IThe magician was a child in 1941, sitting on a general public school entrance exam with only pencils and paper. I read the following: “Write about British writers within 15 hours.”

Today, most of us don’t need 15 minutes to contemplate such questions. Relying on AI tools like Google Gemini, ChatGpt, Siri, and more will give you an instant answer. While cognitive efforts on artificial intelligence have become a second nature, some experts fear that this impulse is driving the trend as there is growing evidence of a decline in human intelligence.

Of course, this is not the first time that new technology has raised concerns. Research shows that mobile phones already show how they can deflect us. Social media has damaged our vulnerable scope of attention, and GPS has made our navigation capabilities obsolete. Now, here’s AI co-pilots to free us from our most cognitively demanding tasks, from processing tax returns to providing treatment and even talking about how to think.

Where does it leave our brains? When outsourced our ideas to faceless algorithms, can we freely engage in more substantial pursuits or wither into vines?

“The biggest concern in these age of generative AI is not the only one May Compromising human creativity and intelligence,” says psychologists. Robert Sternberg At Cornell University, known for its groundbreaking work on intelligence, “but already have it.”

The argument that we are less intelligent is unattractive from some research. Some of the most convincing ones are those that look at the Flynn effect. This is due to environmental factors rather than genetic changes, as at least since 1930, observed increases in IQ across consecutive generations around the world. However, in recent decades, The Flynn effect has been slowed down or even the other way around.

In the UK, James Flynn himself showed it Average IQ for 14 years old fell Two or more points between 1980 and 2008. Meanwhile, the Global Research International Student Assessment Program (PISA) has shown an unprecedented decline Mathematics, Reading, Science Score in many regions, young people show low coverage and weak critical thinking.

Nevertheless, these trends are empirically and statistically robust, but their interpretations are nothing. “Everyone wants to point their fingers at AI as a boogeyman, but that’s something to avoid.” Elizabeth Dwork Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, recently identified tips for reversing the Flynn effect in a large sample of the US population tested between 2006 and 2018.

Intelligence is much more complicated than that, and is probably shaped by many variables. Micronutrients such as iodine are known to affect brain development and intellectual abilities. Similarly, changes in prenatal care, years of education, pollution, pandemics, and technology all affect IQ, making it difficult to increase the impact of a single factor. “We don’t act in a vacuum and we can’t refer to one thing and say, ‘That’s it,” says Dworak.

Still, while the overall impact of AI on intelligence is difficult to quantify (at least in the short term), concerns about cognitive offloading of certain cognitive skills are effective and measurable.

Considering the effects of AI on the brain, most studies focus on generative AI (Genai). Anyone who owns a phone or computer can access almost every answer, write essays and computer code, and create art and photos. There are thousands of articles written about the many ways genai can improve our lives through increased revenue, job satisfaction and scientific advances. In 2023, Goldman Sachs estimated that Genai could increase its annual global GDP by 7% over a decade. $7tn.

However, the fact that automating these tasks deprives them of opportunities to practice those skills on their own and undermines the neural architecture that supports them. Ignoring our physical training atrophys the outsourcing neural pathways of cognitive effort, leading to muscle deterioration.

One of the most important cognitive skills at risk is critical thinking. Why do you think of praise about British writers when you can get ChatGpt to look back on it?

The research highlights these concerns. Michael Gellich At SBS Swiss Business School in Kloten, Switzerland, we tested 666 people in the UK and found a significant correlation between frequent AI use and lower critical thinking skills.

Similarly, researchers Microsoft and Carnegie Mellon University In Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, we surveyed 319 people in the occupation that uses genai at least once a week. It improved their efficiency, but it hindered critical thinking and promoted long-term overreliance on technology. Researchers may be less capable of solving problems without AI support.

“It’s great to have all this information on my fingertips,” said one participant in the Gellich study. In fact, other studies have suggested the use of AI systems for memory-related tasks. This can lead to a decline in the individual’s own memory.

This erosion of critical thinking is exacerbated by AI-driven algorithms that determine what is seen on social media. “The impact of social media on critical thinking is huge,” says Gellich. “There’s 4 seconds to watch the video and get someone’s attention.” Results? It is easily digested, but do not encourage critical thinking. “It gives you information that there’s no need to further process it,” Gerlich says.

By providing information rather than acquiring that knowledge through cognitive effort, your ability to critically analyze the meaning, impact, ethics and accuracy of what you have learned is easily ignored in the wake of what appears to be a quick and perfect answer. “It’s hard to criticize AI. You have to be disciplined. It’s very difficult not to offload critical thinking on these machines,” says Gerlich.

Wendy Johnson People who study intelligence at the University of Edinburgh see this in their students every day. She emphasizes that it is not empirically tested, but believes that students are ready to substitute independent thinking by having them tell the Internet what to do.

Without critical thinking, it is difficult to ensure that AI will consume wisely the content generated. It may seem reliable, especially when you become dependent on it, but don’t be fooled. Research in 2023 Advances in science Compared to humans, GPT-3 chat showed that it doesn’t just generate easy-to-understand information But there are more persuasive disinfections too..

wIs that important? “Think about the hypothetical billionaires,” says Gellich. “They create their own AI and use it to influence people because they can train them in a specific way to emphasize certain politics and certain opinions. If they have confidence and dependence on it, it raises the question of how much it affects our thoughts and actions.”

The impact of AI on creativity is equally confusing. Research shows that AI tends to help generate more creative ideas than they can generate on their own. However, the entire population The ideas of AI-CONCOCTED are not very diverse which ultimately means there are fewer “Eureka!” moment.

Sternberg captures these concerns in a recent essay Journal of Intelligence: “Generative AI replicates. We can recombine and resort ideas, but it’s not clear that the world will generate ideas that break the paradigms the world needs to solve the serious problems it faces, such as global climate change, pollution, increased violence, creeping dictatorship.”

We recommend that you actively or passively consider how you will engage with AI to maintain your ability to think creatively. Research by Marco Muller at Ulm University In Germany, it shows a relationship between social media use and the higher creativity of younger people, but not in older generations. Driving into the data, he suggests that this may be related to the differences in the way people born in the age of social media use it compared to those who came later in life. Perhaps Muller says that they are more open to what they share online compared to older users who tend to consume more passively, and that younger people seem to benefit creatively from sharing ideas and collaboration.

In addition to what happens meanwhile You use AI, you may not spare ideas about what will happen rear You use it. John Kounios, a cognitive neuroscientist at Drexel University in Philadelphia, explains that, just like anything else, our brains become a hot topic because of sudden insight moments that have been spurred by the activity of our neural reward system. These mental rewards help you remember ideas that change the world, correct immediate actions, and reduce risk aversion. All of this is thought to drive more learning, creativity and opportunities. However, insights generated from AI do not seem to have a very powerful effect on the brain. “Reward systems are a very important part of brain development and we don’t know that the effects of using these technologies are downstream,” says Kounios. “No one has tested it yet.”

There are other long-term implications to consider. Researchers have just discovered it recently For example, learning a second language can help delay the onset of dementia for about four years However, in many countries, fewer students apply for language courses. It may be because they give up on a second language in favor of AI-powered instant translation apps, but none of these can so far claim to protect future brain health.

As Sternberg warns, we need to stop asking what AI can do for Start asking us and what it does In We. Until we know for sure, according to Gellich, the answer is “using critical thinking, intuition to use places where computers can still not do and add real value.”

You can’t expect big tech companies to help us do this, he says. Developers don’t want to be told that the program is working too well. Make it easier for people to find the answer. “That’s why you need to start at school,” Gellich says. “AI is here to stay here. We need to interact with it, so we need to learn how to do it the right way.” Otherwise we will not only make ourselves redundant, but we will also be cognitive.