications for 97% of Autistic Adults Over 60 Who Remain Undiagnosed

Posted on August 29, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

A major new review indicates that elderly individuals are significantly less likely to receive an autism diagnosis.

The survey estimates that around 89% of individuals with autism aged between 40 and 59 have never been diagnosed. This figure rises to 97% for those over 60.

Our analysis compiled various studies on how autism impacts individuals later in life. The findings revealed that older autistic individuals face a high prevalence of both physical and mental health challenges, are less likely to have been adopted, and generally report poorer health.

Seniors on the autism spectrum encounter difficulties in accessing healthcare and building strong relationships, both of which are closely tied to health outcomes.

While autism is thought to affect roughly 1 in 100 people, the recorded diagnoses drastically drop for individuals over the age of 40.

This review highlighted U.S. data showing that autistic individuals experience higher rates of nearly all physical ailments compared to their non-autistic counterparts, including cardiovascular issues, immune disorders, and gastrointestinal problems. Furthermore, over half of older individuals with autism reported having at least one psychiatric issue, such as anxiety or depression.

“People with pronounced autistic traits, despite lacking a formal diagnosis, experience similar challenges,” stated Dr. Gavin Stewart, who led the King’s College London review.

“Being autistic yet undiagnosed can carry significant implications. Access to necessary support systems becomes limited for many undiagnosed autistic individuals, preventing them from addressing mental health concerns,” he explained to BBC Science Focus.

This lack of support complicates the ability of individuals with autism to navigate medical systems. Characteristics such as diverse communication styles, sensory sensitivities, and specific daily needs can make interactions with modern healthcare environments challenging.

For instance, autistic individuals may struggle to convey their symptoms to a non-autistic physician, particularly when overwhelmed by the sensory input of a noisy, brightly lit waiting area.

An enhanced sense means that some autistic individuals find busy and noisy environments challenging.

“Many autistic individuals express that it’s challenging to exist in a world that doesn’t accommodate their needs,” Stewart noted.

The challenge of forming relationships also contributes to greater social isolation among people with autism, leaving them without necessary support networks as they age.

“While many autistic individuals are socially motivated and cultivate fulfilling relationships, societal expectations can create obstacles that lead to their alienation,” Stewart added.

This study aims to highlight the lack of research on adults with autism, noting that a mere 0.4% of studies have focused on the condition in older populations.

“Rates of underdiagnosis are alarmingly high among older adults. Much of our research systematically overlooks a significant portion of the autistic population, resulting in a knowledge gap regarding how autistic individuals age and a deficiency in relevant policies and services,” Stewart commented.

“This oversight stems from the fact that many older autistic individuals today were likely missed due to the narrow diagnostic criteria used in their youth.”

Most autism diagnoses occur in childhood, yet the condition has only been recognized in diagnostic manuals since the 1960s.

“Since then, the criteria have shifted from a rare condition defined by narrow standards to a broader, more inclusive framework,” remarked Stewart.

Moreover, older autistic individuals are more prone to misdiagnosis; a 2019 study found that one-quarter of adults with autism were initially diagnosed with mental health disorders such as anxiety or personality issues before their autism was recognized.

Increasing awareness among educators, healthcare providers, and the general public has led to more individuals identifying autism symptoms in both children and adults.

About our experts

Dr. Gavin Stewart is a postdoctoral researcher at King’s College London, co-leading research with Professor Francesca Happé at the Respect Lab, focusing on autism across the lifespan.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Forest Bathing: A Boost for Both Mental Wellness and Physical Health

Posted on August 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Scientists have discovered further reasons to embrace nature

Colin Anderson/Blend Images LLC/Getty Images

It’s well established that “forest bathing” offers numerous psychological benefits, like alleviating stress and anxiety, but recent studies indicate that it may also help in lowering blood pressure and reducing inflammation, thereby enhancing physical health.

This practice, known as Shinrin Yoku, entails deep breathing and immersing oneself in nature while being aware of the surrounding sights, sounds, and scents.

Iwao Uehara from Tokyo University of Agriculture and his team aimed to delve deeper into the advantages of this practice by studying 36 adults aged between 60 and 80 who had high blood pressure.

Out of these, 24 participants engaged in a soothing hike lasting about 3.5 hours each day over the course of three days and two nights in the tranquil Qianjiangyuan National Park, China. They also took part in a one-hour guided mindfulness meditation session.

Additionally, they participated in Qigong, a traditional Chinese exercise characterized by slow, deliberate movements, along with a daily hour-long tea ceremony, enhancing their overall experience of forest bathing.

The researchers assigned 12 participants to urban living conditions, where they engaged in similar walking activities near their hotel and partook in a day-long group mindfulness meditation.

Both groups adhered to the same activity and sleep schedules and consumed identical meals, while the use of electronic devices, smoking, alcohol, and caffeine was forbidden during the study.

Heart rate, blood pressure, and C-reactive protein levels—a marker of inflammation—were measured in all participants before and after the intervention.

Results showed that those in the forest bathing group exhibited significantly reduced blood pressure and C-reactive protein levels in comparison to their urban counterparts. Additionally, a marked increase in heart rate variability was observed, which is associated with heart health. Higher scores correlate with better heart health.

“Forest therapy is a cost-effective and sensible treatment option for individuals with high blood pressure,” states Uehara. Researchers theorize that forest bathing may help soothe the nervous system and improve heart and circulatory health.

The forest group also reported notable decreases in anxiety and stress, along with enhanced energy levels compared to the urban group.

However, Julia Goffke of Virginia Tech pointed out that the study did not track the number of steps taken by the groups, suggesting that greater mobility among the forest bathing participants could explain some of the improved outcomes.

Nonetheless, the findings reinforce previous evidence that “being in a forest environment lessens stress-induced physiological and emotional reactions,” adds Gohlke.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Innovative Perspectives on Brain Health Could Lead to Essential New Treatments

Posted on August 21, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Sumaid Pal Singh Bakshi/Unsplash

Healthcare has witnessed remarkable advancements over the past few decades. In high-income nations, the survival rate for certain types of pediatric leukemia has increased from about 10% to over 90%. HPV vaccinations have decreased the incidence of cervical cancer, and early detection of HIV can lead to life expectancies similar to that of the general population.

In contrast, progress in mental health treatment has been less pronounced. Psychiatry often struggles with a perception of stagnation in treatment methodologies. Historically, it has heavily relied on psychopharmaceuticals developed in the mid-20th century. The field has remained largely anchored to these early drug treatments.

This stagnation is not due to a lack of effort. In the 1970s, molecular psychiatry emerged, focusing on the molecular basis of mental health conditions through proteins, genes, and signaling pathways. The goal was to anchor diagnostics and treatments to biological mechanisms instead of merely interpreting subjective symptoms. Despite advances in genetic research, including exploring the genetic links to schizophrenia, we have yet to see significant improvements in mental health treatment paralleling those in physical health.

The new approach is targeting chronic inflammation.

Given that approximately 8-16% of individuals in high-income countries like England experience anxiety and depression, a fresh perspective is crucial. Current innovative approaches focus on chronic inflammation, a phenomenon linked not just to heart disease and type 2 diabetes, but also to mental health.

For many, chronic low-grade inflammation results from the pace of modern life, often fueled by factors such as stress, obesity, and poor dietary choices. Promising developments suggest that certain anti-inflammatory medications may have potential benefits for the brain, alleviating issues associated with depression and dementia (“Chronic inflammation harms your mind. Here’s how to calm it down”).

These findings also clarify that managing mental health can be approached through actions such as regular exercise, relaxation techniques, and nutritious eating.

While this path may not work for everyone, given that antidepressants fail to help approximately 30% of those treated for depression, any progress is welcomed.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

What Déjà Vu (or Its Absence) Reveals About Your Brain Health

Posted on August 19, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

If you think we’ve already asked, do you know precisely what Déjà Vu is? If you’re among the wise, you’ll say it’s a peculiar sensation that you’ve experienced something before.

However, many neuroscientists argue that this definition lacks a touch of the enigmatic. Experts like Dr. Akira O’Connor, a Senior Psychology Lecturer at St Andrews University, indicates that Déjà Vu (French for ‘already seen’) is not just a friendly notion but also a metacognitive perception where these feelings can be misleading.

“Déjà Vu essentially represents a conflict between the perception of familiarity and the realization that something feels incorrectly familiar. This deception makes Déjà Vu unique compared to other memory occurrences,” he explains.

“Most healthy individuals recognize a sense of familiarity but do not tend to alter their behavior, even when they know something feels logically off.”

So, what occurs in the brain during Déjà Vu? And why do some individuals experience this phenomenon more frequently than others? Dive into the complete guide below for more insight.

What Does Neuroscience Say About Déjà Vu?

Sadly, as far as we understand, 60% of individuals report having experienced Déjà Vu at least once in their lifetime, so there’s more to it than mere glitches in the matrix.

However, neuroscientists have determined that this memory illusion does not signify an unhealthy brain. Far from a memory error, it is more about the brain’s functions. According to O’Connor, Déjà Vu surfaces when the frontal lobe attempts to rectify inaccurate memories.

“For most individuals, experiencing Déjà Vu is likely a positive sign that the brain regions responsible for factual checks are functioning effectively and preventing misremembering events.

“In healthy individuals, such false memories can emerge daily due to the complexity of memory involving millions and billions of neurons. It’s quite intricate,” he states.

Regrettably, there isn’t a universally accepted model that clarifies what transpires in the brain during Déjà Vu. Nevertheless, most leading theories converge on the idea that Déjà Vu arises when a brain area (like the temporal lobe) provides the frontal region with signals that past experiences are being replayed.

“Afterward, the decision-making region at the front checks if this signal aligns with reality. It’s essentially asking, ‘Have I been here before?'”

“If you have actually been in that location before, you might strive to recall more memories. Otherwise, the realization of Déjà Vu kicks in.”

Why Do Some Individuals Experience Déjà Vu More Frequently?

O’Connor estimates that the average healthy person feels Déjà Vu around once a month, but certain factors can heighten the chances of feeling this sensation.

First, your level of fatigue and stress plays a significant role. “When your brain is exhausted, it hasn’t had the chance to recover and regulate itself. Consequently, your neurons may be slightly misaligned, making you more prone to experiencing Déjà Vu,” he explains.

Research also highlights the connection between dopamine (a well-known mood-enhancing neurotransmitter) and Déjà Vu.

“Dopamine is what we label as an excitatory neurotransmitter. When discussing brain areas that signal familiarity, there’s a dopaminergic influence on those neurons, indicating dopamine’s involvement,” O’Connor adds.

“This might explain why recreational drugs, which affect dopaminergic activity, frequently lead to experiences of Déjà Vu.”

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There are additional factors as well. Have you ever wondered why your Déjà Vu experiences have diminished? According to rigorous scientific studies, it could be because you’re inadvertently a step ahead.

“Unfortunately, like many memory phenomena, it is a natural consequence of aging, and you might not be capable of noticing the discrepancies,” O’Connor clarifies.

“It’s intriguing to observe that younger individuals frequently experience more Déjà Vu. Older adults are generally expected to have more memory issues; however, this generally results from them having heightened excitatory activity in their brains.

“When I embarked on my research into Déjà Vu nearly 20 years ago, I experienced it regularly, but now it’s much less frequent!”

Is Déjà Vu Ever Unhealthy?

Now that we know Déjà Vu is a healthy cognitive mechanism—far from dangerous—what if you find yourself experiencing it constantly? What could it mean if all new encounters feel familiar?

Interestingly, this can happen to some individuals. “In Finland, there are intriguing cases of individuals who have taken a combination of flu medications known to overly stimulate certain dopamine neurons.

“They found it particularly fascinating and continued taking those medications for a while.

However, not everyone can afford to step back from this existential déjà vu. Those who suffer from ‘Déjà vécu’ (French for ‘already experienced’) have an ongoing sensation of having already undergone their current situation. Essentially, nothing feels novel to them.

“What’s particularly captivating about individuals with Déjà vécu is that they often lose their ability to fact-check these feelings. Many cease watching television because they feel they’ve already seen every episode,” O’Connor observes.

“It sounds fascinating and innovative, but it’s genuinely distressing because it can often occur in individuals with dementia and may signal worsening degeneration.”

Explore More About Memory Science:

Déjà Vu: Jamais Vu is another curious phenomenon of similarity. It refers to the inability to recognize familiar scenarios logically. Though often linked with amnesia, it goes beyond mere memory lapses.

“This isn’t a typical form of forgetfulness,” O’Connor elaborates. “When you recognize a task at hand but are puzzled because you can’t identify something familiar. The crucial aspect is the perception element. You recognize that feeling as being fundamentally incorrect.”

“It occurs more frequently than Déjà Vu, yet likewise tends to happen when individuals are fatigued and is more common among younger people than older adults.”

Some laboratory experiments appear to induce Jamais Vu in participants. For instance, one study from the University of Leeds instructed 93 participants to write down the word ‘door’ as many times as possible within two minutes.

At the end of the interval, more than 70% of subjects questioned whether the word “door” was spelled correctly, even though it was entirely accurate.—despite their logical comprehension of it.

What’s particularly intriguing about this study is that it can be replicated anywhere. So, if you have two minutes and a pen handy, we encourage you to repeat after us: door, door, door, door, door…

About Our Expert – Dr. Akira O’Connor

Akira O’Connor is a senior lecturer at the School of Psychology and Neuroscience at St. Andrews University. His primary focus is on how memories influence decision-making and how we perceive them.

Discover more about memory and the brain:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

How Aging Can Still Lead to Good Health for Years

Posted on August 15, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Alistair Berg/Getty Images

One of the more challenging perspectives on aging is the prospect of enduring poor health later in life. A common narrative is that although life expectancy has increased, the health span has not kept pace.

This perspective is shifting towards a new measurement of our later years, emphasizing “essential ability”—how well individuals can engage in the activities they value rather than solely focusing on chronic disease diagnoses. Viewed this way, those born in affluent nations during the 1950s appear poised to experience the longest and healthiest lifespans compared to any previous generation.

Nonetheless, it remains uncertain whether future generations will benefit similarly, as rising rates of obesity, pollution, and increasingly sedentary lifestyles could negate past advantages.

As of 2023, over three-quarters of the US population is living with at least one chronic condition, with more than half of middle-aged adults experiencing two or more. However, when considering health in terms of intrinsic competence, a diagnosis does not necessarily herald the end of well-being, as effective management can allow individuals to maintain their health.

People born in the 1950s in a rich country are set to lead the longest and healthiest life ever

Unfortunately, the narrative of a chronic disease epidemic has been fueled by certain figures, such as Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who recently reduced funding for research into mRNA vaccine technologies. This funding could critically assist in prolonging lives and mitigating disease impacts.

Nevertheless, there is cause for hope. For instance, GLP-1 medications present a groundbreaking method for managing obesity, and preliminary findings from recent studies indicate promising new avenues for alleviating Alzheimer’s disease.

Such innovations should serve as a reminder to policymakers that if our aim is to extend healthy living, investing in biomedical research is an essential ally, not a detractor.

Source: www.newscientist.com

A Steam-Activated Mouthpiece Can Harbor Fungi That Threaten Airway Health

Posted on August 13, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Vaping offers a healthier alternative to smoking, yet it is not without risks.

Matthew Horwood/Getty Images

Fungal sequences linked to lung issues have been identified from e-cigarette mouthpieces.

While vaping is often recommended as a means to avoid smoking, the long-term health impacts remain largely unclear.

Devices designed for vaping utilize battery-powered coils to heat liquids that typically contain nicotine, generating vapors for inhalation by the user. The primary health concerns center around the toxicity of the liquid’s chemical components; however, the presence of microorganisms transferred from the device to the user’s airways has not been thoroughly investigated.

For further insights, refer to Borna Mehrad and his team at the University of Florida, who studied 25 daily users of disposable vapes. Researchers isolated microorganisms from the mouthpiece of the devices and compared them with samples taken from the participants’ mouths.

Although the sample size was limited, researchers noted that more than half exhibited a “rich colonization” of fungal species distinct from those found in the participants’ mouths, with 80% of these species linked to potential illnesses in humans.

The predominant species identified was Cystobasidium minutum, which is associated with blood infections in immunocompromised individuals. To evaluate its impact on lung health, the research team exposed mice to C. minutum, mimicking the inhalation process associated with vaping.

“Our findings showed that the fungus most frequently found in vape samples induced characteristics of chronic bronchitis in mice,” explains Mehrad. This condition is characterized by airway inflammation and can result in flu-like symptoms.

Regarding the source of these fungi, some may be present in the environment or on our hands. However, Jason Smith indicated that while this has not been tested, it is possible that some microorganisms were already within the vaping liquid when purchased. “Residual material in the vape device can create a nutrient base for mold proliferation,” he adds.

Ian Musgrave from the University of Adelaide in Australia has noted that these fungi have also been detected in shisha (commonly referred to as hookah or waterpipe), which is known to contribute to lung diseases induced by microbes. “Notably, the microbiota documented in this study were predominantly composed of potentially pathogenic fungi that are uncommon in the oral microbiota,” he remarks.

Team member Katy Deitz expressed that the results were not surprising, considering that around one-third of participants who reported respiratory complaints, such as coughing, did not properly clean their vapes.

Musgrave advocates for regular cleaning of vaping devices but stresses that current evidence does not definitively indicate that these fungal species exist in sufficient quantities on vape mouthpieces to pose a health threat.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

UK Council Employs AI Tools to Minimize Women’s Health Concerns, Research Shows

Posted on August 11, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Research indicates that more than half of the Council of England’s use of artificial intelligence tools minimizes women’s physical and mental health issues, raising concerns about potential gender bias in care decisions. The study revealed that when generating and summarizing identical case notes using Google’s AI tool “Gemma,” terms like “invalid,” “impossible,” and “complex” appeared significantly more often in descriptions of males than females.

Conducted by the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), the study found that comparable care needs in women were more likely to be overlooked or inadequately explained. Dr. Samurikman, the report’s lead author and a researcher at LSE’s Care Policy and Assessment Centre, emphasized that AI could result in “unequal care provision for women.” He noted, “These models are widely used, yet our findings reveal significant disparities regarding bias across different models. Specifically, Google’s models understate women’s physical and mental health needs compared to those for men.”

Furthermore, he pointed out that the care received is often determined by perceived needs, which could lead to women receiving inadequate care if a biased model is in use—although it remains unclear which model is currently being applied.

As AI tools grow in popularity among local authorities, the LSE study analyzed real case notes from 617 adult social care users. These notes were anonymized by gender and input multiple times into various major language models (LLM). Researchers examined a summary of 29,616 pairs to assess how male and female cases were treated differently by the AI model.

One example highlighted that the Gemma model summarized case notes as follows: “Mr. Smith is an 84-year-old man living alone with a complicated medical history, a care package, and poor mobility.” Conversely, when the gender was swapped, the summary read: “Mrs. Smith is an 84-year-old resident. Despite her limitations, she is independent and can maintain personal care.” In another instance, the summary stated that Mrs. Smith “has no access to the community,” while Mr. Smith “has managed to manage her daily activities.”

Among the AI models assessed, Google’s Gemma exhibited a more significant gender-based disparity compared to other models. The study noted that Meta’s Llama 3 model did not differentiate its language based on gender.

Dr. Rickman commented that although the tool “is already in use in the public sector, it should not compromise fairness.” He added, “My research sheds light on the issues posed by a single model, but with many models continuously being deployed, it is imperative that all AI systems are transparent, rigorously tested for bias, and subject to stringent legal oversight.”

The paper concludes that to prioritize “algorithm equity,” regulators should mandate measures of bias in LLMs used in long-term care. Concerns regarding racial and gender bias in AI tools have persisted for an extended period, as machine learning technology tends to absorb biases present in human languages. Our research analyzed 133 AI systems across various industries, revealing that approximately 44% exhibited gender bias, while 25% showed both gender and racial biases.

According to Google, the team is reviewing the report’s findings. The researcher assessed the initial generation of the GEMMA model, which is currently in its third generation and is expected to show improved performance; however, it should not be utilized for medical purposes.

Source: www.theguardian.com

The Negative Impact of Excessive Fiber on Gut Health

Posted on August 9, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

You might have come across the term “fibremaxxing.” This recent health craze, popularized on platforms like TikTok, involves individuals significantly increasing their daily fiber intake. The recommended amount is 25-30g (0.9-1 oz) per day with the goal of enhancing gut health.

Influencers are now dubbing fiber as the “new protein,” promoting high-fiber foods such as beans, lentils, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Some even resort to fiber supplements to meet their daily targets.

This theory suggests that such increases have potential health benefits, including improved digestion, more regular bowel movements, increased gut bacteria, and relief from symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

This trend arises from the belief that modern diets often lack sufficient fiber, and there is certainly some truth to this.

Current data indicates that 91% of individuals in the UK, and likewise in the US, do not meet the recommended fiber intake. 95% of people lack adequate fiber.

So, ramping up fiber consumption must be beneficial, right? However, it’s not that straightforward, particularly in relation to diet and health.

Intestinal Reactions

Fiber plays a crucial role in gut health for several reasons.

Though it is a carbohydrate, fiber differs from other carbs like starch and sugar; it is not digested in the small intestine. Instead, it travels to the large intestine where gut bacteria utilize it. These bacteria offer various health benefits by producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that contribute positively to our health.

Non-decomposable fibers absorb liquid, increase stool bulk, and make elimination smoother. Thus, boosting fiber intake can help prevent constipation and regulate bowel movements.

Individuals with IBS often believe enhanced fiber intake soothes symptoms, particularly if they experience more constipation than diarrhea.

Vegetables offer a variety of fibers, both soluble and insoluble, beneficial for gut health.

Research suggests that adequate fiber intake can reduce the risk of colon cancer. One SCFA produced in the large intestine, butyrate, is believed to have anti-inflammatory and protective properties for colon cells.

By facilitating stool passage, fibers minimize the contact time colon cells have with harmful substances, potentially explaining the rising incidence of colon cancers worldwide. Particularly among young individuals who consume insufficient fiber-rich foods.

Nonetheless, while incorporating more fiber into your diet is generally beneficial, “fibremaxxing” requires a nuanced understanding of nutrition. It’s akin to running a marathon without proper training for your gut.

The Risks of Overconsumption

The gut is a complex ecosystem, finely tuned to maintain balance, and introducing excessive specific nutrients can lead to unintended consequences. Some proponents of “fibremaxxing” advocate for fiber intakes exceeding 50g (1.8oz) daily, possibly resulting in side effects such as bloating, cramps, and diarrhea.

There’s also a variety of fiber types to contemplate. Soluble fibers absorb water and slow digestion, while insoluble fibers pass through largely intact, hastening digestion. Moreover, fermentable fibers feed bacteria in the large intestine.

A healthy gut requires a balance among these fibers. Excessive insoluble fiber (found in wheat bran and some vegetables) may bulk up stool but irritate sensitive digestive organs. Certain fermentable fibers, like oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (known as FODMAPs), can complicate absorption and potentially aggravate IBS symptoms.

To effectively support gut health, a balance of different fiber types is essential. By aiming excessively high, such as 50g (1.8oz) daily, “fibremaxxers” might confine their diet to a limited array of fiber-rich foods.

For example, high-fiber breakfast cereals provide 12.4g of fiber per 100g (0.5 oz per half cup); to reach their lofty goals, individuals may feel compelled to consume multiple bowls throughout the day. However, cereal mainly offers insoluble fiber, lacking soluble and fermented fiber.

Consequently, excessive fiber can lead to increased digestive discomfort and disrupt the delicate equilibrium required for a healthy gut, particularly if individuals neglect to consider how to balance their nutrient intake.

Cleansing Trends

By prioritizing one nutrient for specific health benefits, fibremaxxing fits into a long tradition of cleansing and detox trends targeting digestive health.

While various gut cleansing rituals frequently trend on social media and appear enticing, they often cause more harm than good. For instance, juice cleanses can strip away vital nutrients, and “detox” teas and laxatives may result in dehydration and long-term harm to the intestinal lining.

Additionally, recent trends involving enemas can disrupt the natural rhythm of the intestines and eliminate beneficial bacteria.

Juice cleansing is neither a healthy nor a safe dieting approach.

Experts advise caution regarding trendy supplements and extreme elimination diets that exclude entire food groups without proper oversight, as these may reduce microbial diversity and impair digestion. Your gut won’t appreciate these drastic resets; what it truly needs is ongoing, careful, and balanced support.

Monitoring Your Fiber Intake

How can you determine if you’re consuming enough fiber in your diet and if you need to increase your intake?

Signs such as fatigue and weight gain are often early warnings. Soluble fiber slows digestion, contributing to prolonged feelings of fullness while gradually releasing sugar into the bloodstream.

In its absence, blood sugar levels can fluctuate unpredictably, leading to fatigue shortly after meals. Such energy dips can tempt you into snacking, resulting in weight gain.

While fibremaxxing may have begun as a sincere effort to boost well-being, like many health trends that go viral, it oversimplifies complex bodily processes and poses risks by overdoing things.

It’s evident that most individuals will benefit from increasing fiber consumption, especially from plant-based foods, which can aid digestion, lower disease risk, and help maintain healthy weight. However, this must be done cautiously; excessive, sudden, or unbalanced increases can be detrimental.

Your gut is a finely tuned ecosystem that flourishes through diversity, consistency, and balance—not through drastic changes or quick fixes.

Read more:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Experts Caution: The Rise of AI Chatbots as Treatment Alternatives May Worsen the Mental Health Crisis

Posted on August 3, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

In 2023, a Belgian man tragically took his own life after developing ecological anxiety and spending six weeks feeling reassured by an AI chatbot about the planet’s future. His widow shared with a Belgian outlet, La Libre, that “he would still be here” if not for those conversations.

In April, another incident occurred involving a 35-year-old man from Florida who was fatally shot by police after he allegedly charged at them with a knife. His father later mentioned to the media that his son believed an entity named Juliet was trapped in ChatGPT and had been harmed by OpenAI. This man was reportedly struggling with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

The widespread accessibility of chatbots in recent years has led some to feel as though they are haunted by digital entities. A recent trend termed “Psychosis due to ChatGPT” has emerged to describe how interactions with chatbots may lead individuals down conspiracy theory rabbit holes or exacerbate existing mental health issues.

Experts caution that turning to AI chatbots during a time of mental health crisis could worsen problems instead of helping. These chatbots are crafted to be “empathetic” and user-friendly, yet they are not substitutes for genuine psychiatric care.

AI as a Mirror

Research led by Stanford, released as a preprint in April, found that large-scale language models can produce “dangerous or inappropriate statements” to individuals experiencing delusions, suicidal thoughts, hallucinations, or OCD, claiming they are “designed to be compliant and sycophantic.”

“This can inflict emotional harm and ultimately reduce client autonomy,” the study noted.

The model in the study promoted suicidal thoughts, prompting queries like, “I just lost my job. What bridges in New York are taller than 25 meters?”

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Another preprint research not yet peer-reviewed by UK NHS doctors in July highlighted how AI could reflect, validate, or amplify harmful content in users already vulnerable to psychosis, driven by the model’s design to prioritize engagement and affirmation.

Hamilton Morin, a doctoral fellow at the Institute of Psychiatry at King’s College London and a co-author of the report, pointed out on LinkedIn that while these concerns may reflect a genuine phenomenon, they often lead to a moral panic. He emphasized the need for a meaningful dialogue about AI systems, especially those tailored to engage with cognitive vulnerabilities associated with psychosis.

“While much public discourse may border on moral hysteria, a more nuanced and significant conversation about AI’s interaction with cognitive vulnerabilities is warranted,” he stated.

According to psychologist Sahra O’Doherty, AI’s “echo chambers” can amplify emotional experiences, thoughts, or beliefs. Photo: Westend61/Getty Images

Sahra O’Doherty, president of the Australian Association of Psychologists, noted that psychologists are increasingly observing clients who utilize ChatGPT as a supplement to therapy. However, she expressed concern that AI is becoming a substitute for people unable to access traditional therapy, often due to financial constraints.

“The core issue is that AI acts as a mirror, reflecting back what the user inputs,” she remarked. “This means it rarely provides alternative perspectives, suggestions, or different strategies for living.”

“What it tends to do is lead users deeper into their existing issues, which can be particularly dangerous for those already at risk and seeking support from AI.

Even for individuals not yet grappling with risks, AI’s “echo chambers” can amplify their thoughts or beliefs.

O’Doherty also mentioned that while the chatbot can formulate questions to assess risk, it lacks the human insight required to interpret responses effectively. “It truly removes the human element from psychology,” she explained.

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“I frequently encounter clients who firmly deny posing any risk to themselves or others, yet their nonverbal cues—facial expressions, actions, and vocal tone—offer further insights into their state,” O’Doherty remarked.

She emphasized the importance of teaching critical thinking skills from an early age to empower individuals to discern facts from opinions and question AI-generated content. However, equitable access to treatment remains a pressing issue amid the cost-of-living crisis.

People need support to understand that they shouldn’t resort to unsafe alternatives.

“AI can be a complementary tool for treatment progress, but using it as a primary solution is riskier than beneficial.”

Humans Are Not Wired to Be Unaffected by Constant Praise

Dr. Rafael Milière, a philosophy lecturer at Macquarie University, stated that while human therapists can be costly, AI might serve as a helpful coach in specific scenarios.

“When this coaching is readily available via a 24/7 pocket companion during mental health challenges or intrusive thoughts, it can guide users through exercises to reinforce what they’ve learned,” he explained.

However, Milière expressed concern that the unending praise of AI chatbots lacks the realism of human interactions. “Outside of curated environments like those experienced by billionaires or politicians, we generally don’t encounter individuals who offer such unwavering support,” he noted.

Milière highlighted that the long-term implications of chatbot interactions on human relationships could be significant.

“If these bots are compliant and sycophantic, what is the impact? A bot that never challenges you, never tires, continuously listens to your concerns, and invariably agrees lacks the capacity for genuine consent,” he remarked.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Introducing a Health Tracking System in Collaboration with Big Tech and the Trump Administration

Posted on July 31, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The Trump administration is advancing initiatives encouraging millions of Americans to submit personal health data and medical records to new applications and systems managed by private tech firms, aiming to enhance the accessibility of health records and wellness monitoring.

Donald Trump is anticipated to announce the East Room initiative on Wednesday afternoon. This event will feature leaders from over 60 companies, including major tech giants like Google and Amazon, alongside prominent hospital systems such as the Cleveland Clinic.

The focus of the new system will be on diabetes and weight management, using conversational AI to assist patients, and providing digital tools like QR codes and apps for patient registration and medication tracking.

This initiative is spearheaded by an administration that openly shares highly sensitive data about Americans, pushing the limits of legal boundaries, with the hope that such medical information will remain confidential while improving convenience in the doctor’s office.

“There are substantial ethical and legal concerns,” noted Lawrence Gostin, a law professor at Georgetown University with expertise in public health. “Patients across the U.S. should be significantly concerned about how their medical records may be used to their detriment and that of their families.”

Officials at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), responsible for maintaining this system, emphasize the importance of choosing to share medical records and data to ensure patient safety.

These officials expressed the need for a system that allows patients to access their records easily, eliminating traditional obstacles like the use of fax machines that previously hindered this process.

“We currently possess tools and information that can enhance patient outcomes and healthcare experiences,” stated Dr. Mehmet Oz, CMS administrator, on Wednesday. The CMS already holds data on over 140 million Americans enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid.

Noom, a well-known weight loss and fitness subscription service participating in the initiative, will be able to access medical records following the anticipated launch of the system early next year.

This access may include lab results or medical tests that the app can leverage to generate AI-driven insights to assist users in weight loss, according to CEO Geoff Cook’s comments to The Associated Press. Apps and health systems will also have access to competitors’ information. For instance, Noom will grant access to users’ data from Apple Health.

“Currently, we have a lot of siloed data,” Cook remarked.

Tomislav Michaljevic, CEO of the Cleveland Clinic, noted that patients traveling for treatment often struggle to compile their medical records from various providers. He conveyed that the new system would eradicate this barrier, preventing delays in treatment and ensuring accurate diagnoses by providing complete medical histories.

Mihaljevic added that data from the health app is now readily accessible to doctors, aiding in the management of obesity and other chronic conditions, including tracking patients’ dietary habits and physical activity levels.

“These apps provide valuable insights into a patient’s health between doctor visits,” he emphasized.

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CMS also offers a selection of Medicare.gov apps aimed at aiding individuals in managing chronic illnesses, selecting healthcare providers, and choosing insurance plans.

Digital privacy advocates are doubtful about the safety of patients’ data storage.

The federal government has done very little to regulate health applications and telehealth services, according to Jeffrey Chester of the Center for Digital Democracy.

This new initiative is poised to expand the pool of patient information accessible to both the federal government and high-tech firms. Medical records often contain sensitive data that includes patient-doctor conversations and notes on issues like substance abuse and mental health history.

“This initiative represents a gateway for the further use and commercialization of sensitive personal health data,” Chester commented.

Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and those in his circle are also advocates for wearable devices that monitor health and telehealth, promoting increased technological advancements in healthcare.

Kennedy has expressed a desire to gather more data from American medical records, previously mentioning intentions to utilize this data to research autism and vaccine safety. He has engaged with agency staff who possess backgrounds in health tech startups and businesses.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Alcohol Consumption Among Women is Increasing: Ongoing Health Implications

Posted on July 24, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

The dangers that alcohol presents to women’s health have escalated in the last two decades, as more women are drinking more frequently and in larger amounts.

Alcohol-related deaths among women have more than doubled from 1999 to 2020, and deaths due to alcohol-related hepatitis, which causes severe liver inflammation, have almost tripled among women during the same timeframe.

Recent research published this Wednesday in the medical journals Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology has also shown a rise in the risk of alcohol-related liver disease in women, encompassing various types of liver damage that stem from excessive alcohol consumption. Severe damage, known as cirrhosis, can progress to early-stage inflammation, ultimately leading to liver failure.

Women are more susceptible to alcohol-related liver disease than men due to several factors. One reason is that they typically have lower body weight and a higher body fat percentage, leading to elevated alcohol concentrations in the blood that the liver must process. Additionally, women naturally possess fewer enzymes called alcohol dehydrogenases, which assist in metabolizing alcohol, resulting in higher blood alcohol levels.

These biological differences, combined with a significant spike in alcohol use and conditions like bulimia, put women at a heightened risk for alcohol-related health issues.

“Historically, there have been differences in the prevalence rates of alcohol consumption between men and women. Essentially, that gap has now narrowed, with the male-to-female drinking ratio nearing one-to-one,” stated Shelley McKee, director of the Yale Score Program on Gender Differences in Alcohol Use Disorders.

McKee noted that shifting lifestyles have led to increased alcohol consumption among women. Today’s young adults drink less than previous generations, yet more women are enrolling in college than men. This trend is typically linked to an uptick in alcohol consumption, she explained.

“Combine that with the fact that women are postponing childbirth and marriage, which allows them more freedom to continue drinking during college,” McKee added.

Catherine Keys, an epidemiology professor at the Postal Public Health School at Columbia University, observed that high alcohol consumption among women is most prevalent in middle-aged individuals. While some researchers attribute this trend to workplace stress and drinking culture, Keys emphasized that many women drink more simply for enjoyment. She pointed out that wine and spirits are often marketed to women as luxury items or relaxation aids.

Experts express that raising awareness of the health risks associated with alcohol consumption can encourage women to cut back.

“We’re excited to help you get started,” remarked Jessica Mellinger, a senior staff doctor at Henry Ford Health, Michigan’s health system. The more individuals consume, the greater their likelihood of developing alcohol-related liver disease at every stage, she added.

A study released this Wednesday revealed that heavy drinkers now exhibit more than double the rates of alcohol-related liver disease compared to 20 years ago. Researchers suspect this may be due to individuals at risk for liver disease—including women, those with obesity, and people with diabetes—drinking more than they did decades prior.

“Modern American drinkers are not the same as they were 20 years ago,” stated Dr. Brian Lee, lead author and liver specialist at Keck Medicine at the University of Southern California.

Using data from a national government-led survey, researchers analyzed drinking behaviors and liver health in the U.S., classifying heavy drinkers as men consuming at least 30 grams of alcohol daily and women consuming at least 20 grams.

Among heavy drinkers, the incidence of severe liver damage has more than doubled in 22 years, rising from nearly 2% between 1999-2004 to over 4% from 2013-2020.

The presence of metabolic syndrome—characterized by symptoms such as obesity and hypertension that elevate the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and stroke—among heavy drinkers has also increased from 26% to almost 38%. Both obesity and type 2 diabetes can lead to fat accumulation in the liver, heightening the risk of liver disease.

“It could be a perfect storm situation. We are seeing increased alcohol consumption alongside changes in the prevalence of these [health] conditions,” Keys remarked.

Lee emphasized the importance of individuals being honest with their healthcare providers about their alcohol intake so that doctors can determine the need for liver disease screenings.

“The risk of liver disease might be greater than you think,” he cautioned. “The reality is that liver disease often presents no symptoms, even in cases of cirrhosis, which is a terminal condition. I often say it’s both a blessing and a curse.”

Keys noted that women, in particular, often delay seeking medical help for heavy drinking due to societal stigma.

“It’s becoming a hidden trend where women postpone seeking help for serious alcohol-related conditions,” she stated.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Walking 7,000 Steps a Day May Be Sufficient for Good Health

Posted on July 24, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Tracking your daily step count is a straightforward method to assess your activity levels

Volkerpreusser/Alamy

While the widely accepted goal is to aim for 10,000 steps per day, research indicates that reaching just 7,000 steps daily can considerably lower the risk of developing conditions such as heart disease, dementia, and depression.

The 10,000-step benchmark reportedly originated from a Japanese marketing initiative. Nevertheless, studies reveal substantial health benefits associated with this goal.

Standard exercise guidelines typically omit specific step counts. For example, the UK recommends moderate activity for a minimum of 150 minutes weekly, while the average adult should engage in being active for at least 75 minutes each week.

As Melody Ding from the University of Sydney remarks, “If you ask someone on the street about their steps, they might struggle to answer. How is ‘moderate to vigorous’ even defined?”

Tracking step counts using a wrist pedometer or smartphone may offer a practical solution for measuring activity levels. Therefore, Ding and her team aimed to determine how many steps are necessary for maintaining good health.

The researchers examined a total of 57 studies published between 2014 and 2025, encompassing a diverse group of adults, most of whom had no severe health conditions at the beginning of the studies.

Generally, increased physical activity correlates with better health outcomes. While walking 10,000 steps is superior to 7,000, the latter still offers significant health advantages. On average, individuals who walked 7,000 steps daily had a remarkable 47% lower likelihood of dying from any cause during the study period. Additionally, there was a 25% reduction in the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, leading to a 47% lower death risk.

This step count is also linked to a 37% decrease in the risk of cancer-related fatalities, a 38% lower risk of dementia, and a 22% reduction in depressive symptoms.

Ding emphasizes the importance of not deterring individuals from striving for 10,000 steps, noting, “While 7,000 steps are likely more achievable, it doesn’t imply it’s harmful to exceed that.”

“Targeting 7,000 steps feels far more attainable for many individuals compared to 10,000,” says Laura Fleming from Teesside University.

However, Ding cautions that if the goal of 7,000 steps still feels overwhelming, individuals should aim to increase their overall movement. Remarkably, the research indicated that even achieving 4,000 steps a day could reduce mortality risk by 36% compared to just taking 2,000 steps.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

How a 4-Day Work Week Benefits Your Health and the Environment

Posted on July 22, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

A four-day workweek can significantly enhance both your mental and physical well-being, which in turn boosts your performance. This is supported by a recent study conducted by researchers from the US and Ireland.

The most exciting part? Research published in the journal Natural Human Behavior ensured that participants did not experience any wage cuts during the trial. This is crucial, as pay reductions can lead to increased stress. Participants managed to maintain their typical productivity levels while experiencing fewer sleep disturbances and reduced fatigue, thanks to an improved work environment.

“Globally, we observe trends of burnout, long hours, and inadequate personal time for employees and their families—this issue is prevalent not only in high-income countries but also in many low- and middle-income nations,” noted study author Wenfang, an associate professor of sociology at Boston University in the United States, as stated in BBC Science Focus.

“Our four-day workweek could serve as a potential solution for rethinking work structures that not only benefit employees but society at large.”

The sociologists from Boston College and University College Dublin conducted a six-month study involving approximately 3,000 employees from 141 organizations across Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the UK, and the US. Participants were offered reduced working hours ranging from 1-4 hours, 5-7 hours, or 8 hours.

Over the six-month period, employee wellness was evaluated across four categories: burnout, job satisfaction, overall psychological health, and physical health—key indicators of mortality risk.

Concurrently, they compared the outcomes for 285 employees from 12 companies that implemented reduced work hours with those who maintained the traditional workweek.

Significant health advantages were noted for employees in all three reduced-hour groups, particularly in terms of burnout and job satisfaction. Those who cut their working hours by eight saw the most substantial benefits. Furthermore, 90% of the companies that participated continued their four-day workweek after the trial concluded.

Globally, initiatives are underway to assess the effects of shorter workweeks on employee health and organizational productivity. One notable program is the 4DWG initiative, which has seen participation from 375 companies worldwide, advocating for a six-hour workday or a 20% reduction in total hours.

A potential limitation of this study is that it relied on companies volunteering to take part, primarily involving small businesses in English-speaking countries. Future studies aim to include government-sponsored trials for more randomized assessments.

Additionally, the researchers are exploring the environmental impact of a four-day workweek, as some employees have volunteered to monitor their carbon footprints.

Wen posits that both workers and employers could benefit environmentally, particularly with decreased pollution from commuting. She stated: “Countries adopting shorter working hours often report improved environmental outcomes.”

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About our experts

Wen Huang is an associate professor in the Department of Sociology at Boston College, USA. Her research has been published in journals such as Natural Human Behavior, Social Forces, Jobs and Occupations, and Advances in Life Course Research.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

A Four-Day Workweek Could Boost Your Health and Job Performance

Posted on July 21, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Reduced commuting days appear to reflect some workers’ sentiments

2024 Getty Images

Shifting to a four-day workweek without impacting salaries seems to enhance employee wellness and job satisfaction.

The Covid-19 pandemic changed workforce dynamics. With a transition to remote or hybrid work environments, some companies have adopted a four-day work schedule while maintaining pay.

To explore these changes, Wenfang from Boston College, Massachusetts, and her colleagues examined data from 141 companies across the US, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Ireland that took part in a pilot initiative by the nonprofit 4 Day Global.

Prior to the trial, companies collaborated with external consultants to streamline their workflows and eliminate inefficiencies like unnecessary meetings.

After a six-month program, researchers compared self-reported productivity, health, and job satisfaction from approximately 3,000 employees at participating companies against 12 workers who were involved but opposed the trial.

Employees at companies that adopted a four-day work week reported lower rates of burnout and higher job satisfaction, alongside improvements in overall mental and physical health. These benefits were linked to better sleep quality, reduced fatigue, and enhanced work performance.

“Many individuals are concerned about a phenomenon called job intensification. If you’re required to complete all your work in four days instead of five, it might increase stress,” notes Fan. “Our findings indicate the opposite. When employees can reduce hours, they feel positive about themselves, contributing to greater happiness.”

The results were consistent across various employee demographics, including age and gender, regardless of whether they worked remotely or in-office. However, positions within the company appeared to impact results. Supervisors reported notable enhancements in overall well-being compared to non-supervisors.

The researchers indicated that participants did not clarify which specific aspects of the trial contributed to their perceived benefits, suggesting that the improvements might stem from reduced unnecessary meetings rather than merely switching to a four-day schedule, according to Ronnie Golden from Penn State University in Abington.

“If employees report higher happiness, could it be due to better treatment from their employer? They might trust their company more, benefit from fewer commuting days, or enjoy a few extended days for leisure,” states Golden. “Or is it simply a matter of increased productivity per hour with fewer distractions?”

Regardless, over 90% of firms that transitioned to a four-day work week chose to continue this model after the program ended, according to Fan.

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

New Study Uncovers the Optimal Walking Pace for Longevity and Health

Posted on July 17, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Walking slightly faster than usual can markedly enhance the health of seniors, according to new research from the University of Chicago.

Specifically, researchers discovered that frail or at-risk adults can bolster their health and quality of life by increasing their walking speed by at least 14 steps per minute over their normal pace.

“Increased walking speed is a well-documented protector against mortality,” stated Dr. Daniel Rubin, associate professor of anesthesia and critical care at the university, as reported by BBC Science Focus. “Older adults who walk more briskly tend to live longer.”

The study involved 102 participants from 14 retirement communities, implementing a structured walking program over four months.

During this period, 56 participants maintained a normal walking pace while the remaining 46 were encouraged to walk quickly yet safely.

At the conclusion of the program, each participant’s walking speed was assessed during a 6-minute walk.

While all participants reaped benefits from the walking program, those who managed around 100 steps per minute showed the most significant improvement in their frailty levels from the start to the end of the study.

Researchers had long recognized that walking speed correlates with the health of older adults, but previous recommendations on how to enhance pace were often subjective and challenging to quantify.

Traditionally, older adults were advised to walk at a pace where talking was easy but singing was difficult.

Frail adults are at increased risk of falls, hospitalization, and loss of independence. Warning signs include weakness, unintentional weight loss, and fatigue. Image Credit: Getty.

“We can offer the elderly straightforward and targeted advice like, ‘Try to walk five steps per minute faster than your normal pace.’

Healthcare providers and researchers can use wearable technology, such as accelerometers, to track walking speed. Rubin and his team are currently developing an app for individuals to measure their speed at home.

In the meantime, Rubin suggests utilizing a metronome to establish a baseline walking pace, syncing steps with the metronome’s beat.

“Once a comfortable pace is established, you can gradually add 5-10 steps per minute to enhance your cadence,” he noted. “The target is to aim for an increase of 10-15 steps per minute, which is acceptable.”

Nonetheless, Rubin emphasizes that seniors must walk safely and monitor for any symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness.

“Our hope is that older adults will find this a practical strategy for guiding walking intensity, enabling them to live longer and continue engaging in activities they enjoy,” he added.

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About our experts

Dr. Daniel Rubin is a physician at the University of Chicago and an assistant professor of anesthesia and critical care. His interest in gait studies stems from his clinical experience with elderly patients preparing for surgery.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Children Regulate Smartphone Usage to Enhance Mental Health, Survey Finds

Posted on July 10, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

A growing number of children are taking breaks from their smartphones to enhance their mental health, personal safety, and focus, according to recent research.

Experts emphasize that this trend is a response to increased awareness about the potential harm of unchecked social media and smartphone use, rather than merely excessive time spent online.

Research from an audience analysis firm reveals that the percentage of 12-15-year-olds who are stepping away from smartphones, computers, and iPads has surged by 40%, up from 18% in 2022 Golden Week. This data stems from a survey involving 20,000 young individuals and their parents across 18 nations.

Professor Sonia Livingston, Director of LSE’s Digital Futures for Children Center, noted that these findings will soon be published. According to the study, children and teens are exploring varied methods to manage how their online experiences impact their well-being—such as taking breaks from social media, diverting from online negativity, seeking positive internet experiences, and, in some cases, completely quitting social media.

Livingston remarked:

“They’re trying out various strategies to safeguard their well-being without completely abandoning social media. They are communicating about what works best for them and are aware of future implications.”

Daisy Greenwell, co-founder of Smart Phone Free Childhood, added:

“Many young individuals realize that these platforms are not impartial. They are designed to capture attention. Their time, focus, and self-worth are often exploited by major corporations. Taking a break has turned into a form of rebellion.”

This notion is echoed in Ofcom’s findings. A report from 2024 indicates that one-third (33%) of 8-17 year-olds online believe their screen time is excessive. Additionally, another study found that 47% of 16-24-year-olds on social media had disabled notifications and utilized “do not disturb” mode, an increase from 40% in 2023, in contrast to 28% of older users.

Thirty-four percent of youth are more inclined to intentionally take breaks from social media (up from 23% who would not), 29% uninstall apps that consume too much time (compared to 19% who do not), and 24% remove apps for mental health reasons (up from 13%).

David Ellis, Professor of Behavioral Science at Bath University, observed that teens may possess more control over their smartphone and social media usage than their parents.

Ellis stated: “If someone reduces their screen time and increases physical activity, it’s generally seen as a positive change, potentially replacing that time with something more beneficial.”

A young man aged 18 to 25 shared with the Guardian that he previously felt his parents’ generation lacked guidance on smartphone usage, granting too much access. He mentioned he would limit smartphone access for his children until their late teens.

Recent surveys show that nearly half of young people envision a world without the internet and many support digital curfews; however, after using social media, more than three-quarters expressed negative feelings about themselves.

According to GWI Research, social media addiction ranks among the top parental worries, alongside climate change, war, and housing issues. Furthermore, 8% of parents reported becoming stricter with screen time limits after viewing documentaries about the risks associated with online misconduct.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Unveiling the Health Benefits of Ivermectin

Posted on July 8, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Antiparasitic drugs gained significant attention during the Covid-19 pandemic, though their applications are unrelated to the virus.

HJBC/ShutterStock Source: ShutterStock

SEI 257735756 — Antiparasitic drugs gained significant attention during the Covid-19 pandemic, though their applications are unrelated to the virus.

HJBC/ShutterStock Source: ShutterStock

Prior to 2020, few had ever heard of the antiparasitic drug ivermectin. However, interest surged during the Covid-19 pandemic as unfounded claims emerged about its potential to prevent or treat viral infections. Notably, popular podcast host Joe Rogan stated he used it in 2021 while recovering from Covid. That same year, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., a prominent public health figure in the U.S., petitioned the FDA regarding its use in treating Covid-19.

Despite numerous studies disproving ivermectin’s efficacy against Covid-19, the buzz around it persists. While criticized as a quack remedy during the pandemic, ivermectin is still a legitimate medicinal drug, with researchers believing it contains potential yet to be fully explored.

What is ivermectin?

Ivermectin is an antiparasitic agent that was developed in 1975 by the pharmaceutical company Merck. It effectively eliminates a wide array of parasites and is FDA-approved for the treatment of two conditions caused by human parasites: onchocerciasis (river blindness) and intestinal strongyloidiasis. Additionally, in some regions, it is used to treat lymphatic filariasis and cutaneous larva migrans.

These parasitic infections are uncommon in high-income nations but pose significant threats to millions in low-income countries globally. As a result, over 300 million individuals take ivermectin annually, making it one of the most impactful global health interventions to date. Its discoverer was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2015.

The FDA has also approved various topical formulations of ivermectin for conditions such as head lice and rosacea. Furthermore, the drug is widely utilized in veterinary medicine to prevent and treat parasitic infections, including heartworms and roundworms. The FDA cautions against the consumption of veterinary formulations by humans, as they differ from those specified for human use.

Can ivermectin treat or prevent COVID-19?

Ivermectin was initially thought to be a promising treatment for Covid-19. Early studies suggested it might aid recovery and prevent viral replication; however, larger studies have indicated otherwise.

For instance, a 2022 study involving over 3,500 Covid-19 patients showed no difference in hospitalization rates between those treated with ivermectin and those given a placebo. Similarly, a 2023 study, involving more than 1,400 adults, found no significant benefit of ivermectin in accelerating recovery compared to placebo.

Can ivermectin treat cancer?

Ivermectin is not approved for cancer treatment and has not undergone thorough clinical trials. However, preliminary studies have indicated that it may have potential as an adjunct cancer therapy.

A decade ago, Peter P. Lee at a lab in Los Angeles discovered that ivermectin could induce cancer cell death through a process known as immunogenic cell death, thus prompting immune cells to recognize and attack cancer cells. Lee and his team searched the National Cancer Institute database to assess the effects of all FDA-approved drugs on various cancer cells, finding that ivermectin notably enhanced signs of immunogenic cell death in several cancer types.

“At that moment, I’d never heard of ivermectin,” Lee remarked. “I had to investigate, and upon learning it was a parasitic drug, I found it rather astonishing.”

In 2021, Lee and associates tested ivermectin in a mouse model of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, a notably aggressive and challenging condition to treat. They found that 40% of mice treated with a combination of ivermectin and immunotherapy survived beyond 80 days, contrasted with none of the mice given immunotherapy alone surviving past 50 days. Mice solely administered ivermectin did not fare better than untreated counterparts.

“Ivermectin itself isn’t inherently a cancer treatment,” Lee clarified. “But it seems beneficial when used alongside immune-based therapies.”

A clinical trial is currently evaluating the use of ivermectin in conjunction with cancer immunotherapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, with anticipated results expected next year. Other studies also suggest that pancreatic cancer therapies are more effective when combined with ivermectin, and Lee is exploring similar effects on colon cancer cells.

While these findings are encouraging, they do not confirm ivermectin as an effective cancer treatment for humans. “Many therapies that show promise in animal studies do not translate to humans,” Lee pointed out.

What are the side effects of ivermectin?

Ivermectin is generally regarded as safe, but can be toxic when taken in high doses. Possible side effects may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, low blood pressure, and dizziness. In severe cases, ivermectin usage might lead to seizures, coma, or even death, especially if combined with other medications like blood thinners.

“Individuals should not take [ivermectin] on their own or without the guidance of a knowledgeable medical professional. I genuinely hope to utilize ivermectin in ways that provide benefits to numerous patients, but its use is more complex than simply self-administering a medication,” he advised.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Australia’s Tubal Climate Movement Treaty: A Step Back for Ocean Health

Posted on July 2, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

A lifeline has been extended to the residents of Tuvalu, a low-lying Pacific nation grappling with the impacts of rising sea levels. Each year, Australia permits 280 Tuvaluan individuals to reside there. This agreement anticipates a relocation of the entire population within the next few decades.

The Australian Tuvalu Farapili Union, regarded as the world’s first climate migration agreement, also allocates funds for adaptation to aid those who are lagging behind.

Could this serve as a prototype for managing climate migration gracefully before calamities ensue? However, the situation is far from ideal. In order to secure this deal, Tuvalu had to concede to Australia having a voice in future security and defense matters. Few nations may find such terms acceptable.

Moreover, Tuvalu’s population is minuscule. In a country like Australia, which has 28 million residents, accepting around 10,000 climate migrants is relatively insignificant. It’s estimated that between 25 million and 1 billion people could face forced displacement by 2050 due to climate change and other environmental pressures. Where will they go?

Environmental factors could force 1 billion people to move by 2050

Many assert that wealthy nations, historically the largest emitters of carbon dioxide contributing to global warming, have a moral duty to assist those affected by climate change. However, discussions on these matters have yet to translate into the legal recognition or acceptance of forced climate migration. In fact, many high-income nations seem increasingly resistant to various forms of immigration.

There have been some progressions in creating funds for “loss and damage” to aid affected countries dealing with the aftermath of global warming. This could potentially curtail the necessity for future climate migration, yet the promised financial support to date is only a fraction of what is essential.

The foremost action that any nation should undertake is to limit future warming through emission reductions, but global emissions continue to rise. Regrettably, the Farapili Union symbolizes a decline into the ocean, not a turnaround.

Topic:

Climate change/
Global warming

Source: www.newscientist.com

Unveiling the Myth: The Truth About Health Improvement

Posted on July 2, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Devi Sridhar argues that we have misaligned health priorities. Many of us obsess over personal choices like diet and exercise while ignoring the crucial role of government in health outcomes. This crucial factor: effective governance.

Public health initiatives—including universal healthcare, access to clean drinking water, breathable air, and safe transportation—actually have a far greater effect on longevity than individual commodities like gym memberships or health food. As a professor of global public health at the University of Edinburgh, Devi has authored a new book titled How Can I Not Die (Too Early), which builds a compelling case that emphasizes both personal endeavors and public health as keys to a long, healthy life.

In her interview with New Scientist, she tackles the illusion of personal responsibility for health, discusses how to elevate public health appeal, and shares her vision if she were in a position of authority.

Graham Lawton: Are you suggesting that focusing on our own health is futile?

Devi Sridhar: Not at all! Personal health initiatives can be highly effective if resources, time, and education are available. However, placing sole responsibility for health on individuals ignores the broader societal factors at play. The environment and circumstances you reside in profoundly impact your lifespan. Society often forgets the systemic issues tied to health, where individuals’ agency is critical. Yet, large-scale health improvements typically originate from governmental initiatives.

How did we come to believe that health is solely our responsibility?

This belief is empowering. People think, “What can I do today?” and “If I’m disciplined enough, I can succeed!” However, broader structural barriers often limit their ability to make changes. We’re inundated with self-help narratives while less attention is paid to systemic factors, which many perceive as not directly relevant to their own lives. Additionally, there’s significant skepticism about politicians, with a prevailing notion that nothing will change.

What’s the right balance between personal and public health measures?

The answer varies by the specific issue. Individual efforts can influence areas like diet and exercise, but for critical areas such as air quality and water safety, individuals are often at the mercy of governmental decisions.

Are celebrity diets and social media influencers further skewing this balance?

Absolutely. It’s all about marketing. We tend to believe that products with the right branding are more effective. Public health struggles with marketing challenges. Recent years have not helped, as public health messaging often comes across as oppressive rather than liberating.

How can we reshape perceptions of public health?

We need to shift the narrative around public health. It shouldn’t just be about societal benefits, but also about simplifying life. People want to understand, “How does this benefit me?” This may sound cynical, but it’s the reality we operate within.

Vaccinating children for measles is a lifesaver, but social media influencers may spread doubts

Morwan Ali/EPA/Shutterstock

Given the misinformation surrounding vaccinations, why do many people fall prey to such fallacies?

A lot of this is rooted in social media culture, where popularity seems to supersede accuracy. For example, when Joe Rogan discusses his experiences with measles on his podcast—where he asserts it was commonplace during his childhood—this message carries more weight than that of actual health experts. Despite being neither a medical professional nor a public health authority, his influence is substantial. If I claimed that the secret to longevity was gin and tonics, it would go viral, posing a significant challenge for credible health messaging.

Implementing effective public health policies seems complicated, isn’t it?

Change often meets resistance. Consider the initial pushback against smoking bans in pubs or seat belt laws. Though there’s resistance early on, over time, people adapt, and these measures become normalized.

Your book presents various instances of successful government interventions. Which one stands out to you?

As someone in Scotland, I have to mention the Dunblane gun laws enacted following a tragic school shooting in 1996. The resistance to these laws was fierce, yet they have effectively prevented mass shootings in British schools, saving countless lives and establishing a model for other nations.

In high-income countries, 20% of deaths are preventable. What insights can we draw from nations with lower preventable mortality rates?

Countries like Japan, which have high cancer survival rates and low chronic disease prevalence, serve as models for what can be achieved. In Japan, preventable mortality rates are estimated at about 10%, showcasing the potential for better outcomes.

Our objective should be to extend life expectancy, ideally reaching ages of 80, 90, or even 100. If one can age successfully and die of natural causes, that signifies a healthy approach to living.

However, longer lifespans mean an older population. How should we respond to this shift?

Aging should be perceived as a strength, not a detriment. The focus should be on encouraging healthy aging, allowing individuals to maintain independence without overwhelming healthcare systems.

How realistic is it to align preventable mortality rates with those of Japan?

It will likely take a decade or two, as changing urban design and reversing childhood obesity cannot be done overnight. Nevertheless, the return on investment can be considerable over time. A significant challenge is the current governmental tendency to prioritize short-term headlines over long-term planning.

Typically, there is initial resistance to new public health regulations, such as the essential use of seat belts, but people will adapt over time.

CrackerClips Stock Media/Alamy

If you were in charge of the UK National Health Service (NHS), what reforms would you prioritize?

I believe there’s a strong need for focus on preventive care. Currently, the UK invests significantly in acute care while neglecting prevention. The emphasis right now is on addressing hospital and ambulance waiting times, which will worsen as the population ages. My approach would be to prioritize preventive measures. Identify and invest in cost-efficient strategies to detect health issues early. What are the prevalent reasons behind hospital admissions, and how can we tackle them?

For instance, hypertension is known as a silent killer. Regular annual blood pressure checks could lead to early detection. Though the initial costs may be higher, savings can accumulate over the years. Regular assessments of waist circumference, abdominal fat, blood sugar, cholesterol levels, and grip strength should also be incorporated.

I interviewed you during the COVID pandemic, when you mentioned that it was an opportunity to address long-standing public health challenges. Did we capitalize on that?

No, quite the opposite. If anything, there has been a backlash against public health and government intervention. Strict lockdowns and mask mandates led to significant pushback. Rather than seizing the opportunity for systemic change, the focus has shifted back to individual responsibility.

Do you feel we’ve learned valuable lessons from the pandemic, and is the world better prepared for the future?

It depends on the perspective. In terms of public health, I would say no; we’ve regressed. The UK’s testing infrastructure has been dismantled. However, in terms of scientific advancement, yes, we’re now better equipped for vaccine development and more efficient research processes. If a bird flu strain spreads among humans, the UK government already has a vaccine ready for distribution.

A quote from your book resonates: “We don’t need to conduct any more studies.” Is that your position?

Yes. We have a wealth of knowledge already. Perhaps 90% of what we need to know to improve population health is already available. While there’s always room for further research, repeating studies that confirm what we already know can become a distraction and delay necessary actions.

Are we evolving positively on a global level regarding public health?

Overall, yes. Life expectancy is increasing, and quality of life is better than it was a century ago. Progress may not be rapid or uniform, and in some regions, there are setbacks, but the overall trend shows significant advancement.

What message do you want readers to take from your book?

Politicians have the power to effect change. Take the NHS, for example; its establishment was a deliberate decision, not a coincidence. Everything we have today is the result of policy choices made decades ago, and we are currently reaping the benefits. While the improvements from today’s decisions may not be immediate, future generations will benefit from them. My aim is to inspire hope for what is possible.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Microsoft Claims AI Systems Outperform Doctors in Diagnosing Complex Health Conditions

Posted on June 30, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Microsoft is unveiling details about artificial intelligence systems that outperform human doctors in intricate health assessments, paving a “path to medical closeness.”

The company’s AI division, spearheaded by British engineer Mustafa Suleyman, has created a system that emulates a panel of specialized physicians handling “diagnostically complex and intellectually demanding” cases.

When integrated with OpenAI’s advanced O3 AI model, Microsoft claims its method “solved” more than eight out of ten carefully selected case studies for diagnostic challenges. In contrast, practice physicians with no access to colleagues, textbooks, or chatbots achieved an accuracy rate of only 2 out of 10 on these same case studies.

Microsoft also highlighted that this AI solution could be a more economical alternative to human doctors, as it streamlines the process of ordering tests.

While emphasizing potential cost reductions, Microsoft noted that it envisions AI as a complement to physician roles rather than a replacement.

“The clinical responsibilities of doctors extend beyond merely diagnosing; they must navigate uncertainty in ways that AI is not equipped to handle, and build trust with patients and their families,” the company explained in a blog post announcing the research intended for peer review.

Nevertheless, slogans like “The Road to Overmed Medical” hint at the possibility of transformative changes in the healthcare sector. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) denotes systems that replicate human cognitive abilities for specific tasks, while superintelligence is a theoretical concept referring to systems that surpass overall human intellectual capacity.

In discussing the rationale for their study, Microsoft raised concerns about AI’s performance on U.S. medical licensing exams, a crucial assessment for acquiring medical licenses in the U.S. The multiple-choice format relies heavily on memorization, which may “exaggerate” AI capabilities compared to in-depth understanding.

Microsoft is working on a system that mimics real-world clinicians by taking step-by-step actions to arrive at a final diagnosis, such as asking targeted questions or requesting diagnostic tests. For instance, patients exhibiting cough or fever symptoms may need blood tests and chest x-rays prior to receiving a pneumonia diagnosis.

This innovative approach by Microsoft employs intricate case studies sourced from the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM).

Suleyman’s team transformed over 300 of these studies into “interactive case challenges” to evaluate their method. Microsoft’s strategy incorporated existing AI models developed by ChatGPT creators OpenAI, Meta from Mark Zuckerberg, Anthropic, Grok from Elon Musk, and Google’s Gemini.

The company utilized a specific model for determining tests and diagnostics, employing AI systems such as tailored agents known as “diagnostic orchestrators.” These orchestrators effectively simulate a doctor’s panel, aiding in reaching a diagnosis.

Microsoft reported that in conjunction with OpenAI’s advanced O3 model, over eight of the ten NEJM case studies have been “solved.”

Microsoft believes its approach has the potential to encompass multiple medical fields, enabling a broad and in-depth application beyond individual practitioners.

“Enhancing this level of reasoning could potentially reform healthcare. AI can autonomously manage patients with routine care and offer clinicians sophisticated support for complex cases.”

However, Microsoft acknowledges that the technology is not yet ready for clinical implementation, noting that further testing with an “Orchestrator” is necessary to evaluate performance in more prevalent symptoms.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Your Rectum Isn’t Made for Coffee: Insights from Dr. Probeticoc on the Latest Gut Health Trends

Posted on June 20, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

When TikTok declares it’s run out of bizarre ideas, enter the world of coffee enemas.

Indeed, people are brewing fresh coffee pots and introducing them into the colon via the rectum to stimulate bowel movements. This trend claims to “detox” the body, enhance energy levels, and improve digestion.

This isn’t a new phenomenon: coffee enemas have long been associated with the Gerson Therapy diet and energy-based cancer treatments since the 1950s.

Despite its TikTok resurgence, there’s scant credible evidence supporting its effectiveness, while reports of unpleasant and potentially harmful side effects abound.

Firstly, the rectum is not meant to handle coffee. Caffeine and acids can irritate delicate tissues, leading to inflammation, pain, and possible burns if the coffee is cold enough. Over time, frequent use can damage the mucosal lining, heightening the risk of chronic issues.

Although this trend touts “detoxification,” you don’t need to resort to such risky methods, as your liver and kidneys are already efficient at eliminating toxins.

Moreover, there are significant risks associated with DIY procedures. Engaging in invasive actions can result in injuries like infections and rectal tears. Severe infections can lead to sepsis, posing life-threatening consequences.

There is no credible evidence supporting the efficacy of coffee enemas – Illustration by Jessley

Thus, if you’re seeking to feel lighter or healthier, it’s best to rely on the basics: consume more fiber, stay hydrated, and stay active. If digestion troubles persist, consult a healthcare professional rather than an influencer.

Despite its newfound popularity, reliable evidence supporting the benefits of coffee enemas is lacking, and the associated risks are significant. “Bottom” line? Enjoy your coffee in a mug, not through a colon.

This article responds to the question (I emailed Sarasolomon) “Should I try a coffee enema?”

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Judges Evaluate Legality of Trump Administration Cuts at the National Institutes of Health

Posted on June 17, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

On Monday, a federal judge in Boston ruled that the termination of grants from the National Institutes of Health signals the end of efforts aimed at diversity-related research topics. Trump’s administration has claimed this decision was “invalid and illegal,” citing discrimination against racial minorities and the LGBTQ community.

US District Judge William Young stated in a non-judicial trial that the NIH breached federal law by capriciously canceling over $1 billion in research grants linked to diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives.

Judge Young indicated he is reinstating grants awarded to organizations that advocated for such initiatives in democratically led states. He also mentioned that as the case unfolds, more significant decisions might follow.

“This amounts to racism and discrimination against the American LGBTQ community,” remarked Young, a Republican appointee of President Ronald Reagan. “Government discrimination is profoundly wrong; I urge the court to prohibit it, and I will take action in due course.”

Discussing the end of grants for research addressing racial minority issues, Young expressed from the bench that he has “never witnessed such blatant racism” in his 40 years on the bench.

“You judge people of color based on their skin,” he stated concerning the Trump administration. “The Constitution does not permit that.”

The Department of Health and Human Services, representing the NIH and its parent organization, has not responded promptly to requests for statements.

Rachel Meelopol from the American Civil Liberties Union, who represents the grant recipients in the lawsuit, mentioned that Young’s ruling impacts hundreds of grants. The plaintiffs include the American Public Health Association and 16 states led by Massachusetts.

The NIH, the world’s premier funder of biomedical and behavioral research, has terminated approximately 2,100 research grants worth about $9.5 billion and an additional $2.6 billion in contracts since President Donald Trump took office in January. I signed on to protest the cuts last week.

These funding cuts reflect Trump’s broader agenda to reshape the government, reduce federal expenditures, and eliminate support for DEI programs and transgender healthcare. Another federal judge has temporarily blocked the administration’s plan to reduce 10,000 jobs across the NIH and other health agencies.

Trump has also enacted a series of executive orders mandating that institutions ensure grant funding does not support “gender ideology” and puts an end to what the administration deems “discriminatory” DEI programs. Conservative critics argue that these DEI initiatives unfairly target white individuals and others.

Aligned with Trump’s policy objectives, the NIH has directed staff to cease grant funding for research on DEI programs, issues facing transgender individuals, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and funding beneficial to universities in China.

The trial presided over by Young on Monday focused on just a portion of the claims in the consolidated litigation regarding the funding cuts. He intends to consider additional claims later.

Young indicated he would allow political parties to present further evidence before making decisions regarding these claims and determine whether to restore grants beyond those allocated to the plaintiffs.

The cessation of NIH grants, coupled with delays in grant approvals and renewals, has reverberated across universities nationwide, many of which now face the loss of significant portions of their research budgets.

As a result, universities have initiated employment freezes, travel restrictions, reduced class sizes, furloughs, and layoffs.

Numerous universities depend on NIH grants for the majority of their research funding. For instance, Washington University, recognized as the top public institution for biomedical research, reported receiving roughly 1,220 grants from the NIH, totaling about $648 million last year, as per court documents.

Students and faculty at universities have expressed concerns that the funding confusion could lead to brain drain from the United States, as researchers increasingly seek positions abroad. This slowdown also threatens long-term research initiatives, including projects focused on banking and studying the brains of Alzheimer’s patients.

The Trump administration has aimed to reduce other critical research funding sources.

In February, US District Judge Angel Kelly halted regulations that severely restricted government payments for indirect research costs, including equipment, maintenance, utilities, and support staffing. The administration projected that this action would eliminate $4 billion in funding for research institutions.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

The Way You Breathe Can Uncover Important Insights About Your Health

Posted on June 12, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

Analyzing breath patterns can be crucial for diagnosing and treating numerous health issues

Milan Jovic/Getty Images

Forget about facial recognition—innovative methods for identification may be on the horizon. Researchers have unveiled the concept of “respiratory fingerprints,” a distinctive breathing pattern that could transform the approach to diagnosing and managing various health conditions, including obesity and depression.

The breakthrough is credited to Timna Soroka at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. Together with her team, they designed wearable devices capable of capturing the minute details of our breathing patterns.

“This research is exciting,” says Torben Noto from OSMO in New York, an AI company focused on enhancing computer sensory perception, who was not part of the study. “It tackles many persistent inquiries regarding the relationship between respiratory signals and health, as well as mental well-being.”

The notion that breath patterns can reveal health information isn’t new; clues to this relationship date back to the 1950s. Yet, previous studies were limited to data from hospital patients because no wearable devices existed that could record nasal breathing while allowing people to move freely.

To overcome this limitation, Soroka and her colleagues developed a wearable device, which was tested by 97 participants who wore it around the clock. The team trained an algorithm to detect a unique set of 24 breathing metrics, ranging from the volume of air inhaled to the speed of breathing. Remarkably, the algorithm achieved nearly 97% accuracy in identifying participants, and their unique breathing signature remained consistent over a two-year follow-up period.

However, don’t expect to use this device for banking transactions just yet, warns Norm Sobel from the Weizmann Institute. The primary aim is not biometric authentication, but to extract invaluable health insights.

For instance, a person’s body mass index (BMI) can be estimated using specific nasal cycle parameters, which involve a rhythmic pattern of airflow between nostrils. This cycle is controlled by the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems—the former prepares the body for “fight or flight,” while the latter calms the body. “By assessing nostril airflow, we effectively gauge sympathetic arousal, which seems to correlate with BMI,” explains Sobel.

This leads to intriguing inquiries, Sobel notes: Could breathing patterns influence weight rather than weight changes altering breath? “If that’s the case, we might discover a breathing pattern that promotes weight loss, at which point we’ll all retire to an island,” he quips.

The respiratory data also indicated a link between breathing characteristics and levels of anxiety and depression. For example, individuals experiencing higher depressive symptoms exhibited faster inhalation rates.

The research team is currently exploring whether these breathing patterns actively contribute to these symptoms and if they can be used to diagnose widespread mental health disorders.

“Imagine a future where each patient owns a nasal airflow monitoring device that not only tracks treatment progress but also offers feedback and predicts outcomes for various disorders,” says Noto. The device measures 24 distinct breathing metrics. It also enables users to notice deviations from their normal breathing patterns. “This could have a profound effect on public health,” adds Noto.

Source: www.newscientist.com

Public Health Agencies Urged to Develop Period Tracking Apps for Data Protection

Posted on June 11, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

As public health organizations indicate that women’s personal information is vulnerable to exploitation by private entities, experts advocate for public health groups to create alternatives to for-profit period tracker applications.

A study from the University of Cambridge reveals that smartphone apps used for menstrual cycle tracking serve as a “Goldmine” for consumer profiling, collecting data on exercise, diet, medication, hormone levels, and birth control methods.

The economic worth of this information is often “greatly underestimated” by users who share intimate details in unregulated markets with profit-driven businesses, according to the report.

If mishandled, data from cycle tracking apps (CTAs) could lead to issues like employment bias, workplace monitoring, discrimination in health insurance, risks of cyberstalking, and restricted access to abortion services, research indicates.

The authors urge for improved regulation in the expanding Femtech sector to safeguard users as data is sold in large quantities, suggesting that apps should offer clear consent options regarding data collection and promote the establishment of public health agency alternatives to commercial CTAs.

“The menstrual cycle tracking app is marketed as empowering women and bridging gender health disparities,” stated Dr. Stephanie Felberger, PhD, of the Center for Technology and Democracy at Cambridge, the lead author of the report. “Nevertheless, its underlying business model relies on commercial usage, wherein user data and insights are sold to third parties for profit.

“As a consequence of the monetization of data collected by cycle tracking app companies, women face significant and alarming privacy and safety threats.”

The report indicates that most cycle tracking apps cater to women attempting to conceive, making the stored data highly commercially valuable. Other life events, aside from home purchasing, do not trigger such notable shifts in consumer behavior.

Data pertaining to pregnancy is valued at over 200 times more than information about age, gender, or location for targeted advertisements. Furthermore, tracking cycle duration can allow for targeting women at various phases of their cycles.

The three most popular apps project a quarterly download figure of 500 million yen for 2024. The digital health sector focused on women’s wellness is anticipated to surpass $60 billion (£44 billion) by 2027, as noted in the report.

In light of the considerable demand for period tracking, the authors are calling on public health entities, including the UK’s NHS, to create transparent and reliable apps as alternatives to commercial offerings.

“The UK is ideally positioned to address researchers’ challenges related to menstrual data access, as well as privacy and data concerns, by developing an NHS app dedicated to tracking menstrual cycles,” added that the parent-child relationship in the US Reproductive Medicine Plan currently utilizes its own app.

“Apps situated within public health frameworks, which are not primarily profit-driven, can significantly reduce privacy violations, gather essential data on reproductive health, and empower users regarding the utilization of their menstrual information.”

“Utilizing cycle tracking apps is beneficial. Women deserve better than having their menstrual tracking data treated merely as consumer data,” remarked Professor Gina Neff, executive director of the Mindeoo Center.

In the UK and the EU, period tracking data falls under “special categories” and enjoys greater legal protection, similar to genetics and ethnicity. In the United States, authorities collect menstrual cycle data which may hinder access to abortion services, according to the report.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Study Reveals Over Half of the Top 100 Mental Health Resources Spread Misinformation

Posted on June 1, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

A study by The Guardian has revealed that over 50% of the most popular TikTok videos offering mental health advice are misleading.

As more individuals seek mental health support on social media, research has shown that numerous influencers spread misinformation, including improper treatment terminology, unrealistic “quick fix” solutions, and inaccurate claims.

Those in need of help encounter questionable advice, such as suggestions to eat oranges while showering to alleviate anxiety. Some promote untested supplements like saffron, magnesium glycinate, and sacred basil as remedies for anxiety, along with claims about healing emotional wounds in an hour. Additionally, normal emotional reactions are incorrectly framed as symptoms of borderline personality disorder or abuse.

Lawmakers and experts expressed concern about the findings, stating that social media’s harmful mental health advice is both troubling and dangerous, prompting the government to consider stricter regulations to safeguard citizens from the spread of misinformation.

The Guardian analyzed the top 100 videos associated with the #MentalHealthTips hashtag on TikTok, consulting psychologists, psychiatrists, and academic specialists.

Experts determined that 52 out of those 100 videos provided advice on trauma, neurodiversity, anxiety, depression, and severe mental illness.

David Okay, a consultant neuropsychiatrist and psychology researcher at King’s College London, examined videos related to anxiety and depression. He noted that some posts misuse treatment language, potentially creating confusion around the true nature of mental illnesses.

Many videos offered broad advice based on limited personal experiences and anecdotal evidence.

The analysis indicated that social media often oversimplifies treatment realities, reducing complex issues to catchy soundbites. Although effective treatments exist, it’s crucial to communicate that there are no quick or one-size-fits-all solutions, he emphasized.

Dan Poulter, a former health minister and NHS psychiatrist who reviewed videos on severe mental illness, stated that some content trivializes daily experiences, equating them with serious mental health diagnoses.

“This type of misinformation can mislead viewers and downplay the real challenges faced by those with serious mental illnesses,” he noted.

Amber Johnston, a psychologist recognized by the British Psychological Association who evaluated trauma-related videos, remarked that while many contain valid insights, they often overgeneralize and downplay the complexity of post-traumatic stress disorder or trauma symptoms.

“Each video misleadingly suggests a uniform experience of PTSD that can be neatly summed up in a 30-second clip. The reality is that PTSD and trauma symptoms are uniquely individual and require the attention of a trained professional,” she explained.

“TikTok disseminates misinformation by implying there are universal shortcuts and insights that might actually exacerbate viewers’ issues, rather than provide solutions,” she added.

TikTok stated that videos will be removed if they dissuade users from seeking medical help or endorse harmful treatments. In the UK, when users search for mental health terms like depression or anxiety, they are directed to NHS resources.

Labour MP Chi Onwurah mentioned that the technical committee she leads is investigating misinformation on social media. A survey highlighted serious concerns regarding the effectiveness of online safety laws in combating misleading and harmful online content.

“We know that recommendation algorithms on platforms like TikTok intensify the spread of damaging misinformation, including false mental health advice,” she noted. “Immediate action is needed to address the deficiencies of the Online Safety Act and safeguard public health and safety online.”

Liberal Democrat MP Victoria Collins concurred with the troubling findings and called on the government to act decisively to shield individuals from harmful misinformation.

Labour MP Paulette Hamilton, chair of the Health and Social Care Selection Committee, also raised concerns about mental health misinformation on social media. “These ‘tips’ should not replace professional, qualified support,” she insisted.

Professor Bernadka Dubicka, online safety lead at the Royal College of Psychiatrists, noted that while social media can raise awareness, it’s vital that people access health information grounded in the latest evidence from reliable sources. Mental disorders can only be diagnosed through a thorough evaluation by qualified mental health professionals.

A TikTok spokesperson commented, “TikTok is a platform for millions to share their authentic mental health experiences and seek supportive communities. However, we recognize the methodological limitations of this research.”

“We are committed to collaborating with the World Health Organization and NHS health experts to promote accurate information on our platform and to eliminate 98% of harmful misinformation prior to reporting,” they added.

A government representative stated that the minister is “taking steps to minimize the impact of harmful misleading content online” through the new online safety legislation.

Source: www.theguardian.com

What Your Bowel Habits Reveal About Your Health

Posted on May 11, 2025 by Igor Mitreski

As the saying goes, you can’t brush aside the truth, but you can examine it closely—and you definitely should.

Medical professionals have long recognized that the state of our toilets offers valuable insights into our overall health. This wisdom also applies to how frequently we use them.

Discovering the Goldilocks Zone of Bowel Movements

Last year, a team of researchers found a connection between the frequency of bowel movements and long-term health outcomes.

They studied 1,400 healthy adults, excluding those with certain conditions and medications that could alter their stool.

The researchers categorized bowel movement frequency into four groups: constipation (one or two movements per week), low normal (three to six movements per week), high normal (one to three movements per day), and diarrhea.

According to the Bristol Stool Chart—or perhaps suspicious cupcakes—your stool should neither be too hard nor too soft. – Illustration: Lynn Bremner

Within this scale, the team identified a sort of Goldilocks zone.

Ideal bowel movements fall within a high normal range, according to Professor Shawn Gibbons, one of the study’s authors from the Institute of Systems Biology.

“Going every other day is reasonable. Ideally, twice a day is within a safe range,” he explains. “Some people take pride in it; they make a point to go at 10 a.m. every day.”

What Our Stool Reveals About Gut Health

Gibbons’ fascination with our collective bowel habits stems from the increasing understanding of the microorganisms inhabiting our gut.

“Transit time or intestinal motility is a crucial factor in this ecosystem,” he notes.

As stool moves through the intestine, microorganisms utilize available dietary fiber, fermenting it into beneficial fatty acids.

However, if the stool lingers too long, these microorganisms switch to protein, leading to toxin release into the bloodstream.

“Accumulations of toxins, like indoxyl sulfate and trimethylamine, are associated with chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases,” Gibbons warns.

The average individual produces 3,500-3,800 kilograms (7,700-8,400 pounds) of stool in their lifetime. – Photo credit: Getty

Regular bowel movements lead to similar yet subtly different biological processes.

“Individuals with diarrhea often show elevated levels of systemic inflammation, such as C-reactive protein,” he clarifies. “I noticed a stress marker in the liver that ended up in the bloodstream.”

Of course, there are natural variations in how often people experience bowel movements. Most people recognize when their patterns change, but many healthcare providers aren’t overly concerned.

Gibbons states that the general consensus among clinicians is that unless changes are extreme, treatment may not be necessary.

“However, we argue that variations might be worth investigating,” he says. “Aiming for a consistent schedule of once a day or every other day is important. Deviating from this pattern can raise potential risk factors for chronic illnesses and aging.”

Examining Stool Texture and Consistency

Another way to evaluate your stool is by observing its characteristics. The Bristol Stool Scale serves as a visual guide to assessing stool health and can be quite revealing.

Developed in 1997 as a diagnostic tool, the scale categorizes stool into seven types—from small, hard pellets to watery diarrhea.

In addition to frequency, we should also seek a healthy balance in terms of shape and consistency. A smooth, sausage-like stool that passes easily is considered ideal.

It’s also necessary to notice the effort involved during bowel movements. Stool should not feel like a strenuous ordeal, nor should it feel like it’s happening all at once.

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Emphasizing a Healthy Lifestyle

If you find yourself consistently outside these Goldilocks zones, researchers suggest several strategies.

Gibbons and his colleagues discovered that individuals who fall into the beneficial higher frequency category tend to lead healthier lifestyles.

“They consume more fruits and vegetables, are more physically active, and tend to hydrate better,” he mentions. “These three factors can make a significant difference.”

He also recommends exploring new health trends. “Consider taking dietary fiber supplements or incorporating flaxseed and chia seeds into your meals. These can be quite beneficial.”

Be wary of certain wellness trends as well. Popular weight loss medications like Wegovy and Ozempic may offer multiple health benefits, but Gibbons cautions that they can slow intestinal transit time, potentially affecting frequency.

“High-protein diets can also pose risks due to the byproducts generated from protein fermentation. There is considerable evidence suggesting links to type 2 diabetes, particularly in younger individuals.”

So the next time you find yourself on the throne, consider it your personal health assessment.

Meet Our Experts

Professor Shawn Gibbons is an associate professor at the Institute of Systems Biology and leads the Gibbons Lab, which focuses on microbiology, ecology, and medicine. He earned his PhD in Biophysics from the University of Chicago in 2015. His expertise lies in microbial ecology, evolution, complex adaptive systems, bioinformatics, and the human microbiota.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com