Utilizing Neuroscience to Discover the Ideal Children’s Toy

“Lloyd,” he told me. “His name is Lloyd.” Of course. Why is the green Lego Ninjago called a different name? This plastic figurine has shot to the top of son Sam's Christmas list.

Anyone who knows young children will relate. While they covet the Barbie Color Reveal Deluxe Styling Head, which promises instant but fleeting joy, we want to buy a woodland activity kit that is sure to nourish the body and mind.

If you are despairing of such a choice, help is readily available. Thanks to our increased understanding of the cognitive benefits of specific toys, we now have a better understanding of the relative merits of different toys. This Christmas, I decided to use this research to identify the perfect toy, or at least get as close to it as possible.

If you dig deeper into this world, you'll quickly discover that some toys are really better for young brains than others, and that computer games aren't as evil as you think. Now you know the secret to buying toys without getting bored. Cupboard.

Although toys may seem like a relatively recent invention, they have been a part of our lives for thousands of years. Analysis of rock fragments dating back 60,000 to 80,000 years in South Africa's Western Cape suggests that children may have been tinkering with dull and functionally useless copies of adult stone tools. Ta. These ancient playthings are thought to have been key to the development of cognitive skills, such as the ability to imagine alternative scenarios and come up with new ideas.

Source: www.newscientist.com

Review of Sonic the Hedgehog 3: Jim Carrey’s Energizing Performance Brings Laughter to the Third Installment

a The third Sonic movie came out with a strong sense of inevitability, creating excitement among its core pre-teen fanbase. The Marvel Cinematic Universe could learn from how it keeps audiences entertained. The buzz around Sonic’s unconventional teeth is now a thing of the past, but Jim Carrey truly shines in his double role, showing his dedication even if it’s just for the money. The movie is doing a good job overall, appealing even to those who may have forgotten the intricacies of early ’00s games. It’s an engaging experience.

The Sonic reboot introduces a “dark” version of Sonic in the form of Shadow, a hedgehog with black and red coloring. As the story unfolds, Shadow escapes from his containment unit, prompting Sonic and his sidekicks to intervene. They end up working alongside Ivo Robotnik to uncover secrets at an abandoned military base, leading to a complex narrative.

Drawing from over 30 years of gaming, the film offers rich plotlines, character development, and dramatic incidents. While the human element may vary, the voices of Keanu Reeves and Idris Elba, along with James Marsden and Tika Sumpter, add depth to the story. Carrey’s performance stands out, injecting humor and energy into the movie. His presence prevents the film from falling flat and enhances the overall experience.

Sonic the Hedgehog 3 will be released in the US on December 20th, Australia on December 26th, and the UK on December 27th.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Announcements of ‘The Witcher IV’, ‘Okami 2’, and Other Game Award Winners | Games

aDeserving winners – Balatro, Astro Bot, Metaphor: ReFantazio dominates the board – game award Last Thursday brought us many end-of-the-year announcements, like unexpected gifts under the tree. It was the best show ever in terms of newsworthy announcements. It felt a bit like an old-school E3 conference. Of course, if you haven’t watched the three-hour video game awards show live from LA, which aired just after midnight UK time, here’s what you need to know.

Seeing it for the first time The Witcher IV

We’ve known for a while that another dark fantasy RPG was in development at Poland’s CD Projekt, and now we know. next witcher game Instead of father figure Geralt, the film stars Ciri, a white-haired warrior and villain, and the trailer shows her locked in a battle with a striking and gruesome monster. I had a good look at this whole trailer – I spent about 200 hours on The Witcher III back in the day and I’m looking forward to this one Very.

new games from naughty dog

A wise use of the Pet Shop Boys … Intergalactic: Heretical Prophet. Photo: Naughty Dog

The next project from the developers of The Last of Us will be called Next Project. Intergalactic: Heretic Prophet And as the name suggests, this is science fiction. You are trapped on a planet at the edge of the known galaxy, where no one has returned for 600 years, cut off from communication with civilization. Although the premise feels a little tired, I love the stylish lines and bright colors of this space fantasy, as well as the clever use of Pet Shop Boys in the trailer.

us too saw the new trailer Another AAA game that looks promising is Mafia: The Old Country, set in Sicily. (Guardian games columnist Dominic Diamond recently played the remake of the original Mafia to see if he was too old to be a Mafia after all.)

A sequel I wasn’t expecting

The 2006 painting “Okami,” pictured here, is scheduled for a sequel in 2026. Photo: Capcom

I loved In the 2006 Zelda-like painting Okami, in which he plays a wolf god who fights demons across ancient Japan with the help of magical ink, I long ago gave up hope of seeing a sequel. (Apart from “Oishinden,” which was produced in 2010) by a different studio). It was then announced that the game’s original director, Hideki Kamiya, was working on it. Okami 2 The announcement of his new studio, Clover, was as much of a surprise as the announcement of Shenmue III at E3 2015. The studio name is an inside joke. Kamiya’s previous studio, which created the original Okami, was Clover.

Another unexpected announcement from Capcom: new onimusha game – Another PS2-era hit about samurai in feudal Japan. Just as exciting, but much more forgiving than the Ninja Gaiden action games (also side scrolling sequel). Sega is also participating in the revival, with the Like a Dragon team tasked with working on a new installment of the Virtua Fighter series. And 90’s dinosaur hunter Tulloch is taking on a new challenge in his next game. Tulloch: Origin (Warning: Violent trailer).

A future co-op classic

In Split Fiction, two aspiring writers are trapped together in a VR simulation of their own story. Photo: Electronic Arts

Swedish developer Hazelight is known for A Way Out, a cooperative game about two brothers trying to escape from prison, and It Takes Two, a magical realist platformer about a couple on the brink of divorce, Masu. The next piece is about two aspiring writers, one science fiction and one fantasy, who are trapped together in a VR simulation of their own story. Fight by switching between dragons and mechs. it is called split fiction.

Meanwhile, a new game from the creators of Overcooked is also coming. It’s a creepy cooperative horror incident. called stage frighttwo players run through an escape room-style scenario. and AlsoFrom Software has New Elden Ring co-op spinoff This is a bit like Elden Ring meets Monster Hunter. While I’m a bit skeptical of this, I’m also happy at the prospect that From Software’s new game might actually be completed. Because playing it totally counts as quality time with your partner.

And finally…

Fumihito Ueda led the team at Sony’s Japan Studios that created a trilogy of standard games: Shadow of the Colossus, ICO, and Toriko the Man-Eater. All of these games made me think differently about how games express ideas. I’m currently back to game development at a new studio in Tokyo. Project: Robot. There’s only a one-minute trailer here, but I’m still going to play anything this guy is in if I get the chance.

what to play

Sinking into nature… Naiad. Photo: Steam

In the craziness of working parenthood in December, I found peace of mind. naiada free-flowing game about becoming a water nymph. Swim through beautiful river scenery, following schools of small fish, listening to chirping birds, enjoying piano music and the sounds of nature. Sometimes they reunite lost ducklings with their mothers, or make brief appearances in the human world (unfortunately, these are the most frustrating parts). I felt like I was immersed in nature on the steam deck.

Skip past newsletter promotions

Available: computer
Estimated play time:
3-4 hours

what to read

The CD Projekt logo at its headquarters in Warsaw, Poland. Photo: Kacper Pempel/Reuters
  • bloomberg We interviewed the CEO of cd project red To learn more about how the studio has changed since Cyberpunk 2077 in preparation for The Witcher IV.

  • If you want to know more about the background of the Okami sequel, check out VGC great interview and Hideki Kamiya.

  • classic adventure game under the steel sky I turned 30 last week – eurogamer To commemorate this occasion, we conducted an interesting interview with the manufacturer.

www.theguardian.com

UK arts and media oppose proposal to grant AI companies permission to utilize copyrighted content

Authors, publishers, musicians, photographers, filmmakers, and newspaper publishers have all opposed the Labor government’s proposal to create a copyright exemption for training algorithms by artificial intelligence companies.

Representing thousands of creators, various organizations released a joint statement rejecting the idea of allowing companies like Open AI, Google, and Meta to use public works for AI training unless owners actively opt out. This was in response to the ministers’ proposal announced on Tuesday.

The Creative Rights in AI Coalition (Crac) emphasized the importance of respecting and enforcing existing copyright laws rather than circumventing them.

Included in the coalition are prominent entities like the British Recording Industry, the Independent Musicians Association, the Film Institute, the Writers’ Association, as well as Mumsnet, the Guardian, the Financial Times, the Telegraph, Getty Images, the Daily Mail Group, and Newsquest.

The intervention from these industry representatives follows statements by Technology and Culture Minister Kris Bryant in Parliament, where he promoted the proposed system as a way to enhance access to content for AI developers while ensuring rights holders have control over its use. This stance was reinforced after Bryant mentioned the importance of controlling the training of AI models using UK content accessed from overseas.

Nevertheless, industry lobbying group Tech UK is advocating for a more permissive market that allows companies to utilize and pay for copyrighted data. Caroline Dinenage, chair of the Conservative Party’s culture, media, and sport select committee, criticized the government’s alignment with AI companies.

Mr. Bryant defended the proposed system to MPs by highlighting the need for a flexible regime that allows for overseas developers to train AI models with UK content. He warned that a strict regime could hinder the growth of AI development in the UK.

Creatives in the industry are urged to seek permission from generative AI developers, obtain licenses, and compensate rights holders if they wish to create or train algorithms for various media formats.

A collective statement from the creative industry emphasized the importance of upholding current copyright laws and ensuring fair compensation for creators when licensing their work.

Renowned figures like Paul McCartney, Kate Bush, Julianne Moore, Stephen Fry, and Hugh Bonneville have joined a petition calling for stricter regulations on AI companies that engage in copyright infringement.

Novelist Kate Mosse is also supporting a campaign to amend the Data Bill to enforce existing copyright laws in the UK to protect creators’ rights and fair compensation.

Skip past newsletter promotions

During a recent House of Lords debate, supporters of amendments to enforce copyright laws likened the government’s proposal to asking shopkeepers to opt-out of shoplifting rather than actively preventing it.

The government’s plan for a copyright exemption has faced criticism from the Liberal Democrats and other opponents who believe it is influenced by technology lobbyists and misinterpretations of current copyright laws.

Science Minister Patrick Vallance defended the government’s position by emphasizing the need to support rights holders, ensure fair compensation, and facilitate the development of AI models while maintaining appropriate access.

Source: www.theguardian.com

UK Data Regulator Slams Google for ‘Irresponsible’ Ad Tracking Changes

The UK’s data protection regulator has condemned Google for enabling advertisers to track customers’ digital “fingerprints,” expressing concerns about the difficulty of blocking online surveillance technology even for privacy-conscious users, calling it “irresponsible.”

The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) in the UK stated that this practice undermines consumer control and choice regarding data collection and usage. Google’s decision to introduce this method creates expectations for a privacy-focused internet, deviating from current standards.

Fingerprinting involves gathering unique signals from a device’s software or hardware to identify a user or device, similar to an advanced form of cookies.

Data watchdogs note that fingerprinting is challenging to detect and block, making consent more difficult compared to cookie notifications often encountered while browsing the web.

Google recently announced its entry into the rapidly expanding Connected TV (CTV) advertising space, emphasizing the need for brands to effectively target desired audiences while also improving customer privacy.

In a statement in 2019, Google acknowledged the lack of control users have over their fingerprint data compared to cookies, labeling this practice as user-choice infringing and wrong.

Stephen Almond, Executive Director of Regulatory Risk at the ICO, emphasized that companies must adhere to legal and transparent deployment of advertising technology, warning of potential action from the ICO if guidelines are not followed.

The ICO asserts that fingerprinting is an unfair method of online tracking which compromises user choice and control over data collection.

Google indicated it will engage in further discussions with the ICO regarding its policy change.

Skip past newsletter promotions

A Google spokesperson mentioned that privacy-enhancing technology enables partners to succeed on emerging platforms such as CTV without compromising user privacy. They reaffirmed the commitment to providing users with the choice of personalized ads and promoting responsible data use across the industry.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Over 140 Facebook moderators in Kenya diagnosed with severe PTSD from digital media duties

Over 140 Facebook content moderators have been diagnosed with severe post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of being exposed to distressing social media content, including violent acts, suicides, child abuse, and terrorism.

Dr. Ian Kananya revealed that these moderators, based at a facility in Kenya contracted by social media companies, worked long hours and were diagnosed with PTSD, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) by the Head of Mental Health Services at Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi.

A lawsuit filed against Meta, Facebook’s parent company, and the outsourcing company Samasource Kenya, which employed moderators from across Africa, brought to light the distressing experiences faced by these employees.

Images and videos depicting disturbing content caused some moderators to have physical and emotional reactions such as fainting, vomiting, screaming, and leaving their workstations.

The lawsuit sheds light on the toll that moderating such content takes on individuals in regions where social media usage is on the rise, often in impoverished areas.

Many of the moderators in question turned to substance abuse, experienced relationship breakdowns, and felt disconnected from their families, due to the nature of their work.

Facebook and other tech giants use content moderators to enforce community standards and train AI systems to do the same, outsourcing this work to countries like Kenya.

A medical report submitted to the court depicted a bleak working environment where moderators were constantly exposed to distressing images in a cold, brightly lit setting.

The majority of the affected moderators suffered from PTSD, GAD, or MDD, with severe symptoms affecting a significant portion of them, even after leaving their roles.

MetaSource and Samasource declined to comment on the allegations due to the ongoing litigation.

Foxglove, a nonprofit supporting the lawsuit, highlighted the lifelong impact that this work has had on the mental health of the moderators.

The lawsuit aims to hold the companies accountable for the traumatic experiences endured by the moderators in the course of their duties.

Content moderation tasks, though often overlooked, can have significant long-term effects on the mental health of those involved, as seen in this case.

Meta stresses the importance of supporting its content moderators through counseling, training, on-site support, and access to healthcare, while implementing measures to reduce exposure to graphic material.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Uber and its CEO contribute $1 million each to President Trump’s inaugural fund

Uber and its CEO have donated $1 million to Donald Trump’s inaugural fund, joining a growing list of technology companies and executives seeking to build good relations with the incoming administration.

This donation was announced by a spokesperson for Uber Technologies. The Wall Street Journal reported that on Tuesday, Uber and its CEO Dara Khosrowshahi each donated $1 million to Trump’s fund. Uber did not immediately respond to a request for comment from the Guardian.

Uber had previously donated $1 million to President Biden’s 2021 inauguration, but Khosrowshahi did not donate to that event, according to the Wall Street Journal. The $1 million donation to Trump’s fund is said to be Khosrowshahi’s largest contribution to a political candidate or presidential inaugural fund.

The donations from Uber and Khosrowshahi add to a growing list of tech companies and executives who have pledged to donate $1 million to the president-elect’s inaugural fund.

Mehta, CEO of OpenAI, confirmed last week that he had donated $1 million to the foundation. CEO Sam Altman of OpenAI also planned to make a $1 million personal donation to the foundation. Amazon is also preparing to donate $1 million to Trump’s fund.

Unlike companies and executives like Mark Zuckerberg, Mehta, and Jeff Bezos, Uber and Khosrowshahi do not have a historically strained relationship with President Trump, making their donations especially significant.

Notably, Tony West, Uber’s chief legal officer, is the brother-in-law of Vice President and former Democratic candidate Kamala Harris. Mr. West took time off to volunteer with Mr. Harris’ presidential campaign before returning to his role at Uber.

Donations to inaugural committees are common among large companies looking to establish better relations with the new administration.

According to Amazon, the company donated $57,746 to President Trump’s first inaugural fund in 2017. Open Secrets reported that other companies such as Google and Microsoft also made donations. Mehta confirmed to the Guardian that he did not donate in 2017.

Recent donations from tech companies and executives come amidst reports of perks being offered to top donors to the president-elect’s inaugural fund. Since Trump’s election win, he has dined with several technology company executives.

In the past month, Trump has dined with Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg at his Mar-a-Lago mansion. Apple CEO Tim Cook; as well as Google’s Sundar Pichai and Sergey Brin; are among those who have had dinners with Trump. Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is scheduled to have dinner with Trump this week.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Top 20 Video Games for 2024 | Games

computer
The game starts with a single machine landing on a pristine planet. Next comes a drill made from iron mined with my own hands. Within a few hours, the Earth is filled with neatly arranged (or not) extraction equipment and conveyor belts, machines humming pleasantly to produce an endless variety of objects. It might be a corporate strip mining simulator, but it’s incredibly addicting.

PS4/5, PC, Nintendo Switch
Similar to the best British comedies, this slapstick puzzle game ends with a touch of unease. Playing as a small traveling salesman in a Viz-scented northern town, you explore the strange problems faced by its residents (such as a boy with a milk phobia, dubious pie meat, and food stolen by sentient rats). Always intriguing.

PS4/5, Xbox, PC, Nintendo Switch
This cleverly self-referential horror game is set in a gruesome theme park that incorporates classic ’90s genres and a fuzzy polygonal aesthetic. The detailed setting of Twisted Fairground unfolds the mysteries of Crow Country over time, leading to a bold ending that is truly worth the journey.

More than a PS1 pastiche…Land of Crows. Photo: SFB Games

smartphone
Initially appearing as a manipulatively compelling card-collecting mobile game with various arcane currencies, this game surprises with its balance, speed, and fun factor during battles. It encourages creative deck building and creature combinations, allowing players to add their unique twist to the game.

PS4/5, Xbox, PC
This adventure game takes a dark turn when a séance in a high school library goes awry. An enjoyable homage to ’90s horror in movies and games, it presents a heartfelt, metaphorical story without excessive gore, making it accessible even to non-gamers who enjoy horror.

Gore-free horror…Fear the Spotlight. Photo: Cozy Game Pals

PS5, PC (2025)
Building on the foundation of 1997’s Final Fantasy VII, Rebirth offers a bigger, richer, and more beautiful world for Cloud Strife and his friends to explore. Packed with fan service, this game delves into beloved characters and stories from gaming history, providing a maximalist experience for fans.

computer
Despite its title suggesting a magical special operations team using spells and time-rewinding powers to destroy enemy territory, this game surprises with a quietly radical story that questions the morality of the military shooter genre it’s based on, offering great characterization and depth.

PS5, Xbox, PC
An exceptional modern fighting game, polished in every aspect. With new fighters joining the iconic Tekken roster, players can engage in thrilling matches between martial artists, cyborgs, demons, and even giant bears, making for exciting battles that keep players on the edge of their seats.

Thrilling flashiness…Tekken 8. Photo provided by: Bandai Namco Entertainment

PS4/5, PC, Nintendo Switch
Invite into an apparently empty, abandoned baroque hotel by an artist, this game challenges players to use their minds to solve custom-made puzzles and unravel a chaotic timeline. With a mix of mystery and style, it offers a truly ambitious puzzle game experience.

PS5, Xbox, PC, Nintendo Switch
Explore the underground maze filled with pixelated animals in search of a snack. Despite its creepiness, the game’s quiet beauty shines through with luminescent plants and atmospheric sounds, creating an exquisitely clever and immersive experience.

Xbox, PC
Embark on an adventure as an archaeologist exploring recreations of the 1940s Vatican and the Pyramids of Giza, investigating ancient crypts, and facing off against Nazis. This game focuses more on puzzles, disguises, and exploration rather than combat, offering a unique take on the genre.

computer
Immerse yourself in a collection of 50 games from the (fictional) 1980s game company UFO Soft, featuring retro aesthetics and creative gameplay styles. Each game offers a unique experience worth exploring, making this collection a generous offering for indie game enthusiasts.

PS5, PC
Engage in an original action game set in a flashy world inspired by Journey to the West. With gameplay akin to Devil May Cry and Dark Souls, this game takes players on a journey through Buddhist legends and stunning scenery, offering a unique gaming experience.

Truly original…Black Myth: Goku. Photo: Game Science

PS5, PC
In this hit shooter, four players land on a planet filled with insectoid aliens and embark on a mission to eradicate them. From the gunplay to the mission design, this game is designed to entertain, offering a mix of humor and action that leads to hilarious gameplay sessions with friends.

PS4/5, Xbox, PC, Nintendo Switch
Experience the journey of a warrior and his wolf pup as they fight to repel a demon invasion and survive in a natural paradise. As the seasons progress, the wolves grow stronger, creating a visually stunning and emotionally resonant gaming experience.

PS5, Xbox, PC
Enter a pseudo-medieval fantasy world filled with challenges that require you to figure things out on your own. With a focus on exploration and problem-solving, this game offers a unique and rewarding gameplay experience for those looking for adventure and intrigue.

Adventure awaits…Dragon’s Dogma 2. Photo: Capcom

PS4/5, Xbox, PC, Nintendo Switch, smartphone
One of the year’s breakout indie hits, this chillwave, psychedelic take on poker will keep you engaged for hours. Create unique hands with a transforming deck of cards and strive to achieve higher scores with each playthrough, making victory a tantalizing yet challenging goal.

PS4/5, Xbox, PC
Immerse yourself in extraordinary art direction, an operatic soundtrack, and theatrical battles between fantasy robots and monstrous creatures, delivering a powerful message of unity and acceptance. This epic role-playing game blends philosophical themes with intense combat and unique style.

PS4/5, Xbox, PC
Although not a direct sequel, Shadow of the Erdtree expands on FromSoftware’s dark fantasy world with new enemies and locations, adding a sense of danger and intrigue to an already exceptional game. This game revitalizes the gaming experience with new challenges and possibilities.

It’s not just a sequel…Elden Ring: Shadow of the Eldtree. Photo: Bandai Namco Europe

PS5
Join a cute blue and white robot and his numerous friends in a lively galaxy adventure with the help of quirky gadgets like a backpack monkey and a rocket-powered chicken. This original and adorable game showcases the fun and innovation possible with modern console technology.

Source: www.theguardian.com

El coche de Google Maps proporciona pistas importantes en el caso de persona desaparecida en España.

A man was seen loading white bags into the back of a red Rover car in a deserted street in northern Spain.

The Google Maps camera captured a suspicious moment in the village of Tahueko in October, which later led to the arrest of two men who disappeared the previous year.

In November 2023, a Cuban national living in Spain was reported missing, sparking an investigation by the police, as reported by El Pais newspaper.

Suspicion arose after the missing man’s relatives received texts from his phone indicating a change in plans, leading to the involvement of the police.

The investigation focused on the man’s former partner and another individual, resulting in the arrest of a couple in connection with his death and disappearance.

Police praised the role of Google Maps in providing crucial evidence for solving the crime, emphasizing the images that were captured during the investigation.

Residents of Tahueco mentioned seeing the images on Google Maps but did not attach much significance to them initially.

Skip past newsletter promotions

One resident mentioned not suspecting the man in the images, while another was unaware of any sinister implications in the photo of the car trunk.

Source: www.theguardian.com

UK police chief says that young people driven to violence by selecting and mixing fear online

The leader of counter-terrorism in Britain has expressed concern that more young people, including children as young as 10, are being lured towards violence through the “mix of fear” they encounter on the internet.

Vicky Evans, the deputy commissioner of the Metropolitan Police and senior national co-ordinator for counter-terrorism, noted a shift in radicalization, stating, “There has been a significant increase in interest in extremist content that we are identifying through our crime monitoring activities.”

Evans highlighted the disturbing trend of suspects seeking out material that either lacks ideology or glorifies violence from various sources. She emphasized the shocking and alarming nature of the content encountered by law enforcement in their investigations.

The search history reveals a disturbing fascination with violence, misogyny, gore, extremism, racism, and other harmful ideologies, as well as a curated selection of frightening content.

Detectives from the Counter-Terrorism Police Network are dedicating significant resources to digital forensics to apprehend young individuals consuming extremist material, a troubling trend according to Evans.

The government introduced measures to reform the Prevent system, aimed at deterring individuals from turning to terrorism. They are also reassessing the criteria for participation in Prevent to address individuals showing interest in violence without a clear ideological motive.

Evans emphasized the persistent terrorist threat in the UK, particularly in “deep, dark hotspots” that require urgent attention. Despite efforts to prevent terrorism, the UK has experienced several attacks in recent years.

Skip past newsletter promotions

There have been 43 thwarted terrorist plots since 2017, with concerns over potential mass casualty attacks. The counter-terrorism community is also monitoring the situation in Syria for any potential threats from individuals entering or leaving the country.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Exploring the Production of Higgs Boson Pairs in Proton-Proton Collisions with the CMS Experiment

CMS Collaboration physicists used data from high-energy proton-proton collisions from Experiment 2 at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to released The latest research into the production of Higgs boson pairs, known as De-Higgs, has placed constraints on the rate of their formation.



Event display of candidate events for Higgs pair generation. Image credit: CERN.

According to physicists, Higgs particle pair can be created in two main ways.

The first is called gluon-gluon fusion, in which gluons (particles inside colliding protons) interact to produce the Higgs boson. This process allows scientists to study the interaction between one so-called intermediate state Higgs boson and two final state Higgs bosons.

The second method involves quarks, also inside the colliding protons, which emit two vector bosons. These vector particles interact to form a Higgs particle, allowing the study of the interaction between two Higgs particles and two vector particles.

CMS physicists performed the latest analysis by exploring multiple ways DeHiggs could collapse.

These final states resulted from the decay of Higgs boson pairs into bottom quarks, W particles, tau leptons, and photons.

By combining these searches and analyzing all the data simultaneously using advanced analytics techniques such as boosted decision trees and deep neural networks, the collaboration was able to extract more information than ever before. .

This study allowed the researchers to set an upper bound on the Higgs pair production rate with a 95% confidence level.

The measured limits are now 3.5 times higher than the Standard Model’s prediction for total DeHiggs production and 79 times higher than the Standard Model’s prediction for DeHiggs production by vector boson fusion.

The LHC’s Run 3 data acquisition era is underway, and the amount of data collected by CMS experiments has already doubled, and CMS researchers are making progress in analyzing it.

One of the most exciting prospects for measuring the self-interactions of the Higgs boson is the upcoming High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), scheduled to become operational in 2030.

In this new phase, the accelerator will provide CMS with the highest luminosity ever reached in a collider.

Considering luminosity predictions and systematic uncertainties, scientists estimate that the first evidence of Higgs formation may begin to appear in about half of the HL-LHC data.

“We look forward to further investigating this rare and exciting phenomenon,” they said.

_____

CMS cooperation. 2024. Combined search for non-resonant Higgs boson pair production in proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV. CMS-PAS-HIG-20-011

Source: www.sci.news

Earwig fossil discovered in Denmark dates back 55 million years

Apachius Madseni This is the first fossil representative of the mysterious earwig family Apachiidae.



Apachius Madseni. Image credit: Simonsen others., doi: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.7.5.7.

The newly described species lived in what is now Europe during the early Eocene, about 55 million years ago.

with scientific name Apachius Madsenithe ancient insect was about 1.9 centimeters (0.75 inches) long.

belongs to the genus Apacius in the family Apacidaeis part of a larger insect order Dermatoptera (commonly known as earwig).

Currently, extant species of this family are found only in south-central Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia.

They are generally characterized by relatively large, flat bodies and often bright colors.

“Today, the Apaceae family consists of 15 living species in two genera, 13 of which are Apacius And in two Dendroiketes) similarly Apachius Madseni'' said paleontologist Jan Audun Rasmussen of the Mors Museum.

“The current species are distributed in Central Africa (three species) and from India to the Philippines and Australia (the remaining species).”

The discovery of Apachius Madseni Therefore, we show that the range of Apacidae has expanded considerably, indicating that the current distribution of this family is not necessarily indicative of its past distribution or biogeographic origin. ”

almost completed single Apachius Madseni The fossil was discovered in a fur layer in Mors, northwestern Denmark.

“This fossil is the second species of Dermatoptera to be described from the fur layer, and the first representative of the enigmatic Apacidae,” the paleontologists said.

According to the authors, this formation's diatomaceous clay deposits formed the seafloor of northwestern Denmark during the early Eocene, when Denmark was completely covered by sea.

Because modern members of the Apaceae family live under the bark of trees, they believe that: Apachius Madseni It was carried to the sea covered in the bark of a tree trunk that is thought to have drifted ashore from Sweden or Norway about 55 million years ago.

“It's no surprise that we found the ancestor of this tropical and subtropical earwig family so far north as Denmark,” Dr. Rasmussen said.

“55 million years ago, the ocean that covered what is now Denmark was subtropical to almost tropical, as evidenced by the fish, bird, insect, and plant fossils found in ancient seafloor deposits on the islands of Mors and Fir. It is reflected.”

of findings appear in the diary paleoentomology.

_____

Thomas J. Simonsen others. 2024. Apachius Madseni (Dermoptera: Apacidae) sp. November discovery in the Ypresian fur layer in Denmark: the first fossil record of the mysterious earwig family Apacidae. paleoentomology 007 (5): 638-644;doi: 10.11646/Paleoentomology.7.5.7

Source: www.sci.news

New Research Explores Mysterious Qualities of Liquid Brine Found on Mars

Mars is at the extreme of salt water stability. And only the combination of the most favorable environmental conditions and the salt with the lowest eutectic temperature could stabilize brine, at least temporarily, on the surface of Mars, one researcher says. new research Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

This image of an impact crater in the Sirenum Fossai region of Mars was taken by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance rover on March 30, 2015. The crater is approximately 3,300 feet (1 km) wide and appears to be relatively recent due to its sharp edges and wells. -Stored emissions. The steep inner slopes are carved by canyons and contain slope lines that may recur on the equator-facing slopes. Image credit: NASA / JPL / University of Arizona / Alfred McEwen.

Liquid water is an important prerequisite for a habitable planet. However, the combination of Mars' low temperatures, atmospheric pressure, and water vapor pressure means that any liquid water found on Mars would likely freeze, boil, or evaporate quickly, making it unlikely that Mars exists. .

However, paleontologists continue to insist that liquid water exists on Mars.

Of particular interest is the discovery of seasonal black stripes called repeat slope lines.

These features appear in some places on Mars when temperatures rise above -23 degrees Celsius (-10 degrees Fahrenheit) and disappear when it gets colder.

They are often described as possibly being associated with liquid water.

The new study puts a damper on the idea that liquid water is likely to be found soon in Mars' recurring slopes, permafrost, or salt water.

“If we look closely at RSL, its behavior is consistent with a sand or dust flow, and water is not required for RSL formation,” said lead author Dr. Vincent Chevrier, a researcher at the University of Arkansas. said.

Other researchers believe that brine, a highly salty solution like Earth's oceans, may hold the key to finding liquid water on Mars.

Salt water can freeze at much lower temperatures, and Mars is rich in salt.

Among these salts, perchlorate appears to be the most promising because of its extremely low eutectic temperature (the temperature at which the melting point of the mixture is lower than that of the single components).

For example, calcium perchlorate brine freezes at -75 degrees Celsius (-14 degrees Fahrenheit), but the average surface temperature near the equator of Mars is -50 degrees Celsius (-58 degrees Fahrenheit), so theoretically This suggests that there may be zones where calcium coagulates. Perchlorate water can remain liquid, especially underground.

Dr. Chevrier and his colleague, Dr. Rachel Srank of the Lunar and Planetary Institute, then considered all the arguments for and against brine that could form a stable liquid.

“A variety of limiting factors, including the relatively small amount of most promising salts, water vapor pressure, and ice position, strongly limit the amount of brine present at the surface and in the shallow subsurface,” the researchers said. Ta.

“And even if saline waters formed, they would still remain uninhabitable by terrestrial standards.”

“Despite these drawbacks and limitations, there is always a possibility that Martian life adapted to these salt waters and some terrestrial life could survive in them. This is a planetary protection consideration because there is a possibility that

“Therefore, detecting brine in situ remains a key objective for Mars exploration.”

The next hurdles ahead, the authors say, are improving the equipment needed to detect small amounts of brine, better identifying the best places to look for brine, and conducting more experiments under Martian conditions. It is suggested that this is to enable room measurements to be carried out.

“Despite our best efforts to prove otherwise, Mars remains a cold, dry, and completely uninhabitable desert,” Chevrier said.

_____

Vincent F. Chevrier and Rachel A. Slank. 2024. The elusive nature of liquid brine on Mars. PNAS 121 (52): e2321067121;doi: 10.1073/pnas.2321067121

Source: www.sci.news

Cooler White Dwarfs Found to Have Less Bulge than Hotter Counterparts in Recent Study

Using a catalog of 26,041 white dwarfs observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, astronomers confirmed a long-predicted effect in these ancient, ultra-dense stars.



Concept art of two white dwarfs with the same mass but different temperatures. The hot star (left) is slightly swollen, while the cool star (right) is more compact. Image credit: Roberto Molar Candanosa / Johns Hopkins University.

At the end of their stellar evolution, stars that are not massive enough to become neutron stars or black holes eject their outer layers and leave their cores as compact remnants known as white dwarfs.

All stars with initial masses in the range of 0.07 to 8 solar masses (about 97% of all stars) end their lives as white dwarfs.

Dr Nicole Crumpler said: 'White dwarfs are a great way for us to work together to test theories underlying commonplace physics in the hope that we might discover something exotic that points to new fundamental physics. It is one of the best characterized stars ever made.” , an astrophysicist at Johns Hopkins University.

“If you want to look for dark matter, quantum gravity, and other unusual things, you need to have a good understanding of normal physics.”

“Otherwise, what seems novel may just be a new manifestation of an effect we already know.”

The new study was based on measurements of how these extreme conditions affect the light waves emitted by white dwarf stars.

As light moves away from such a huge object, it loses energy in the process of escaping gravity and gradually turns red.

This redshift effect stretches light waves like a rubber band so they can be measured with telescopes.

This is caused by the distortion of space-time caused by extreme gravity, as predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity.

By averaging measurements of a white dwarf's motion with respect to Earth and grouping them according to gravity and size, astronomers can isolate gravitational redshifts to determine how high temperatures affect the volume of their gaseous outer layers. We measured the impact it had.

The team's 2020 study of 3,000 white dwarfs confirmed that electron degeneracy pressure causes stars to shrink as their mass increases. Electron degeneracy pressure is a quantum mechanical process that keeps dense nuclei stable for billions of years without the need for the nuclear fusion that normally underpins our sun and other planets. Types of stars.

“Until now, we haven't had enough data to confidently confirm the subtle but important effects of increasing temperature on the mass-size relationship,” Crumpler said.

“The next frontier may be detecting very subtle differences in the chemical composition of the cores of white dwarf stars of different masses,” said Dr. Nadia Zakamska, an astrophysicist at Johns Hopkins University.

“The maximum mass a star can have to form a white dwarf, as opposed to a neutron star or a black hole, is not completely understood.”

“These increasingly precise measurements will help test and refine theories about this and other poorly understood processes in the evolution of massive stars.”

“This observation could also help in attempts to discover signatures of dark matter, such as axions and other hypothetical particles,” Crumpler said.

“By providing a more detailed picture of the structure of white dwarfs, these data could be used to reveal the signals of certain models of dark matter that cause interference patterns in our galaxy.”

“If two white dwarfs are in the same dark matter interference patch, the dark matter will change the structure of these stars in the same way.”

Although dark matter has gravity, it does not emit light or energy that can be seen with telescopes.

Scientists have learned that the sun makes up most of the matter in the universe because its gravity affects stars, galaxies, and other space objects in the same way that it affects the orbits of planets. I am.

“We've been banging our heads against the wall trying to figure out what dark matter is, and I'd say we've been caught flat-footed,” Crumpler said.

“We know a lot about what dark matter is not, and there are limits to what dark matter can and cannot do, but we still don't know what it is.”

“That's why it's so important to understand simple objects like white dwarfs, because they give us hope of discovering what dark matter is.”

of study will appear in astrophysical journal.

_____

Nicole R. Crumpler others. 2024. Detection of temperature dependence of mass radius and gravitational redshift of white dwarfs. APJ 977, 237;doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad8ddc

Source: www.sci.news

Mars’ polar regions covered in white due to carbon dioxide ice

Planetary scientists using ESA's Mars Express spacecraft's high-resolution stereo camera have captured stunning images of Earth's mysterious landscapes. Australe Scopri Region in the southern hemisphere of the red planet.

Frozen landscape of the Australe Skopli region on Mars' south pole. Image credit: ESA / DLR / FU Berlin.

“Here, a layer of carbon dioxide ice and dust envelops the site, turning Mars white,” ESA researchers said in a statement.

“The contrasting light and dark layers are especially striking on the exposed surfaces of hills and valleys.”

“They track the seasonal polar layered deposits characteristic of the region, which form when layers of ice freeze and trap varying amounts of dust within them. It is something that will be done.”

“It's probably better to take a sled ride, but either way, dress warmly, because it's -125 degrees Celsius (-193 Fahrenheit) outside so it's cold,” they added.

“Skiers and sledders on Mars will have to slalom around potentially hundreds of dust jets.”

“That's because ski season is almost over and it's starting to look like spring, or even summer. This image was taken on June 16, 2022, near the Antarctic summer solstice.”

If you zoom in on the image above, you can see numerous dark spots where the ice has already sublimated. This is a sure sign that the sun's warming rays have been hitting the area for some time.

“When sunlight hits the translucent upper layer of carbon dioxide ice, it warms the underlying surface,” the scientists explained.

“The ice at the bottom of the layer begins to sublimate, forming pockets of trapped gas.”

“As the pressure increases, the overlying ice suddenly cracks, causing gas to burst out from the surface.”

“These gas fountains carry black dust from below, which falls to the surface in a fan-shaped pattern depending on the prevailing wind direction.”

“Fan lengths range from tens of meters to hundreds of meters.”

“If you look more closely, it often appears that the fans follow the boundaries between polar layered deposits.”

“Perhaps these boundaries represent zones of weakness, from which escaping dust-laden jets can more easily break through the ice layer.”

“We may have missed the chance to create 'Frosty the Snowman,' but it's still a wonderful time of year on Mars.”

Source: www.sci.news

New research suggests the moon could be older than initially estimated

overview

  • New research suggests the moon may be older than many scientists thought.
  • This study suggests that the moon rock samples taken during the Apollo missions date back to an event in which the moon's surface melted, rather than the moment the moon formed.
  • Therefore, the authors believe that the Moon formed about 4.51 billion years ago, which is more than 100 million years earlier than the generally accepted estimate.

The moon may be more than 100 million years older than some scientists previously thought, according to a new study.

The study was published on Wednesday. journal naturechallenges long-held ideas The moon is thought to have formed about 4.35 billion years ago after an object the size of Mars crashed into the early Earth and created our natural satellite.

That timeline is based on analysis of lunar rock samples taken during NASA's Apollo mission. But new research shows that the moon formed much earlier, about 4.51 billion years ago, and then underwent a dramatic “remelting” phenomenon around the time other scientists thought the moon first formed. It suggests that you have experienced it.

According to the authors, the melting occurred because Earth's constant gravitational pull distorted the moon and made it extremely hot as it moved away from Earth. According to the study, this process altered the moon's surface and hid the moon's true age.

The study's lead author, Francis Nimmo, a professor in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at the University of California, Santa Cruz, said the extreme heating caused the moon's surface to re-melt, effectively “resetting all the clocks” on the moon's rocks. 'There is a possibility.

“So moon rocks don't tell us when the moon formed, but they tell us when subsequent events that heated the moon occurred,” he says.

The scientific community has disagreed for decades about the exact age of the moon. Nimmo and his colleagues are not the first to offer older estimates. This new discovery adds to the growing consensus that there may be more to the moon's history than the Apollo samples revealed.

For example, planetary scientists have wondered how a massive collision occurred 4.35 billion years ago, when most large objects in the history of the solar system were thought to have already come together to form planets. I have had a hard time explaining why the moon was formed.

“Those who studied the Apollo samples had reasonable guesses about the moon's age, but those who modeled how the planets in our solar system formed are wondering why so much material still remains after 200 million years. “It was always difficult to explain why the solar system was still flying,” Nimmo said. “That's the way it is, and the two camps want different ages.”

The adjusted schedule by Nimmo's team may also help explain why. A mineral called zircon found on the moon It was discovered in Apollo's moon rock and is estimated to be approximately 4.5 billion years old. The moon's zircons, like other minerals on the moon, were thought to have crystallized during the moon's extreme temperatures, but their much older age has long puzzled scientists. .

In a new study, Nimmo and his colleagues suggest that the moon's overheating is the product of a process known as “tidal heating.”

“There are certain spots where the moon's orbit can be temporarily thrown off as it gets pushed aside,” Nimmo said. “During that time, the moon can be squeezed and stretched by Earth's gravity, which causes it to heat up.”

Similar tidal heating is thought to occur between Jupiter and its moons. a 2020 survey Researchers have discovered that the gas giant's gravity can stretch and squeeze some of its icy moons to the point where they heat up their interiors and melt rocks into magma. It is believed that this also applies to Jupiter's moon Io.

Recent and upcoming lunar missions could provide better insight into the moon's evolutionary history, Nimmo said. This includes China's Chang'e 6 mission, which collected samples from…

“The evolution of the solar system was very rapid. In just tens of millions of years, all the objects we know today were formed,” Munker said. “That's why we need very good temporal resolution for these very early events and why it's important to understand how the Earth-Moon system formed.”

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Unveiling the Scientific Techniques for Baking the Ultimate Holiday Gingerbread

It wouldn’t be Christmas without the smell of freshly baked gingerbread wafting through your home. A blend of warming spices and rich molasses, it’s a must-have snack on a winter’s day. And when I was a kid, it was always gingerbread that I fed Santa every Christmas Eve. In fact, gingerbread might be my favorite biscuit. It has the perfect balance of crunch and chewing power.

I’d like to think I know a thing or two about how to accomplish that. Participated in the 2023 series. Great British Bake Off He also received the notoriously difficult handshake from judge Paul Hollywood during Biscuit Week.

My success lies in the careful application of science to the art of baking. So let me share some key insights you need to bake gingerbread that will really turn heads, and the science behind why they’re so important. I’m a chemist by trade, so I eschew the traditional gingerbread house and instead assemble biscuits to create a stand-alone Christmas ‘chemistry’. Drool was already coming out of my mouth.

As with all biscuits, the first step is to prepare the dry ingredients. Flour, sugar, spices, and baking soda (see “Ingredients and Instructions” on the right) are required, and each has an important role to play. The flour acts as a binder and helps form the structure of the biscuit, while the sugar caramelizes to create sweetness, color, and texture.

Gingerbread’s flavor comes from a blend of spices, with ginger and cinnamon being the main ingredients.

Source: www.newscientist.com

Diamond Wafers for Electronics: A Thin and Adhesive Solution

Ultra-flexible thin diamond wafer

This thin diamond wafer is also very flexible

Nature, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08218-x

A new method of using adhesive tape to create ultrathin diamond wafers could aid in the production of diamond-based electronics, which may one day provide a useful alternative to silicon-based designs.

Diamond is an excellent insulator, and at the same time has unusual electronic properties that allow electrons with a certain energy to move with little resistance. This means it can handle high energy with higher efficiency than traditional silicon chip designs.

However, manufacturing practical diamond chips requires large, very thin wafers, similar to the thin silicon wafers used to make modern computer chips, which have proven difficult to create.

now, Chu Zhiqing and colleagues at the University of Hong Kong have discovered a way to use adhesive tape to fabricate extremely thin and flexible diamond wafers.

Chu and his colleagues first embedded nano-sized diamonds in a small silicon wafer and then sprayed methane gas at high temperatures onto them to form a continuous, thin sheet of diamond. Next, we made a small crack on one side of the pasted diamond sheet, and then used regular adhesive tape to peel off the diamond layer.

They say that this exfoliated diamond sheet is extremely thin, less than a micrometer, much thinner than a human hair, and smooth enough to use the kind of etching techniques used to make silicon chips. I discovered.

“This is very reminiscent of the early days of graphene, when cellophane tape was used to produce the first monolayers of graphene from graphite. I never imagined this concept would be applied to diamond. “I did,” he says. julie macpherson At the University of Warwick, UK.

“This new edge-exposed delamination method will enable numerous device designs and experimental approaches,” he says. Mete Atature at Cambridge University. One area that could be particularly useful is increasing control over quantum devices that use diamonds as sensors, he says.

Chu and his colleagues say the diamond films they can produce are about 5 centimeters in diameter, showing that the method works as a proof of principle. andrea ferrari But that’s smaller than the 20 to 30 centimeters that are standard in many wafer processes, and it’s not clear whether the new method can be scaled up, he says.

The manufactured wafers also appear to be polycrystalline, but they are not as smooth and regular as single-crystal diamond, which may limit their use in some applications, McPherson said.

topic:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Microrobot swarm replicates incredible ant feats

Robots the size of a grain of sand work together like ants

Jung Jae-wi et al.

Swarms of small robots guided by magnetic fields can coordinate and act like ants, even swarming to form floating rafts or lifting objects hundreds of times their weight. The microrobots, which are about the size of a grain of sand, could one day be able to perform tasks that larger robots cannot, such as unclogging blood vessels or delivering drugs to specific parts of the human body.

Jung Jaewi and his colleagues at South Korea's Hanyang University built the tiny, cubic-shaped robot using a mold and epoxy resin embedded with a magnetic alloy. These tiny magnetic particles allow the microrobot to be “programmed” to form different configurations after being exposed to a strong magnetic field from a specific angle. The bot is controlled by an external magnetic field and can perform rotations and other movements. This approach allowed the team to “efficiently and quickly manufacture hundreds to thousands of microrobots” with magnetic profiles designed for specific missions, Wee said.

The researchers instructed swarms of microrobots to work together to overcome obstacles five times higher than individual microrobots and form floating rafts on water. The bot also punched through a clogged tube and transported tablets weighing 2000 times their individual weight through a liquid, demonstrating potential medical applications.

“These magnetic microrobots hold great promise for minimally invasive drug delivery in confined, confined spaces,” he says. small guangdong from Vanderbilt University in Tennessee was not involved in the study. However, microrobots are not yet capable of autonomously navigating complex and narrow spaces such as arteries.

There are also safety challenges, Dong said, including the need to coat “potentially toxic” magnetic particles with human-friendly materials. Still, he says he's optimistic about future medical applications for such microrobots. When safe, bots can “effectively travel to targeted disease sites and deliver drugs locally,” making treatments more precise and effective.

topic:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Unlocking the potential of your brain community could hold the key to anti-aging. Here’s why.

Good neighborhoods are defined by the people who reside there. The presence of a helpful individual can enhance the community, while a negative neighbor can detract from its overall quality. The same concept applies to the brain, as revealed in a recent study indicating that brain cells behave like communities. Some cells contribute to a nurturing environment, promoting health and resilience in adjacent cells, while others spread stress and damage like bad neighbors.

Throughout one’s life, the composition of this brain community influences the aging process. Negative relationships can accelerate aging and lead to issues such as memory loss, while a healthy brain community can work collectively to combat aging. Researchers at Stanford University believe that these findings could potentially inform the development of treatments to slow or reverse aging.

Published in the journal Nature, the study identified 17 cells that influence aging positively or negatively. Notably, T cells and neurons were highlighted for their significant impact as bad and good neighbors, respectively. T cells, typically involved in fighting infections, can contribute to inflammation in the brain and hasten aging, while neural stem cells play a vital role in rejuvenation and maintaining a youthful brain.

The researchers conducted gene activity mapping across 2.3 million cells in the mouse brain, constructing a “spatial aging clock” to predict the biological age of individual cells. This innovative approach could lead to new biological discoveries and interventions, such as inhibiting pro-aging factors released by T cells or enhancing the efficacy of neural stem cells.

These findings have implications for understanding diseases like Alzheimer’s and potential strategies to strengthen the brain’s natural repair mechanisms and prevent cognitive decline. The research offers hope for uncovering ways to support brain health and combat aging-related challenges.

Read more:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Impact of Horrific Content: Ex-Facebook Moderator Shares How Job Took a Toll

WWhen James Irungu took a new job at technology outsourcing company Summersource, his manager gave him few details before training began. However, the role was so sought after that his salary almost doubled to £250 a month. Additionally, it provided a way out of Kibera, a vast slum on the outskirts of Nairobi where he lived with his young family.

“I thought I was one of the lucky ones,” the 26-year-old said. But then he finds himself examining a trove of violent and sexually explicit material, including tragic accidents, suicides, beheadings, and child abuse.

“I remember logging in one day and seeing a child with a huge slit in his stomach, suffering but not dead,” the Kenyan told the Guardian. When he saw the subject matter of child exploitation, he said, “that’s when I really knew this was something different.”

He was hired by Samasource to moderate Facebook’s content and eliminate the most harmful posts. Some of the most painful images were etched into his mind, sometimes causing him to wake up in night sweats. He kept it to himself for fear that opening up about his work would cause discomfort, concern, or criticism from others.

His wife, annoyed by his “secrecy,” gradually became estranged from him. Irungu continued to work for three years, resigned to the possibility of their separation and convinced that he was protecting her. He says he regrets pushing.

“I don’t think it’s a job for humans,” he says. “I became really isolated from the real world because I started to think of it as a very dark place.” He became afraid to take his daughter away from his eyes.

“If you ask yourself, was it worth sacrificing your mental health for that money, the answer is no.”

Another former host said some of his colleagues dropped out after being alarmed by some of the content. But she found purpose in managers’ assurances that their work protects users, including young children like her.

“I felt like I was helping people,” she said. However, when I stopped, I realized that what I had taken for granted until now was now a problem.

She recalled screaming in the middle of her office floor after seeing one horrifying scene. She said it was as if nothing had happened, except for a few glances from co-workers and a team leader pulling her aside to tell her he was “going to wellness” for counseling. The wellness counselor told her to take a break and get that image out of her head.

“How do you forget when you get back on the floor after a 15-minute break and move on to the next thing?” she said. She questioned whether the counselor was a qualified psychotherapist and said the moderator would never escalate a mental health case, no matter what she saw or how distressed she was.

She was the kind of person who entertained friends at every opportunity, but she rarely left the house, cried over the deaths of people she didn’t know, felt numb, struggled mentally, and at times struggled with suicidal thoughts. Ta.

“This job damaged me and I could never go back,” the woman said, adding that the lawsuit will impact Africa’s content moderation industry as global demand for such services grows. I hope that you will give me.

“Things have to change,” she said. “I don’t want anyone to go through what we did.”

Source: www.theguardian.com

Entire Mastodon Jaw Fossil Discovered in New York Backyard

A momentous (or more accurately prehistoric) finding was unearthed just below the Earth’s surface on a New York homeowner’s lawn.

A full mastodon jaw was found in the backyard of a house in Scotchtown, a town in Orange County, as confirmed by state officials. The New York State Museum and the State University of New York at Orange researchers retrieved the jaw and additional bone fragments, as announced by the state Department of Education in a press release on Tuesday.

It has been over 11 years since a discovery of this kind has been made in New York.

The mastodon jaw, presumed to belong to an adult, was discovered by researchers after a homeowner noticed it surfacing on his lawn. Initially, the homeowner found two teeth hidden in plants on the property, and after some digging, two more teeth were discovered.

“Upon finding the tooth and examining it closely, we knew it was unique and decided to seek out an expert,” stated the homeowner.

Following this, museum and university staff conducted an excavation that led to the unveiling of the well-preserved jaw of a mastodon, an ancient relative of present-day elephants. Additionally, part of a toe bone and rib fragments were found.

Mastodon jaw unearthed in backyard in Scotchtown, New York new york state museum

“Though the jaw is the highlight, the additional toe and rib fragments provide valuable context and possibilities for further research,” said Dr. Corey Harris, chair of the Department of Behavioral Sciences at New York University at Orange. “We are also keen on exploring the surrounding area to look for more preserved bones.”

The fossil will undergo carbon dating and analysis to determine the mammal’s time of existence in the area, its dietary habits, and habitat details. The discovery will be showcased on public television as of 2025 and is expected to be featured in magazines.

“This finding proves New York’s rich paleontological history and our persistent efforts to understand the past,” said Robert Ferra, Director of Research and Collections and Curator of Ice Age Animals at the New York State Museum. Dr. Neck mentioned, “This mastodon jaw offers a unique chance to study the ecology of this extraordinary species and enhance our comprehension of the ice age ecosystems in the region.”

To date, approximately 150 mastodon fossils have been found in New York, with about one-third of them located in Orange County.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Rumors of Disturbing Drone Sightings in New Jersey Spark Interest

KIle Breeze, 36, works remotely for an insurance company and lives in Ocean Township, New Jersey, a quiet suburb with tree-covered streets not far from the beach. Last Saturday night, he was inside his house with his wife and two children, let his elderly dog ​​Bruce out into the backyard, and then looked up.

There was an unmistakable floating object in the sky. It’s not as high as a planet or star, but it’s about as high as an airplane.

“It’s not just an airplane hovering there,” he explained. “What it looked like, it was so high up that it was hard to see, but it was like a red light and a white light.”

Brees said he and his wife had seen others on their way to dinner the previous day. Her mother, Luan, 68, said she also saw bright white and red lights floating in the night sky.

“To me, it’s like they’re looking for something,” Luan said of the drones. “My concern is that we have an ammunition base here in New Jersey.”

The Brees family isn’t the only one noting the disturbing activity of drones and some types of airborne vehicles popping up across the state. Thousands of people have called local police, the FBI and even the Department of Defense about the relentless swarm of drones that suddenly appeared in New Jersey airspace last month.

“The FBI has received more than 5,000 reports of drone sightings in the past few weeks, resulting in approximately 100 leads, and the federal government is assisting state and local authorities in investigating these reports. ” said a joint statement released by the FBI and the department. Department of Homeland Security, Department of Defense, and Federal Aviation Administration.

“We have sent advanced detection technology into the area, and we have sent trained visual observers.”

So far, authorities have remained tight-lipped. Everything authorities see looks like a combination of a hobbyist drone, a helicopter, an airplane, and a star, he said. But Neighbors, created by the company that created Ring surveillance cameras, allowed New Jersey residents to spam the app, which is used for crime and safety updates, with videos of floating orbs and suspicious night lights. are.

Some say they are aliens who infiltrated Iranian drones originating from a mothership off the Atlantic coast. Maybe it’s a secret weapon experiment.

“I heard it was Al Qaeda,” one man who lives near Ocean Township, an off-duty firefighter who did not want to be identified, told the Guardian.

Whatever it is, residents of the Garden State, known for legendary rock stars Jon Bon Jovi and Bruce Springsteen, are buzzing about drones.

The consensus was that while it was strange at first, there was no need to worry. Well, most people want answers.

Sightings are common during the summer in coastal towns like Asbury Park, a popular vacation destination. There are rumors among local residents that drones don’t come out when it rains and that they originate from the sea.

“I started watching it two weeks ago,” said Garrett Openshaw, 24, who works as a maintenance worker at the Asbury Hotel near the waterfront. “In front of the press”

On a cold night in early December, he went out onto the roof of his hotel. Folded beach chairs are usually spread out on the rooftop for sunbathing during the warmer months. As I stared out into the open ocean, I saw the unmistakable red, green, and white lights that I remember seeing as at least 12 sedan-sized drones flying all at once.

“There’s always something going on in this town,” said Colin Lynch, 26, the hotel’s food and beverage manager, who witnessed the drone swarm with Openshaw. “It’s hard to tell if they’re just filming a movie or something else.”

In between discussions of UFOs and government secrets, Asbury Park residents also gossip about celebrity sightings in the city, which is the location for a Springsteen biopic starring Jeremy Allen White.

“Look at this,” Openshaw said as he toggled through the drone’s homemade video, landing on a photo of him and Allen White from the start.

At Frank’s Deli, a popular diner and recent filming location for the film, staff members are excitedly discussing the theories behind the sightings.

“They’re having kind of a drone watching party on Long Beach Island,” said Daniel Coyle, a diner server wearing a green and red Christmas hat. She said some of her colleagues and friends, “men in their 40s,” had gone to the coastal island to look for drone sightings.

Some people in town have more sinister questions.

At Kim Marie’s, a local Irish bar with a low wooden ceiling a block from the boardwalk, people were commenting on the drones. Kathy Miller, 26, said she saw two drones near Monroe, where she lives, and showed a video of the moment.

“We’re looking at two people, one close together, one far away, and the second one turns the exact same corner 30 or 40 seconds apart, chasing it. ” she said in the video’s voiceover.

Miller continued: “Then I saw two more people, and they were all turning the same corner. I think there were five or six in total…I heard a hum, but it was pretty low, not that high. Probably 200 or 300 feet.

Miller said her TikTok and Instagram feeds are filled with similar cell phone videos, and rightly pointed out that she can’t tell if some of them were generated by artificial intelligence.

“It’s so hard to know now,” she said. “I saw a video of them firing at something and I thought, ‘Is that fake or is it really real?'” Impersonation is so easy now. ”

But for Brees, the lights lurking in the sky overlooking his town are both very real and disconcerting.

“It’s weird because I have kids,” he said. “Are they filming or is this a creepy thing happening with the camera?”

Source: www.theguardian.com

Chinese AI Chip Company Recently Blacklisted Over Arms Concerns Now Granted Access to UK Technology

Chinese engineers are developing artificial intelligence chips for use in “advanced weapons systems” and have been granted access to cutting-edge British technology, as reported by the Guardian.

Moore Thread and Viren Technology, described as “China’s leading AI chip designers,” have been subject to U.S. export controls for their chip development. It is noted that the technology can provide artificial intelligence capabilities for the advancement of weapons of mass destruction, advanced weapons systems, and high-tech surveillance applications that raise national security concerns.

Before being blacklisted in the US in 2023, the companies had a broad license with UK-based Imagination Technologies, known for its expertise in designing advanced microchips essential for AI systems.

Imagination Technologies, a representative of the UK technology industry, denied intentionally trying to relocate its cutting-edge secrets to China. Representatives from Imagination confirmed the existence of licenses to Moore Thread and Viren Technology.

Allegations have arisen regarding Imagination’s partnerships with Chinese companies and the potential risks of knowledge transfer. Tensions between business with China and national security concerns have been highlighted by these developments.

Since 2020, at least three Chinese companies have obtained licenses to use Imagination’s chip designs, raising concerns about the potential misuse of intellectual property.

Imagination has worked closely with Apple in the past, contributing to the development of iPhone chips. However, concerns have been raised about the risks of sharing too much of its intellectual property with Chinese companies.

The acquisition of Imagination by a Chinese-backed buyer in 2017 raised further concerns about technology transfer and national security implications.

Imagination’s arrangements with Chinese customers are considered “totally normal” and have been described as limited in scope, duration, and usage rights.

Imagination’s policy of not doing business with companies on the US government’s Entity List raises questions about the termination of licenses granted to Chinese companies in October 2023.

A new report from the UK and China transparency research institute sheds light on further questions surrounding Chinese companies’ relationships with Imagination.

Moore Thread and Biren Technology, two Chinese chipmakers, have faced scrutiny for their development of GPUs for AI systems with potential ties to Imagination’s technology.

Funding for Biren Technology comes from the Russia-China Investment Fund, sparking concerns about deepening alliances between China and Moscow in the tech industry.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Study suggests nasal fungus may be the cause of your allergies

It’s that time of the year again when runny nose season has already arrived. However, for some people, runny noses are a year-round struggle due to allergies. In fact, an estimated 25-40% of people worldwide are affected by allergic rhinitis, a condition that causes inflammation of the nose’s mucous membranes.

So, what’s behind this constant sniffing? Scientists may have an answer: individuals with allergies harbor a variety of fungi in their noses.

Despite this discovery, the presence of any fungus in our noses is quickly countered by our immune system. We all have fungi in our nasal mycobiome, a diverse community of fungal microorganisms that reside in our nostrils and sinuses, contributing to our overall microbial diversity essential for maintaining a healthy immune system and fighting off harmful pathogens.

In a study on nasal mycobiome, researchers collected nasal swabs from 214 allergic patients and 125 healthy individuals. The swabs showed significant differences in the prevalence and diversity of nasal fungi between the two groups, with allergic patients exhibiting more abundant and diverse mycobiomes.

“These findings suggest that the nasal cavity serves as a reservoir for fungi that may contribute to allergic rhinitis,” said Dr. Luis Delgado, a Professor at the University of Porto, Portugal, and one of the authors of a new study published in 2006 in the journal Frontiers of Microbiology.

The study also identified specific metabolic pathways more common in the fungal communities of allergic rhinitis patients, potentially paving the way for future allergy treatments.

For more information, click here:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

A new study suggests that Saturn’s rings could be as ancient as the planet itself

Saturn’s icy rings may be much older than they appear, as they are resistant to contamination from collisions with rocky debris.



Hyodo others. This suggests that the apparent youthfulness of Saturn’s rings may be due to resistance to pollution, rather than an indication that they were formed at a young age. Image credits: NASA / ESA / Hubble / A. Simon, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center / MH Wong, University of California, Berkeley / OPAL team.

Saturn’s rings were once thought to be ancient, perhaps forming at the same time as Saturn itself, about 4.5 billion years ago.

Over time, it is thought that the rock and ice particles that make up the ring become dirty and darkened by micrometeorite impacts.

However, when NASA’s Cassini spacecraft reached Saturn in 2004, it observed that Saturn’s rings appeared relatively bright and clean.

“According to the hypothesis that non-icy micrometeorite impacts act to darken Saturn’s rings over time, Saturn’s rings are estimated to be approximately 100 million to 400 million years old. “Cassini observations show that the particles in the rings appear to be relatively clean,” said Dr. Tatsuki Hyodo of Tokyo University of Science and colleagues.

“These younger age estimates assume that the rings formed from pure water ice particles with high accretion efficiency impacting non-ice micrometeorite material.”

In the new study, researchers used a computer model to simulate the collision between a micrometeorite and an ice ring particle.

They found that high-velocity collisions can cause the micrometeorite to evaporate, and that vapor can expand, cool, and condense in Saturn’s magnetic field to form charged nanoparticles and ions.

The researchers’ simulations showed that these charged particles could either collide with Saturn, be dragged into the atmosphere, or escape Saturn’s gravity altogether.

As a result, scientists suggest that little of this material builds up on the rings, keeping them relatively clean.

They say very low pollution levels mean Saturn’s rings are actually billions of years old and are simply maintaining a more youthful appearance. suggests that it is possible.

Although more research is needed, this process may also occur in the rings of Uranus and Neptune, as well as in the icy moons around the giant planets.

“High-velocity collisions leading to the production of charged nanoparticles and ions could potentially occur in places such as the rings of Uranus and Neptune or the icy moons around the giant planets,” the authors said.

“While this mechanism may not change the bulk composition of the impacted target, it suggests that the surface composition may change.”

“Furthermore, the new material from the impactor may not be efficiently incorporated into the satellite’s rings or surface and may be transported elsewhere.”

“Thus, most of the compositional differences observed in the various ring systems of giant planets may be due to their formation processes, for example when building materials come from outside the system, rather than to their post-formation dynamics.” There is a sex.”

of study Published in this week’s magazine natural earth science.

_____

Takashi Hyodo others. Pollution resistance of Saturn’s ring particles during micrometeoroid impact. nut. earth sciencepublished online on December 16, 2024. doi: 10.1038/s41561-024-01598-9

Source: www.sci.news

Genetic Variation Decides Tooth Shape, Scientists Discover

According to a study led by researchers at University College London, one of these genetic variations was inherited from Neanderthals.

El Sidrón Neanderthals taste wild mushrooms, pine nuts, and forest moss. Image credit: Abel Grau, CSIC Communication.

“Teeth can tell us a lot about human evolution. Well-preserved ancient teeth are of particular interest to archaeologists, as we learned from the transition to cooked foods and when human teeth began to shrink in size.” We will highlight milestones such as when the , a researcher at University College London.

“However, little is known about the genetic basis of differences in tooth size and shape in modern humans, partly because teeth are difficult to measure.”

“We have now identified a large number of genes that influence tooth development, some of which are responsible for differences between ethnic groups.”

In the study, Dr. Adhikari and his colleagues used data from 882 Colombian volunteers of European, Native American, and African descent.

The dataset included crown measurements (dimensions of the part of the tooth visible above the gums) taken from 3D scans of dental plaster casts.

The researchers compared these measurements to participants' genetic information in genome-wide association studies, using an analytical approach called multi-omics that integrates numerous data sources.

They identified 18 genomic regions that influence the size and shape of different tooth groups, 17 of which had not previously been associated with tooth dimensions.

One of the new connections concerned genes thought to have been inherited from Neanderthals through interbreeding with ancient humans. homo sapiens.

This genetic variation, which contributes to the biological pathway of tooth development, is found only in people of European descent, and carriers of the mutation have thinner incisors (the eight teeth located at the front of the mouth). The thickness of the tooth was measured from back to front).

Generally speaking, people of European descent had smaller teeth.

Scientists also found a link between tooth dimensions and a gene already known to influence the shape of incisors in East Asians, but the new study shows that this gene, called EDAR, It turns out that it also determines the width of all teeth.

“Some of the genes that contribute to normal variations in tooth dimensions in healthy people may also contribute to pathogenic variations, such as tooth growth failure and other dental health conditions,” said a researcher at Fudan University. said researcher Dr. Chin Lee.

“We hope that our findings will have medical benefits, such as people with certain dental problems being able to undergo genetic testing to help diagnose them, and dental abnormalities one day being treated with gene therapy.” I hope.”

“Our findings did not reveal whether the genes that specify tooth shape were selected during evolution for special benefits for dental health. “Differences that occur as a side effect may have been selected for the shape of the area as well as its influence on other areas,” said Professor Andres Luis Linares, a researcher at University College London, Fudan University, and Aix-Marseille University. said.

a paper The findings were published in a magazine on December 12th. current biology.

_____

Chin Lee others. PITX2 Expression and Neanderthal gene introgression HS3ST3A1 Contributes to changes in tooth dimensions in modern humans. current biologypublished online on December 12, 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.11.027

Source: www.sci.news

Binary star system found in close proximity to the central black hole of the Milky Way galaxy

Using data from ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the Keck Telescope, astronomers detected a binary star system in the S star cluster near Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. I discovered it. This is the first time that a binary star has been discovered near a supermassive black hole.

This image shows the location of binary star D9 orbiting Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. Image credit: ESO / Peißker et al. / S. Guizard.

Sagittarius A* is orbited by fast stars and dusty objects collectively known as the S cluster.

Binary star systems (two stars gravitationally bound to each other around a common center of mass) are predicted to exist within the S cluster, but have not been detected so far.

Previous studies have suggested that such stars are unlikely to be stabilized by their interactions with Sagittarius A*.

“Black holes are not as destructive as we think,” says Florian Peisker, an astronomer at the University of Cologne.

“Our findings show that some binaries can temporarily thrive even under disruptive conditions.”

The newly discovered binary star, named D9, is estimated to be just 2.7 million years old.

Due to the strong gravity of the nearby black hole, it will probably merge into a single star within just a million years, a very short time for such a young system.

“This only provides a short window on the cosmic timescale for observing such binary star systems, but we succeeded,” said Dr. Emma Bordier, also from the University of Cologne. Ta.

“The D9 system shows clear signs of gas and dust surrounding the star, suggesting it may be a very young system that must have formed near a supermassive black hole. ” said Dr. Michal Zajacek. Astronomer at Masaryk University and the University of Cologne.

The most mysterious of the S clusters are the G objects, which behave like stars but look like clouds of gas and dust.

It was while observing these mysterious objects that the research team discovered a surprising pattern in D9.

“This result sheds new light on what the mysterious G-objects are,” the authors said.

“They may actually be a combination of binaries that have not yet merged and leftover material from stars that have already merged.”

“Planets often form around young stars, so this discovery allows us to speculate about their existence,” Dr. Pisker said.

“It seems like it’s only a matter of time before planets are detected at the center of the galaxy.”

a paper This discovery was published in today’s magazine nature communications.

_____

F. Peisker others. 2024. A binary star system in the S star cluster near the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*. Nat Commune 15, 10608; doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54748-3

Source: www.sci.news

NASA astronauts to extend their stay in space by boarding Boeing spacecraft

NASA announced on Tuesday that two astronauts have been stranded on the International Space Station since a problem with their Boeing spacecraft in June. Due to delays, they will have to remain there even longer.

The next astronaut launch to the ISS, originally scheduled for February, has been postponed to late March. This is to allow the new SpaceX spacecraft used for the mission more time to complete processing.

The four crew members currently on board the station must wait for the next crew member to arrive before departing in another SpaceX Dragon capsule. Among them are NASA astronauts Suni Williams and Butch Wilmore, who are set to embark on the first test flight of Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft.

Originally planned to spend about a week on the space station, Williams and Wilmore have now been living and working in orbit for over nine months, including additional time due to the recent delay.

Typically, new crew members overlap with departing crew members for a short period on the ISS, known as the handover period. During this time, astronauts exchange information about ongoing experiments, maintenance projects, and other protocols.

When Williams and Wilmore finally depart, NASA astronaut Nick Haig and Russian cosmonaut Alexander Gorbunov will also return home with them.

December 2, 2024, ISS astronaut Suni Williams.
NASA (via Flickr)

According to officials, the new Dragon capsule scheduled for launch in late March should arrive at NASA’s processing facility in Florida in early January. Steve Stich, NASA’s commercial crew program manager, emphasized the meticulous attention to detail required in manufacturing, assembling, testing, and integrating a new spacecraft.

The capsule, known as Crew 10, will be launched by NASA astronauts Anne McClain and Nicole Ayers, Russian cosmonaut Kirill Peskov, and Japanese cosmonaut Takuya Onishi. Until then, the quartet will continue training for the mission at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Scientists release updated primate evolutionary lineage

Primates, consisting of apes, monkeys, tarsiers, and lemurs, are among the most charismatic and well-studied animals on Earth.

Phylogeny of 455 primates synthesized using Chrono-STA. The roots of the phylogeny were discovered 71.3 million years ago. The crown of Strepsirrhini is 57 million years old, and the crown of Haplorrhini is 68.5 million years old. The crown of the eyelid is 42.2 million years old. Image credit: Craig others., doi: 10.3389/fbinf.2024.1495417.

Primate mammals consist of 172 species of Old World apes and monkeys (Cataluni), 146 species of New World monkeys (Platyria), and 144 species of lemurs, lorises, and galagos (Strepsilini).

Primates exhibit some of the most remarkable behaviors observed in nature. Chimpanzees use specially chosen sticks to “fish” for termites inside hollow logs, while orangutans use leaves as gloves to handle the prickly durian fruit.

Although they are some of the most intensely studied species on Earth, there is no comprehensive molecular phylogenetic hypothesis about the evolutionary history of primates that summarizes the patterns and timing of relationships among all primates. plug.

Such phylogenetic trees use molecular sequence data to tell us both when each species or group of species first appeared and which other groups on the tree are their closest relatives. Masu.

The largest timed molecular phylogenetic tree, called the “Time Tree,” includes just over 200 primate species to date, but the largest synthetic time tree, based on more than 4,000 published studies, , containing only twice that number, and about one-fifth of the primates remaining. The tree of life is unresolved.

“The value of a timed evolutionary tree that includes all species of a particular lineage cannot be underestimated,” said lead author Dr. Jack Craig and colleagues at Temple University.

“These trees are inherently fascinating because they capture the evolutionary history that has given us our current biodiversity, but they also form an essential foundation for many types of future research. I will.”

“For example, taxonomic and systematic efforts to catalog species rely on them to identify new lineages.”

“The study of the rate of evolution and its possible correlations, such as climate and geological changes, is fundamentally tied to its underlying phylogeny.”

“Disciplines such as biogeography, phylogeography, and historical ecology, which use time trees to investigate spatial and ecological patterns, would not be possible without phylogeny.”

“And as we watch global biodiversity being lost in ongoing extinction events, phylogenetics can help identify conservation priorities and help save species. It is an essential tool in assessing the impact of our efforts.”

In the new study, the authors were able to construct a time tree of 455 primates, incorporating all species for which molecular data are available.
This phylogenetic tree is the most complete description of the evolutionary relationships among primates to date.

“This effort proves that while the evolutionary history of even some of the most charismatic species on Earth is incompletely understood, we have the tools to fill many of the knowledge gaps. “We did so,” the researchers said.

“We believe our research protocol will be an accessible and ultimately extremely valuable tool in the effort to understand evolution.”

“We have found that complete time trees are a fundamental resource in many fields and can often be constructed from existing data.”

“Furthermore, such a complete time tree allows us to test hypotheses that would otherwise not be possible.”

“For example, our study shows that the number of species in different primate clades is better explained by unique rates of speciation, with some primate lineages generating new species much faster than others. Or whether the best explanation is simply time: all lineages produce new species at about the same rate, and older lineages produce more species over time.''

“What we discovered is that the major groups of primates actually all share relatively similar speciation rates, and therefore their age is a better predictor of species richness. That's what it means.

“This analysis becomes very problematic when a time tree is missing many species or dates, so it serves as a perfect example of the usefulness of large, complete time trees.”

of the team result appear in the diary Frontiers of bioinformatics.

_____
Jack M. Craig others. 2024. Completed primate molecular time tree. Frontiers of bioinformatics 4;doi: 10.3389/fbinf.2024.1495417

Source: www.sci.news

Improving Nature, Climate, and Health Simultaneously through a Unified Approach

Tree-planting projects help tackle the climate crisis, but they can also impact water supplies

Cost Photo/NurPhoto

The major environmental, social and economic crises facing the world today, including biodiversity, climate change, health, food, and water, are closely linked, and we must work together to tackle them. has many advantages. However, focusing on just one issue can exacerbate other crises.

This is the conclusion of a major report compiled by 165 researchers from 57 countries and approved by 147 governments over the past three years.

United Nations conventions on issues such as biodiversity and climate focus on these issues separately. “So what we will do now in this report, which has not been done before, is to combine all of these and make sure that looking at these crises individually is not only inefficient, but actually the real danger. “It's about showing what's involved,” he says. paula harrison He co-chaired the evaluation process for the report at the UK Center for Ecology and Hydrology. “Action is urgent, but unless we act in a way that takes these interdependencies into account, we will create new problems or exacerbate existing ones.”

Mr Harrison said the scientific studies assessed for this report provide strong evidence that there are a number of actionable actions that can have beneficial effects on all five areas simultaneously. . These include conserving and restoring mangrove forests, improving soil health and carbon content, creating early warning systems for all kinds of hazards, reducing the risk of disease spread from animals to humans, and universal health insurance. It includes international cooperation on technology related to the problem.

There is a trade-off. Actions that have broad benefits are not the same as actions that are the best solution to a particular problem, she says.

“What you can’t do is get the best value possible at the same time,” Harrison says. “While we cannot optimize food production without negatively impacting everything else, we can take a balanced approach that benefits all.”

Harrison gives the example of planting trees to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. If the focus is solely on climate, the trees selected are likely to be fast-growing non-native species that do not support wildlife and affect water supplies by taking up too much water. However, if a project takes a more holistic approach, it may choose native tree species that use less water and increase biodiversity. “It may not sequester as much carbon, but it will add a lot of value to other aspects of the system,” Harrison says.

There are also economic benefits to integrated approaches that help conserve biodiversity and achieve other goals. nexus reportMore than half of the world's gross domestic product ($50 trillion), as it is officially known, states that it is moderately to highly dependent on nature.

“The unaccounted costs of our current approach to economic activity, including climate change impacts on biodiversity, water, health, and food production, are estimated to be at least $10 trillion to $25 trillion per year. It has been.” Pamela McElwee The other co-chair, a professor at Rutgers University in New Jersey, said in a statement.

“There is a lot of evidence that there are very strong and growing biophysical risks to economic prosperity and financial stability if we continue the way we are,” Harrison said.

The Nexus report was compiled by: Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)which is a non-UN body, but functions in a similar way to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The report was formally approved by representatives of the 147 IPBES member countries who met in Namibia on 16 December.

says the report is very ambitious Anne LarigoderlyExecutive Director of IPBES. Its purpose is to provide the science and evidence needed to support the achievement of other international conventions, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, and the Paris Agreement on climate change. , she says.

Source: www.newscientist.com

Possible rewrite: AI tool hosted by Amazon for UK military recruitment at risk for data breach

Reports indicate that an artificial intelligence tool hosted by Amazon to enhance recruitment for the UK Ministry of Defense is potentially exposing defense workers to public identification risks. This information comes from a government evaluation.

The data utilized by automated systems in tailoring defense job advertisements to attract diverse candidates through inclusive language includes details like service member names, roles, and emails, and is stored by Amazon in the United States. A government document released for the first time today indicates that there is a risk of data breaches that could lead to the identification of defense personnel.

Although the risk has been classified as “low,” the Defense Department assured that there are “strong safeguards” in place by suppliers Textio, Amazon Web Services, and threat detection service Amazon GuardDuty.

The government acknowledges several risks associated with the use of AI tools in the public sector, as highlighted in a series of documents released to enhance transparency around algorithm use in central governments.

Ministers are advocating for the use of AI to enhance the UK’s economic productivity and deliver better public services. Safety measures are emphasized to mitigate risks and ensure resilience.

The UK government is collaborating with Google and Meta to pilot AI in public services. Microsoft is also offering its AI-powered Copilot system to civil servants, aligning with the government’s ambition to adopt a more startup-oriented mindset.

Some of the identified risks and benefits of current central government AI applications include:

  • Potential generation of inappropriate lesson material using a Lesson planning tool powered by AI, assisting teachers in customizing lesson plans efficiently.

  • Introduction of a chatbot to address queries concerning child welfare in family court, providing round-the-clock information and reducing wait times.

  • Utilization of a policy engine by the Ministry of Finance to model tax and benefit changes accurately.

  • Potential negative impact on human decision-making caused by excessive reliance on AI users in food hygiene inspections, leading to inconsistent scoring of establishments.

These disclosures will be documented in the expanded Algorithm Transparency Register, detailing information about 23 central government algorithms. Some algorithms with bias indications, like those in the Department for Work and Pensions welfare system, are yet to be recorded.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Electronic tongue accurately identifies chemical makeup of alcoholic beverages

Molecular tests can be used to assess the quality of drinks

Evgeny Parilov/Alamy

Beverage manufacturers and consumers may soon have access to small, portable kits not unlike coronavirus tests to check the quality and safety of alcoholic beverages.

The device is called an “artificial tongue” because it can detect additives, toxins, and sweetness in drinks with just a few drops.

Shuo Fan Researchers at China’s Nanjing University say this first-generation new technology cannot yet test for date rape drugs or detect methanol contamination in spiked drinks. A recent incident occurred in Laos in which six backpackers were killed.In future versions,

Current methods for analyzing alcoholic beverages, such as liquid chromatography, require expensive and cumbersome laboratory equipment and require specialized technicians to manipulate and analyze the samples.

The artificial tongue relies on biological nanopore technology. It uses modified organisms, such as bacteria, that have tiny holes, or pores, in their cell membranes that are just a few nanometers in diameter. By charging the membrane with an electrical charge, small molecules of the substance being tested can be drawn into the pores and passed through them.

When these molecules pass through the nanopore, they generate unique electrical signatures that can be analyzed to identify the chemicals present in the sample. Nanopores have already revolutionized DNA sequencing, allowing genetic material to be tested almost instantly using easily portable equipment.

Huang and colleagues used nanopores made in bacteria, called micropores, that have already been introduced for DNA sequencing. Smegmatis bacterium.

The device uses artificial intelligence to identify molecules that pass through the nanopores, such as fragrance compounds and additives, Huang said. “The sensor tells you right away what type of alcoholic beverage it is,” he says. “It can provide a quantitative standard of the product and also easily identify counterfeit alcoholic beverage products.”

Nanopore detectors require only a power source to operate, he says. “This nanopore sensing assay can be performed at home, in the office, or on the street as easily as a COVID-19 test,” Huang said. “You just add a drop of alcoholic beverage to the sensor and wait for the results. The machine learning algorithm does the rest of the work.”

topic:

  • biotechnology /
  • Eating and drinking

Source: www.newscientist.com

What will the future of transportation look like: Robotaxis or self-driving cars? | Technology

Welcome back. This week in tech: General Motors announces the end of robotaxis but not self-driving cars. One woman’s battle against AI in her housing application. Salt Typhoon and tech companies donating to Donald Trump. Thank you for your engagement.

GM discontinues Cruise robotaxi. Uber resumes robotaxi service in Abu Dhabi

Despite the shut down of one robotaxi business, another will emerge. General Motors recently revealed its decision to cease funding Cruise, its subsidiary responsible for self-driving car software and robotaxi services. Cruise faced challenges after a serious accident in 2023, leading to regulatory restrictions on its operations. GM has invested significantly in Cruise but has not seen profits. This move aligns with Apple’s discontinuation of its self-driving car project.

Former Cruise CEO’s revenue projections fell short, leading to GM’s decision. Cruise’s closure mirrors Uber’s shift away from robotaxis to a distribution model in the self-driving sector. Meanwhile, Waymo continues to expand its robotaxi services.

Woman’s fight against AI in housing

AI is infiltrating various aspects of life, including housing. One US woman faced discrimination based on AI screening in her apartment application. After legal action, the responsible company settled and pledged to avoid AI screening for future tenants.

What’s new: Tech CEOs and Trump. Salt Typhoon

  • Technology CEOs and Trump: Silicon Valley leaders publicly align with Trump through donations and engagements. Meta, Amazon, and OpenAI among those contributing to Trump’s fund. Google and Microsoft also show signs of collaboration with Trump.

  • Salt Typhoon: Following the Salt Typhoon cyber attack, cell phone companies are under scrutiny for lack of notification to affected individuals. FBI only alerted high-profile targets, leaving many uninformed.

Wider TechScape

Source: www.theguardian.com

New fossil discovery suggests that Therapsids originated in the tropics, not temperate regions

Paleontologists have discovered a new species of early gorgonopsian therapsid that was part of the ancient summer humid biome of equatorial Pangea.



Recreating the life of the Gorgonopsians of Mallorca in a floodplain environment. Image credit: Henry Sutherland Sharpe.

Therapsids were a major component of Permian terrestrial ecosystems around the world, eventually giving rise to mammals in the early Mesozoic Era.

However, little is currently known about when and where it originated.

“Therapsids are a diverse and ecologically successful clade of tetrapods, of which the modern representatives are mammals,” says paleontologist at the Museum of Science and Nature in Barea and the Paleontological Institute of Catalonia. said Dr. Rafel Matamares and colleagues.

“The roots of this clade date back to the late Paleozoic era, when non-mammalian therapsids were important components of terrestrial ecosystems.”

“The oldest distinct therapsids known to date were Laranimus dashankoensisprobably from the Rhodian (Late Middle Permian) deposits of Central East Asia.

“However, phylogenetic analyzes consistently show that therapsids are a sister group to the pterosaur ‘perisaurian’ class monoapsids, which originated in Pennsylvania (about 320 million years ago). It suggests that

“This implies a long lineage of therapsid ghosts spanning about 40 million years.”

The newly discovered therapsid is the oldest of its kind, and possibly the oldest therapsid ever discovered.

This dog-like saber-toothed animal does not yet have a species name, but it belongs to a group of therapsids called gorgonopsids.

“Gorgonopsids are more closely related to mammals than to other modern animals,” said Dr. Ken Angielczyk, a paleontologist at the Field Museum.

“They have no modern descendants and are not our direct ancestors, but they are related to species that were our direct ancestors.”

“The oldest known gorgonopsids lived about 265 million years ago, but the newer fossils date from 270 to 280 million years ago.”

“This is probably the oldest chrysophyte on Earth,” said Dr. Josep Fortuny, a paleontologist at the Miquel Crusafont Catalan Institute of Paleontology.

This fossil was discovered on the Spanish island of Mallorca in the Mediterranean Sea. However, during the time of the Gorgonopsians, Mallorca was part of the supercontinent Pangea.

“The amount of bone remains is surprising,” Dr. Matamares said.

“We found everything from fragments of skulls, vertebrae and ribs to a very well-preserved femur.”

“In fact, when we started this excavation, we did not expect to find so many fossils of this type of animal in Mallorca.”

“If you saw this animal walking down the street, you would think it would look a little like a medium-sized dog, maybe about the size of a husky, but that’s not entirely true,” says Dr. Angielczyk.

“It didn’t have any fur, and it probably didn’t have dog ears.”

“But this is the oldest animal with long, blade-like canine teeth that scientists have ever discovered.”

“These saber-like teeth suggest that this gorgonopsid was the top predator of its time.”

The fact that this gorgonopsian is tens of millions of years older than its closest relatives has changed scientists’ understanding of the evolutionary time of therapsids, key milestones to the emergence of mammals, and, by extension, where we came from. It tells us something about Tanoka.

“Before the age of dinosaurs, there was the age of our ancient mammalian relatives,” Dr. Angielczyk said.

“Most of those ancient mammal relatives looked nothing like what we think of as mammals today.”

“But they were really diverse and had different ecological roles.”

“This new fossil discovery is another piece of the puzzle of how mammals evolved.”

This finding is reported in the following article: paper Published in a magazine nature communications.

_____

R. Matamares-Andrew others. 2024. Early-Middle Permian Mediterranean gorgonopsids suggest an equatorial origin for therapsids. Nat Commune 15, 10346; doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54425-5

Source: www.sci.news

Review of Mouthwash: The Unexpected Challenge of 2024 | Game

IIt's perhaps poetic that throughout this year, the PlayStation's 30th anniversary, developers have discovered such a rich vein of horror in the early 3D visuals. Crow Country, Fear the Spotlight, and Mousewashing all make frightening use of low-poly characters, grungy textures, and muted color palettes to create fear and abomination. And in this sci-fi odyssey from Wrong Organ, they're brilliantly used to symbolize perfection.

The settings for Mouthwash are simple and familiar. When a giant spaceship crashes in a remote part of the galaxy, its small crew slowly loses its sanity as they wait for rescue that never comes. Not helping matters is their cargo of millions of gallons of high-alcohol mouthwash, which is quickly abused by the desperate and deeply flawed castaways.

With the captain critically injured, you primarily take over the survival efforts as second-in-command Jimmy. But they soon discover that everyone, from paranoid doctor Anya to bullish mechanic Swansea, is hiding something. Everything on board is given a sinister edge, from creepy food processing equipment to giant LED displays that continually display images of romantic sunsets and fluffy clouds.

But what sounds like a tense thriller is actually a surreal exploration of social and spiritual decline. The characters hallucinate violently, and the story cuts from pre-crash to post-crash, switching between them in a dizzying chronological dance. The ship itself appears to be mutating in response to the paranoid delusions of its inhabitants. A bizarre vaporwave soundtrack roars and explodes in a cacophonous rush. The interplay between humans and technology collapse has elements of Event Horizon, Solaris, and High Life. The ship's U-boat-like corridors expand and contract like intestinal passages. The crew's mental illness is reflected in cracked screens and destroyed control panels. It's both scary and fascinating.

There are puzzles to solve and items to collect and combine, but nothing works and the game keeps playing and questioning your assumptions. Some players may be reminded of the cult hit Clickolding in that it asks questions about player responsibility and collusion. What to do with the only weapon on board, how to keep the captain's mouth open so you can give him painkillers, and more. When he groans and cries, the visuals are nostalgic, but the connection to what's happening on that ship is very real, very vivid. There are also serious messages about guilt, grief, and alcoholism, which can resonate deeply with those affected by these.

Mouthwash is a difficult but immersive experience, a surreal horror piece reminiscent of the films of David Lynch and Dario Argento, but it's also a very functional game, or at least what a game is. , and it also works very well as a study in what games want us to do. The fact that titles like this are still being produced and distributed globally is one of the few bright spots in a slow year for the gaming industry. Book your flight tickets as soon as possible. You won't regret it.

Mouthwash available now (£10.99)

Source: www.theguardian.com

The eerie tale of a rodent paradise foreshadowing the downfall of mankind

In June 1972, the Royal Society of Medicine in London hosted a symposium called “Man in His Place.'' The lecture featured a diverse group of speakers, including Jacob Bronowski, who was featured in a highly acclaimed 13-part BBC television series. rise of manwill be broadcast the following year. But the first person to take to the stage was John Bumpass Calhoun of the National Institute of Mental Health in suburban Washington, DC.

Even those in the audience familiar with Calhoun's work had no idea what was in store for them, and the title of his talk, “Death Squared: The Explosive Growth and Demise of Rat Populations” was not conveyed very well. “I mainly talk about rats, but my thoughts are about humans, healing, life and its evolution,” he began. He went on to describe a long-term experiment he is conducting on population dynamics in mice living in a “utopian environment” he calls Space 25. Although his research subjects were rodents, Calhoun believed that his metropolis had an effect on humans. A cautionary tale about the chaos and social collapse that awaits humanity in an overpopulated world.

An ecologist turned psychologist turned futurist, Calhoun became a science rock star in the 1970s. His message resonated at a time when the human population was rapidly expanding and overpopulation was a major political issue. As interest in his research grew, Calhoun was courted by the great and the good, from politicians and urban planners to prison reformers and writers. He also had an audience with the Pope. Strange as it may seem, his rodent city…

Source: www.newscientist.com

An ancient saber-toothed predator roamed 270 million years ago

Reconstruction of the oldest known gorgonopsian

henry sutherland sharpe

The earliest known sabertooths hunted large prey 270 million years ago. The newly discovered remains could help explain how early mammal relatives became warm-blooded animals.

The first land predators usually hunted relatively small prey. But things changed about 273 million years ago, when an event known as the Olson extinction shook ecosystems around the world. Then, much larger terrestrial herbivores began to appear, and predators needed new weapons to dispatch such large prey. Josep Fortuny At the Miquel Cursafont Catalan Institute of Paleontology, Barcelona, ​​Spain.

This may help explain why the fossilized partial skeleton of an ancient predator that Fortuny and his colleagues just discovered on the Spanish island of Mallorca had saber-shaped teeth. These fangs are better suited for injuring larger prey than for grabbing and holding small animals. “This was the first time we had access to this kind of tool for preying on herbivores,” Fortuny said.

Dating back an estimated 270 million years, this predator is the oldest known member of a group of carnivores known as gorgonopsians, all of whom had saber-shaped teeth. The largest gorgonopsids grew to several meters in length, with canine teeth reaching 15 centimeters in length. The Mallorca gorgonopsian was smaller, measuring about 1 meter long and its canine teeth only 5 centimeters long. Fortuny said researchers are waiting to name the new gorgonopsian until they have analyzed the bones and teeth in more detail.

Ancient predators are important not only because of their age. At the time they roamed Mallorca, the island was part of a tropical supercontinent called Pangea, but all known fossils of gorgonopsids date back 270 million years. They come from areas of the world that were at high latitudes. The new discovery suggests that the gorgonopsian actually originated near the equator.

Perhaps adaptations developed there, such as the ability to efficiently hunt large prey, may have allowed them to regulate their body temperature in order to spread into cooler habitats away from the equator.

Fortuny says it’s important to better understand this process because gorgonopsids belonged to the therapsids, a group of animals that also includes mammals. “There’s a lot of debate about the first steps in thermoregulation in this group,” he says.

topic:

Source: www.newscientist.com

UK considers allowing tech companies to use copyrighted material for AI training

According to proposals from the UK government, tech companies would have the freedom to utilize copyrighted material for training artificial intelligence models, unless creative professionals or companies opt out of the process.

The proposed changes aim to resolve conflicts between AI companies and creatives. Sir Paul McCartney has expressed concerns that without new laws, technology “could just take over.”

A government consultation has suggested an exception to UK copyright law that currently prohibits the use of someone else’s work without permission, allowing companies like Google and ChatGPT developer OpenAI to apply copyrighted content in training their models. This proposal permits writers, artists, and composers to “reserve their rights,” meaning they can choose not to have their work utilized in AI training or request a license fee for it.

Chris Bryant MP, the Data Protection Minister, described the proposal as a “win-win” for both parties who have been in conflict over the new copyright regulations. He emphasized the benefit of this proposal in providing creators and rights holders with greater control in these complex circumstances, potentially leading to increased licensing opportunities and a new income source for creators.

British composer Ed Newton Rex, a prominent voice in advocating for fair contracts for creative professionals, criticized the opt-out system as “completely unfair” to creators. Newton Rex, along with more than 37,000 other creative professionals, raised concerns about the unauthorized use of creative work in training AI models, labeling it as a substantial threat to creators’ livelihoods.

Furthermore, the consultation considered requiring AI developers to disclose the content used for training their models, providing rights holders with more insight into how and when their content is utilized. The government emphasized that new measures must be available and effective before they are implemented.

The government is also seeking feedback on whether the new system will apply to existing models in the market, such as those in ChatGPT and Google’s Gemini.

Additionally, the consultation will address the potential need for “moral rights” akin to those in the US, to protect celebrities from having their voices and likenesses replicated by AI without their consent. Hollywood actress Scarlett Johansson had a dispute with OpenAI last year when a voice assistant closely resembling her signature speech was revealed. OpenAI halted the feature after receiving feedback that it sounded similar to Johansson’s voice.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Bronze Age Briton Experiences Brutal Attack and Cannibalism

New research has revealed that during the early Bronze Age in England, at least 37 people may have been “systematically dismembered” and eaten in the aftermath of “extremely violent” attacks.

The study, published in the journal ancient, revealed that more than 3,000 bones were excavated from a 50-foot hole at Charterhouse Warren in southwest England.

The bones, which were first discovered in the 1970s by cave explorers, showed an “abundance of cut marks,” prompting researchers to conduct further analysis.

Lead author Rick Schulting, a professor of scientific and prehistoric archeology at the University of Oxford, described the violence inflicted on the bodies as exceptional, with victims being killed with blows to the head, systematically dismembered, skinned, and crushed.

The study suggests that this extreme violence likely occurred in a single event between 2210 BC and 2010 BC, making it a unique example of violence in early Bronze Age Britain.

An example of cranial trauma in a Bronze Age skull recovered from Charterhouse Warren.
Antiquity Publications Ltd / Cambridge University Press

This act of violence was likely not isolated and may have sparked a cycle of revenge within and between communities in the Early Bronze Age, according to Mr. Schulting.

The motives behind such attacks are difficult to determine, but the study suggests that tensions may have escalated from accusations of theft and witchcraft, leading to an uncontrollable spiral of violence.

Victims may have been eaten to dehumanize and treat them like animals, involving a large number of aggressors based on the number of victims and the dismemberment process, the study noted.

The bones were found alongside animal fossils, indicating early evidence of slaughter, which the researchers believe was driven by hunger as the attackers had access to plenty of food.

Source: www.nbcnews.com