The Connection Between Waist Size and Future Brain Health

Have you ever measured your hip to hip ratio? Chances are, you probably haven’t. However, there is an important reason why you should start.

Recent research published in Nutrition, obesity, exercise suggests that these measurements may be linked to cognitive decline. The study found that individuals with smaller hips have a significantly lower risk compared to those with larger hips.

Feeling concerned about your numbers? Don’t worry too much just yet – researchers emphasize that your risk is not set in stone. Making healthier dietary choices can actively reduce the risk of cognitive decline and support long-term brain health.

BMI and Waist-to-Hip Ratio

While most scientists use Body Mass Index (BMI) to measure body size by comparing weight to height, this system has faced criticism for its inaccuracies. For instance, muscular individuals may be categorized as overweight even if they are not at risk for diseases like type 2 diabetes or heart disease.

Therefore, researchers are increasingly turning to alternative measurements such as waist-to-hip ratios as a more accurate indicator of health risks related to size than BMI. According to the authors of the study, this measurement is more reliable.

“We found a connection between healthier waist-to-hip ratios and better cognitive function scores,” stated Dr. Dahlia Y Jensen in an interview with BBC Science Focus.

The study, which was published recently, examined the relationship between diet, body size, and brain health over several decades. 664 British civil servants had their waists and hips measured multiple times between the 1950s and 1960s over approximately 21 years.

Comparing waist and hip sizes indicates the amount of central fat accumulation, which is associated with a higher risk of diseases like type 2 diabetes and heart disease. – Credit: FluxFactory via Getty

Diet Evaluation and Brain Health Measurement

A group of 512 civil servants completed three dietary surveys between the ages of 48 and 60. Scientists assessed dietary quality based on various components including vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, legumes, fats, sugary drinks, meat, salt, and alcohol.

When participants reached about 70 years of age, brain scans were conducted to measure cognitive performance. The findings revealed that middle-aged individuals with healthier diets and slimmer hips had better brain health later in life.

Brain imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were used to analyze the brain structure of the participants, with a particular focus on the hippocampus.

“The hippocampus is crucial in dementia research, and numerous studies have highlighted its importance in memory and learning,” explained Jensen. While previous studies emphasized the significance of hippocampal volume, this study explored its associations with other brain regions.

“We observed a strong link between better diet, functional connectivity of the hippocampus with other brain regions, and waist-to-hip ratio,” Jensen added. Improved white matter connections associated with a slim waist indicated better communication between brain regions.

This suggests that individuals who follow healthier diets and maintain slimmer waists in middle age are at a reduced risk of cognitive decline and diseases like dementia later in life.

“If you’re looking to improve your brain health, it’s never too late to start, but the earlier, the better,” Jensen advised.

The study had some limitations, with only 20% of female participants as they were civil servants recruited in the 1980s. However, Jensen deemed the study “exciting” and believes it will aid in understanding the link between mid-age dietary health and future brain health.

Alzheimer’s Disease Association estimates that 982,000 people in the UK currently live with dementia. Jensen hopes the study will encourage a shift towards preventive healthcare.


About our experts:

Dr. Dahlia Y Jensen is a postdoctoral researcher at the Department of Cognitive Neuropathy Clinic, University Medical Center Leipzig, and the Department of Neurology at Max Planck Human Brain Science Institute in Germany. She also serves as a visiting researcher at the Oxford University School of Psychiatry and is a corresponding author of the study.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

The negative impact of daylight saving time on health and how to mitigate it

It feels harsh. Being forced to sacrifice valuable sleep is tough. In the United States, Daylight Saving Time (DST) will begin on March 9, 2025. At 2am local time, the clock will spring forward an hour, skipping straight to 3am.

Not only does this make the following day feel a bit groggy, but experts are growing concerned about the potential negative impacts of the DST switch on our health.

“When the clock changes, there is a slight increase in stroke, heart attack, car accidents, and sleep loss,” says Vanderbilt’s Director of Sleep, Dr. Beth Malow to BBC Science Focus.

The effects of this time shift are felt not only by the youth but also by older individuals. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine in 2015 found that teenagers lose approximately 2 hours and 42 minutes of weekday sleep after the time change.

Mallow continues, “It has health repercussions for nearly eight months due to the shift in light exposure from the morning and evening times.”

“Morning light is essential for waking up, regulating our biological clock, and enhancing our mood. We use light therapy in the morning to treat seasonal affective disorders and improve sleep quality. Exposure to morning light supports nighttime sleep, while evening light disrupts it.”

However, all hope is not lost. Here are some simple strategies to alleviate the impact of losing that hour:

1. Back up your bedtime for a few days before the clock change

While it may be too late this time, keep this in mind for the future. Sleep experts recommend gradually shifting your bedtime 15-20 minutes earlier each night leading up to the time change.

According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, sudden changes in sleep schedules, such as switching to daylight saving time, can lead to temporary insomnia symptoms affecting about 30-35% of adults.


By easing into it gradually, Malow suggests, “you can adjust to the new time and get a bit more sleep in the process.”

If you’re short on time and feeling drowsy, going to bed earlier on the night of the time change can also be helpful.

2. Expose yourself to bright light in the morning

Daylight Saving Time aims to provide an extra hour of sunlight in the evening. While this is ideal for post-work socializing, it may disrupt natural sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms.

To help you wake up in the morning and consequently sleep better at night, exposing yourself to bright light is crucial. Malow recommends natural light for this purpose, especially as the sun rises earlier during the summer months.

“Morning bright light exposure helps synchronize your biological clock,” she explains. “Aligning your clock will improve your nighttime sleep.”

3. Avoid lengthy naps and late-day caffeine. Opt for exercise instead

If you enjoy taking naps (who doesn’t?), this news may be disappointing. However, if you want to maintain good sleep, avoiding long naps is essential.

“Naps and caffeine impair our ‘sleep drive’,” Malow clarifies. Her solution? Engage in physical exercise instead.

“Physical activity in the afternoon energizes us during that afternoon slump, but comes bedtime, it promotes sleepiness. It enhances our sleep drive,” she adds.

But remember, avoid exercising just before bedtime, as it can stimulate endorphins and raise body temperature, both of which can interfere with sleep.

4. Put away your phone before bedtime

You’ve likely heard this advice before, but it remains just as relevant, particularly when the clock springs forward an hour. Bright light at night, especially from screens emitting blue light, can disrupt your sleep.

Blue light, found in LED screens, inhibits the natural release of melatonin in the brain, a hormone that regulates sleep. Additionally, content like news can trigger anxiety before bed.

Perhaps it’s time to eliminate daylight saving time

While the aforementioned strategies can minimize the impact of the time change, many experts are calling for the abolishment of this antiquated practice entirely.

So, should standard time become the new norm?

Alice Gregory, a psychology professor at Goldsmith’s, believes so. She argues that permanent standard time aligns better with our circadian rhythms compared to daylight saving time.

Mallow echoes this sentiment, stating, “Most individuals are quite fatigued by the interaction.”

About our experts:

Dr. Beth Malow is a neurology and pediatrics professor, Director of the Vanderbilt Sleep Division, Chair of Barry Donations for Cognitive Childhood Development, and Vice-Chair of Clinical Research at Vanderbilt University, USA. She is board-certified in Neurology and Sleep Medicine, conducting research on sleep and its medical and genetic implications.

Alice Gregory is a psychology professor at Goldsmith’s. She conducts research on the link between sleep and mental health, behavioral genetics, sleep paralysis, and nightmare disorder. She is also a prolific science communicator, publishing articles in various outlets like Guardian, GQ UK, and Slate fr.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Dirt on Spacecraft Might Be Necessary for Astronaut Health

The International Space Station may be a little too clean

geopix/alamy

A strategy to keep the spacecraft as clean and infertile as possible to ensure that astronauts do not get sick may be a mistake. Researchers studying the International Space Station (ISS) say our immune system may require stimulation from certain types of molecules and microorganisms to maintain good health.

“The general concept is to have as few microorganisms as possible, but the question is whether it's the best thing for long-term space travel.” Peter Drestein At the University of California, San Diego. “And that's related to places on earth, such as research. [stations]hospitals and submarines, can spend more than a few months. ”

One reason for sterilizing spacecraft is to avoid covering contaminated planets such as Mars with microorganisms from Earth, but the main concern is that infections that can easily be treated on our planets can become a major problem with spacecraft.

Dorrstein and his team analyzed over 700 surface swabs mounted on the ISS.

“The space station doesn't have many molecules and microorganisms,” he says. “It's at the extreme edge of human life.”

The team believes this lack of exposure to the usual wide range of molecules and microorganisms could be one of the reasons why there is a major change in the universe's immune system. On space stations, astronauts are often subject to rashes, abnormal allergies, fungal or bacterial infections, and activation of latent viruses such as Epstein Barr found in one of the samples.

“We don't fully understand that,” says Drestein. “But the way I see this is that you have to ping your immune system regularly.”

Researchers say they need to find ways to ensure that environments like space stations are “more diverse in molecules and microorganisms, but without introducing infectious pathogens.”

One way to do this is Subtilis Bacillus Instead of disinfectant, Drestein says. B. subtilis It is already widely used for antifungal activities.

Growing a variety of plants is also helpful. “We know from other studies that when people are exposed to more plant molecules, they tend to have a reduced connection to asthma and allergies,” Drestein says. He says these plant molecules are not entirely present in the space station.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Health monitoring technology can be integrated into clothing using thread-based computers

Computer threads woven with metal and textile yarn to make potential clothing

Hamilton Osoi, IFM

An elastic computer on threads sewn onto clothing can be used to record whole-body data that most medical sensors cannot pick up.

Wearable technologies such as smartwatches monitor body signals, such as heart rate and temperature, but usually only from a single location. This gives you an incomplete picture of how your body works.

now, Yoel Fink The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his colleagues developed a computer that could be sewn into clothing made from chips connected with copper and elastic fiber threads.

This thread has 256 kilobytes of onboard memory around that of a simple calculator, and sensors that can detect temperature, heart rate, and body movement. There is also Bluetooth to allow various threads to communicate.

This means that location-specific data can be collected collectively on the body. It says that it is theoretically used by artificial intelligence to allow for more accurate monitoring of human health. “We're starting to write apps for fabrics, monitor our health and, frankly, we're very close to the point where we can do all sorts of things that our phones can't.”

To create individual threads, Fink and his team folded the chips into conductive boxes and connected them to copper wire. The wire was then wrapped in a protective plastic casing and pulled into a thin tube that could be covered with fabrics such as cotton or synthetic Kevlar.

To test them, four fibers were sewn onto the feet and arms of human clothes. Researchers found that they could identify various movements a person has made, such as lunges, squats, and arm circles.

The team is currently testing thread-computer-made clothing on an Arctic expedition as part of Operation Nanook, an annual military exercise led by the Canadian Army. Clothes record temperature and data from various parts of the body. Fink says it could one day help protect people in extreme circumstances.

Threads are being tested by Army personnel during training

US Army Cold Area Research & Engineering Lab

Not only does it record, but it says this could help vulnerable people detect dangerous falls. Theo Hughes-Riley At Nottingham Trent University, England.

Without the need to wire the sensors together, the design becomes much simpler than other electronic fabrics, he says. Researchers also demonstrated that the thread can be washed, but only water was used, not detergent. Therefore, durability in everyday use must be proven before it is widely adopted, says Hughes Riley.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Dear runner: It’s Important for Your Health to Take a Break

Engaging in daily running without adequate rest can be a beneficial but ambitious choice for overall fitness. Running is a great cardiovascular exercise that should not be discouraged, especially when done consistently. Regular physical activity also has significant mental health benefits.

However, running every day without rest can increase the risk of overuse injuries such as shin splints, tendonitis, and stress fractures. The repetitive stress on the same muscles and joints without proper recovery time can lead to these issues. The knees are particularly susceptible to injury due to the weight-bearing nature of running.

Credit: TravelCouples

It is crucial to listen to your body and not ignore persistent pain or discomfort, as it could signal the onset of overuse injuries. Practicing proper running technique, wearing suitable footwear, and gradually increasing mileage can help reduce injury risk. Additionally, incorporating strength training exercises to support muscles around the knees and other joints can enhance stability and protection.

Experts recommend including rest days in workout routines to allow for muscle recovery and adaptation to running demands. Active rest days, involving low-impact activities like swimming, cycling, or yoga, can benefit streak runners. Taking breaks is essential for healing minor injuries and maintaining physical well-being.


This article addresses the query (“Is it safe to run every day, should I abandon my running to save my knees?”) posed to Chloe Dickinson via email.

To submit a question, contact questions@sciencefocus.com or reach out via Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram (include your name and location).

For fascinating scientific insights, explore our collection of fun facts.


Read more:


Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Can innovative wearable technology enhance mental health?

“I achieved 40 seconds of uninterrupted concentration.”

Apparently, this is cause for celebration. For the past 10 minutes, I've been staring at my phone, trying to move a digital ball up a hill using only the power of my mind. The Mendi headset I wear analyzes my brain activity and reflects it in my games. The more you concentrate, the higher the ball will rise.

This exercise is thought to work your mental muscles, just like using weights to train your physical muscles, ultimately increasing your focus and reducing stress.

Like thousands of other people, I've been wearing smartwatches for years to help me track my fitness and improve my physical health. But the wearables industry has set its sights on a new target: mental health. We now have smart watches and brainwave-reading devices that not only analyze the state of our nervous systems, but perhaps intervene proactively to improve our well-being, and we now have mental health support. We're making it more accessible and wearable than ever before. “We're harnessing the brain's ability to rewire itself so that we can have more control over our emotions,” he says. Mustafa Hamada Mendi Chief Product and Scientific Officer.

As someone who suffers from stress and anxiety, I'm willing to try anything that helps me control it. But I have a background in neuroscience, so I’m wary of believing the hype. So I took a closer look at the growing number of devices targeting concentration, concentration, stress and anxiety to find out how they work and which ones actually make a difference…

Source: www.newscientist.com

Are TikTok’s Health Tips Backed by Science? A Comparison of Autozen Picks and Mouth Taping

The influx of unrealistic health tips on TikTok signals the beginning of a new year. Let’s explore some intriguing suggestions and the evidence behind them.

Try wearing rubber bands around your ears to reduce facial swelling

A TikTok trend from South Korea suggests wrapping rubber bands around your ears for 10 minutes to combat facial swelling, claiming to facilitate lymphatic fluid movement. However, science does not support this theory. While lymphatic massage can temporarily reduce swelling by stroking outwards, there is no evidence to validate the rubber bands’ effectiveness.

Professor Hywel Williams, an expert in evidence-based dermatology at the University of Nottingham, points out that many TikTok videos feature individuals without facial puffiness, potentially leading to unnecessary worry and anxiety. He suggests a comprehensive trial where individuals with facial swelling wear various items like rubber bands and cotton, with their swelling assessed by independent estheticians before and after. Williams emphasizes the importance of conducting proper scientific studies to verify health claims.

Experimenting with garlic in your nose for sinus cleansing

TikTok showcases individuals showcasing giant mucus bubbles or a stream of snot expelled after inserting garlic in their nostrils, claiming it alleviates nasal congestion. However, experts like Simon, a consultant ear, nose, and throat specialist, refute this, stating that the mucus production is a response to the strong garlic odor, not a sign of congestion relief.

Exploring the benefits of applying castor oil in the belly button for bloating reduction

Some TikTokers advocate for applying castor oil on the belly button, known as belly button lubrication, to aid digestion, reduce bloating, and alleviate menstrual pain and endometriosis. This practice originates from Ayurveda, claiming that essential oils are absorbed through the “pechoti glands” in the belly button. However, research has yet to confirm the existence of such glands, casting doubt on the effectiveness of this technique.

Dr. Gemma Sharp, an epidemiologist at the University of Exeter, highlights the lack of scientific evidence supporting the use of castor oil for weight loss or managing endometriosis symptoms. She warns against relying on unproven home remedies that may potentially trigger allergic reactions.

Consider the weight loss benefits of Oat Empic

Ozempic, a diabetes medication known for its weight loss effects, contains semaglutide, a compound that slows digestion. TikTok users have popularized Oatzempik, a mixture of oats, water, and lime juice, suggesting similar weight loss benefits. While the claim is unverified, weight loss ultimately depends on calorie balance. Oats, however, contain beta-glucan, a soluble fiber that may aid weight loss and BMI reduction.

Explore the concept of mouth taping for health benefits

Mouth breathing at night can lead to dry mouth, sore throats, and snoring. Mouth taping, using porous tape to encourage nasal breathing, aims to filter allergens and humidify inhaled air. While limited studies suggest it may reduce snoring in mild obstructive sleep apnea, caution is advised as it can pose risks, particularly for individuals with sleep disorders. Consultation with an otolaryngologist is recommended before attempting mouth taping, especially for those with respiratory issues.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Drinking morning coffee could positively impact heart health

Drinking coffee in the morning may be more strongly associated with a lower risk of death than drinking coffee later in the day, according to a new study led by scientists at Tulane University.



king others. This study highlights the importance of considering timing in the relationship between coffee intake and health outcomes. Image credit: Sci.News.

“Previous studies have shown that drinking coffee does not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, but does increase the risk of some chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes,” said Lu Qi, a professor at Tulane University and lead author of the study. appears to be declining.”

“Given the effects of caffeine on our bodies, we wanted to know whether the time of day you drink coffee affects your heart health.”

The study included 40,725 adults who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2018.

As part of the study, participants were asked about all the food and drinks they consumed in at least one day, including whether they drank coffee, when and how much they drank it.

The study also included a subgroup of 1,463 people who were asked to complete a detailed food and drink diary for one week.

Approximately 36% of the study participants were coffee drinkers in the morning (mostly coffee before noon), 16% were coffee drinkers throughout the day (morning, afternoon, and evening), and 48% were non-coffee drinkers.

Compared to non-coffee drinkers, those who drank coffee in the morning were 16% less likely to die from any cause and 31% less likely to die from cardiovascular disease.

However, the risk was not reduced for those who drank coffee throughout the day compared to those who did not drink coffee.

People who drank coffee in the morning, both moderate drinkers (2-3 cups) and heavy drinkers (more than 3 cups), benefited from a lower risk.

Those who drank less alcohol in the morning (one glass or less) benefited from a smaller risk reduction.

“This is the first study to test coffee drinking timing patterns and their health effects,” Professor Qi said.

“Our findings show that it’s not just whether or how much you drink coffee that matters, but the time of day you drink it.”

“We don’t usually give advice on timing in dietary guidance, but we might want to think about this in the future.”

“Further research is needed to validate the findings in other populations, and clinical trials are needed to test the potential effects of varying the times people drink coffee.”

of study Published today on european heart journal.

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Xuan Wang others. Timing of coffee drinking and mortality among U.S. adults. european heart journalpublished online on January 8, 2024. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae871

Source: www.sci.news

NHS’s Health Innovation Center Honors its Legacy and Embraces Future Innovations

In a life-size model of a house, a 50,000-pound mannequin capable of breathing, blinking, and coughing awaits a replica ambulance.

The remarkably lifelike technology developed by the model-makers who created the ‘bodies’ for the BBC’s Silent Witness integrates real-world training with simulated environments, including virtual reality, to enhance medical training and address the shortage of student lab time.

Kevin Reilly, technical services manager at the National Healthcare Innovation Center (NHIC), explains the capabilities of human patient simulation: “If you inject them, they’ll react. If they collapse your lungs and intubate you, your lips will become cyanotic. Even in worsening scenarios, we can resuscitate them exactly as we would a real patient.”

Yorkshire and the Humber region has the highest level of overweight individuals, the second highest infant mortality rate, and the third lowest life expectancy in the UK. NHIC, located at the University of Huddersfield in West Yorkshire, aims to alleviate NHS staffing shortages, address inequality, and promote regeneration.

NHIC, spanning seven buildings upon completion, plans to serve a population of 7 million people from South Yorkshire to Greater Manchester, offering state-of-the-art facilities and innovative healthcare solutions.

The NHIC celebrates the history of the NHS while looking towards the future, honoring individuals like Daphne Steele, the first black hostel director in Britain, through the newly opened simulation facility.

The center’s innovative approach to medical training includes a ‘community house’ within the Daphne Steele building, allowing trainees to practice in realistic scenarios with a range of mannequins.

NHIC also addresses the need for healthcare workers, including nurses, paramedics, and podiatrists, in the face of NHS staffing challenges.

Local connections and a focus on skill development relevant to the region distinguish Huddersfield as a prime location for medical training, with the NHIC viewed as a groundbreaking project in the North of England.

Robert Steele, son of NHS worker Daphne Steele, praises NHIC’s tribute to his mother’s legacy, recalling her impactful career in healthcare that garnered global recognition.

Source: www.theguardian.com

20 Simple Steps to Enhance Your Health: Findings from the Largest Study of 2024

If you are not only keeping up with the health news of this year, but also following all its recommendations, you are on your way to a truly healthy life.

First, you have probably adjusted your eating habits. Maybe you have been motivated to go vegan after reading an article that claims a diet can reverse your biological age in just eight weeks, or because scientists have found that in combination with exercise, weight loss can be achieved. You might have experimented with intermittent fasting.

You could have opted for a Mediterranean diet to keep your brain young, or increased your fiber intake to make up for a deficiency that most people supposedly have, according to scientists.

Adopting a vegan diet for just 8 weeks can change DNA methylation patterns and reduce biological age – Image credit: Getty Images

It is equally possible that conflicting evidence has led you in a different direction. After all, one study linked intermittent fasting to a 91 percent higher risk of cardiovascular death, and another warned of cancerous mutations during the post-fasting eating period. Several major studies are also reconsidering calorie restriction as the best way to extend lifespan.

Even the negative reputation of ultra-processed foods was a topic of debate. One study showed that avoiding ultra-processed foods reduced the risk of cognitive decline by 12 percent, but a 30-year Harvard University study suggested that ultra-processed foods are not as harmful as we believe.

If you have given up on your diet altogether, we don’t blame you. Ultimately, it was the new weight-loss medications, including those initially in pill form and an alternative to Ozempic that does not cause muscle loss, that gained significant attention.

Early indications of “exercise drugs” brought hope even to those who are unable to be physically active. While some researchers were encouraged by two studies suggesting that walking alone can improve cardiovascular health and reduce back pain, others found that just one exercise session per week could reduce cognitive decline by 13 percent.

More than 50% of men will be bald by the age of 50. A breakthrough in 2024 could change things – Image courtesy of Getty

Scientists claim that the anti-aging solution is within our bodies, as they have discovered that white blood cells can be reprogrammed to target and eliminate senescent cells. Elsewhere, the Atlas of Aging explains why our muscles weaken as we age and how this process can be halted.

Furthermore, a British study found that a simple intervention dramatically reduced peanut allergy rates by 71 percent.

Meanwhile, new possibilities have emerged in the field of hair removal after researchers revealed that a naturally occurring sugar in the human body can help treat male pattern baldness.

In the medical field, a new breath test that can detect lung cancer early is showing promise, and an Irish research team believes they have developed a way to vaccinate against eczema.

Researchers have developed a respiratory sensor that can detect early signs of lung cancer by identifying specific chemical changes, providing a simple, non-invasive screening method – Image courtesy of Getty Images

In positive news, a survey reveals that life is not solely about money. Some of the world’s poorest regions, which rely on nature rather than income, reported higher life satisfaction scores than countries at the top of the World Happiness Index (such as Finland, Denmark, and Iceland).

There was also one health news item that did not offer any new information. It is already known that spending time with dogs can increase your sense of well-being and brain wave activity. We certainly take that advice to heart…or head to the park to play.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Don’t focus on looks, prioritize skin care for your health

Dr. Jeremy Burgess/Science Photo Library

Our skin is not only our largest organ, but also the one we are most familiar with. We see it, touch it, wash it, and inspect it all the time. Nevertheless, when thinking about taking care of it, our minds often jump to aesthetics. We are inundated with advertisements for lotions and drugs that promise to improve our appearance, as if sexual appeal is all that matters to this special organ.

But there are many reasons to take care of your skin beyond cosmetic concerns. According to new research, this condition can have ripple effects on other parts of the body. Because blood vessels run densely beneath the surface, inflammation that starts in the skin can easily spread to the heart and brain, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and dementia. Wrinkles don't just reflect our age, they can actually accelerate the aging process. Therefore, you should think of skin care like exercise. The best reason to take care of your skin isn't for appearance, but for the undeniable health benefits.

Therefore, keeping the epidermis in good condition should be a top priority for anyone who wants to increase their chances of living a long life. That's why we've created a special report summarizing what we know about the best ways to care for your epidermis (see Why caring for your skin is so important to your long-term health).

Taking a scientific approach helps you make informed decisions about new products

As evidence mounts about the importance of skin to general health, research on how to care for it is moving from a marketing campaign for health care products to the realm of proper scientific research.

For example, certain foods have been shown to reduce damage from air pollution and the sun's UV rays, and more regular contact with nature may help nurture your microbiome. Taking a scientific approach can also help you evaluate new trends and fashions, allowing you to make informed decisions about products and services that are proven to work, not just claims of quick fixes. Masu.

Beauty may not be superficial, but our desire to protect our bodies from the outside and inside is never shallow. It may save our skin in various ways.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Improving Nature, Climate, and Health Simultaneously through a Unified Approach

Tree-planting projects help tackle the climate crisis, but they can also impact water supplies

Cost Photo/NurPhoto

The major environmental, social and economic crises facing the world today, including biodiversity, climate change, health, food, and water, are closely linked, and we must work together to tackle them. has many advantages. However, focusing on just one issue can exacerbate other crises.

This is the conclusion of a major report compiled by 165 researchers from 57 countries and approved by 147 governments over the past three years.

United Nations conventions on issues such as biodiversity and climate focus on these issues separately. “So what we will do now in this report, which has not been done before, is to combine all of these and make sure that looking at these crises individually is not only inefficient, but actually the real danger. “It's about showing what's involved,” he says. paula harrison He co-chaired the evaluation process for the report at the UK Center for Ecology and Hydrology. “Action is urgent, but unless we act in a way that takes these interdependencies into account, we will create new problems or exacerbate existing ones.”

Mr Harrison said the scientific studies assessed for this report provide strong evidence that there are a number of actionable actions that can have beneficial effects on all five areas simultaneously. . These include conserving and restoring mangrove forests, improving soil health and carbon content, creating early warning systems for all kinds of hazards, reducing the risk of disease spread from animals to humans, and universal health insurance. It includes international cooperation on technology related to the problem.

There is a trade-off. Actions that have broad benefits are not the same as actions that are the best solution to a particular problem, she says.

“What you can’t do is get the best value possible at the same time,” Harrison says. “While we cannot optimize food production without negatively impacting everything else, we can take a balanced approach that benefits all.”

Harrison gives the example of planting trees to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. If the focus is solely on climate, the trees selected are likely to be fast-growing non-native species that do not support wildlife and affect water supplies by taking up too much water. However, if a project takes a more holistic approach, it may choose native tree species that use less water and increase biodiversity. “It may not sequester as much carbon, but it will add a lot of value to other aspects of the system,” Harrison says.

There are also economic benefits to integrated approaches that help conserve biodiversity and achieve other goals. nexus reportMore than half of the world's gross domestic product ($50 trillion), as it is officially known, states that it is moderately to highly dependent on nature.

“The unaccounted costs of our current approach to economic activity, including climate change impacts on biodiversity, water, health, and food production, are estimated to be at least $10 trillion to $25 trillion per year. It has been.” Pamela McElwee The other co-chair, a professor at Rutgers University in New Jersey, said in a statement.

“There is a lot of evidence that there are very strong and growing biophysical risks to economic prosperity and financial stability if we continue the way we are,” Harrison said.

The Nexus report was compiled by: Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)which is a non-UN body, but functions in a similar way to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The report was formally approved by representatives of the 147 IPBES member countries who met in Namibia on 16 December.

says the report is very ambitious Anne LarigoderlyExecutive Director of IPBES. Its purpose is to provide the science and evidence needed to support the achievement of other international conventions, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, and the Paris Agreement on climate change. , she says.

Source: www.newscientist.com

The Growing Health Hazard of Energy-Consuming AI

Texas data center is full of servers

Paul Moseley/Fort Worth Star-Telegram/Tribune News Service (via Getty Images)

Data centers could contribute to an estimated 600,000 asthma cases and 1,300 premature deaths per year by 2030 as data centers consume even more energy to meet the intensive computing needs of artificial intelligence. It accounts for more than one-third of annual asthma deaths in the United States.

“Public health impacts are direct and tangible impacts on people, and these impacts are significant and not limited to the narrow areas in which data centers operate.” Ren Xiaolei At the University of California, Riverside. “They affect people all over the country.”

Including Len and his colleagues Adam Wierman Caltech researchers based these estimates on data centers' projected power demands, which generate additional emissions and contribute to air pollution. Researchers say, for example, the electricity usage required to train a large-scale AI model can generate air pollutants equivalent to more than 10,000 round trips in a passenger car between Los Angeles and New York City. It is said that there is a sex.

To model the effects of these air pollution and emissions, researchers tool Provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. They estimated that nationally, total public health costs for data centers could exceed $20 billion by 2030. This is about twice the public health burden of the U.S. steel industry and could rival the health effects of exhaust fumes from tens of millions of cars in the largest countries. US states such as California.

Energy-intensive computing centers are already impacting public health. Researchers found that gas generators used as backup power for a facility in Virginia's Data Center Alley already caused 14,000 asthma symptoms per year, with generator emissions of just 10% per year. We estimate that it could impose public health costs of $220 million to $300 million. Cents at the level permitted by state authorities. At the maximum allowable level, total public health costs could increase tenfold, estimated at $2 billion or $3 billion annually. These problems not only affect local residents, but also people in states as far away as Florida.

“Technology company [that operate] Data centers largely fail to include air pollutant standards in their sustainability reports, despite clear public health impacts, and data centers must self-regulate what they should report. cannot be determined. ” julie bolthouse at the Piedmont Environmental Council, a Virginia nonprofit.

Some high-tech companies rushing to build data centers are supporting low-emission energy sources, funding the construction of renewable energy projects, and investing in both conventional nuclear power plants and new reactor technology. There are some places where there are. But for now, many data centers still rely heavily on fossil fuel electricity such as natural gas, and previous research has predicted that by 2030, data centers will be roughly equivalent to one state in the United States and another in California. It has been suggested that this could increase gas demand.

“The questions about the impact of artificial intelligence and data center computing on health are important,” he says. benjamin lee at the University of Pennsylvania. He called the paper “the first to estimate and quantify these costs in dollar terms,” ​​but the underlying approximations and assumptions behind the specific numbers remain to be determined by additional research. He also warned that it needed to be verified.

topic:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Is doomscrolling truly deteriorating our mental health? The evidence points towards an undeniable truth

IIf you want to witness the last vestiges of human intelligence swirling down the drain, just hold your nose and type these words:Skibidi toilet” to YouTube. The 11-second video features an animated human head sticking out of a toilet bowl while singing the gibberish lyrics, “Skibbidi dop dop yes yes.” The clip has been viewed more than 215 million times and generated hundreds of millions of references on TikTok and other social media.

It's only fitting, then, that the Oxford English Dictionary has announced “brain rot” as the word of the year. As an abstract concept, brain rot is something we are all vaguely aware of. The dictionary defines it as “an assumed mental or intellectual state of a person, especially seen as a result of overconsumption of material (now especially online content) considered trivial or unchallenging” is defined as “deterioration''. But few people realize how much technology is literally rotting our brains, and how compulsive internet use is destroying our gray matter.

Brain rot was foreshadowed about 20 years ago when scientists studied the effects of a new invention called “email,” specifically the effects of a relentless barrage of information on the brains of its participants. result? Continuous cognitive overload was more harmful than cannabis consumption, with participants' IQs dropping by an average of 10 points.

and this is before The advent of smartphones has made the internet so readily available that the average adult in the UK now spends at least 4 hours a day online (Gen Z men spend 5.5 hours online per day; Gen Z women spend 6.5 hours online).

In recent years, there has been a wealth of academic research from institutions such as Harvard Medical School, Oxford University, and King's College London. found the evidence What is the Internet? shrink our gray matter, shorten attention spanweakens memory and distorts cognitive processes. The areas of the brain found to be affected include “attentional capacity,” “memory processes,” and “social cognition” is included.

Paper after paper tells us how vulnerable we are to internet-induced brain rot. “High levels of internet use and heavy media multitasking are associated with decreased gray matter in the prefrontal cortex.” find one. People who are addicted to the Internetstructural changes in the brain” and “reduced gray [sic] Case” Some scholars even refer to the use of too much technology during the developing brain as “dangerous.”digital dementia”.

2018, 10 years of data Analyzed by a leading memory psychologist Researchers at Stanford University found that people who frequently use multiple online platforms have shorter memory and attention spans.

Yet we seem to be doing little to stem the tide. Earl Miller, a neuroscientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a world expert on divided attention, predicts that by 2022 we are currently living in a “perfect storm of cognitive decline.” I warned you. Dr. Gloria Mark, Professor of Information Studies, University of California, Author attention spanwe found evidence of how dramatically our ability to concentrate has declined. In 2004, her research team found that the average attention span on any screen is two and a half minutes. In 2012 it was 75 seconds. Six years ago, it was down to 47 seconds. “I think this is something that we should be very concerned about as a society,” she says. talked about it on the podcast In 2023.

But if technology is making us less intelligent, we are not entirely to blame. After all, it is designed to completely captivate us. Silicon Valley's dirtiest design feature, and once you find it, it's everywhere: infinite scroll. Likened to “”fartbottomless soup bowl” In an experiment, participants continued to eat from the soup bowl without thinking if they kept refilling it. Online feeds that are constantly “replenished” manipulate the brain’s dopaminergic reward system in a similar way. These powerful dopamine-driven endless “exploration” loops become addicted.

What happens if we fail to address cognitive decline? Tristan Harris, former Google design ethicist told the US Congress In 2019, billions of people, with a “psychological footprint roughly the size of Christianity,” now receive information from the platform, but the business model is such that “revenue is tied to attention.” “This creates a “race to the bottom of the brainstem.'' Hack our lizard brains to get attention, trigger dopamine, fear, anger, and win. ”

His warning is the most severe yet. “Persuasion technology is a hugely undervalued but powerful force shaping the world,” he said. “It controls the pen of human history, and if we don't take it back, it will destroy us.”

The term brain rot has been popularized online by young people most at risk of its effects. The fact that those most at risk are the most aware of the problem is encouraging news. The first step to change is understanding the problem. And there is reason to be hopeful. In recent years, teenagers have turned their attention to Danphones. Childhood without smartphones;Green is budding towards a future where we can reclaim our hearts. After all, perhaps Skibidi Toilet has a more poignant meaning, a recognition of where human intelligence currently stands. You can now proceed in one of two directions: upwards or through a U-bend.

Source: www.theguardian.com

The Impact of AI Monitoring on Reducing Stillbirths and Neonatal Deaths at a Clinic in Malawi

WEllen Kafamtengo felt a sharp pain in her lower abdomen and thought she might be going into labor. It was the ninth month of her first pregnancy, but she wasn’t taking any chances. With the help of her mother, the 18-year-old took a motorbike taxi and raced to a hospital in Malawi’s capital Lilongwe, a 20-minute drive away.

At Area 25 Health Center, she was told it was a false alarm and taken to the maternity ward. But when a routine ultrasound reveals that the baby is much smaller than expected at this stage of pregnancy, things quickly escalate, leading to suffocation, a condition that limits blood flow and oxygen to the baby may cause.

In Malawi, approx. 19 out of 1,000 babies Death occurs during childbirth or within the first month of birth. Childbirth asphyxia is the leading cause of neonatal death in this country and can result in brain damage to newborns with long-term effects such as developmental delays and cerebral palsy.

Doctors reclassified Ms Kafamtengo, who was expected to have a normal delivery, as a high-risk patient. Further tests using AI-powered fetal monitoring software revealed that the baby’s heart rate was slow. Stress tests revealed that the baby would not survive delivery.




Chikondi Chiweza, head of maternal and child care at Area 25 Health Center in Lilongwe, said: Photo: Provided by Halma plc

Chikondi Chiweza, the hospital’s head of maternal and child care, knew she had less than 30 minutes to deliver Kafamtengo’s baby by caesarean section. Having delivered thousands of babies in some of the city’s busiest public hospitals, she was well aware of how quickly a baby’s chances of survival can change during delivery.

Chiweza, who gave birth to Kafamtengo’s baby healthy, says the fetal monitoring program has made a huge difference to hospital births.

“[In Kaphamtengo’s case]we wouldn’t have realized what we did until later or as a stillborn baby,” she says.

Software donated by a birth safety technology company Perigen Through a partnership with the Malawi Ministry of Health, Texas Children’s Hospitaltracks your baby’s vital signs during delivery, giving clinicians early warning of abnormalities.
Since it began using the system three years ago, the number of stillbirths and neonatal deaths at the center has fallen by 82%. It is the only hospital in the country that has introduced this technology.

“The period around birth is the most dangerous for mothers and babies,” says Jeffrey Wilkinson, an obstetrician at Texas Children’s Hospital who leads the program. “Most deaths can be prevented by ensuring the baby’s safety during the birth process.”

AI monitoring systems require less time, equipment, and skilled staff than traditional fetal monitoring methods, making them essential for hospitals in low-income countries such as Malawi, which face severe health worker shortages. Routine fetal monitoring often relies on a doctor performing routine tests. This means that while the AI-assisted program provides continuous, real-time monitoring, important information may be missed during the interval. Traditional tests also require doctors to interpret raw data from various devices, which can be time-consuming and error-prone.

Area 25’s maternity ward handles approximately 8,000 births annually with a staff of 80 physicians. While only about 10% are trained to perform traditional electronic monitoring, most can detect abnormalities using AI software, helping doctors recognize higher-risk or more complicated births. Masu. Hospital staff also say that the use of AI has standardized key aspects of obstetric care in the clinic, such as interpreting fetal health status and deciding when to intervene.

Kafamutengo, who is excited to become a new mother, believes that doctors’ intervention may have saved her baby’s life. “They realized early enough that my baby was suffering and were able to take action,” she said as she held her son, Justice.

Doctors at the hospital hope the technology will be introduced to other hospitals in Malawi and across Africa.

“AI technology is being used in many fields, and saving the lives of babies is no exception,” Chiweza said. “We can really close the gap in the quality of care available to underserved populations.”

Source: www.theguardian.com

New review highlights the numerous health benefits of staying well-hydrated

Drinking enough water can help with weight loss and prevent kidney stones as well as migraines, urinary tract infections, and low blood pressure, according to a new systematic review of 18 randomized clinical trials.

A systematic review of 18 randomized clinical trials found that interventions that increased water intake (or decreased intake in some studies) were associated with statistically significant increases in weight loss and reductions in kidney stone events. A single study suggested benefits related to migraine prevention, urinary tract infections, diabetes management, and lower blood pressure, but did not reach statistical significance. Image credit: Günther.

Water is a major component of the human body and is considered an essential nutrient that cannot be produced in sufficient quantities through metabolism.

The National Academy of Medicine recommends a daily fluid intake of approximately 13 8-ounce cups for men and 9 cups for women.

A common public health recommendation is to drink 8 cups of water per day, but the evidence supporting this is not clear.

Determining a single optimal daily water intake is a difficult concept, given the wide variation in body weight, activity levels, and health status at the population level, and the numerous mechanisms that regulate water balance.

Because of the known negative effects of dehydration, behavioral factors and hydration status have been widely studied in relation to health conditions.

Professor Benjamin Breyer of the University of California, San Francisco, and colleagues aimed to summarize the evidence from randomized clinical trials on the effects of increasing daily water intake on health-related outcomes.

“We wanted to take a closer look at such a ubiquitous and simple intervention, as the evidence is not clear and the benefits are not well established,” Professor Breyer said.

“Although the amount of rigorous research turned out to be limited, there were statistically significant benefits in some specific areas.”

“To our knowledge, this is the first study to broadly evaluate the benefits of water intake on clinical outcomes.”

Researchers have found the most evidence supporting drinking water to prevent kidney stones and lose weight.

Drinking 8 cups of water a day significantly reduced the chance of kidney stones recurring.

Some studies have found that drinking about 6 glasses of water a day can help adults lose weight.

However, a study of adolescents found that drinking just over 8 cups of water a day had no effect.

Still, encouraging people to drink water before meals is a simple and inexpensive intervention that could have significant benefits, given the rise in obesity.

Other studies have shown that water can help prevent migraines, manage diabetes and low blood pressure, and prevent urinary tract infections.

Adults with recurring headaches felt better after drinking more water for three months.

Drinking about 4 more cups of water a day helped diabetics with elevated blood sugar levels.

Drinking an additional 6 cups of water per day also helped women with recurrent urinary tract infections. The number of infected people has decreased and the time between infections has increased.

And drinking more water helped young people with low blood pressure.

“Dehydration has been shown to be particularly harmful for people with a history of kidney stones or urinary tract infections,” says Professor Breyer.

“On the other hand, people who sometimes suffer from frequent urination may benefit from drinking less alcohol. There is no one-size-fits-all approach when it comes to water consumption.”

of the team paper Published in a magazine JAMA network open.

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Nizar Hakam others. 2024. Results of randomized clinical trials testing changes in daily fluid intake: a systematic review. JAMA Net Open 7 (11): e2447621;doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.47621

Source: www.sci.news

TikTok Implements Restrictions on Beauty Filters for Teens Due to Mental Health Concerns

Teenagers are facing new restrictions on beauty filters on TikTok that are aimed at addressing concerns about increasing anxiety and decreasing self-esteem.

In the near future, users under 18 will not be able to use filters that artificially alter features like enlarging eyes, plumping lips, or changing skin color.

Filters such as “Bold Glamor” that significantly alter a user’s appearance will be affected, while simple comic filters like bunny ears or dog noses will remain available. The changes were announced by TikTok during a safety forum at its European headquarters in Dublin.

Despite these restrictions, the effectiveness depends on users accurately providing their age on the platform.


Beauty filters on TikTok, whether provided by the platform or created by users, are a source of concern as they pressure teenagers, especially girls, to conform to unrealistic beauty standards and can lead to negative emotional impacts. Some young users have reported feeling insecure about their real appearance after using filters.

TikTok will also enhance its systems to prevent users under 13 from accessing the platform, potentially resulting in the removal of thousands of underage British users. An automated age detection system using machine learning will be piloted by the end of the year.

These actions come in response to stricter regulations on minors’ social media use under the Online Safety Act in the UK. TikTok already deletes millions of underage accounts globally each quarter.

Chloe Setter, head of public policy for child safety at TikTok, stated that they aim for faster detection and removal of underage users, understanding that this might be inconvenient for some young people.

Ofcom’s report from last December highlighted TikTok’s removal of underage users and raised concerns about the effectiveness of age verification enforcement. TikTok plans to implement a strict age limit of 13+ for social media users next summer.

Social media platforms will introduce new rules regarding beauty filters and age verification, anticipating stricter regulations on online safety in the future. These adjustments are part of broader efforts to enhance online safety.

Other platforms like Roblox and Instagram are also implementing measures to enhance child safety, reflecting a growing concern about the impact of social media on young users.

Andy Burrows, CEO of the Molly Rose Foundation, emphasized the importance of transparent age verification measures and the need to address harmful content promoted on social media platforms.

The NSPCC welcomed measures to protect underage users but stressed the need for comprehensive solutions to ensure age-appropriate experiences for all users.

Source: www.theguardian.com

The harmful effects of certain kitchen utensils on health

Some kitchen appliances have become popular in our kitchens due to their cost-effectiveness, durability, and easy cleaning. However, recent studies indicate that certain food staples like black plastic utensils, plastic cutting boards, and nonstick pots may release harmful substances into our food. This is not the kind of seasoning we want in our healthy, nutritious meals.

So, what are the risks associated with these kitchen tools, and what are the safer alternatives available?

Issues with Plastic Utensils

Many of us may have a set of black plastic spatulas, spoons, and ladles tucked away in our kitchen drawers. New research reveals that these items can potentially leach toxic flame retardants like decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE) into our food.

These chemicals were originally used in electronics to reduce fire risks but are now present in black plastic kitchen utensils made from recycled electronic waste.


Another study found that 85 percent of black plastic household items examined, including fast food trays, children’s toys, and kitchen utensils, contained toxic flame retardants, with the highest levels found in kitchen utensils.

DecaBDE is particularly harmful, linked to cancer, hormonal disorders, thyroid issues, developmental problems in children, neurobehavioral effects, and toxicity in the reproductive and immune systems. Due to these concerns, it was banned in the UK in 2018 and in the US in 2021.

Researchers estimate that people may be exposed to an average of 34.7 ppm of deca-BDE daily through recycled black plastic kitchen utensils, posing a significant health risk as the chemicals can accumulate in the body over time.

Instead of using black plastic utensils, consider switching to safer alternatives like stainless steel or food-grade silicone options.

Cutting Board and Microplastics

Plastic cutting boards, although seemingly harmless, can release microplastics into our food. These small particles, known as microplastics, can be ingested unintentionally and pose health risks.

Recent research suggests that cutting boards made of polypropylene and polyethylene can release up to 1,114 microplastic particles with just one cut, leading to potential health issues related to microplastic ingestion.

Replacing plastic cutting boards with bamboo or wood alternatives can help reduce these health risks, as these materials are naturally resistant to bacteria and environmentally friendly.

The Truth about Nonstick Cookware

Nonstick pans are favored by many home cooks for their convenience, but the chemicals used in these coatings, such as PFAS, raise health concerns. While modern nonstick pans are considered safe, there are uncertainties about their long-term impacts, especially when exposed to high temperatures or damage.

Be cautious with nonstick pans to prevent overheating, which can release toxic fumes and particles. Scratches or damage to the coating can also release harmful substances into food.

Consider using alternative cookware options like stainless steel or cast iron to avoid potential health risks associated with nonstick pans.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

The Ultimate Guide to Edible Oils: Understanding Their Impact on Your Health

Whether you're roasting a chicken in the oven, browning onions in a skillet, or choosing a spread for your toast, oil is at the heart of our culinary endeavors.

The choices are dizzying. Around 30 different oils are currently used in cooking, from sunflower to flaxseed, avocado to coconut. Deciding which one to use can have a big impact on your health, including your cholesterol, blood pressure, and risk of cardiovascular disease.

If the headlines are to be believed, palm oil is obsolete, sunflower oil is in limbo, and there seems to be no end to the benefits extra virgin olive oil can bring to our plates. But are these claims backed by solid science, and how do the health impacts of these products compare to their environmental costs?

Saturated or unsaturated?

First, let's talk about chemistry. Edible oil contains fat, which is made up of long chains of carbon atoms. Saturated fats found in red meat and dairy products are so named because each carbon atom is connected to the next carbon atom by a single bond. The remaining electrons of each carbon atom are available to form bonds with hydrogen atoms, and the molecule becomes completely “saturated” with this element. This structure makes these fats very hard and stable, which is why butter and lard are solid at room temperature.

Unsaturated fats, which are commonly found in plants and fatty fish, have at least one double bond between adjacent carbon atoms, which reduces the number of bonds.

Source: www.newscientist.com

Are fermented foods like kimchi and kombucha truly beneficial for gut health?

Korean traditional fermented appetizer kimchi cabbage salad and sticks in ceramic bowl on gray spotted background. Lay flat, space. Shutterstock ID 1343369669;Purchase order: -;Work: -;Client: -;Other: -

Shutterstock/Natasha Breen

Humans have been fermenting foods and drinks for at least 13,000 years and touting their health benefits for almost as long. However, even though we have a long history with these foods, we are only just beginning to determine whether these foods are actually beneficial to our health.

But unlike our ancestors, we now know how fermentation works. Microorganisms such as certain yeasts and bacteria break down the sugars in grains, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products in ways that prevent them from spoiling and create their unique flavors. But what does this mean for our health?

This article is part of a series on nutrition that delves into today’s hottest trends. Click here for details.

Many studies have shown that fermented foods, especially dairy versions, Reduced risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity. for example, 2023 survey A study of more than 46,000 adults living in the United States found that eating fermented foods was associated with lower blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference.

However, much of the research lumps all types of fermented foods together, and given the health effects of these products, it is likely that people who consume fermented foods are also more likely to take care of their health in other ways. I understand. Both of these factors make it difficult to determine what is actually driving the observed benefits.

benefits of yogurt

However, the most likely case is yogurt. Many large-scale studies have linked its consumption to: Improving immunityimprove bone density and longevity, and reduce the risk of: cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure. However, determining cause and effect from these observations…

Source: www.newscientist.com

The Victorian Era’s Affinity for Smoking: Uncovering its Effects on Bone Health

Recent archaeological findings indicate that smoking not only stains teeth but also has a literal impact on bones. Additionally, new research suggests that the prevalence of smoking among women in Georgian and Victorian England may have been underestimated compared to men.

In a study conducted by Dr. Sarah Inskip, it was discovered that many women in historical records showed traces of tobacco use, contradicting common beliefs about smoking habits. This finding highlights the importance of considering smoking as a significant health risk for both men and women.


The survey results published in a scientific journal suggest that advancements in analyzing bones for historical information can also aid in modern criminal investigations. By identifying smoking patterns and other lifestyle aspects from bone samples, researchers can create biological profiles to assist in identifying individuals in forensic cases.

Researchers have identified specific molecular markers in bones that indicate smoking habits. By analyzing skeletal remains from different time periods, they found evidence of tobacco use in a significant portion of individuals, including those dating back to the 12th century.

These findings provide valuable insights into the historical prevalence of smoking and its impact on individuals’ health. The research team’s work opens up new possibilities for understanding past health issues and potentially improving modern health outcomes.

About our experts

Dr. Sarah Inskip, a researcher at the University of Leicester and a UKRI Future Leaders Fellow, has published her research in prestigious journals such as nature communications, archaeology and anthropology, and American Journal of Physical Anthropology.

read more:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Research shows that eating strawberries regularly could boost heart health and help control cholesterol levels

According to one researcher, daily consumption of strawberries (1-4 cups per day) improves lipid metabolism and inflammatory outcomes in people at high cardiovascular risk. new review paper Published in a magazine Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.

Strawberries are a natural and delicious way to support heart health and manage cholesterol. Image credit: D. Сroisy.

“Strawberries contain a number of potentially health-promoting phytonutrients, including phenols, polyphenols, fiber, micronutrients, and vitamins,” said Roberta Holt, a researcher at the University of California, Davis, and colleagues.

“The purpose of our review is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent human studies on the effects of strawberry and strawberry phytonutrient intake on human health.”

For the review, the authors conducted a literature search through the PubMed and Cochrane databases.

They combined results from 60 papers (47 clinical trials and 13 observational studies) published from 2000 to 2023.

They found that strawberries are rich in beneficial phytonutrients such as polyphenols and fiber, which help lower LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels while reducing inflammation.

The result is improved overall heart health and better management of cardiovascular risk factors.

Daily consumption of strawberries, whether in fresh, frozen, or freeze-dried form, can have a significant impact on cardiometabolic health, especially in those at high risk for heart disease.

Strawberries can help lower the risk of developing cardiovascular disease by improving lipid metabolism and reducing systemic inflammation.

“Our research shows that regular consumption of strawberries not only lowers cholesterol, but also helps reduce inflammation, a major contributing factor to heart disease,” Dr. Holt said.

“This means that simply adding a cup of strawberries to your daily routine can significantly reduce your risk of cardiovascular events.”

Beyond heart health, the team's review revealed exciting benefits for brain health.

The findings suggest that strawberries are rich in flavonoids, which may help slow cognitive decline and prevent dementia.

The researchers said, “Strawberries may support cognitive function and fight oxidative stress, which is an important factor in keeping the brain sharp as we age.”

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Phrae Charonwoodhipon others. strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) Intake on human health and disease outcomes: a comprehensive literature review. Critical reviews in food science and nutritionpublished online on September 11, 2024. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2398634

Source: www.sci.news

Study suggests that increasing caffeine intake can lead to better blood vessel health

In a study led by Sapienza University in Rome, caffeine intake was positively correlated with the proportion of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in lupus patients.

Orefice others. studied the role of caffeine intake on endothelial function in lupus patients by evaluating the effects of caffeine intake on circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Image credit: Sci.News.

Vascular disease, damage to blood vessels, and the resulting heart attacks and strokes are among the leading causes of death in the general population.

These risks are even higher in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.

This is due both to the disease itself and to some of its treatments, especially cortisone derivatives.

Until now, doctors’ recommendations for reducing these vascular risks have primarily been about avoiding risk factors.

This includes traditional recommendations such as smoking cessation, reducing cholesterol, and managing high blood pressure, as well as stopping inflammation and reducing the dose of cortisone medications.

But researchers at Rome’s Sapienza University think that doing something that’s actually fun may help patients improve their vascular health.

Research suggests that the caffeine found in coffee, tea, and cocoa helps regenerate the lining of blood vessels and actively supports endothelial progenitor cells, a group of cells involved in blood vessel growth.

Diets rich in vitamin D (found in fatty fish and eggs) and vitamin A (found in many fruits), polyunsaturated fatty acids and low in sodium appear to play a role in reducing inflammatory burden well known.

“We were also wondering about caffeine,” said Dr. Fulvia Ceccarelli and colleagues.

“In addition to its well-known stimulant effects on the body, caffeine also exerts anti-inflammatory effects because it binds to receptors expressed on the surface of immune cells.”

“The effects of caffeine intake on cardiovascular health have been widely investigated, but results are contradictory.”

The study authors surveyed 31 lupus patients without traditional cardiovascular risk factors using a 7-day dietary questionnaire.

After a week, the researchers drew blood from patent patients to measure blood vessel health.

They found that patients who consumed caffeine had better blood vessel health, as measured through the endothelial cells that form the critical lining of blood vessels.

“This study is an attempt to provide patients with information about the possible role of diet in controlling the disease,” said Dr. Ceccarelli.

“The results will need to be confirmed through longitudinal studies aimed at assessing the actual impact of coffee consumption on the course of the disease.”

of result Published in a magazine Rheumatology.

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Valeria Orefice others. Caffeine improves endothelial dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus by promoting survival of endothelial progenitor cells. Rheumatologypublished online October 9, 2024. doi: 10.1093/rheumatism/keae453

Source: www.sci.news

Hannah Fry reveals how technology can empower us in health, but cautions that data alone is not the full picture | Unlocking Hannah Fry’s Formula for Life

Throughout history, there have been many individuals who meticulously monitored their weight, but one of the most intriguing figures is Santorio Santorio. In the 1500s, he devoted his life to tracking his body, weighing everything he consumed and everything he excreted.

For a particular scientific investigation, he created what he called a sanctorian weighing chair – a chair placed next to the dining table on a steel scale that closely monitored one’s weight.

His theory was based on the idea that individuals could maintain their weight by consuming the same amount that their bodies expelled (urine, feces, sweat, or what he referred to as “insensible sweat”). If it detected overeating, the chair would lower, making it impossible to reach the food. This would prevent further consumption until the end of the meal.

Despite being mocked at the time, Santorio’s concept had merit. The notion of a personalized, experimental, and quantitative approach to health is undeniably appealing.

Nearly two centuries later, Benjamin Franklin, inspired by Santorio, meticulously recorded his dietary intake and compiled a list of all 13 of his virtues. He marked them whenever he committed an immoral act, monitoring and quantifying his life in great detail.

In the modern era, individuals have pushed boundaries with technology to track various aspects of their lives. For instance, a Reddit user created a beautiful visualization depicting a baby’s sleep and wake times during the initial months of life.

Samsung Galaxy Z Flip6
Take your health tracking to the next level with Galaxy AI
If you want to stay healthy, pairing Samsung’s Galaxy Z Flip6 with a Samsung Galaxy wearable is easy. and free samsung health The app allows users to track sleep patterns, heart rate, blood pressure, and calories. This information can be used to manage your health condition. energy score – Daily measurements of your physical and mental energy and readiness with Galaxy AI. Alternatively, you can engage in a calming meditation program on mindfulness and relaxation.

The advancement of wearables has made monitoring our health easier than ever. With technology, we can now effortlessly track various health metrics. AI-powered wearables connected to smartphone apps can monitor sleep patterns, blood oxygen levels, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Having access to objective numbers and data can be reassuring. It can serve as a motivator for achieving our health goals and connecting with communities that prioritize health tracking and accountability. However, it’s essential not to prioritize tracking numbers over happiness and well-being.

When it comes to fitness, remember that numbers are merely proxies for what truly matters. Each individual is unique, and responses to external stimuli vary. While trackers can provide insights into what is “normal” for a person, this data should be used to inform rather than dictate health status. Human bodies are complex and should not be reduced to mere data points.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Effects of Vacuum Cleaner Usage on Penis Health

Hold on

Reader Simon Leech responded cheerfully to Feedback magazine’s call for papers that “the title tells you all you need to know” by saying, “Well, that’s what you wanted!”

“That” is, British Medical Journal In 1980 “Penis injury caused by vacuum cleaner”.

“The title says it all you need to know,” says Leach, “but the report also answers every question you could possibly imagine. The final sentence sums it up: ‘The present patient may have thought his penis would not hit the fan, but the freshness of the experience drove him to disastrous results.'” Leach adds: “As junior doctors, we BMJ I think you should try harder, we are all reading this!”

Feedback argues that, whether professional or personal, we should love our vacuum cleaners wisely, but not too much. If you know of another research paper with a title as satisfying as this, please send it to Telltale titles, c/o Feedback.

How to Remove a Cyst

Shiheng Zhao and Pierre Haas grab the reader’s attention with the title of their study. “The mechanism of puncturing the cyst”Once that’s done, they change to a less civilised tone.

Chao and Haas, from two of the three Max Planck Institutes in Dresden, Germany, demonstrate a way of running a discussion that minimizes the unpleasant parts and maximizes the technical parts.

“Similar to poking fruit samples in the supermarket to assess their edibility, indenting biological samples reveals mechanical properties that are intrinsically related to their biological function,” they write.

After that, “Pushing force and debt And the displacement e “Deformation characteristics of the indenter” and “Calculation of the elastic deformation gradient”

If you have an interesting skin condition but your friends hate you for telling them about it, try using Zhao and Haas’s elegant phraseology: A cyst, they point out, is simply “a spherical monolayer of polarized cells surrounding a fluid-filled lumen.”

Meat burger

Hundreds of Hamburgers in the city of Hamburg, Germany, answered a survey about three different types of sausages. They were selected Hamburgers, all of whom belonged to a certain age group.

The senders of the survey, Stephan GH Meyerding and Magdalena Cooper from the University of Applied Sciences Hamburg, limited the questions to types of sausage: “meat, plant-based or in vitro salami.”

Of the three types of salami, meat-based is the most traditional, but plant-based versions have also grown in popularity over the past few decades, with test-tube salami made using stem cells being the newest, and still making its way from the lab to the dinner table.

What is the researcher’s goal? “Explaining food choices of German Generations Y and Z through core dimensions of meat-eating habits scale.”.

Judging from their data, the conclusion seems clear: “A majority of German Gen Y and Gen Z members prefer vegan meat to real meat, and cultured meat is more popular than beef and pork.”

The verdict seems less convincing than if new studies had been conducted a few years later: “Cultured meat is still unknown and not yet available on the German market,” the researchers say.

Eat the liver

New evidence supports the age-old complaint that children don’t want to listen to adults. “Kids don’t want to eat what they should be eating…” According to the title of Villa Reka Nickel’s study on child nutrition.

Nickel is based at the Institute of Ethnology in Budapest and has been researching the history of “Public Meals for Hungarian Children”.

During that time, the country’s eating habits and food preparation practices changed dramatically, due to “the obligation to provide public meals and general work obligations”, the study said.

Nickel illustrates their problem with hate using photos, one of which is captioned, “Fried breaded luncheon meat and creamed split peas are one of the school lunch ‘staples,’ but they were never the most popular school lunch.”

There are certain meals that many children are reluctant to eat, and Nikel has investigated this harassment in detail: “In our research, fried liver was one such meal. In Eger, they dealt with this problem by serving only rice if the child did not want liver. In Özd, children were not given this option. When I asked about the possibility of serving children as much food as they wanted, the food service manager in Özd drew my attention to an important fact: ‘It’s illegal. Parents pay for it.'”

Statistics and Baboons

“Can non-human primates perform linear regression on graphs?” ask Lorenzo Ciccione and his colleagues in their study “Baboons as statisticians.” Their tentative answer is that, to some extent, they can, but the extent to which they can “depends on the individual.”

Marc Abrahams is the founder of the Ig Nobel Prize ceremony and co-founder of the journal Annals of Improbable Research. He previously worked on unusual uses of computers. His website is Impossible.

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Experience the Healing Benefits of Forest Bathing for Better Health – Here’s How

Forest bathing is an ancient Japanese therapeutic technique dating back to the 1980s. It involves spending restorative time in forests and natural environments to connect with nature and achieve sensory relaxation. Despite sounding like hippie nonsense, there is scientific evidence emerging that supports the benefits of forest bathing.

This practice does not involve any nudity or water activities; instead, it encourages mindfulness, disconnecting from technology, light exercise, and escaping the sensory overload of the modern world. Research has shown that spending time in nature can have a positive impact on mental and physical health, reducing blood pressure, cortisol levels, and heart rate.

Studies on green space exposure have demonstrated significant improvements in various health markers, such as lower rates of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Forest bathing is taken seriously in Japan and South Korea, where doctors prescribe it as a therapeutic intervention for stress and hypertension.

A UK study on forest bathing led by Dr. Kirsten McEwan has shown promising results, including a 12% improvement in heart rate variability and enhanced mood. The mechanism behind these health benefits is believed to involve the stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system and the release of chemicals by trees that boost the immune system.

Nature’s impact on long-term health outcomes is still being studied, but initial findings suggest that spending time in nature can have significant health benefits. Perhaps Western medicine is beginning to recognize and embrace the benefits of traditional practices like forest bathing, aligning with generations of knowledge that being outside in nature is good for overall well-being.

About our experts

Dr. Kirsten McEwan, Associate Professor of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Derby, is leading research on forest bathing through the Forest Therapy Hub.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Introducing EBCare: A Revolutionary Smart Mask for Monitoring Metabolic and Respiratory Health

Recent respiratory disease epidemics have attracted a lot of attention, yet most respiratory monitoring is limited to physical signals. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is packed with rich molecular information that can reveal various insights into an individual's health. Now, Professor Wei Gao and colleagues at California Institute of Technology have developed EBCare, a mask-based device that monitors EBC biomarkers in real time. For example, the EBCare mask can monitor asthma patients for their levels of nitrite, a chemical that indicates airway inflammation.

This diagram shows how the smart mask detects breathed chemicals, such as nitrite, an indicator of airway inflammation. Images by Wei Gao and Wenzheng Heng, Caltech.

“Monitoring a patient's breathing is routinely done, for example to assess asthma and other respiratory diseases,” Prof Gao said.

“However, this method requires patients to visit a clinic to have a sample taken and then wait for the test results.”

“Since COVID-19, people have started wearing masks. We can leverage this increased use of masks for remote, personalized monitoring to get real-time feedback on one's health from the comfort of one's own home or office.”

“For example, we could use this information to evaluate how effective a medical treatment is.”

To selectively analyze the chemicals and molecules in your breath, you first need to cool them down and condense them into a liquid.

In a clinical setting, this cooling step is separate from the analysis: Moistbreath samples are cooled in a bucket of ice or a large refrigerated cooler.

The EBCare mask, on the other hand, is self-cooling, according to the team.

The breath is cooled by a passive cooling system that integrates hydrogel evaporative cooling and radiative cooling to effectively cool the breath on the facemask.

“This mask represents a new paradigm for respiratory and metabolic disease management and precision medicine because wearing it daily allows for easy collection of breath samples and real-time analysis of exhaled chemical molecules,” said Wen-zheng Heng, a graduate student at the California Institute of Technology.

“Breath condensate contains soluble gases as well as non-volatile substances in the form of aerosols and droplets, including metabolic products, inflammatory indicators and pathogens.”

Once the breath is converted into liquid, a series of capillaries in a device called bioinspired microfluidics immediately transports the liquid to a sensor for analysis.

“We learned how to transport water from plants, which use capillary action to pull water up from the ground,” Professor Gao said.

“The analysis results are then sent wirelessly to an individual's phone, tablet or computer.”

“The smart mask can be prepared at a relatively low cost. The materials are designed to cost just $1.”

To test the masks, the authors conducted a series of human studies, focusing primarily on patients with asthma or COPD.

The researchers specifically monitored the patients' breath for nitrite, a biomarker of inflammation in both diseases.

Results showed that the masks accurately detected biomarkers indicative of inflammation in patients' airways.

In a separate experiment, the masks demonstrated that they could accurately detect subjects' blood alcohol levels, suggesting that they could potentially be used for field DUI checks and other alcohol consumption monitoring.

We also explored how the mask can be used to assess blood urea levels in the monitoring and management of kidney disease.

As kidney function declines, by-products of protein metabolism, such as urea, accumulate in the blood.

At the same time, the amount of urea in saliva increases, which breaks down into ammonia gas, leading to high ammonium concentrations in the breath condensate.

The study showed that the smart mask could accurately detect ammonium levels, closely reflecting the urea concentration in blood.

“Our smart mask platform for EBC collection and analysis represents a major advancement in the potential for real-time monitoring of lung health,” said Professor Harry Rossiter, director of the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center.

“This concept, with the potential to add biosensors for a wide range of compounds in the future, highlights the groundbreaking potential of smart masks in health monitoring and diagnostics.”

The team's work is paper In the journal Science.

_____

Wen-zhen Heng others2024. Smart masks for collection and analysis of exhaled breath condensate. Science 385 (6712): 954-961; doi: 10.1126/science.adn6471

This article is a version of a press release provided by Caltech.

Source: www.sci.news

Conversation with Kathy Willis: Utilizing the therapeutic properties of plants to alleviate anxiety and enhance overall health

We all know that being in nature is good for our health and mental wellbeing. But how does its magic work? For example, how do we explain research showing that patients who had gallbladder surgery and had a green view from their hospital windows spent less time in nature afterwards? They recovered three times faster and required far fewer painkillers than those simply staring out of a brick wall.?

It was this mystery that led botanist Kathy Willis on her latest mission. Former scientific director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, and now professor of biodiversity at St Edmund Hall, Oxford University, she says the discovery has changed her life. In her new book, Good NatureIn this article, she explores a growing body of research that illuminates what happens to our brains and bodies when we connect with nature. Though we tend to think of ourselves as a visual species, it turns out the benefits we derive from our other senses — smell, hearing, touch, and the mysterious “hidden senses” — are just as impressive, and sometimes even more so. There's still much to discover, but as she says, New ScientistWe have already learned many things that can improve our lives.

Kate Douglas: What happens when you observe nature?

Kathy Willis: It induces different pathways in our body. Lowers heart rate and blood pressure, Decreased stress hormones such as adrenaline And our Brainwave activity There is an increase in areas that indicate we are in a calmer, more clear minded state.

Are there any “natural” colors we should look for?

Looking at physiological indicators of calmness, Green and white leavesand Yellow or white flowers

Source: www.newscientist.com

New study indicates that increased UV exposure may be beneficial for health in sun-deprived nations

A recent study indicates that individuals in the UK Biobank who utilized solariums and resided in regions with high annual average residential shortwave radiation were at a decreased risk of death from various causes, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Solarium users also exhibited a lower risk of non-cardiovascular/cancer mortality.



Higher exposure to UV light was associated with lower all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and cancer mortality.

“In the UK and other nations with substantial European descendant populations, the emphasis of public health messaging has been on the dangers of ultraviolet (UV) exposure,” stated Professor Chris Dibben from the University of Edinburgh and his team.

“This is particularly concerning considering the established connection between UV radiation and melanoma development.”

“New findings suggest that the benefits of UV exposure might outweigh the risks, especially in low sunlight settings.”

“Among a group of Swedish women, those with higher sun exposure had a longer life span compared to those who avoided the sun.”

“The reduction in mortality rates is mainly linked to decreased cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular/non-cancer mortality.”

“In a study of Swedish women with moderate sun exposure habits, fair-skinned women had an 8% lower overall mortality rate compared to non-fair-skinned women.”

The study utilized genetic and health data from UK Biobank to examine UV exposure in 395,000 individuals in the UK.

Participants were limited to individuals of European descent with fair skin due to the impact of skin pigment on the body’s response to UV radiation.

Researchers utilized two criteria to identify individuals with higher UV exposure levels.

They assessed participants’ geographical locations to determine their average yearly solar energy exposure and whether they utilized sunbeds.

Living in regions with elevated UV levels, like Cornwall, was correlated with a lower risk of dying from cardiovascular disease and cancer (19% and 12% respectively) compared to regions with lower UV levels, such as Edinburgh and Glasgow.

Use of sunbeds was connected to a 23% reduced risk of cardiovascular disease death and a 14% lower risk of cancer-related death compared to non-users.

Given that sunbed users might also engage in more sunbathing, this result could reflect broader sun-seeking behaviors.

Individuals with higher estimated UV exposure showed a slightly greater risk of melanoma diagnosis but not an increased risk of mortality from melanoma.

“Our study contributes to the mounting evidence indicating that relatively high UV exposure in low-light environments could be advantageous for health,” Prof Dibben remarked.

“While increased UV radiation exposure may elevate skin cancer risk, this risk seems to be outweighed by the considerable reduction in cancer and cardiovascular-related disease mortality.”

“Dermatologists have traditionally only considered sunlight’s potential harm to the skin based on experiences of white individuals in sunny nations like Australia,” noted Professor Richard Weller from the University of Edinburgh.

“It is essential to safeguard your skin during periods of very high UV index, but this study indicates that the balance of benefits and risks from sun exposure in the UK may differ significantly from sunnier locales.”

Reference: Survey results Published in the journal Health and location.

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Andrew C. Stevenson others2024. Higher UV exposure is associated with reduced mortality: analysis of data from the UK Biobank cohort study. Health and location 89: 103328; doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103328

Source: www.sci.news

Video games found to have positive effects on health, scientists reveal

If you like video games, playing them might not be something you need to worry about.

Asia Vision/Getty Images

Despite being an oft-maligned pastime, playing video games actually seems to make people happier, a finding that comes from a unique study taking advantage of the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

“I think that if you enjoy a hobby, it has a positive effect on your health.” Hiroyuki Egami At Nihon University in Japan.

In 2019, The World Health Organization has added “gaming disorder” It violates the International Classification of Diseases. However, studies on the effects of playing video games have produced mixed results when it comes to mental health outcomes, with many studies unable to prove causation. Studies that aim to prove causation are usually conducted in controlled laboratory environments, which “are far removed from the experience of actually playing video games,” the researchers say. Peter Etchells The researchers are from Bath Spa University in the UK but were not involved in the latest study.

But between 2020 and 2022, Egami and his colleagues had a rare opportunity to investigate the causal effects of video games on people's happiness in the real world. At the time, game consoles were in short supply, so lotteries were held in parts of Japan where people could enter to receive either a PlayStation 5 or a Nintendo Switch console.

The researchers surveyed 8,192 people aged between 10 and 69 who had entered such lotteries. Respondents answered questions about their gambling habits and levels of psychological distress, an indicator of mental health.

Egami and his colleagues found that people who won the lottery had slightly higher mental health scores than those who didn't, but that their scores plateaued once they exceeded about three hours of total play time per day.

The team also used machine learning models to analyze the data and found that the effects varied by console type and owner demographics. For example, younger people who own a Nintendo Switch saw greater benefits compared to older people. The team also found that people without children saw greater benefits from owning a PlayStation 5 than those with children.

“This highlights the need to be nuanced and specific about what we measure and how we measure it if we want to understand how video games affect us,” Etchells said, though he said participants self-reported the amount of time they played, which may not be accurate.

Etchells and Egami also note that the data was collected during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have influenced people's video game habits and health. Further research using this methodology could reveal whether the trends hold in other contexts.

topic:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Monitoring Ecosystem Health by Listening to Earthworm Movements

The movements of worm-like organisms in the soil produce unique sound patterns.

Vitaly Stock/Shutterstock

While they may not be as captivating as a dawn bird chorus, the sounds of ants, beetle larvae and earthworms recorded underground provide a snapshot of whether an ecosystem is healthy.

“The idea is that we can monitor soil health using the sounds made by invertebrates.” Jake Robinson At Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.

He and his colleagues Mount Bald Conservation AreaThe project will involve 240 recordings over five days in spring 2023, with each recording lasting nine minutes, covering a 55 square kilometre area around a reservoir south of Adelaide.

Two sites had been cleared of trees approximately 15 years ago and maintained as grassland, two sites had been cleared but had regrowth of trees and bushes over the course of approximately 15 years, and the remaining two were intact grassland forests.

Robinson and his colleagues dug up soil samples at each site, placed them in containers, and placed them in sound-attenuating chambers — devices that allow them to record sounds from the soil in a controlled environment while filtering out other sounds. The researchers then examined the soil samples and counted the types and numbers of invertebrates present in each sample.

Jake Robinson (left) and his colleagues listen to sounds in the soil.

Tracy Klarenbeek

The researchers found that intact and revegetated plots contained more soil invertebrate species, including organisms such as beetle larvae, earthworms, centipedes, woodlice and ants, and generally more specimens, than did the clear-cut plots.

To analyze the noise, Robinson and his colleagues used a sound complexity index, which works on the premise that many biological behaviors, such as millipede movements, produce distinctive sound patterns.

More diverse sound activity corresponds to a higher index score and more species of organisms present. Soils in revegetated sites had an index score 21 percent higher than soils in deforested sites.

Source: www.newscientist.com

Study Confirms the Health Benefits of Vegetable Oils

New dietary intervention studies Published in the journal Nature MedicineSwitching from a diet high in saturated animal fats to one high in unsaturated plant fats affects the composition of fats in your blood, which can affect your long-term disease risk.
Eichelmann othersThis shows that it is possible to accurately measure diet-related changes in blood fats and directly link them to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Image courtesy of Tung Lam.
The World Health Organization (WHO) highlights the importance of a healthy diet in preventing chronic diseases and recommends replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats from plant sources to reduce cardiometabolic risk.
However, limitations in existing research mean these guidelines are of moderate certainty.
The new study addressed these limitations by conducting a detailed analysis of fats in the blood, also known as lipids, using a technique called lipidomics.
These highly detailed lipid measurements have allowed researchers to innovatively combine different types of studies to link diet and disease.
This approach combines dietary intervention studies (using highly controlled diets) with previously conducted cohort studies with long-term health follow-up.
“Our collaboration provides conclusive evidence that diets low in saturated fat and high in unsaturated vegetable fats have health benefits and may help to provide targeted dietary advice to people who would benefit most from changing their eating habits,” said Professor Julie Lovegrove, from the University of Reading.
“Our study provides further conclusive evidence that diets high in unsaturated vegetable fats, such as the Mediterranean diet, are beneficial for health,” added researcher Dr Clemens Wittenbecher from Chalmers University of Technology.
The study included 113 participants from the DIVAS trial, a single-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel trial.
For 16 weeks, one group ate a diet high in saturated animal fats and the other group ate a diet high in unsaturated vegetable fats.
The blood samples were analyzed using lipid analysis techniques to identify specific lipid molecules that reflected the different diets consumed by each participant.
“We summarized the effects on blood lipids in a Multi Lipid Score (MLS),” said Dr Fabian Eichelmann, researcher at the German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam-Rehbrücke.
“A high MLS indicates a healthy blood fat profile, and such good MLS levels can be achieved by consuming more unsaturated vegetable fats and less saturated animal fats.”
“These MLS results from dietary intervention studies were statistically associated with incident cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in previous large observational studies.”
“These large cohort studies followed initially healthy participants for several years.”
Analysis of data from both studies showed that participants with a higher MLS, indicating a beneficial dietary fat composition, had a significantly reduced risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases.
Additionally, the scientists investigated whether people with lower MLS levels, indicative of a higher saturated fat content in their diet, particularly benefited from a healthier diet.
The Mediterranean diet, which focuses on consuming more unsaturated vegetable fats, was used in one of the large intervention trials known as the PREDIMED trial.
From this study, the authors found that the diabetes prevention effect was most pronounced in individuals who had low MLS levels at the start of the study.
“Because diet is so complex, it's often difficult to draw conclusive evidence from a single study,” Dr. Wittenbecher said.
“Our approach of combining a highly controlled dietary intervention study with lipid analysis and a prospective cohort study with long-term health follow-up can overcome current limitations in nutrition research.”
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F. Eichelmann othersLipid changes through improving the quality of dietary fats can aid in cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision nutrition. National MedPublished online July 11, 2024; doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-03124-1
This article is a version of a press release provided by the University of Reading.

Source: www.sci.news

The common misconception that moderate alcohol consumption is beneficial for your health

Drinking alcohol is bad for you, but it is often a social activity.

Violeta Stoymenova/Getty Images

Rigorous research suggests that drinking even small amounts of alcohol can shorten your lifespan, and that only people with serious health problems would benefit from moderate drinking. That's the conclusion of a review of 107 studies that looked at how drinking alcohol at specific ages affects the risk of dying from all causes.

“People need to be skeptical of the claims that the industry has been peddling for years.” Tim Stockwell “They clearly have a strong interest in promoting their products as not cancer-causing but as life-prolonging,” said researchers from the University of Victoria in Canada.

Stockwell says people should be told that while the risks of moderate drinking are small, it's not beneficial. “It may not be as dangerous as a lot of other things, but it's important that consumers are aware,” he says. “I also think it's important that manufacturers inform consumers of the risks through warning labels.”

The best way to assess the effects of alcohol would be to randomly select people who drink and who don&#39t drink as children, and then monitor their health and drinking for the rest of their lives. Because such studies are not possible, researchers instead have to ask people about their drinking habits and follow them over a much shorter period of time.

By the 2000s, a number of studies of this kind had been done, suggesting that the relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of death at a given age follows a J-shaped curve: drinking a little alcohol slightly reduces your risk of dying from any cause compared with a non-drinker, but as you drink more alcohol, your risk increases sharply.

Stockwell says he was convinced the science was well-established at the time, but he and other researchers have since Such studies have serious flaws.

The main problem is that they often don&#39t compare people who have never drunk alcohol to people who have. Many studies instead compare people who no longer drink to people who still drink. People who stop drinking, especially later in life, often have health problems, so moderate drinkers seem healthy in comparison, Stockwell says.

Although some studies claim to compare current drinkers with “never drinkers,” the definition of the latter group often actually includes occasional drinkers, Stockwell says. For example, one study defined people who had up to 11 drinks a year as lifetime abstainers.

“In our opinion, the majority of research has not addressed this potential source of bias,” Stockwell says, “To be clear, people have tried to address this, but we don&#39t think they&#39ve done so adequately.”

In fact, his team found that of 107 studies they reviewed, only six adequately addressed these sources of bias, and none of those six found any risk reduction with moderate drinking.

” [high-quality] “The research suggests a linear relationship,” Stockwell says, “the more you drink, the higher your risk of heart disease. Our study looks at total mortality, and it&#39s clear that heart disease is the main issue.”

The review says that it is very clear that lower quality studies are more likely to suggest a beneficial effect. Duane Mellor At the British Dietetic Association.

But he points out that this doesn&#39t take into account the social aspects of moderate drinking. “While it&#39s healthier to socialize without drinking alcohol, the benefits of spending time with other people are likely to outweigh the risks of consuming one or two units of alcohol,” he says. “Perhaps the challenge is to limit alcohol intake in this way.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

British General Practitioners Utilize Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Cancer Detection Rates by 8% | Health

Utilizing artificial intelligence to analyze GP records for hidden patterns has significantly improved cancer detection rates for doctors.

The “C the Signs” AI tool used by general practitioner practices has increased cancer detection rates from 58.7% to 66.0%. This tool examines patients’ medical records, compiling past medical history, test results, prescriptions, treatments, and personal characteristics like age, postcode, and family history to indicate potential cancer risks.

Additionally, the tool prompts doctors to inquire about new symptoms and recommends tests or referrals for patients if it detects patterns suggesting a heightened risk of certain cancer types.

Currently in use in about 1,400 practices in England, “C the Signs” was tested in 35 practices in the East of England in May 2021, covering 420,000 patients.

Published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, a study revealed that cancer detection rates rose from 58.7% to 66.0% by March 31, 2022, in clinics using the system, while remaining similar in those that did not utilize it.

Dr. Bea Bakshi, who developed “C the Signs” with colleague Miles Paling, emphasized the importance of early and quick cancer diagnosis through their system detecting over 50 types of cancer.

The tool was validated in a previous study analyzing 118,677 patients, where 7,295 were diagnosed with cancer and 7,056 were accurately identified by the algorithm.

Notably, the system’s ability to predict if a patient was unlikely to have cancer resulted in only 2.8% of these cases being confirmed with cancer diagnosis within six months.

Concerned by delays in cancer diagnosis, Bakshi developed the tool after witnessing a patient’s late pancreatic cancer diagnosis three weeks before their death, highlighting the importance of early detection.

“With two-thirds of deaths from untestable cancers, early diagnosis is crucial,” Bakshi emphasized.

In the UK, GPs follow National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines to decide when to refer patients for cancer diagnosis, guided by tools like “C the Signs.”

The NHS’s long-term cancer plan aims to diagnose 75% of cancers at stage 1 or 2 by 2028, utilizing innovative technologies like the Garelli blood test for early cancer detection.

Decision support systems like “C the Signs,” improving patient awareness of cancer symptoms, and enhancing access to diagnostic technologies are essential for effective cancer detection, according to healthcare professionals.

NHS England’s national clinical director for cancer, Professor Peter Johnson, highlighted the progress in increasing early cancer diagnoses and access to timely treatments, emphasizing the importance of leveraging technology for improved cancer care.

Source: www.theguardian.com

How a carnivore diet impacts your health: Insights from a nutritionist

Have you heard of the carnivore diet? It’s a new trend that takes low-carb dieting to the extreme by eliminating all plant foods and only consuming animal-derived foods like meat, fish, animal fats, and dairy products. Proponents claim that plant toxins and agricultural practices used in plant-based foods can harm our health, and suggest that eliminating sugar by cutting out plant foods can promote weight management and metabolic health.


While there is no scientific evidence on the health effects of the carnivore diet, anecdotal reports suggest benefits like improved weight management, cardiac and metabolic health, cognitive function, reduced inflammation, improved digestion, and even resolution of autoimmune diseases. However, side effects such as bad breath, constipation, and headaches may occur initially.

Nutritionally, animal-based foods provide high-quality proteins, essential vitamins like B12, iron, zinc, selenium, and other nutrients. However, the lack of fiber from fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains in a carnivore diet may raise concerns for long-term gut and heart health. Scientific studies have shown the benefits of plant foods in reducing the risk of diseases like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, while high intake of red and processed meats can increase risks.

Proponents of the carnivore diet argue that it aligns with early human diets, but biological evidence suggests that humans evolved as omnivores who consumed both animals and plants. Transitioning to more sustainable and healthy food systems that consider the health of the planet is crucial, and excessive meat consumption may not support this goal. Ultimately, the choice to follow a carnivore diet may have long-term health implications and ethical considerations.

This article was first published on December 5, 2022.

Read more about nutrition:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

The frequency of bowel movements reflects one’s health status

We all have to deal with the uncomfortable topic of bowel movements, and the frequency at which we have them can vary greatly from person to person. Recent research suggests that the frequency of our bowel movements may have implications for our long-term health, revealing that there is an ideal amount of poop for a healthy individual.

A study conducted by scientists from the US Systems Biology Institute categorized individuals based on the frequency of their bowel movements:

  1. Constipation (one or two bowel movements per week)
  2. Low to normal (3-6 bowel movements per week)
  3. High normal (1–3 bowel movements per day)
  4. Diarrhea

Research indicates that the “Goldilocks Zone” for bowel movement frequency is having one to two bowel movements per day, which falls within the high normal range. This frequency is associated with the thriving of fiber-fermenting gut bacteria, suggesting that individuals in this zone may have similar gut microbiomes.

To achieve this ideal frequency, individuals are encouraged to adopt a high-fiber diet, ensure proper hydration, and engage in regular exercise. These habits are common among individuals in the Goldilocks Zone for bowel frequency.

The study, published in Cell Report Medicine, examined 1,400 healthy adults and explored the relationship between bowel movement frequency, age, sex, genetics, and gut microbiota. Results revealed that age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) significantly influence bowel movement frequency, with younger individuals, females, and those with lower BMI having more frequent bowel movements.

Irregular bowel movements can lead to issues as stool stagnates in the intestines, causing gut microbes to ferment proteins, potentially releasing harmful toxins into the bloodstream. This can contribute to organ damage and increase the risk of chronic diseases. Individuals with constipation were found to have higher levels of harmful by-products of protein fermentation, while those with diarrhea exhibited patterns indicative of liver damage.

Further research is being conducted to understand the connection between bowel movement frequency and mental health conditions like depression and anxiety. Dr. Sean Gibbons, the corresponding author of the study, emphasizes the importance of maintaining optimal bowel frequency for overall health and wellness.

Understanding the impact of bowel movements on various bodily systems can help identify early signs of organ damage and inform strategies to improve health and prevent chronic diseases in both healthy and at-risk populations. To learn more about this fascinating topic, visit Dr. Sean Gibbons’ profile.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Viruses with a significant impact on the microbiome and overall health

Rats in John Cryan's lab were withdrawn and anxious, behaving in ways that mirrored those who had been bullied at work and suspected they might encounter the bully again.

Believe it or not, the good news is that they fed some of these rodents a slurry of microbes extracted from their own feces. This may sound unpleasant, but it had a surprisingly positive effect on their behavior. “That was surprising,” says Cryan, a neurobiologist at University College Cork in Ireland. “We found that the behavioral changes that were induced by stress were normalized, and they started to behave like normal animals.”

Even more surprising, the mental changes weren't brought about by changes to gut bacteria, but by modifying another key aspect of the microbiome whose importance is only now being recognized: viruses.

After all, our bodies are full of these viruses – trillions of stowaways that do no harm to our health, but instead play a key role in nurturing a beneficial microbiome and making us healthier. Recent studies have found that the influence of this “virome” can be found throughout the body, from the blood to the brain. The hope is that tweaking it might lead to new ways of treating a variety of ailments, from inflammatory bowel disease and obesity to anxiety.

Microbiome Diversity

Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in the microbiome (all the tiny organisms that live on and in our bodies), but that interest has focused primarily on bacteria. Until recently, it was assumed that…

Source: www.newscientist.com

General practitioner discusses the concealed health dangers of wearing shapewear

Shapewear, also known as body shaping underwear, has gained immense popularity in recent years. In a society that values appearance and self-image, shapewear is seen as a quick and affordable solution to boost self-confidence by enhancing the fit and look of various outfits.


Functioning like a modern corset, shapewear targets areas like the waist, hips, thighs, and buttocks to compress and shape them, aiming to improve the fit of clothes and provide a sleeker silhouette, as suggested by marketing claims.

With advancements in fabric technology, modern shapewear is now more comfortable and breathable than ever before, appealing to a wide range of individuals seeking aesthetic and functional support for various occasions. It has become increasingly popular, especially with the rise of social media influencing body image awareness.

Unlike traditional shapewear made from rigid materials like steel and whalebone, modern shapewear uses breathable and stretchy fabrics such as spandex, nylon, and lycra. It is now popular among both men and women for its comfort and effectiveness.

Available in different styles and compression levels, shapewear caters to various needs. Certain types, such as waist cinchers and tummy control panties, target specific body parts to provide support and shape.

In addition to these, there are thigh shapers, torso-compressing camisoles, butt lifters with padding, and leg and arm shapers. Some companies even offer full bodysuits with built-in bras for total body shaping.

Sports compression clothing, while similar, focuses on enhancing athletic performance and muscle support rather than aesthetic enhancement. Designed with advanced breathable fabrics and graduated compression, sports compression wear is intended for physical activity and recovery periods.

Although shapewear appears to offer a convenient way to enhance confidence and fit, it does come with certain drawbacks to consider. Issues like digestive problems, circulatory and neurological issues, breathing problems, and skin irritation can arise from wearing shapewear, particularly if it is too tight.

When choosing shapewear, it’s important to select a comfortable fit that doesn’t restrict movement and to avoid wearing it for extended periods. Opting for breathable fabrics and hypoallergenic materials can help reduce the risk of skin irritation.

In conclusion, while shapewear can provide temporary aesthetic benefits, it’s essential to prioritize comfort and health when using it. Remember, true confidence comes from within, and it’s crucial to listen to your body’s needs.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Michael Mosley’s innovative methods in science have improved lives and promoted health

My first encounter with Michael Mosley was at the BBC Summer Party. A recent documentary I had presented had just aired on horizon, making me eligible to attend the event. Feeling overwhelmed amongst the many celebrities present, I found solace at the bar, quietly observing the crowd, until Michael approached me.

“Hello, I’m Michael Mosley,” he introduced himself. I was well aware of who he was, and we ended up spending the evening conversing. Although I first worked with Michael at an event, that initial meeting at the party left a lasting impression on me. Despite not knowing me, he warmly welcomed me as a newcomer.

Michael’s extensive career as a producer, presenter, and writer at the BBC spanned over 40 years, establishing a unique style of ‘self-experimenting presenter’ in science presentations. He famously delved into self-experimentation, including infesting himself with tapeworms and popularizing the 5:2 intermittent fasting diet to manage his type 2 diabetes.

While Michael faced criticism for his methods, he aimed to communicate science rather than conduct formal experiments. His talent for simplifying complex concepts and making science accessible led to widespread education among audiences.

Personally, Michael served as a valuable mentor, offering practical advice and sharing techniques for effective communication in broadcasting. His influence extended to shaping my approach to interviews and on-camera presentations, guiding my work in academia and beyond.

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of clear science communication has been highlighted, emphasizing the impact of effectively disseminating information on health issues. Michael’s contributions in this realm have greatly improved public health outcomes and potentially saved lives.

As a close colleague, respected mentor, and cherished friend, Michael Mosley will be deeply missed.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Study shows that snacking on baby carrots can have positive impacts on health

A recent study has shown that including just three baby carrots in your weekly diet can boost levels of beneficial carotenoids in your skin, particularly in young people.

These findings suggest that making small changes to your diet can have a significant impact on your health.

Researchers at Samford University conducted a study that revealed how incorporating baby carrots into your diet can increase carotenoids in your skin, which have various health benefits. When baby carrots were combined with a multivitamin containing beta-carotene, the levels of carotenoids in the skin increased even more significantly.


Carotenoids are compounds responsible for the vibrant colors of fruits and vegetables like red, orange, and yellow. They can only be obtained through diet and are used as an indicator of fruit and vegetable intake.

According to Mary Harper Simmons, a nutrition master’s student at Samford University and the study author, higher carotenoid intake leads to higher levels of antioxidants in the body, reducing inflammation and lowering the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and cardiovascular disease.

Previous research has shown that consuming three times the recommended daily intake of fruits and vegetables for three weeks can increase carotenoids in the skin. This study aimed to create a convenient snack rich in carotenoids that people enjoy.

Results of the study were presented at the American Academy of Nutrition’s annual meeting in Chicago. Participants were randomly assigned to different dietary intervention groups, including consuming baby carrots, a multivitamin supplement, or a combination of both. The group that ate baby carrots saw a 10.8% increase in skin carotenoid scores, while the combination group had a 21.6% increase.

Going forward, the research team plans to explore different populations and other carotenoid-rich foods like sweet potatoes and green leafy vegetables.

About our experts

Mary Harper Simmons: A master’s student in nutrition at Samford University and presenter of the talk “Effect of a 4-week intervention with baby carrots or a multivitamin supplement on skin carotenoid scores in young adults” at the NUTRITION 2024 conference.


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Source: www.sciencefocus.com