Recent study explains the atomic-level process of microorganisms metabolizing carbon monoxide.

More than 2 billion tons of carbon monoxide are released in the atmosphere every year. Various bacteria and old bacteria take this in about 250 million tons, reducing carbon monoxide to a safer level. According to new studies, these microorganisms use a special enzyme called CO Dehydrogenase to extract energy from this universal but very toxic gas.

kropp et al。 Demonstrates that CO dehydrogenase can oxidize carbon monoxide to an invasion level. Image credit: NASA / NOAA / GSFC / SUOMI NPP / VIIRS / NORMAN KURING.

“Carbon monoxide is a powerful poison with multiple cell life, and is also a high -energy fuel and carbon source of microorganisms,” said the University of Monash University and his colleagues, Ashley Crop.

“Carbon monoxide is released in large quantities in the atmosphere, and nature and human sources contribute to the estimated 26 million tons of carbon monoxide emissions each year.”

“Nevertheless, the average carbon monoxide concentration in the atmosphere remains very low at about 100 ppb for consumption by non -biological processes and microbial oxidation.”

“Microorganism consumption accounts for an estimated 10 to 15 % of carbon monoxide removed from the atmosphere (approximately 250 million tons per year).”

In their research, the authors showed for the first time how Co -Dehydrogenase extracted carbon monoxide and power cells.

“This enzyme is used in microorganisms of our soil and water areas. These microorganisms consume carbon monoxide for their own survival, but in the process. Help me, “said Kropp.

“This was a great example of the ingenuity of microorganisms. How did life evolve how toxic toxic things are evolved,” said Devid Gillet, the University of Monache.

“These microorganisms help to clean our atmosphere. This is because carbon monoxide is indirectly greening gas in opposition to air pollution that kills millions of people every year. Reduce warming.

“This discovery is unlikely to be used directly to fight the emissions of carbon monoxide, but deepen understanding of how the atmosphere is regulated and how it will respond to future changes. Nothing.

“This discovery emphasized the wider importance of microorganisms,” said Professor Chris Green at the University of Monash.

“Microorganisms have countless roles that are indispensable to both human and planet health, but they are often misunderstood and are often misunderstood, so they are often noticed.”

“Microorganisms were a major reason for our air,” said Kropp.

“We breathe, detoxify various pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, and make half of oxygen to detoxify.”

Survey results It will be displayed in the journal Natural chemical student

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A. KROPP et al。 Kinon extraction promotes carbon monoxide oxidation in the atmosphere of bacteria. NAT CHEM BIOLReleased online on January 29, 2025. Doi: 10.1038/S41589-025-01836-0

Source: www.sci.news

Fashion: The Evolution and Innovation of Our Ancestors’ Inventions

France. Cannes. Gucci. cruise. 2018.

Today, clothes are the means of self -expression and group identity, and we will not go without them.

Photo of Martin Parr/Magnum

Venus figurines are most famous for their sexual characteristics. These frequently pronounced sculptures of women’s forms made about 30,000 years to 20,000 years ago have been interpreted as a ritual rich Ility, the mother of the mother, and the self -portrait. Like a fashion plate, one of them is not generally seen. However, some of them can get a glimpse of the appetite, which is worn by a good-looking stone-oriented woman. One of Russian Kostenki is equipped with a strap-style robe. Others have stringed instruments. And the famous Venus of Willendorf is wearing a woven hat, but it is a very wonderful hat.

These statues are far from our general concepts in the past, covered with animal fur. According to archeologists, the gorgeous details with their clothes are the importance of clothing tens of thousands of years ago and hundreds of thousands of years ago. Olga sofaProfessor Emerita from the University of Illinois University of Urbanhamping. It started as needed and turned into a canvas for aesthetic expressions and meanings to keep people warm. Now, the story of how it happened was added, thanks to some new discoveries.

Clothing is easy to rot, and the oldest archeological site is only around 10,000 years old。 However, as the Venus figurine shows, we can follow the time dating in other ways. These archeological clues have revealed the origin of both simple cape and complex tailoring. largely…

Source: www.newscientist.com

Antarctic ice sheets may be more stable than previously thought

Ronnes Ice Shelf in the Southwest Pole survived a long time ago

Modis/Zuma Wire/Shutterstock

The main ice shelves in Antarctica seem to have survived the hot period more than 120, 00 years ago. This indicates that the Westwest Pole ice sheet is not as vulnerable as it is thought to complete the complete collapse caused by climate change. You can raise the sea surface by one meter. However, great uncertainty remains.

“It's good news and bad news.” Eric Wolf At Cambridge University in the UK. “There was no worst scenario, but I can't say that it won't happen in the next century or the second century.”

The climate change caused by humans uncertains the future of the Ice bed in the Southwest Pole. If you continue to release high -level greenhouse gases, some models will completely disappear the ice sheet over the next few centuries. The most extreme scenarios projected by the inter -government panel on climate change in 2023 can lead to up to 2 meters up to the sea level by 2100.

Wolf and his colleagues looked at Ronne's ice shelves, a large part of the ice sheet that extends to the sea, to see how they behaved from 117, 00 to 126 to 00 years. Meanwhile, it was part of the last inter -glacier, and the change in the orbital of the earth increased the temperature of the Antarctica even higher than today.

In order to judge the range of Ronne's ice shelves during the warm period, researchers measured the concentration of the sea salt of the ice core about 650 km away from the end of the shelf. When the ice shelf melted between the last glacier, the edge was approaching the core. As a result, the researchers expected that the core was much closer to the ocean, so the core salt concentration would rise 8 times. “It would have been a seaside resort,” Wolf says.

Instead, they discover that the salt concentration between the last glacier is similar to today's concentration or even lower, indicating that the edge of the ice sheet remains far. Other measurements of the coat of water in the core, which maintain evidence of weather patterns affected by the change in the ice sheet, suggest that Ronne's ice shelves lasted during the last ice age.

Wolfff suggests that ice stability in the previous warm period is unlikely that climate change will be completely collapsed as the climate change increases the global temperature. However, he and other researchers say that the rise of the sea surface due to melting of ice is still a big risk.

“That means that there was no complete removal cation in the South Pole, but we do not provide enough information to relax.” Timothy Naish At Werrington Victoria University in New Zealand.

One is that the survival of Ronnes Ice Shelf does not mean that other ice areas such as Swaites and Pine Island have not melt. In fact, Wolf says the record of the core's water level suggests what they did. The ice score used by the researcher did not cover the warmth of the last ice age.

The dynamics of glacial warming between glaciers, which change in the region, are different from today's global warming, where the temperature is rising throughout the planet. For example, Wolf says that warm seawater that reaches Antarctica can accelerate melting by invading under ice.

“This is a really important observation, but I think it will take more time to understand what it means.” Andrea Duton At Wisconsin University Madison School. She emphasizes that researchers are spending 50 years and trying to think about what happened in the Westwest Pole in the last ice age.

topic:

Source: www.newscientist.com

The “Godfather” of AI warns that Deepseek’s advancements may heighten safety concerns.

A groundbreaking report by AI experts suggests that the risk of artificial intelligence systems being used for malicious purposes is on the rise. Researchers, particularly in DeepSeek and other similar organizations, are concerned about safety risks which may escalate.

Yoshua Bengio, a prominent figure in the AI field, views the progress of China’s DeepSeek startup with apprehension as it challenges the dominance of the United States in the industry.

“This leads to a tighter competition, which is concerning from a safety standpoint,” voiced Bengio.

He cautioned that American companies and competitors need to focus on overtaking DeepSeek to ensure safety and maintain their lead. Openai, known for Chatgpt, responded by hastening the release of a new virtual assistant to keep up with DeepSeek’s advancements.

In a wide-ranging discussion on AI safety, Bengio stressed the importance of understanding the implications of the latest safety report on AI. The report, spearheaded by a group of 96 experts and endorsed by renowned figures like Jeffrey Hinton, sheds light on the potential misuse of general-purpose AI systems for malicious intents.

One of the highlighted risks is the development of AI models capable of generating hazardous substances beyond the expertise of human experts. While these advancements have potential benefits in medicine, there is also a concern about their misuse.

Although AI systems have become more adept at identifying software vulnerabilities independently, the report emphasizes the need for caution in the face of escalating cyber threats orchestrated by hackers.

Additionally, the report discusses the risks associated with AI technologies like Deep Fake, which can be exploited for fraudulent activities, including financial scams, misinformation, and creating explicit content.

Furthermore, the report flags the vulnerability of closed-source AI models to security breaches, highlighting the potential for malicious use if not regulated effectively.

In light of recent advancements like the O3 model by OPENAI, Bengio underscores the need for a thorough risk assessment to comprehend the evolving landscape of AI capabilities and associated risks.

While AI innovations hold promise for transforming various industries, there is a looming concern about their potential misuse, particularly by malicious actors seeking to exploit autonomous AI for nefarious purposes.

It is essential to address these risks proactively to mitigate the threats posed by AI developments and ensure that the technology is harnessed for beneficial purposes.

As society navigates the uncertainties surrounding AI advancements, there is a collective responsibility to shape the future trajectory of this transformative technology.

Source: www.theguardian.com

Main Biological Breakthrough: Two Fathers and a Mouse

In a groundbreaking scientific achievement, a mouse with two male parents has successfully reached adulthood.

Researchers utilized embryo stem cell engineering to accomplish this milestone by accurately correcting an important gene involved in reproduction. Double-headed mouse.

This innovative method has allowed scientists to overcome previously insurmountable barriers in reproducing single-identified mammals.

In previous experiments, using two male mice resulted in genetic issues during fertilization, leading to severe congenital defects and early termination of mouse embryo development.

However, the researchers of this new study suspected that these genetic issues were caused by “imprinted” genes, which are inherited from both male and female parents.

“The unique characteristics of imprinted genes have led scientists to believe they are the fundamental barriers to mammal reproduction,” said Research co-author Professor Qi Zhou.

“Even in the artificial creation of a two-cell embryo or double-headed embryo, they were unable to develop properly and stalled at a certain point due to these genes.”

Based on this theory, researchers altered 20 important imprinted genes using various methods before implanting the modified embryos into surrogate mothers.

Their findings revealed that these genetic edits not only allowed for the creation of double-headed mice but also enabled them to survive to adulthood.

“These discoveries offer compelling evidence that imprinted abnormalities are the primary barriers in mammals,” said co-author Professor Guan Zan Ruo from SUN YAT-SEN University.

“This approach greatly advances the manipulation of embryo stem cells and cloned animals, paving the way for progress in regenerative medicine.”

However, researchers noted that only 11.8% of surviving embryos successfully developed to birth, and some did not survive to adulthood due to developmental disorders.

In fact, most of the adult mice displayed abnormal growth and lifespan, and the surviving mice were infertile.

The team is actively working to address these issues by investigating whether altering a specific gene can improve embryo development. They also plan to extend their research to include larger animals like monkeys, though the use of this technology in humans remains uncertain.

Read more:

  • Y chromosome has disappeared. Is this the end of man?
  • Mice display emotions on their faces like humans
  • Male mice transformed into females using previously considered “junk” DNA.

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Chinese Companies Warn OpenAI About Distillation of US AI Models Leading to Rivalry

Openai has issued a warning that Chinese emerging companies are developing competing products using DeepSeek technology and the AI model from Chatgpt manufacturer.

Investing $13 billion in SAN Francisco-based AI developers, Openai and their partner Microsoft are now looking into whether their proprietary technology was illegally obtained through a process known as distillation.

The latest chatbot from DeepSeek has caused quite a stir in the market, surpassing free app store rankings in Aping and causing a $1 drop in the market value of US tech stocks related to AI. This impact stems from claims that the AI model behind DeepSeek was trained at a fraction of the cost and hardware used by competitors like Openai and Google.

Openai’s CEO, Sam Altman, initially praised DeepSeek, calling it a “legally active new competitor.”

However, Openai later revealed evidence of “distillation” by a Chinese company, using advanced models to achieve similar results in a specific task by distilling the performance of a smaller model. Openai’s statement did not explicitly mention DeepSeek.

An Openai spokesperson stated, “We are aware that Chinese companies and others are continuously attempting to distill models from major US AI companies. As a leading AI developer, we are taking IP protection measures. Our released models undergo a meticulous process that includes cutting-edge features.”

Openai has faced allegations of training its own models with data unauthorized by publishers or creative industries, and has been actively working to prevent distillation of its models.

The Openai spokesperson emphasized the importance of collaboration with the US government to safeguard their most advanced models from the efforts of enemies and competitors to replicate US technology.

Donald Trump’s recent statement highlighted the impact of DeepSeek within Silicon Valley. Photo: Lionel Bonaventure/AFP/Getty Images

Source: www.theguardian.com

International Reports on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Cover Work, Climate, Cyber Warfare, and More


  • 1. work

    In the section on “Labor Market Risks”, the report indicates that the impact on jobs will be “serious”, particularly with highly capable AI agents (tools that can perform tasks without human intervention). Caution is advised.

    “General-purpose AI has the ability to automate a wide range of tasks, potentially leading to significant impact on the labor market. This could result in job loss.”

    The report also mentions that while some economists believe that job losses due to automation may be offset by new job creation in non-automated sectors.

    According to the International Monetary Fund, about 60% of jobs in advanced economies like the US and UK are at risk of automation, with half of those jobs being potentially impacted negatively. The Tony Blair Institute suggests that AI could displace up to 3 million jobs in the UK, but also create new roles in industries transitioning to AI, which could bring in hundreds of thousands of jobs.

    The report mentions that if autonomous AI agents can complete tasks over extended periods without human supervision, the consequences could be particularly severe.

    It cites Some experts who have raised concerns about a future where work is mostly eliminated. In 2023, Elon Musk predicted that AI could eventually render human work obsolete, but the report acknowledges uncertainty about how AI will impact the labor market.


  • 2. environment

    The report discusses AI’s environmental impact due to its electricity consumption during training, labeling it as a “moderate but growing contributor” through data centers, which are crucial for AI model operation.

    Data centers and data transmission contribute about 1% to energy-related greenhouse gas emissions, with AI accounting for up to 28% of data center energy consumption.

    The report also raises concerns about the increasing energy consumption as models become more advanced, noting that a significant portion of global model training relies on high-carbon energy sources such as coal and natural gas. It points out that without the use of renewable energy and efficiency improvements, AI development could hinder progress towards environmental goals by adding to energy demand.

    Furthermore, the report highlights the potential threat to human rights and the environment posed by AI’s water consumption for cooling data center devices. However, it acknowledges that AI’s environmental impact is not yet fully understood.


  • 3. Control loss

    The report addresses concerns about the emergence of superintelligent AI systems that could surpass human control, raising fears about the disappearance of humanity. While these concerns are acknowledged, opinions vary on the likelihood of such events.

    Bengio stated that AI systems capable of autonomously carrying out tasks are still in development, preventing these systems from executing the long-term planning necessary for widespread job displacement. He emphasized that without the ability to plan long-term, AI would remain under human control.


  • 4. Bioweapons

    The report mentions the potential of AI models in creating step-by-step instructions for developing pathogens and toxins beyond the expertise of PhD-level professionals. However, it raises concerns about the possibility of misuse by inexperienced individuals.

    Progress has been observed in developing models capable of supporting professionals in reproducing known biological threats, according to experts.


  • 5. Cyber security

    From a cybersecurity perspective, AI’s rapid growth includes autonomous bots capable of identifying vulnerabilities in open-source software and generating code that can be freely downloaded and adapted. However, the current limitation is that AI technology cannot autonomously plan or execute cyber attacks.


  • 6. Deep fake

    The report highlights instances where AI-generated deep fakes have been maliciously used. However, it notes a lack of data to fully quantify the extent of deep fake manipulation.

    The report suggests that addressing issues like digital watermark deletion in AI-generated content is a fundamental task in combatting deep fake content.

  • Source: www.theguardian.com

    Nao Warns of Serious and Immediate Threat of Cyber Attacks in White Hall

    The British government faces a potentially catastrophic threat that is described as “serious and advanced,” leaving it vulnerable to significant cyber attacks that could impact dozens of critical IT systems. The minister has been alerted to this threat.

    According to the National Audit Office (NAO), there are 58 crucial government IT systems that have been identified with “significant cybersecurity gaps.” Additionally, at least 228 government IT systems are outdated and potentially vulnerable to cyber attacks. NAO did not disclose the specific systems to prevent revealing potential targets to attackers.

    The data evaluated from the Cabinet Office reveals that multiple government organizations, such as HMRC and the Department for Work and Pensions, are at risk due to weak cybersecurity measures.

    The warning about these vulnerabilities came after two recent cyber attacks, including one on the British Library by Criminal Ransomware Groups.

    In May 2024, suspected Chinese hackers infiltrated military payment networks. The following month, a NHS foundation trust in South East London had to postpone thousands of appointments due to a cyber attack.

    NAO expressed concerns that senior civil servants did not fully comprehend the importance of cybersecurity resilience due to inadequate investment and staffing. The government aims to significantly improve its cybersecurity by 2025.

    The report by the expenditure watchdog highlights the need for bolstering UK resilience post-COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on various threats like floods and extreme weather events.

    The National Cyber Security Center of GCHQ warned about the increasing complexity of cyber threats and the UK’s lagging defense capabilities to safeguard critical national infrastructure.

    Notable ransomware threats come from China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea. Various cyber groups, including Bolt, Typhoon, Reborn, and Islamic State Hacking, pose significant threats to UK cybersecurity.

    Jeffrey Clifton Brown, a member of the Conservative Party, emphasized the need for heightened government coordination, improved cyber skills, and updated IT systems to protect public services from cyber threats.

    The government spokesperson acknowledged the past neglect of cybersecurity and announced new laws and projects to enhance national infrastructure resilience and cybersecurity skills.

    NAO reported in April 2024 that 58 important IT systems were at high risk, indicating a pressing need for improved cybersecurity measures to prevent potentially catastrophic cyber attacks.

    The increasing digitalization of government services makes it easier for malicious actors to disrupt critical services, emphasizing the urgency of enhancing cybersecurity defenses.

    Gareth Davis of NAO warned that the threat of cyber attacks on public services is severe and ongoing, urging the government to prioritize cybersecurity resilience and protection of critical operations.

    Nao highlighted the importance of addressing the long-standing shortage of cyber skills, improving accountability for cyber risks, and effectively managing risks associated with legacy IT systems.

    The government’s efforts to address cybersecurity challenges were hindered by temporary staff shortages and outdated recruitment practices. NAO recommended addressing these issues to strengthen cybersecurity defenses.

    Source: www.theguardian.com

    Ancient 1,900-Year-Old Papirus Uncovers Criminal Case in the Roman Empire.

    This Papirus, written in Greek, visited the area in 129/130 AD, and in front of Jewish or Roman officials in Arabia in the reign of the Roman Emperor Hadrian, before the revolution of 129/130 AD. This is a memorandum of hearing. The rebellion of Bar Coffba in 132. Papyrus includes the unofficial record of the hearing. This is related to many individual prosecutions, including specific Gadarias and Sauros. Avoid the empire Finances (Ministry of Finance dominated by the emperor).

    1, 900 years ago Papil Scotton. Image credit: Shai Halevi.

    Papyrus in question was found in the 1950s in one of the Nahal Haber caves in the Jewish desert.

    Initially, this document, which had been misaligned as a Nabatea, remained unnoticed until Hanna Cotton Pargi of Hebrew University was rediscovered in 2014.

    Currently, Papirus, which is called Papir Scotton, is the longest Greek document in the Jewish desert because it exceeds the 133 lines.

    Professor Cotton Parciel, Austrian Science Academy, Vienna University, and Hebrew's colleagues say that this document says the prosecutor in front of the Roman officials (132-136 CE) of the Roman officials (132-136 CE) the night before the bar. I judged that it was represented. A transcript that was rapidly drafted by the judicial hearing itself.

    The language is full of lively and direct, and one prosecutor has advised another prosecutor on the strength of various evidence and predicts the objection.

    “This papyrus is extraordinary to provide direct insights in preparing for trials in the Roman Empire,” said Dr. Anna Dorgano, Austrian Science Academy.

    “This is the best documented Roman court lawsuit from Jews apart from Jesus' trial,” said Dr. Avenner Ecker at Hebrew University.

    Papyrus detailed the incidents, which are almost compatible with modern Israel and Jordan, including forgery, tax evasion, fraudulent sales and slave abuse in Juda and Arabia.

    The main defendants, Gadarius and Sauros, are accused of corrupt transactions.

    Gadaria, the son of a notary public and probably Roman citizen, had a crime, including violence, terrifying tor, counterfeiting, and rebellion.

    His collaborator, Sauros, adjusted the fictitious sales and slaves principles without paying the necessary Rome taxes.

    In order to hide their activities, the defendant counterfeited documents.

    “Falculation and tax fraud have suffered severe penalties under the Roman law, such as intense labor and death penalty,” said Dolgonov.

    The criminal case was deployed between the two major Jews uprising to Rome's rule: Jewish Diaspola rebellion (115-117 CE) and Barcova rebellion (132-136 CE).

    In particular, this text involved Gadarias and Sauros in rebellious activities during the visit by Emperor Hadrian (129/130 AD), and when Bar Coffba Revolt began, Tanius, the governor of Juda, Tanius.・ It is named Rufus.

    With his previous anxiety, the Roman authorities probably have seen the defendant with doubt and linked their crimes to a wider conspiracy against the empire.

    “Whether they were actually involved in the rebellion remain unresolved, but the flirting is talking to the charged atmosphere at the time,” said Dolgano.

    “The nature of the crime makes a question because it doesn't seem to be a profitable business model,” said Dr. Ecker.

    “The origin of the slaves is unknown, but this case may include the Bible's duty of the Jews of illegal trafficking or reimbursing the slaves. “

    Papyrus provides new insights on the Roman method of the East Empire speaking in the Greek, referring to the governor of the Jewish Assazazi Tour and the Forced JU Service.

    “This document indicates that the Core Roma institution, a documented in Egypt, is being implemented throughout the empire,” Mitthof said.

    “Papyrus also introduces the ability to regulate private transactions in Roman in remote areas.”

    “In the Kokhba Revolt, the caution was a mystery, which is likely to have been born from a hideaway cave in the Jewish desert, and the results of the trial may have been interrupted by rebellion.”

    Team paper Published in the journal Thai

    ______

    Anna Dolgano et al。 2025. Falculation and fiscal fraud in the night before the bar: A memorandum of Roman officials (P.Cotton) and the minutes of trial. Thai 38; DOI: 10.25365/tyche-2023-38-5

    Source: www.sci.news

    Astronomers: Massive Black Holes Can Create Their Own Meals

    New data from a very large telescope between NASA's CHANDRA X-Ray Observatory and ESO provides evidence that explosions from ultra-large black holes can help you cool the gas and feed yourself.



    These images indicate two galaxy clusters of research, Perseus cluster and Centaul scraster. The chandradata represented by blue reveals X -rays from hot gas filaments, and VLT data indicates a red cooler filament. Image Credit: NASA / CXC / SAO / OLIVARES et al. / dss / cfht / sitelle / ESA / STSCI / ESO / VLT / MUSE / N. wolk.

    In a new study, Dr. Valeria Olibales and her colleagues of Santiago De Chile University analyzed the deep observations of seven galaxy clusters, which indicate a remarkable poly-phase filament structure: Perseus, M87, Centaur, Abel 2597, Abel 1795, Hydra-A, Hydra, and Hydra PKS 0745-191.

    “At the center of the galaxy cluster is the huge galaxy in the universe. This galaxy has a huge black hole with millions to billion times a mass of the sun.” I said.

    “The jet from these black holes is driven by the black hole that exhales gas.”

    Their results support a model in which the explosion from the black hole causes hot gases and cools down a narrow gas filament.

    Gas turbulence also plays an important role in this trigger process.

    According to the model, some of these warm gases in these filaments should flow into the center of the galaxy and supply them to black holes, causing explosions.

    The explosion cools more gas, supplies black holes, and leads to further explosions.

    The model predicts that it is related to the bright gas and warm gas filament at the center of the galaxy cluster.

    More specifically, in areas where hot gas is bright, warm gases need to be brightened.

    “Our results provide a new understanding of filament filled with these gases. This is important not only for feeding black holes, but also for forming new stars.” The person said.

    “This progress has been made possible by innovative technology that separates hot filaments of Chandra X -ray data from other structures, including a large cavity of hot gas created by a black hole jet.”

    “The newly discovered relationship of these filaments indicates the remarkable similarity of what is found in the tail of the jellyfish. These are peeled off when moving the surrounding gases and the long tail. It was formed.

    “This similarity means that the universe connection between the two objects is revealed and that these objects have a similar process.”

    Team paper Published in the journal Natural astronomy.

    ______

    V. Olivary et al. Hα-X-ray surface gaze correlation of the cooling flow cluster filament. Nut asron Released online on January 27, 2025. Doi: 10.1038/S41550-02473-8

    Source: www.sci.news

    Scientists worldwide discover a substantial magma reservoir beneath the inactive volcano

    The magma reservoir under the cascade range has a different depth, size, and complexity, but the upper magma body is spread, according to the Global Scientist’s team at Cornell University and Cascade Volcano Observatory.

    Mountleinia. Image credit: Walter Siegmund / CC by-Sa 3.0.

    The visible lava on the surface is an obvious indicator of the activity, but the long-standing beliefs are expelled during the eruption of active volcanoes, and there are large magma body that breaks down over time as the volcano becomes dormant. That is.

    But A New study It is published in the journal Natural global science Challenge this assumption.

    The study author has identified the magma chamber under the six volcanoes, six volcanoes of various sizes within the cascade range and six volcanoes.

    They discovered that all of the volcanoes, including dormant state, have a sustainable and large magma body.

    Given that some of these volcanoes, such as Lake Lake in Oregon, have not been active for thousands of years, the results are surprising.

    “Regardless of the frequency of eruptions, you can see a large magma under a lot of volcanoes,” said Dr. Guaning Pan, a researcher at Cornel University.

    “These magma bodies seem to be not only active, but also under volcanoes for a lifetime.”

    The fact that more volcanoes maintain a magma body is an important consideration on how researchers monitor and predict future volcanic activities.

    “We thought that if we found a large amount of magma, we thought it would increase the potential of eruptions, but now we change the perception that this is the baseline situation,” said Dr. Pan. Ta.

    The result suggests that the eruption does not completely discharge the magma chamber, indicating that it eliminates excessive amounts and pressure instead.

    The chamber can gradually solve the crust, so it can be slowly expanded and replenished over time.

    “With a general understanding of where the magma is, I was able to do a good job rather than optimizing monitoring,” said Professor Jeffrey Aberters of Cornell University.

    “There are many volcanoes that are sparse or not intensive research.”

    ______

    G. bread et al。 Partial melting long life under the volcano in the cascade range. nut. GeosciReleased online on January 23, 2025. Doi: 10.1038/S41561-024-01630-Y

    Source: www.sci.news

    Astronomers Confirm Existence of Three Exoplanets Orbiting Nearby Solar-Type Stars.

    G-Dwarf is one of these outside planets, HD 20794D, which is likely to be a rocky planet where the parent’s star can live. HD 20794

    This image shows a resident zone around HD 20794 (green) and three planets in the system. Image credit: Gabrielpérezdíaz / smm / IAC.

    “HD 20794 is not a normal star in HD 20794D,” said UNIGE ASTRONOMER XAVIER DUMUSQUE.

    “Due to its lightness and proximity, it becomes an ideal candidate for the future telescope, and its mission is to directly observe the atmosphere of the outside planet.”

    The HD 20794 is a bright G6V star in 6.04 % (19.7 light year) on the constellation of Ellidanus.

    Stars, also known as LHS 19 or ERI, host at least three large -scale outside planets: HD 20794B, C, and D.

    They have a track period of 18.3, 89.7, and 647.6 days, along with 2.2, 3, and 5.8 global quality.

    “The interest of Super Earth Planet The HD 20794D is located in a zone where the stars can live and the place where liquid water can exist.

    “Instead of tracing a relatively circular orbit like the Earth or Mars, the HD 20794D trains an elliptical trajectory with a large change in the distance to the star during the revolution.”

    “Therefore, the planet vibrates between the inner ends of the star -free zone (0.75 au) and the track (2 au).”

    “If there is water in the HD 20794D, it will promote the appearance of life from ice state to liquid state during the Earth revolution around the stars.”

    Astronomer monitored the HD 20794 system with the ESO’s very large telescope (VLT) in the paranal of Chile, the Echelle branch device of the rocky planet and the stable spectrum observation (espresso) device.

    They participated in espresso data along with the data of the high -precision radial speed planetary searcher (HARPS) device installed in the 3.6 -meter telescope of Chile, including archive data and new measurements from recent archives and new measurements.

    “The HD 20794 system is a high -priority target for future air characteristics evaluation with direct imaging facilities,” said researchers.

    Their paper Published in the journal Astronomy and astronomical physics

    ______

    N. Nari et al。 2025. Review of nearby star HD 20794 multi -planet system A & A 693, A297; DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202451769

    Source: www.sci.news

    Report: Climate change made conditions perfect for fueling California’s fire outbreak

    summary

    • A new report states that the modern and dry winds that have been dried at high temperatures led to the fire in the Southern California have been about 35 % higher due to climate change.
    • The survey results are from a world meteorological group that analyzes the effects of global warming on extreme events.
    • The fire killed at least 29 people and destroyed more than 16,000 buildings.

    The International Scientist Group has increased the extreme situation of climate change in the extreme situation that recent fires have made RO sounds in the Los Angeles area as a whole.

    A strong state of dry winds at high temperatures ahead of the fire could have been about 35 % higher due to global warming caused by humans. New reports from the World Meteorological attribute groupWe analyze the effects of global warming on extreme events.

    The fire, which began in the event of a fierce storm in the spring, killed at least 29 people, including houses, shops, and schools, as it had not been raining in the Great Los Angeles since spring.

    “This was a perfect storm for the conditions of the fire disaster. From the viewpoint of the climate that enables the climate, the weather that drives the fire, and the huge environment from the place where these ignitions occurred.” Merced, who contributed to the report at the University of California, said at a press conference.

    Compared to the time before the industrial revolution before fossil fuels were widely used, the Los Angeles area had a “dry season” on average every year, and the fire may match the seasonal Santaanana style. Is high. 。

    Park Williams, a geographical professor at the University of Los Angeles, the University of California, said Park Williams in the cool season of Southern California. Unusually dry state; Ignition (almost always comes from people); and extreme weather like recent storms. He explained each of these conditions as an individual switch in a system that needs to be turned over all four to emit light.

    “The artificial warming caused by climate change caused by humans makes light brighter,” said Williams.

    The author in the report analyzes the weather and climate models to evaluate how the warm atmosphere changes the possibility of fire (it means a condition that increases the risk of mountain fire). They also tracked how metrics called the fire weather index changed over time. The index tracks all factors that contribute to temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and fire.

    Researchers have discovered that the types of conditions that promote the fire in the LA region are expected to occur once every 17 years in today's climate. Such a state would have been predicted once in 23 years without climate change, and it would not have been so extreme when they occurred.

    Source: www.nbcnews.com

    Experts advocate for caution in using AI Deepseek in China

    There has been significant attention on the quick adoption of China’s artificial intelligence platform DeepSeek by experts, leading to the spread of misinformation and raising concerns about the use of user data by Chinese entities.

    This new low-cost AI has caused a $100 million drop in the major US high-tech index this week, becoming the most downloaded free app in the UK and US. Donald Trump referred to it as a “wake-up call” for high-tech companies.

    The emergence of DeepSeek in the high-tech world has shocked many, showing that platforms like ChatGpt can achieve similar performance at lower costs.

    Michael Urdridge, an AI Foundation professor at the University of Oxford, expressed concerns about potential sharing of data entered in the chatbot with the Chinese government.

    He mentioned: “I don’t see an issue in asking about Liverpool Football Club’s performance or the history of the Roman Empire, but when it comes to sensitive, personal, or private information, it raises concerns… I’m unsure about the destination of the data.”

    Dame Wendy Hall, a UN High-Level Advisory Group member, highlighted the importance of establishing clear rules on what can and cannot be shared.

    When questioned about the UK’s stance on using AI from China, Downing Street did not specify a particular model but emphasized the need to remove barriers to innovation in AI.

    DeepSeek is an open-source platform, allowing software developers to customize it for their needs. This has sparked hope for new AI innovations, challenging the dominance of US high-tech companies that heavily invest in microchips, data centers, and power supply.

    Wooldridge mentioned that some users testing DeepSeek found that it avoided answering questions on sensitive topics like Tiananmen Square, instead echoing the Chinese Communist Party’s views on Taiwan.

    Concerns were raised about the potential for misinformation with AI models like DeepSeek and ChatGpt, depending on the data used and how it’s interpreted. Users can verify these issues with the DeepSeek chatbot.

    One user, Azeem Azhar, an AI expert, noted that DeepSeek struggled to provide information on the Tiananmen Square events, citing censorship as a factor.

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    However, AI clarified that the Tiananmen Square events are widely recognized as a crackdown on democracy protests, with the Chinese government responding violently.

    People use AI models like DeepSeek and ChatGpt to analyze documents for personal and work purposes, but the data uploaded by the company’s owner can be used for AI training and other applications.

    DeepSeek, based in Hangzhou, detailed in its privacy policy that user information is stored on secure servers in China.

    They state that data usage is carried out to comply with legal obligations, perform tasks for public interest, or protect user and other essential interests, as per Chinese National Information Law guidelines.

    Source: www.theguardian.com

    The Meta Foundation by Molly Rose

    Mark Zuckerberg’s Meta has made changes to its policies following the tragic death of teenager Molly Russell, who was influenced by harmful content on Instagram related to suicide and self-harm. Just days before her passing, Molly raised concerns about the risks associated with social media platforms.

    The Molly Rose Foundation, established in memory of Molly Russell after her death in 2017, is now urging UK regulatory authorities to take urgent action to address these issues. Meta, under Zuckerberg’s leadership, recently announced modifications to its content acquisition methods, amid the restructuring of the company during the Trump administration.

    In the US, the fact-checking system has been replaced with a “community notes” feature, allowing users to verify the accuracy of content. Policies regarding “hate speech” have been revised, with guidelines on respectful language for non-binary individuals and restrictions on harmful claims based on gender or sexual orientation.


    Meta has implemented measures to address issues related to suicide, self-harm, and eating disorders through its automated content scanning system.

    Despite Meta’s efforts, the Molly Rose Foundation remains concerned about the normalization of harmful behaviors associated with suicide and self-harm, particularly among individuals experiencing severe depression.

    The META platform is working to collaborate with regulatory bodies to prevent teenagers from encountering harmful content.

    Meta’s own data shows that only 1% of reported suicide and self-harm content on their platforms between July and September last year led to action being taken.

    Andy Barrows, the CEO of the Molly Rose Foundation, emphasizes the need for OFCOM to strengthen regulations on tech platforms to ensure child safety. He warns that if OFCOM fails to act decisively, the Prime Minister should intervene.


    In May, OFCOM released a draft of safety guidelines requiring tech companies to take action in safeguarding children online. These measures include discontinuing algorithms recommending harmful content, implementing age verification checks, and enhancing overall safety protocols.

    A spokesperson for Meta asserts that they are actively working to identify and remove harmful content through automated systems and community standards. They emphasize their commitment to user safety and have restricted access to certain types of content for British teen accounts.

    An OFCOM representative affirms the importance of online safety laws in protecting children from risks like suicide and self-harm content, emphasizing swift removal of such materials.

    The OFCOM spokesperson states that social media companies, including Meta, must comply with regulations to protect children, and OFCOM is prepared to enforce these measures with full authority if necessary.

    Source: www.theguardian.com

    Trump alleges that Microsoft is in talks to purchase Titoku

    Donald Trump has implied that Microsoft is in discussions with Tactoku and he is hoping for a bidding war on apps.

    In response to whether Microsoft was considering acquiring an app, the US President stated, “I will say Jesus,” and added, “I have a lot of interest in Tiktok. Tactoku is of great interest.”

    Microsoft, Tiktok, and Bytedance did not immediately respond to Reuters’ requests for comments outside of regular business hours following the US President’s remarks on Air Force 1 on Monday.


    The reported remarks mark the second attempt to acquire Tiktok. During his first term, Trump had ordered Tactoku to divest its US operations citing national security concerns.

    Microsoft emerged as a top bidder in 2020, but the negotiations quickly fell apart, and Trump’s push for the sale ended a few months later.

    Tactoku, with approximately 170 million American users, faced an injunction from the Chinese owners to either comply with national security measures or face a ban on January 19. Shortly before this, the app was temporarily taken offline earlier this month.

    Upon taking office on January 20, Trump signed a presidential order to delay the enforcement of the injunction by 75 days.


    Last week, Trump revealed that he had discussed the purchase of Tactoku with multiple parties and would likely make a decision on the fate of the popular app within 30 days.

    The US President had previously stated that he would be open to a sale of the Social Media App to the CEO of Tesla if interested, although Elon Musk has not publicly responded to Trump’s offer.

    Recently, on Sunday, AI startup Perplexity AI proposed a merger with Tiktok. The US government informed Reuters on Sunday that it had invested in the future of the new company.

    In 2021, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella described Tiktok as “the oddest thing I’ve worked on.”

    He mentioned to the US government, “There are specific requirements and then just disappear.”

    Source: www.theguardian.com

    Exploring the Cultural Significance of Old Game Magazines and Nostalgia in Video Game History

    bIf you were a passionate gamer before the age of the Internet, chances are you were also an avid reader of gaming magazines. Publications like Crash, Mega, PC Gamer, and the official PlayStation Magazine have been fixtures in the industry since the early 1980s, fostering lively communities through their letter pages. Unfortunately, many of these magazines were not preserved and have been forgotten over time, unlike music and movie publications. As a former game journalist in the 1990s, I recall seeing hundreds of issues of popular game magazines like Super Play and Edge Masters being discarded like trash, which was disheartening.

    However, for many veteran gamers and video game enthusiasts, these magazines hold historical significance and provide nostalgic joy. Surviving copies of classic game magazines are highly sought after on platforms like eBay. The Internet Archive features scanned copies of these magazines, but legal issues with copyright owners can limit access.

    Fortunately, there are organizations dedicated to preserving game magazines. The Video Game History Foundation, a nonprofit organization focused on preserving gaming history, recently announced the launch of a digital archive where enthusiasts can read and study magazines online. This archive will eventually include over 1,500 issues of US game magazines, art books, and other printed materials, all fully searchable for easy access to information on gaming history.

    In a recent video introducing the archive, VGHF Library Filsalbador stated: “Whether you are a die-hard fan or just a curious observer, there is something for everyone.”

    The VGHF, founded in 2017 by game historian Frank Cifaldi, is working to create archives that academic institutions and museums can use to study gaming history. While the focus has traditionally been on preserving games themselves, there is a growing recognition that magazines offer valuable context. John Hardman, creative director and co-CEO of the National Video Game Museum in Sheffield, notes that game magazines provide insights into players’ relationships with video games, serving as a time capsule of gaming culture.

    Game magazines often reflect the specific demographics of their audience, showcasing industry trends and cultural norms. Advertisements from the 1990s to the early 2000s frequently depicted women in revealing outfits, even for genres like military shooters and strategy sims. This marketing strategy targeted teenage male audiences, as explained by museum curator Anne Wayne. The content of these magazines offers a unique perspective on the gaming community and the discussions and trends of the time.

    The US Video Game Historical Foundation digitizes classic video game magazines archives. Photo: VGHF

    Both VGHF and the National Video Game Museum rely on donations to continue their preservation efforts. Recently, the museum received a complete collection of PC Gamer magazines from a generous collector, including all cover demo disks and inserts. Magazine publishers also play a crucial role in preservation, as seen with Future Publishing’s archival efforts.

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    Reflecting on the history of video games, it’s clear that the industry’s trajectory was not always straightforward. Game magazines challenged the notion that technological superiority guarantees success, offering a less linear perspective on the industry’s evolution. As you explore the VGHF digital archive, you’ll see that the success of consoles like the Sega Mega Drive, PlayStation, and Nintendo Wii was not always a foregone conclusion. In times of uncertainty for the gaming industry, these magazines serve as vital historical records, shedding light on a complex and ever-evolving landscape.

    Source: www.theguardian.com

    Increasing marine heat sources indicate acceleration of climate change.

    The high seawater temperature that contributed to the weather of California’s storm in late 2023

    Kevin Carter/Getty Image

    Researchers say the rapid increase in marine temperature up to the level of the record breaking in 2023 and 2024 is a sign that the pace of climate change has accelerated.

    The world marine temperature reached a record high for 450 days in 2023 and early 2024. The Ehninho’s weather pattern, which appears in the Pacific Ocean, can explain some of the extra heat, but about 44 % of the recorded warmth is decreasing to the world. According to the sea, which absorbs heat from the sun, the acceleration speed Christmer chat At a British lady university.

    Merchants and his colleagues have analyzed marine warming over the past 40 years using satellite data, concluding that the speed of warming has been more than four times since 1985.

    The team says that this rapid acceleration depends on the rapid change of the EEI of the earth’s energy. This is the scale of how much heat is trapped in the atmosphere. The EEI has doubled since 2010, and the sea has absorbed much more heat than before.

    “The sea generally sets a pace of global warming,” says a merchant. “Therefore, as an extension, global warming is accelerating as a whole, including land.” Merchants are “I personally convinced that accelerating climate change is a major factor in recent marine temperature increase. I say. “

    Based on their analysis, merchants and his team predict that marine warming will continue to increase rapidly in the next few decades. “If the tendency of the EEI is out of the future, a large amount of global warming can be expected in the next 20 years, as in the past 40 years.

    The climate model hopes that the speed of climate change will accelerate, but the analysis of the merchant suggests that the trend of the real world is in line with the most pessimistic model forecast. “The fact that this data -driven analysis is placed in a high -end high -end that the model predicted is a problem that needs to be viewed,” he says.

    However, early data suggests that EEI decreased in 2024 after a recorded spike in 2023. Some researchers argue that this data may not accelerate in the worst scenario.

    topic:

    Source: www.newscientist.com

    The Hubble Telescope Reveals a Galaxy Hosting a Supernova

    The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has captured an impressive photo of a well-known galaxy called Wisea J070815.11+210422.3.



    SN 2022AJN looks like a blue point in the center of this Hubble image, brightening the Wisea J070815.11+210422.3 blurred body. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / RJ Foley, UC Santa Cruz.

    Wisea J070815.11+210422.3 is situated approximately 600 million light years away in the Gemini constellation.

    This image was captured about two months following the supernova event in the galaxy, known as SN 2022AJN.

    “Up until the announcement made in November 2022, SN 2022AJN had not been the focus of published research,” stated Hubble astronomers.

    “Hubble observed this supernova for a reason. SN 2022AJN is classified as a Type IA supernova, resulting from the explosive death of a star’s core.”

    Type IA Supernovae are valuable to astronomers for determining distances to distant galaxies.

    “This is feasible because Type IA supernovae exhibit consistent brightness, emitting the same amount of light regardless of their distance from Earth,” they explained.

    “Thus, by comparing observed brightness to expected brightness, the distance to the supernova and its host galaxy can be calculated.”

    “Despite its apparent simplicity, this measurement method is complicated by intergalactic dust.”

    “A supernova appearing red when it should be blue can be due to dust between galaxies affecting its appearance.”

    “To address this complication, Hubble is being employed to study a total of 100 Type IA supernovae across seven wavelength bands, ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared.”

    The color image of Wisea J070815.11+210422.3 was produced from various exposures collected in the infrared part of the spectrum using Hubble Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3).

    Four filters were utilized to sample different infrared wavelengths, with each filter assigned a different hue to represent a single color image.

    “This image blends data from four infrared wavelengths,” explained scientists.

    “Infrared light passes through dust more effectively than visible or ultraviolet light.”

    “By comparing supernova brightness across different wavelengths, researchers can mitigate the impact of dust and distance, enhancing measurements of distant galaxies and the universe’s expansion.”

    Source: www.sci.news

    Early Chinese Humans Coexisted with Small Cat Species

    I was named PRIONAILURUS KURTENIThe new cat’s species are the smallest known fossil members of the Wissil family.



    PRIONAILURUS KURTENI It was as small as a cat with rusty spots (PRIONAILURUS RUBIGINOSUS) Image credit: David V. Raju / CC by-Sa 4.0.

    PRIONAILURUS KURTENI About 300,000 years ago, I currently lived in southern China in the middle of the world.

    “The southern eastern Asia and southern China are outstanding as the diversity of Lexae, which has four types of leopard cats, especially Ferini’s hot pot. PRIONAILURUS2 kinds of golden cats KatopmaOne kind of marble cat PardofelisAnd one kind of wild cat, Ferris ChaussDr. Jiangzuo of the Chinese Academy and his colleagues vertebrates of vertebrates and the Anti -Anthropology Institute.

    “Most ferrini species share the characteristics of similar teeth, but shows the difference between the body size and ecological niche, which is an example of mammals in forest areas, which is a diversification/radiation example.”

    “However, the history of the evolution of Ferrini in southern Asia and southern China is hardly known for the relatively rare fossil area of ​​the forest area. Records, some are isolated teeth that have not been diagnosed in Ferini. Separately.

    The newly identified cat species belongs to PRIONAILURUSA natural genus of a wild cat with small spots native to Asia.

    “The genus PRIONAILURUS Four (or five) are the most diverse grids in the south and southeast forests of Asia, and four (or five) have known species.

    “The molecular dating system supports the renewal radiation of the genus late world.”

    “However, the fossil species of the genus are not known (all are known are existing or SP. SP. It is often the genus. Ferris), And the fossils of the genus are very rare. “

    “I explain this fact. The first is a rare fossil cats in southern China, mainly represented by cave sediments, and small bones are often rare. The second is careful. It is a historic assignment of all small cats to Ferris without revising these materials.

    Small lower jaw fragments PRIONAILURUS KURTENI Discovered in Hualongdong Cave I, a fossil Homo A region at the southernmost tip of Anfiy, China.

    “The dating of the uranium series gives the range of 275, 00 to 331 and 00 years of fossils. Homo Researchers say that the layer goes from stage 9E to 8c of the ocean isotopes. “

    “The fossil cats explained in this study were also obtained from this layer.”

    PRIONAILURUS KURTENI It represents known fossil members so far.

    Ancient species are comparable to two minimum modern cats. Cat with rusty spots (PRIONAILURUS RUBIGINOSUS) and Black foot cat (Ferris Niglipes)

    “Identification of PRIONAILURUS KURTENI Potentially suggests high diversity PRIONAILURUS In the past, we emphasize the importance of reconsidering small cat department classification methods to better understand the evolution and diversification of this family. “

    Their paper Published in the journal Annales Zoologici Fennici

    ______

    Mt. et al。 2024. PRIONAILURUS KURTENI (Carnivora, Carnivora), HUALONGDONG’s update of HUALONGDONG in the southern China is a small new species of a small native fossil area Hominin area. Annales Zoologici Fennici 61 (1): 335-342; DOI: 10.5735/086.061.0120

    Source: www.sci.news

    Physicists at CERN investigate potential Lorentz symmetry violations in top quark pair production

    A physicist in charge of CERN’s large -scale Hadronco Rider has tested whether top queks follow Albert Einstein’s special theory.

    Installation of CMS beam pipe. Image credit: CERN / CMS collaboration.

    In addition to quantum mechanics, Albert Einstein’s special relativity is functioning as the basis of the standard model of particle physics.

    In that mind, there is a concept called Lorentz symmetry. The experimental results do not depend on the direction or speed of the experiment in which they were taken.

    Special relativity has endured the trials of time. However, some theories, including specific models in string rationale, predict that very high energy does not work with special relativity and experimental observation depends on the direction of space -time experiments.

    Lorentz’s remnants of the symmetry destruction can be observed with low -energy, such as the energy of a large hoodron co -rider (LHC), but has not been found on LHC or other colliders despite previous efforts.

    In a new study, CMS physicists have searched for Lorentz symmetry on LHC using the top quark pair, the most known basic particles.

    “In this case, relying on the direction of the experiment means that the speed at which the top quark pair is generated by the LHC collision in the LHC is different over time,” they said.

    “To be more accurate, the average direction of the top quark generated in the center of the LHC proton beam and the center of the CMS experiment also changes because the earth rotates around the axis.”

    “As a result, and if there is a priority in space -time, the production rate of the highest pair varies by era.”

    “Therefore, finding a deviation from a certain speed will discover the direction of space -time priority.”

    The new results of the team based on the LHC’s second execution data consistent with a certain speed. In other words, Lorentz’s symmetry is not broken, and Einstein’s special relativity remains effective.

    Researchers have used results to limit the size of the parameters that are predicted to be null when symmetry is maintained.

    The obtained restrictions have improved up to 100 times with the previous search results, which were destroyed by Lorentz symmetry in the previous Tevatron accelerator.

    “The results will open a way to search for the future in which Lorentz symmetry will be destroyed based on the top quark data from the third run of LHC,” said scientists.

    “Open the door to scrutinization of processes including other heavy particles that can only be investigated on LHC, such as Higgs Boson, W and Z Bosons.”

    study Published in the October 2024 issue of the journal Physics B.

    ______

    CMS collaboration. 2024. Use the Dilepton Event in the 13 TEV Proton Proton collision to search for Lorentz invaluity in the production of top quark pairs. Physics B 857: 138979; DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2024.138979

    Source: www.sci.news

    Uncommon Aerobic Bacterium Discovered Capable of Degrading Persistent “Forever Chemicals”

    Labris Portucalensis F11A Strain of Aerobic Bacterium From the Xanthobactereae Family, Can Break Down and Transform at ThreeS of-and PolyFluoroarkyl Substances (PFAS) C Byprodusts, According to New Research.

    Labris Portucalensis F11 CAN BE POTENTIALLY USED FOR PFAS BIODEGRADADATION in CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENTS. Image Credit: Wijayahena et alDOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTOTENV.2024.178348.

    “The Bond Between Carbon and Fluorine Atoms IS IS STRONG, SO MOST MICROBES CANNOT Use IT AN ENERGY SOURCE,” ER at the University at buffalo and suny.

    “THE Labris Portucalensis F11 Bacterial Strain Developed The Ability to CHOP AWAY THE FLUORINE AND EAT THE CARBON.

    Labris Portucalensis F11 Was Isolated from the SOIL OF ANDUSTRIAL SITE in PORTUGAL AND HAD Utical Contaminants. However, it Had Never BeeN Tested on Pfas.

    In The New Study, Professor AGA and HER COLLEAGUES FOUND THAT Labris Portucalensis F11 METABOLIZED OVER 90% of OF Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) Following An Exposit of 100 Days.

    PFOS Is ONE OF THE TYQUENTLY DETECTED TYPES OF PFAS AND WAS DESIGNATED HAZARDOUS BY THE US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYT Year.

    Labris Portucalensis F11 ALSO BROKE down LOMER SULFONATE.

    UNLIKE MANY PRIOR STUDIES ON PFAS-DEGRADING BACTERIA, The New Study Accounted for Shorter-Chain Breain Breakdown Products-or Metabolites.

    In some case, Labris Portucalensis F11 EVEN REMOVED FLUORINE FROM The Metabolites or Broke Them Down to Minute, Undetector Levels.

    “Many Previbility Studies Have Only Degradation of Pfas, But Not the Formation of Metabolites,“ SAID MINDULA WIJAYAHENA E University at Buffalo and Suny.

    “WE Not ONLY ACCOUNTED FOR PFAS Byprodusts But Found some of Them Continued to Be Further Degradeded by The Bactteria.”

    PFAS ARE A GROUP OF UBIQUITOUS CHEMICALS WIDELY USED SINCE THE THE 1950S in EVERYTHING from Nonstick Pans to Fire-Fighting Materials.

    THEY'RE At the Can USE THEIR CARBON as an enERGY SOURCE.

    “IF BACTERIA SURVIVE IN A HARSH, POLLUTED ENVIRONMENT, It's Probable Vecause THEY HAVE ADAPTED TO USE SURROUNDING CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS AS AS AS ASO RCE SO THEY DON'T Starve, “Professor AGA SAID.

    “Through Evolution, SOME BACTERIA CAN DEVELOP EFFECTIVE MECHANISMS to USE Chemical Contaminants to Help Them Grow.”

    THE Findings Were publiced ​​in the journal Science of the total Environment.

    ______

    Mindula K. Wijayahena et al2025. PFAS BIODEGRADATION by Labris Portucalensis F11: Evidence of Chain Shortening and Identification of Metabolites of PFOS, 6: 2 FTS, and 5: 3 FTCA. Science of the total Environment 959: 178348; Doi: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2024.178348

    Source: www.sci.news

    Psychologists’ concealment of racism within gymnastics exposed

    Kion West can talk about an anecdote about racism that he has experienced on a daily basis, but does not. He says that a personal testimony rarely persuades someone, is often rejected or is cleared for another reason that is not so unpleasant. He prefers to focus on facts instead of emotions caused by racist behavior and racist accusations.

    Social psychologists at the Goldsmith School at the University of London have integrated hundreds of strict demonstration research on racist discrimination for decades in new books. Science of racism。 He scientifically accurately accurate what modern racism and the complexity surrounding it by exploring how racism can be detected through experiments and the effects on society as a whole. We are building a whole picture.

    It is clear that society to fight racism is still inadequate, but there are many things that can be done. The same study, which proves racism, can help all of you to elucidate psychological exercises that almost everyone is doing to hide racist behavior from themselves. The idea of ​​such personal prejudice can gradually solve many racist behavior.

    In this interview, the waist describes a method that is backed by science to discover various outfit racism, showing light on ideas such as reverse ratism and organized racism. He wants to change direction to confront racism from the front, because public debate discusses whether racism exists.

    Amalachi Orie: What is racist discrimination?

    Kion West: There are two definitions that may be useful. There is something useful for conducting scientific experiments. Racism is everything.

    Source: www.newscientist.com

    Millions of Deaths in European Cities Linked to Extreme Temperatures

    Tourists are trying to cool down in Rome, which is expected to increase significantly by heat stroke by 2099

    Massimo Valickia/Nurphoto (via Getty Image)

    Researchers predict that if there are no further measures to restrict global warming and adapt to global warming, 2.3 million people will die in major European cities by 2099. I am. However, in cold northern northern countries, such as the United Kingdom, the number of deaths associated with the temperature of the cold will decrease due to the increase in the number of deaths due to the cold.

    “It's presumed that there are some pure reductions, but it's very small compared to the significant increase in the Mediterranean region,” says. Pierre Maslot At London Hygiene Tropical Medicine School.

    Masero's team first investigated epidemiological research on how the number of deaths increased during the intense heat or extreme cold period. Next, his team uses these statistical links to estimate how excessive deaths change in the next century in a variety of global warming scenarios.

    The study is for 850 cities where 40 % of European population lives, but not in rural areas. This is because if many people live in a narrow area and are exposed to almost the same conditions, the statistical connection will be stronger.

    If the city does not adapt, the ultimate impact of climate change will increase in exponential functions as global warming progresses. In the same scenario as the current scenario, the temperature -related number of excess deaths will increase by 50 % to 136 per year by 2099 by 2099 by 2099.

    According to Masero, this figure will decrease if we take measures such as spreading air conditioners and planting trees in the city center, but to significantly reduce the vulnerabilities of the people in the heat. It is necessary. “This is far beyond what we have already observed in many countries around the world.”

    The estimated value of the research team is based on the daily average temperature in the global warming scenario, and there is no possibility that extreme heat waves may be generated. “I know that this is usually enough to be able to associate death and temperature,” Maserotto says.

    He says this is the most comprehensive study of this kind of study so far. It contains more countries, and for the first time, it was suggested that the number of deaths related to temperature increased as the continent warmed in France and Germany.

    He says that rising temperature will have a wide range of effects from people's health to productivity. “The destiny to die is only part of the story.”

    topic:

    Source: www.newscientist.com

    Preventing Inflammation After Stroke by Blocking This Enzyme

    Stroke can cause irreversible, life-altering, and long-term brain damage. A stroke can be caused by a blood clot called a thrombus. ischemic strokeor a ruptured blood vessel. hemorrhagic stroke. Our brains require large amounts of oxygen, so when blood flow is interrupted, oxygen-dependent brain substances are damaged in the short term.

    Think of the blood vessels in your brain as a perfectly designed highway. When an ischemic stroke occurs, blood clots block these blood vessels, preventing oxygen from reaching the brain. When an ischemic stroke occurs, microglia It acts as our body's “ambulance” and focuses on the site of the blood clot. Scientists classify microglia into two types: anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory. Anti-inflammatory microglia help fight inflammation in the brain. Pro-inflammatory microglia cause further brain inflammation by damaging nerve cells. neuronremove the protective sheath known as . myelin.

    Chinese researchers recently developed a hypothesis that inhibits an enzyme associated with inflammation called histone deacetylase 3 or HDAC3 may reduce proinflammatory microglial production in mice. They reasoned that because HDAC3 enzymes activate proinflammatory immune cells, inhibiting these enzymes may reduce inflammation.

    To study how stroke affects the production of inflammatory cells, the researchers first determined which cell types in mice were most likely to be affected by HDAC3. They induced strokes in mice and found that HDAC3 was more active in the mice's microglia than in other cells. High levels of HDAC3 were present in the mice's neurons, but they were not active. The researchers interpreted this data to suggest that HDAC3 plays a more important role in microglia than in other types of brain cells.

    Next, the researchers genetically engineered mice that lack microglial HDAC3. knockout mouse. They compared the knockout mice to a control group of mice that retained microglial HDAC3. They induced strokes in both groups of mice for 60 minutes. They then examined the mice's brains using MRI after three, 14, and 35 days to see how the brain damage caused by the stroke progressed in the two different groups. They found that the knockout mice had less brain damage than control mice on all three days.

    The researchers also found that the knockout mice had better scores on motor, learning, memory, and behavioral tests than control mice. For example, when scientists applied sticky tape to the soles of mice's feet, the knockout mice removed the tape about 50 seconds faster than control mice. The knockout mice had less myelin loss and less degeneration of electrical pathways in the brain. The researchers interpreted these results to suggest that inhibiting microglial HDAC3 in mice prevented brain damage and improved mental performance after stroke.

    The researchers also investigated which gene There were active and inactive forms in two sets of mice. They found that all pro-inflammatory genes tested were inactive in knockout mice, but highly active in mice with microglial HDAC3. They also found that the knockout mice had less activity in genes that produce inflammatory cells.

    The researchers concluded that deleting microglial HDAC3 can prevent brain inflammation, myelin removal, and brain tissue damage during stroke. However, before HDAC3 deletion becomes a treatment, they recommended that future researchers determine whether there are any serious side effects. The reduction in inflammation in mice means the same technology could one day be used to reduce the inflammatory effects of stroke in humans.


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    Source: sciworthy.com

    Investors spooked as China’s AI chatbot Deepseek causes global technology stock drop on the stock market

    Global tech stocks took a hit on Monday as investors reacted to the emergence of a Chinese chatbot competitor, Deepseek, on Openai’s ChatGpt. This raised concerns about the long-term sustainability of the artificial intelligence boom in the US.

    The NASDAQ index in New York, heavily weighted towards tech, dropped as investors processed the news about Deepseek’s latest AI model development.

    Companies like Nvidia, valued at over $400 billion, saw significant losses in their market capitalization as shares plummeted. Other tech giants like Alphabet and Meta also experienced declines.

    Deepseek’s AI assistant topped the charts on the Apple App Store in the US and UK, surpassing Openai’s ChatGpt.

    Stocks of other US-based AI companies like Tesla, Meta, and Amazon also saw declines in early trading.

    Deepseek’s claims about developing advanced AI models using fewer chips than competitors have raised doubts around the massive AI investments made by US companies in recent years.

    The company utilized lower-powered chips from Nvidia to create its model, highlighting the potential limitations of US technology export bans on China.

    Venture capitalist Marc Andreessen likened Deepseek’s achievement to a “Sputnik moment” in the AI industry, signaling a notable disruption.

    Deepseek’s R1 model outperforms other leading models in various benchmarks, challenging the dominance of tech giants like Google and Meta.

    Founded by entrepreneur Liang Wenfeng, Deepseek focuses on research rather than commercial products, aiming to make AI accessible and affordable to all.

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    Deepseek’s disruptive approach to AI has led to questions about the necessity of heavy investments in AI infrastructure and the supremacy of US tech companies in the field.

    The pan-European Stoxx 600 and Asian tech stocks also took a hit, reflecting the global impact of Deepseek’s advancements.

    Experts in the field acknowledge the significance of Deepseek’s breakthrough, highlighting the potential for innovation without the need for massive resources.

    Source: www.theguardian.com

    UK welfare system AI prototype criticized for its “misguided launch,” say officials

    According to the Guardian, ministers have halted or abandoned at least six artificial intelligence prototypes for welfare systems, indicating that Prime Minister Kia Starmer’s efforts to improve government efficiency are facing challenges.

    It has been revealed that these AI prototypes were not advanced to enhance staff training, improve job center services, expedite disability benefits payments, and update communication systems. Officials acknowledge the importance of “thorough testing” to ensure the expandability and reliability of the AI system.

    While two of the discarded prototypes were highlighted as successful tests in the latest annual report by the Department of Labor Pensions (DWP), A-Cubed aimed to assist staff in guiding job seekers and Igents to expedite disability benefits for millions of people.

    The Prime Minister emphasized the role of AI in transforming public services and urged ministers to prioritize the introduction and growth of AI in each ministry and agency. However, Ada Loveless’s Associate Director, Imougen Parker, highlighted the importance of learning from failures and ensuring that the reality of AI aligns with rhetoric.

    The use of AI in welfare systems by DWP has not been disclosed in the government’s algorithm transparency registry, raising concerns about transparency and accountability in the use of AI technology.

    While officials have acknowledged that AI technology may play a role in future system developments, they stress the importance of thorough testing before implementation. This indicates the challenges faced by the Labour Party in their efforts to revolutionize public services through AI.

    Peter Kyle, the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation, and Technology, announced plans to utilize AI for transforming public services and improving economic productivity. Director Laura Gilbert highlighted the importance of learning from failures and continuing to explore new opportunities for impact.

    The DWP officials emphasized the importance of scalability and reliability in AI products and acknowledged the need for thorough testing before implementing AI systems. However, concerns remain about transparency and the potential impact of AI on inequality and fairness in the welfare field.

    The government spokesperson highlighted the short-term nature of concept demonstration projects and the importance of learning from these projects to inform future implementations. The government aims to follow a “Scan, Pilot, Scale” approach outlined in the AI opportunity action plan to harness the full potential of AI in transforming public services.

    Source: www.theguardian.com

    New Way to Navigate the Housing Crisis: Join a Facebook Group Celebrating Retro Australian Homes and Culture

    One of my favorite Facebook group members is someone who shares a dislike for white paint.

    In the comments, people discuss old houses from the mid-century era that have been painted white. Some debate whether they can undo the damage caused by previous owners. The focus is on the “incredibly destructive act” of whitewashing these homes, with a link shared to a house that is currently for sale. “I scrolled past three pictures and had to stop,” reads one of the 80 intense replies.

    “Unbelievable destructive act”: A white-painted trend that surrounds the beauty of the Middle Ages. Photo: facebook / meta

    These are my people and we belong to a retro house for sale group in Australia. This group is dedicated to sharing links to houses from the 1950s, 60s, and 70s (or earlier!) that are currently on the market. We also admire well-maintained vintage beach houses while mourning the tragically renovated interiors that have lost their charm due to new colors.


    I may not know what this group is all about, but now it occupies most of my scrolling time and mental space. I find great joy in eavesdropping on discussions about old houses, connecting with strangers over a shared passion. The allure of retro pastel bathrooms and wooden paneling is like a free fashion show. My current favorite discovery is a church converted by Welby. It has a ghostly appearance and sits on 5 acres of land with aging houses around it. In Teac, Victoria, there are remnants of a cult commune or “church-based community” with a “rich heritage,” as delicately put in the listing.

    But my obsession goes beyond curiosity. It’s no secret that the Australian housing market is tough, but within this Facebook group, dreams can flourish. I share links to remarkable properties with the group chat, envisioning myself repairing and restoring them.

    “Church that looks like a ghost that looks like a ghost” … or a fixer upper that is perfect for this housing crisis. Photo: Realestate.com.au

    I skip over listings in pricey Sydney suburbs that are out of reach and focus on fixer-uppers outside the city. I imagine a different life that could have been mine if I had bought one of these homes.

    Could I live in a town like Kyogle, NSW, with a population of 2,751? Or perhaps Mount Barker, South Australia? But most of all, I dream of Tasmania with its retro mysteries, affordable prices, and proximity to the beach – if only the water temperature were a bit warmer.

    “Can I live in Kaoguru, New South Wales? Population 2,751?” Photo: facebook / meta

    This charm is on borrowed time. Retro houses in Australia continue to dwindle as money often triumphs over taste, leading to the demolition of older homes in favor of newer, cheaper options. I witness this reality daily. Despite the construction boom near my beachside Sydney neighborhood, I long for the stories that old houses hold. However, online, I maintain hope that one of these houses can be mine, exchanging thoughts and ideas with others in the group.

    www.theguardian.com

    Dangers Associated with Lithium-Ion Batteries

    summary

    • One of the biggest cleanup issues due to the fire in Southern California is lithium -ion batteries, which can explode after damage or heat.
    • The battery is located in electric vehicles and is overflowing in some burning nearby, including the Pacific Parisard.
    • The process of neutralizing the battery is complicated and requires high -level technical sophistication.

    When a clean -up approach in the Los Angeles area begins, one of the largest tasks in areas that are suffering from mountain fire are many lithium -ion batteries involved in flames.

    The battery supplies power to most plug -in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles, and is used in golf carts, E -bikes, laptops, mobile phones, and wireless earphones. They can also be found in power banks that provide backup energy during the stop. More and more popular at home

    If damaged or overheated, lithium -ion batteries may ignite or explode. The remaining fever causes a chain reaction to burn the remaining fever in order to burn processes that can occur over a few days, weeks, or months in an incapacitated and natural process.

    Officials have stated that Pacific Parisseed and Altadena facilities, which collectively destroyed at least 12,000 structures of Parisard and Eaton, had more electric vehicles than average.

    “This is … from our estimation, it is probably the largest lithium -ion battery pickup and clean -up, and it has happened in the world history,” said the Case Commander of the Environmental Protection Agency's Parisado and Eaton Fire Cleanup. Steve Karanog said.

    However, the clean -up process is complicated and consolidated.

    The California Emergency Service Bureau has already dispatched a dangerous product team to find out where lithium -ion batteries and flags are posted. The EPA is referred to as a battery recovery team that supervises the efforts to collect them. CHRIS MYERS, a technical specialist in the lithium -ion battery involved in the EPA cleanup, said the collection process can be started early on Monday.

    “It's dangerous because all of these batteries are not consumed by fire, so it's all dangerous now because it's damaged,” he said. Myers explained that the battery system for hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles is well protected, so even a vehicle damaged by a fire may have charged batteries.

    Calanog said, “a lot of technical sophistication and care are needed,” to handle the battery. The EPA team needs to wear a flame -resistant clothing under a disposable protective suit. The mask covers the face, comes with an inserted cartridge, excludes chemical substances, or attached to the air tank. The crew blocks the operating area and stores water on the premises in case of flame.

    Before you can send them to waste or recycled facilities, the collected batteries must be eliminated so that they are not kept in charge or very small. Therefore, according to Myers, the EPA may use the process developed after the 2023 Maui Wildfire. If the battery loses the charge, you can crush it with a steam roller or ship it to a special packaging facility.

    Especially in California, lithium -ion batteries have been piled up after the wilderness, given the rise in the sale of hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles. In the state, 35 % of the new vehicles sold in the state will be excreted by 2026, and all new vehicles will be excreted by 2035.

    In Los Angeles CountyAccording to the California Energy Committee, at least 581,000 vehicles, including plug -in hybrids and complete electric vehicles, were sold in the past 15 years. Even in Pacific Parisade alone, more than 5,500 zero emission vehicles were sold from 2010 to 2024.

    “There are so many electric vehicles in this area. There are probably much more electric vehicles than in other areas,” said Adam Vangelpen, a spokeswoman at the Los Angeles Fire Department. “Many of these people also had solar roofs and solar batteries for wall power banks.”

    YUZHANG LI, a professor of UCLA's chemistry and bio molecular engineering, stated that the most dangerous battery was not completely destroyed, but a partially burned car battery.

    “If the electric vehicle is already burning out, I think the risk is relatively minimal because all fires have destroyed the battery,” he said.

    When the authorities start a huge amount of cleaning from the fire in Southern California, the top priority that the EPA calls “phase 1” is to remove harmful waste such as asbestos, batteries, oil, paint, etc. because the material can be released. That is. Toxic smoke.

    According to Calanog, it can take about six months for the entire process.

    Meyers said that the battery recovery process would not slow down the timeline, but said, “The scale here is certainly a big challenge.”

    Regarding the place to dispose of harmful waste, Calanog stated that EPA has not yet been determined and many sites are available.

    However, Vangelpen said that many facilities that receive harmful waste are outside California, and that the amount of waste they want to accept may be limited.

    You need to clear waste before the authorities clean up, that is, before debris removes. VANGERPEN has urged residents to avoid sifting the roof Rub until the property is considered safe.

    “Residents should not try to remove dangerous debris,” he said. “Normal household supplies are dangerous and may bring risks.”

    Source: www.nbcnews.com

    “Significant apprehensions” about the utilization of DWP AI for interpreting welfare communications

    wDeciding whether to respond to the daily influx of 25,000 letters and emails can be challenging. If you are overwhelmed and seeking help from the most vulnerable individuals in the country, your workload will only increase.

    This is a dilemma faced by the Department of Work and Pensions (DWP) as they receive a flood of communication, including handwritten letters, from over 20 million people, including British retirees and welfare claimants. The DWP is exploring the use of artificial intelligence, like White Mail, to speed up the process of reading and responding to these messages.

    While human reading used to take weeks, White Mail can process the same amount of information in a day, prioritizing cases of the most vulnerable individuals for prompt attention. However, concerns remain about the accuracy and fairness of this AI-driven system, especially as it has not been publicly documented in the Central Government AIS registry.

    White Mail has been undergoing trials since at least 2023 under the leadership of Mel Stride, the then Secretary of State for Welfare. While the system aims to expedite support for those in need, there are concerns about the lack of transparency and consent in handling sensitive personal data.

    Organizations like Turn2us have expressed reservations about the processing of highly confidential information without the knowledge or consent of the individuals involved. The DWP claims that data is encrypted and securely stored, but questions remain about the ethical implications of using AI in this context.

    The use of AI like White Mail raises questions about accountability, transparency, and the protection of vulnerable claimants’ rights. Regular audits and data transparency are essential to ensure fair and ethical use of such technology.

    DWP’s approach to utilizing AI in handling large volumes of communication requires careful scrutiny to uphold the principles of fairness and integrity. Transparency and accountability should be at the forefront of AI implementation to safeguard the rights of those who rely on welfare support.

    For further information or comments, please reach out to the DWP.

    Source: www.theguardian.com

    Privacy group claims that the gov.uk app could pave the way for a mandatory ID scheme

    Privacy athleticist is a new app that emphasizes the risk of using citizens’ driver’s license, passport, and welfare documents as an “essential ID scheme lunch pad”.

    Last week, Peter Kyle, a technology secretary, introduced a GOV.UK app and a GOV.UK wallet plan.

    These include proof of rights to work in the UK, welfare rights, veteran ID cards, and DBS certificates. This technology incorporates biological authentication security like face scanning. Similar electronic government apps have been implemented in countries such as Poland, Estonia, and Iceland.

    Kyle suggests that while paper documents will still be used, the convenience of the app is “inevitable” as more people find it “convincing.” He is working diligently to make this a reality.

    Kyle explains that this app features a digital document wallet similar to those found on Apple and Google smartphones, “completely revolutionizing shopping, banking methods, and travel methods.” Ta.

    Mock -up of digital driving license pages stored in Gob.uk ‘Wallet’ on a smartphone. Photo: Faculty of Science/PA

    However, the athleticist is now requesting transparency regarding the impacts of new systems on privacy before deployment.

    “Kyle may not be in charge of the department for science, innovation, and technology, but the future government may easily utilize optional digital wallets as a fundamental ID scheme launch pad.”

    “By including our face recognition data, this vast identity system becomes highly sensitive and tempting for hackers, becoming a honeypot.”

    James Baker, Open Rights Group campaign manager, comments:

    “Are we heading towards a world that prioritizes convenience? One of the potential concerns is the development of a national identity database where all interactions are monitored.

    Kyle unveiled this technology this week with a presentation inspired by Silicon Valley launches. He mentioned that the app will be launched in June, and the wallet will continue to “securely store government-issued digital documents.” The hope is that this app will integrate with various government services, from paying vehicle tax to managing welfare benefits and interacting with NHS.

    Authorities are using apps and wallets that are highly secure on modern smartphones, incorporating facial recognition checks similar to those used for digital bank card payments. There is no central database of documents stored in the wallet, requiring hackers to access individual mobile phones.

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    A government spokesperson explains: “By using the same technology as securing a digital bank card, even if the mobile phone is stolen, access by the thief is not possible, making the digital driver’s license much more secure than a physical copy.

    “It is evident that digital identity is not only advantageous but also opens up new possibilities, such as maintaining call centers and in-person support for those requiring assistance with digital services.”

    The credentials stored in the wallet should be more challenging to forge than paper documents. Additionally, consolidating numerous essential documents in one place eliminates the risk of losing or damaging physical copies with digital updates and streamlined paperless applications.

    It also enhances privacy in certain scenarios, for example, citizens no longer need to reveal their names and addresses when purchasing age-restricted items like alcohol or fireworks.

    If this system is outdated or misused, the government reserves the right to revoke qualifications as needed. However, if this is done unjustly, citizens can still utilize paper copies.

    Source: www.theguardian.com

    Digital ID cards in Poland: A valuable tool or a barrier to progress in e-Government?

    There has been much talk about the potential for Poland’s economy to surpass that of the UK by 2030, but in some aspects, Poland is already ahead.

    One such area is the digital ID card and driving license created by Poles, allowing them to access various public services through the mobile app mObywatel. Users must verify their identity through e-banking login, a digitally enabled physical ID card, or a special “trusted profile” online upon initial access.

    With 8 million users, the mObywatel app enables Poles to create a digital ID, check demerit points on their driver’s license, review their car history, monitor local air quality, and find their polling place.

    Rafał Sionkowski, a senior government official overseeing the app, emphasized the importance of keeping the core developer team within the public institution to ensure immediate public access to the digitized database.

    As more EU countries develop similar apps in anticipation of the EU’s eIDAS 2.0 regulation on electronic identification, authentication, and trust services, significant progress is expected.

    The regulation, set to be fully implemented by 2026 or 2027, establishes the legal framework for electronic identification systems that can be used across EU borders. Sionkowski noted that digital driving licenses can be presented in Germany and digital IDs in Spain for verification.

    A digital version of your Polish driving license can be stored on your smartphone via an app. Photo: SOPA Images/LightRocket/Getty Images

    Sionkowski mentioned plans to enhance the app with new features like notifying insurance companies of accidents and exploring its potential in verifying age online and assisting vulnerable groups in accessing public services.

    He stressed the importance of focusing on services that people use, highlighting the value added through features like air quality monitors for local readings.

    Privacy lawyer Wojciech Kulikki advocated for adhering to strict privacy principles while adding service features to the app. He cautioned against intrusive features like unauthorized location tracking.

    Citizens could have more control over their data either through open-source app development for independent oversight or by checking data accessed by other government departments.

    Janusz Ciezynski, a former digital minister, noted the smoother rollout of the app in Poland compared to the UK due to the presence of physical ID cards, quelling concerns about privacy infringements.

    Ciezynski expressed enthusiasm for incorporating more public services into a single app, envisioning benefits for disaster-affected areas with quick access to funds through virtual payment cards.

    Source: www.theguardian.com

    FDA Urges Pet Food Companies to Review Safety Plans in Light of Bird Flu Outbreak

    The number of cats increasing that have died or become ill after consuming raw pet food and raw milk contaminated with the H5n1 virus has prompted health authorities to take special precautionary measures to protect pet food companies from bird flu. They are advising pet food makers to follow food safety plans such as sourcing ingredients from healthy flocks and applying heat treatments to inactivate viruses, as suggested in recent guidance from the Food and Drug Administration.

    Since the H5n1 virus started spreading in 2022, there have been bird outbreaks under all conditions. Cats appear to be particularly susceptible to the H5N1 virus, with many household cats and wild cats becoming infected since its emergence in 2022. Some farm cats have fallen ill after consuming raw milk, while others have died after consuming contaminated raw pet food.

    Despite the FDA guidance, some experts like Dr. Jane Cycks from the University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine have raised concerns about the lack of detailed instructions on guaranteeing the absence of H5N1 in food. The FDA has advised pet owners to cook raw pet food to eliminate risks and follow USDA guidelines for safe food handling.

    In response to the situation, some raw pet food companies have implemented safety measures such as sourcing quality ingredients and using processes like high-pressure pasteurization. However, experts emphasize that cooking is the only certain way to eliminate the risk of H5N1 in pet food.

    Overall, both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Veterinary Medical Association recommend against feeding companion animals raw or undercooked meat due to the potential risks associated with pathogens like H5N1.

    While high-pressure pasteurization is advertised as a method to kill pathogens, experts caution that cooking to internal temperature is the most reliable way to ensure food safety. Consumers are advised to cook raw pet food thoroughly before feeding it to their pets to reduce the risk of transmission of bird flu.

    For those who prefer raw pet food brands, experts suggest cooking the food before feeding it to ensure the safety of pets.

    Source: www.nbcnews.com

    Officials from Jewish non-profit organization claim that Iron Mask promotes violence with his “Nazi salute”

    According to a well-known US Jewish civil society, Donald Trump’s repetitive fascist-style salute could potentially incite violence.

    Amy Spitalnick, the highest executive officer of the Jewish Council, a prominent non-profit organization based in New York City, emphasized the problematic nature of Trump’s salute during a recent rally.

    Despite attempts to downplay the incident, Spitalnick firmly believes that the salute carries historical connotations and should not be dismissed lightly.

    She highlighted the significance of the Nazi salute in political discourse and criticized those who fail to understand the gravity of such gestures.

    Spitalnick also pointed out the dangerous implications of Trump’s support for far-right ideologies, urging people to take action against hate speech and extremism.

    While some groups attempted to downplay the incident, Spitalnick and the Jewish Council remained steadfast in their condemnation of Trump’s salute.

    Amy Spitalnick outside the United Nations in New York City on September 22, 2023. Photo: Rob Kim/Getty Image for New York’s protest movement

    Spitalnick expressed disappointment in the lack of accountability from the Trump administration and its tolerance for extremist behavior.

    In light of these events, Spitalnick urged people to remain vigilant and not underestimate the potential harm caused by such actions.

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    She emphasized the importance of holding individuals accountable for their actions, especially those in positions of power like Musk and Trump.

    Source: www.theguardian.com

    The Biggest Lesson from the Mediterranean Diet: Tips for a Longer Life

    The Mediterranean diet has been linked to longevity, especially when following the lifestyle of individuals living near medical care facilities in the 1950s.

    This diet focuses on a high intake of plant-based foods with limited consumption of fish, meat, and dairy products, often enjoyed in the company of others during meals. Physical activity and a vibrant social life are also key components.

    American physiologist Ancel Keys first identified the Mediterranean diet in the 1950s after observing lower rates of heart disease in South Europeans compared to Americans. His research, starting with the Seven Countries Study from 1958 to 1964, explored the relationship between diet, lifestyle, and coronary heart disease across different populations.

    The study revealed that men in countries like Italy and Greece had lower rates of coronary heart disease compared to Finland and the United States, with the Cretans from Greece showing the healthiest outcomes. The emphasis was on the protective effects of high unsaturated fats in these diets.

    Asparagus plate – Credit: 10,000 hours

    In a Spanish study known as PREDIMED (PrevenConconconDIATATERRánea) conducted in 2011, the benefits of a Mediterranean diet in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease were highlighted.

    Further research suggests that this diet can aid in preventing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer due to its rich nutrient content, including antioxidants like omega-3 fatty acids, potassium, and vitamins C and E. While there is debate over the inclusion of red wine in the diet, its polyphenol content may offer protective effects against oxidative stress and inflammation.

    Recent trends in the Mediterranean population show a deviation from traditional diets high in saturated fats and animal proteins towards plant-based proteins, fats, whole grains, and dietary fiber. This shift, along with increased alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyles, and obesity rates, underscores the importance of returning to ancestral dietary patterns.


    This article addresses the question (posed by Len Bird, “Why is the Mediterranean diet beneficial for health?”).

    To submit your question, please email questions@sciencefocus.com or reach out on our Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram pages (don’t forget to include your name and location).

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    Elon Musk unexpectedly attends AfD event in eastern Germany

    Elon Musk surprised many by appearing at an Alternative for Germany (AfD) election campaign event in Halle, eastern Germany, on Saturday. This marked his second public declaration of support for the far-right party in recent weeks.

    During the event, Musk, alongside party co-leader Alice Weidel, addressed an audience of 4,500 people via video link. They spoke about the importance of preserving German culture and protecting the German people.

    “It’s important to take pride in German culture and values, and not let them be diluted by multiculturalism,” Musk stated.

    Just a week prior, Musk sparked controversy at President Donald Trump’s inauguration with a gesture that some interpreted as a Nazi salute.

    Reacting to the criticism, Musk addressed the crowd on Saturday, emphasizing, “Children should not be held accountable for the actions of their ancestors, let alone their great-grandparents.”

    He added, “There’s too much emphasis on past guilt; it’s time to move forward.”

    Musk, known for his concerns about free speech limitations under the German government, has previously criticized Chancellor Olaf Scholz.

    Expressing his support for the far-right, Musk declared to the audience, “I am enthusiastic about the AfD. I believe you are Germany’s best hope for a prosperous future.”

    Weidel thanked Musk, drew parallels between the AfD and the Republican Party’s efforts to “make America great again,” and urged supporters to work towards “making Germany great again.”

    Earlier in the month, Musk interviewed Weidel on X, raising concerns about potential election interference.

    Despite the chilly conditions, anti-far-right activists gathered in large numbers on Saturday. Around 100,000 people assembled near Berlin’s Brandenburg Gate and up to 20,000 in Cologne, some carrying colorful umbrellas, representing diverse age groups.

    Source: www.theguardian.com

    Oldest living recipient of pig organ transplant in Alabama is a woman

    An Alabama woman achieved a significant milestone on Saturday by becoming the longest surviving recipient of a pig organ transplant. After receiving a new kidney, she has been healthy and full of energy for 61 days.

    Twana Rooney, who jokingly referred to herself as a “superwoman,” shared with The Associated Press her excitement about her recovery as she took a long walk through New York City. She expressed that the transplant has given her a fresh perspective on life.

    Rooney’s remarkable progress following the transplant has provided hope in the advancement of animal-to-human organ transplants. While only four other individuals in the United States have received experimental pig organ transplants (including two hearts and two kidneys), none of them survived for over two months.

    Dr. Robert Montgomery of Langone Health, who led Rooney’s transplant, expressed that her kidney function is now “absolutely normal.” The medical team is optimistic about her continued progress, enabling her to eventually return to her home in Gadsden, Alabama.

    There is ongoing research involving genetically modified pigs to create more human-like organs to address the critical shortage of transplantable human organs in the US. With over 100,000 people on the US transplant waiting list, most in need of a kidney, and thousands dying while waiting, pig organ transplants have been implemented as acts of compassion.

    Hospitals conducting these transplants are collaborating to share insights on the outcomes, paving the way for an upcoming formal study. United Therapeutics, the provider of Rooney’s kidney, has recently sought FDA approval to commence a trial.

    Rooney’s experience of donating a kidney to her mother in 1999, subsequent pregnancy complications, and eight years on dialysis led her to explore pig organ transplants. Her journey has been closely monitored by medical professionals, demonstrating the possibility of successful long-term pig organ functionality in humans.

    As an advocate and source of support for those navigating the transplant process, Rooney aims to inspire and educate others through her unique story. While the longevity of her new kidney remains uncertain, her resilience and determination offer hope for the future of organ transplantation.

    Source: www.nbcnews.com

    Only 1 in 100 fathers discover their child is not biologically related

    Fundamental biological reality means that a birth mother can be certain that she is genetically related to her child (aside from the case of surrogacy or egg donor IVF).

    On the other hand, paternity cannot be accurately known without genetic testing. This can lead to false paternity attribution, where a man unknowingly raises a child not genetically related to himself, or fraud regarding paternity if the man is deceived into such a situation.

    In some cases, relationship conflicts may prompt men to have their children undergo genetic testing. Additionally, with the increase in consumer genetic testing for ancestry and health conditions, more men are incidentally testing today.

    According to data from a paternity testing company in the United States in 2004, 28% of fathers were not biologically related to their children.

    However, Australian academic Professor Michael Gilding argued that this data was biased as it only targeted men with doubts about their paternity. He suggested a more realistic figure of about 3%, based on accompanying data from genetic and medical studies.

    It is difficult to accurately measure the proportion of children who are not biologically related to their fathers – Credit: Maskot

    Recent data from a US study published in 2022 found that 7% of users discovered they had paternity inaccuracies.

    Similarly, a genetic sampling study in the Netherlands in 2017 estimated that just under 1% of fathers were unknowingly genetically unrelated to their children. A recent Swedish study with over 2 million families suggested that this number is around 1.7% and decreasing.

    While these recent numbers are lower than earlier claims, they still indicate a significant impact on some men and children.


    This article addresses the question, “How many fathers are unknowingly raising children who are not biologically theirs?” (submitted via email by Dave Shaw).

    To submit your questions, please email questions@sciencefocus.com or contact us via our Facebook, @sciencefocus, or Instagram pages (remember to include your name and location).

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    Source: www.sciencefocus.com

    Paul McCartney warns that AI law revision may deceive artists

    In a recent statement, Sir Paul McCartney cautioned that artificial intelligence could potentially become an artist if copyright laws were to be revised.

    Speaking to the BBC, he expressed concerns that such a proposal might diminish the incentives for writers and artists, ultimately stifling creativity.


    The issue of using copyrighted materials to train AI models is currently a topic of discussion in government talks.

    As a member of the Beatles, McCartney emphasized the importance of copyright protection, stating that anyone could potentially exploit creative works without proper compensation.

    He raised concerns about the financial ramifications of unauthorized use of copyrighted materials for AI training, urging the need for fair compensation for creators.

    While the debate continues within the creative industry over the usage of copyrighted materials, some organizations have entered into licensing agreements with AI companies for model training.

    McCartney has previously voiced apprehensions about the impact of AI on art, co-signing a petition alongside other prominent figures to address concerns about the unauthorized use of creative works for AI training.

    In light of these developments, the government is conducting consultations to address the balance between AI innovation and protecting creators’ rights.

    McCartney urged the government to prioritize the protection of creative thinkers and artists in any legislative updates, emphasizing the need for a fair and equitable system for all parties involved.

    The intersection of AI technology and creative industries remains a complex and evolving space, with stakeholders advocating for clarity and fairness in policy making.

    Source: www.theguardian.com

    Dear runner: It’s Important for Your Health to Take a Break

    Engaging in daily running without adequate rest can be a beneficial but ambitious choice for overall fitness. Running is a great cardiovascular exercise that should not be discouraged, especially when done consistently. Regular physical activity also has significant mental health benefits.

    However, running every day without rest can increase the risk of overuse injuries such as shin splints, tendonitis, and stress fractures. The repetitive stress on the same muscles and joints without proper recovery time can lead to these issues. The knees are particularly susceptible to injury due to the weight-bearing nature of running.

    Credit: TravelCouples

    It is crucial to listen to your body and not ignore persistent pain or discomfort, as it could signal the onset of overuse injuries. Practicing proper running technique, wearing suitable footwear, and gradually increasing mileage can help reduce injury risk. Additionally, incorporating strength training exercises to support muscles around the knees and other joints can enhance stability and protection.

    Experts recommend including rest days in workout routines to allow for muscle recovery and adaptation to running demands. Active rest days, involving low-impact activities like swimming, cycling, or yoga, can benefit streak runners. Taking breaks is essential for healing minor injuries and maintaining physical well-being.


    This article addresses the query (“Is it safe to run every day, should I abandon my running to save my knees?”) posed to Chloe Dickinson via email.

    To submit a question, contact questions@sciencefocus.com or reach out via Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram (include your name and location).

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    Source: www.sciencefocus.com