On Monday, a gunman in midtown Manhattan took four lives before turning the weapon on himself, leaving behind a note that made several references to “CTE,” according to sources involved in the investigation who spoke to NBC News.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a brain condition typically resulting from recurrent head injuries over an extended period.
Officials indicated that the shooter specifically targeted the National Football League headquarters, where the incident occurred.
A report from 2024 highlights that CTE can only be definitively diagnosed post-mortem, yet around one-third of former NFL players believe they may be affected. The NFL acknowledged the connection between CTE and football in 2016.
Former NFL athlete Philip Adams was found to have severe CTE after committing a shooting that resulted in six deaths in South Carolina in 2021 before he ended his own life.
NBC News consulted with Dr. Aaron Lord, chief of neurology at NYU Langone, specializing in brain injuries, about how CTE alters not only brain function but also behavior.
What is chronic traumatic encephalopathy?
Initially identified in boxers and referred to as “punch drunk syndrome,” CTE can lead to neurological issues such as early onset dementia, memory problems, personality changes, and disorders similar to Parkinson’s disease.
CTE can affect individuals who experience repeated head trauma.
“It’s about the cumulative shock waves in the brain,” he explained.
Research is ongoing regarding the correlation between CTE and suicide, as there seems to be an unexpectedly high incidence of CTE among athletes who have taken their own lives.
However, experts have not yet determined “the incidence and prevalence of the disease in both the general population and specific athletic groups,” he noted.
“We’re still in the process of defining this condition,” he added.
How is CTE diagnosed?
CTE cannot be diagnosed without an autopsy, as there are no established criteria for its diagnosis. Hence, it remains challenging to identify, according to Dr. Lord. An autopsy must reveal tissue degeneration with abnormal aggregations of specific proteins around the brain’s blood vessels.
Patients and their physicians may suspect CTE when significant mood and behavior alterations occur, especially following known head impacts and their severity.
Dr. Lord mentioned that an MRI of the brain may show changes consistent with the disease, but this alone is insufficient for a diagnosis.
The symptoms of CTE may overlap with various mental health disorders, including major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, he noted.
Dr. Lord has also observed connections between CTE and behaviors such as increased aggression and impulsivity, along with other personality alterations.
While CTE is frequently observed in older individuals, possibly due to years of repeated trauma, even a single head injury can lead to brain damage, even without resulting in CTE.
“Even someone who has experienced a single car accident resulting in a frontal lobe injury may undergo permanent changes in personality, impulse control, and psychiatric states,” he concluded.
Is there a treatment for CTE?
Currently, there is no direct treatment for CTE, but Dr. Lord points out that psychiatric medications can assist in managing behavioral issues and other associated symptoms.
Not every individual who experiences a concussion develops CTE; according to the Mayo Clinic. Prevention remains key; employing seat belts or helmets to avoid head injuries can reduce the risks associated with CTE and other brain-related complications, according to Dr. Lord.
Wait a second, Is the cat video really 131 years old? Clearly, you haven’t seen Boxing Cats, a 20-second clip featuring two cats in boxing gloves fighting in tiny rings. Created in 1894 by Thomas Edison’s studio, it is preserved at the Library of Congress.
So you’re suggesting that humanity has not progressed Significantly in nearly a century and a half? No, I assert that there’s something vital about the charm of cat videos and their concurrent evolution.
But also … Indeed, humans have always had a knack for simple pleasures.
Now that we’ve established this, why are we discussing them today? Ah, because CatVideofest 2025 is on the horizon.
What is CatVideofest? Keep your finger on the pulse. Since 2016, Will Braden has meticulously curated online videos and public submissions into CatVideofest.
Seriously, is this a thing? Not only is it a thing, but it’s also a massive hit. The 2021 edition grossed $94,000 at the box office, while last year surpassed $1 million. If the trend continues, CatVideofest 2036 could become the most successful film ever.
So is there any merit? Sort of. Anyone who took children to CatVideofest 2024 will remember the relentless wave of cat videos that kicked off with an extraordinary 20-minute segment.
What about the toilet cat video? Ah, a classic of the genre. I didn’t realize I was discussing this with enthusiasts.
Of course. When I miss the 2011 classic, the day just barely goes by without “Cats walking on two legs 2.” Yes, what’s my favorite part…are we actually linking to cat videos now? I thought this was a serious discussion.
No, this is a discussion about how cinemas are learning to adjust to fresh audiences during widespread industry contraction. Very insightful. Almost as clever as a cat opening the door for its owner who forgot their key.
What does this reveal about us as a society? Well, the world is chaotic. Let’s unwind with some cat videos.
Russian ambush drone with solar panels uncovered in Ukraine
Serhii Beskrestnov
The small racing quadcopter, known as first-person view drones or FPVs, has emerged as the primary weapon in the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine. Some of these drones are equipped with solar cells, enabling them to lie in wait for extended periods to ambush targets and act as a new kind of land mine.
“Drones can position themselves near roads and chokepoints, and when a target appears, they can rapidly accelerate toward it,” says Robert Bunker, a consultant with the US firm C/O Futures.
Drone ambush tactics have already become standard strategy for both Russian and Ukrainian forces, with devices hidden alongside roads and buildings waiting for targets. However, even if the engine is off, the camera and radio communications drain the drone’s battery, reducing their wait time to just a few hours.
Currently, Russian FPV ambush drones have been spotted utilizing solar panels for charging. While these panels can’t power the drones during flight, they can recharge other devices. Ukrainian drone warfare expert Serhii “Flash” Beskrestnov has shared images of this solar setup on his Telegram channel, highlighting these advancements.
Sold as camping equipment for approximately $50, these panels efficiently charge phones and other portable devices. Enthusiasts online have already posted guides on modifying drones to include solar cells.
“The initial generation of solar technology may be bulky, but it serves as a useful proof of concept,” Bunker remarks.
A 5-watt solar charger weighs several hundred grams and provides power to the drone while on the ground. Future models are expected to be sleeker and more efficient.
“The drone could feature a solar roll that unfolds after landing, creating a charging surface. You could then disconnect it when entering combat mode,” Bunker notes. “Future iterations will likely include improvements we haven’t yet considered.”
With solar assistance, drones can lie in wait for their targets as long as the sun is shining, recharging their systems at dawn for continuous operation. The solar cells can also gradually recharge the drone’s batteries for over a day, enabling a cycle of flying, landing, recharging, and flying again.
Both Russia and Ukraine have developed drones with artificial intelligence that can identify and engage targets autonomously. When combined with solar energy, these drones can saturate the battlefield with lethal units, autonomously navigating to find and track targets.
“It’s an evolution of the point land mine,” says Bunker.
Unlike traditional minefields, the network of solar-powered drones can self-repair, filling gaps where drones have been used or destroyed. Alternatively, this field might slowly advance towards enemy positions over several days through successive charging cycles.
Today’s solar drones are often experimental prototypes, with only a limited number currently deployed. However, the widespread availability of components suggests that these designs could proliferate rapidly, much like other small drones. With their affordability and ease of assembly, ambush drones may soon become commonplace.
Taxi operators competing with Uber are now exempt from paying 20% VAT on their earnings outside London, following a ruling from the UK Supreme Court in a long-running case.
The court determined that the private employer would not establish a contract with passengers, thereby rejecting Uber’s appeal. This decision was celebrated by the private employer as a “sector victory” after three years of legal challenges.
Uber initiated legal action after a 2021 Supreme Court ruling declared that the driver was classified as a worker.
The company sought a declaration asserting that a privately employed taxi operator had entered into a contract with passengers, a claim supported by the London High Court in 2023.
Initially, that decision required operators to pay a 20% VAT, but the Court of Appeals overturned this after Delta Taxi and Veezu challenged it last July.
Uber brought the issue to the Supreme Court, which unanimously dismissed the case involving the US company on Tuesday.
Nia Cooper, Chief Legal Officer at Veezu, remarked: “This ruling is a triumph for the UK’s private employment sector. The unanimous decision concludes a three-year legal struggle and affirms that operators can select the business models they wish to adopt.”
She added that the outcome would shield passengers from potential fare hikes and lessen the pressure on licensing authorities. “Uber aimed for a declaration that a 20% VAT would be imposed on all PHV fares,” she stated.
“This ruling also illustrates that UK-based companies can stand firm against global conglomerates that attempt to sway the sector through litigation to suit their business frameworks.”
An Uber representative replied, “The Supreme Court’s ruling confirms that different contractual protections apply to individuals booking rides in London compared to the rest of England and Wales. This ruling does not affect Uber’s VAT, which has been upheld in two previous court decisions.”
In a related matter this year, Estonian mobility and delivery startup Volt successfully contested a claim by the UK tax authorities, HMRC, regarding a 20% VAT obligation.
HMRC has since been granted permission by the Court of Appeal to appeal a ruling stating that Bolt is only accountable for VAT on the margin, not on the full fare of the trip.
Experience Ultimate Flexibility with Jarvis Standing Desk
Herman Miller’s Fully Jarvis Standing Desk – Photo Credit: Herman Miller
Sitting too long can lead to serious health issues, including early onset diabetes and potential longevity concerns, according to NHS data.
While regular breaks can help, I prefer not to take any chances.
There are various standing desk options available, from risers to full-sized desks, but I appreciate the sleek design and eco-friendliness of the Fully Jarvis bamboo standing desk.
It offers programmable height options, organized cable management, and operates quietly.
Recent studies suggest that standing can enhance focus and productivity.
ASUS ProART Display PA279CRV Computer Monitor – Photo Credit: ASUS
If you don’t have an AI assistant yet, are you truly working efficiently? While I’m still skeptical about AI-generated writing, I find it incredibly useful for tasks such as data organization and automated coding.
That’s why my next desk upgrade will likely include an additional monitor.
This ProArt model is affordable and performs exceptionally well, making it a fantastic first monitor for creative professionals. The display is sharp, bright, and color accurate.
Featuring a 27-inch (69cm) screen and versatile connectivity options, it’s also ergonomically designed for easy rotation into portrait mode, making it an ideal companion for digital assistants.
Hexcal Studio Monitor Stand – Image Credit: Hexcal
Most monitors and their standard stands fail to align with eye level, which can lead to neck strain and lower back pain.
While monitor arms are an option, they can be cumbersome to install. A desktop shelf that elevates your monitor to a comfortable height not only alleviates strain but also provides additional desk space.
This premium monitor stand serves a dual purpose as cable management and a docking station, offering extra USB ports for your workstation.
With adjustable feet and wireless charging capabilities, it even includes eight power sockets on the back for streamlined connectivity.
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In the picturesque fields of Hobbiton, it finally started to dawn on me why two generations of Bagginses felt compelled to embark on perilous adventures. Indeed, the Shire offers a small slice of comfort, with an abundance of unique food in the valleys and many friendly faces to greet you. However, as the initial charm starts to fade, this seemingly blissful haven reveals itself to be quite mundane.
“Tales of the Shire” is set in the Third Age of Middle-earth, a few years before the events of “The Lord of the Rings.” Therefore, there are no Nazgûls or Uruk-hai here. Instead, the “action” is centered in charming towns where the most urgent matter is the local governance. In this game, you play as a newcomer from the nearby Burie settlement, striving to elevate the town’s status to an official village by developing infrastructure and building friendships with locals, one quirky task and homemade meal at a time.
Fluffy comfort… a story of the Shire. Photo: Private Division
This high-fantasy life simulator, naturally, is equipped with numerous Tallkienia tools. I discover three tidying stones on the hillside and stroll through the cozy Green Dragon Inn. Moreover, you’ll encounter plenty of familiar names—from the likes of Tuck to Cotton and Brandybuck. The rich art style brings these iconic environments and characters to life, dressing the world in appropriate charm. While the map may not be vast, it feels alive, adorned with swaying lanterns and roaming wildlife.
As a budding hobbit, your primary objective is to cultivate every facet of your daily life influenced by this essential activity. In the wild, you’ll find a bounty of vegetables, nuts, and fruits. The river boasts numerous fishing spots, securing you a satisfying catch. You can also visit artisan shops with food stalls offering seasonal saplings and special items like flour. With a timer ticking daily, the main challenge lies in how efficiently you can collect and manage your resources before night falls.
There are many fishing spots… The Shire of the Story
It’s a familiar routine for anyone who has dabbled in rural life simulators like Stardew Valley or Harvest Moon. Yet here, the rhythmic cycle of button clicks and minor tasks functions more as comforting mental signals than as any real challenge.
If you can tolerate the repetitiveness and engage with the relationships formed, the game will gradually reveal its depth, offering a satisfying skill progression. Gathering materials is just part of the experience; you’ll also need to prepare them into delightful meals for breakfast, second breakfast, elevenses, and beyond. A mix of “Cooking Mama” and “The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild,” “Tales of the Shire” requires you to balance flavors and textures to create the perfect dish. You can chop, mix, and fry ingredients while keeping an eye on the flavor compass at the corner of the screen. Ultimately, by serving the right dishes to the right people, your kitchen will expand, unlocking further opportunities for culinary mastery.
However, beyond its somewhat familiar mechanics, the central question of “Tales of the Shire” lies in its naïveté and tranquility. When interpersonal conflicts arise among your new friends, they are usually resolved quickly and amicably. Much of your time is spent attending to the minor grievances of the halflings.
Not all cozy games need to delve into heavy emotions, but it feels somewhat lacking, especially when juxtaposed with the dry humor, tragedy, and intricate social dynamics that make Tolkien’s writing so impactful. Without the emotional stakes to tug at your heartstrings, “Tales of the Shire” risks becoming a series of never-ending fetch quests. Dedicated Tolkien fans and die-hard Stardew Valley enthusiasts might find themselves seeking a cozier thrill elsewhere.
In the last two weeks, countless “adults only” and “not safe for work” games have been removed from Steam and itch.io—two leading platforms for PC game distribution—as they scramble to adhere to stricter regulations set by payment processors like MasterCard, Visa, and PayPal.
These regulations came about following a campaign known as A Collective Cry, which pressured payment processors to cease facilitating transactions for platforms hosting content that features “games related to rape, incest, and child sexual abuse.” However, the scope of these new rules extends far beyond those issues, affecting even award-winning titles.
How did this begin?
On July 16th, Valve, the developer behind Steam, revised its Rules and Guidelines for game distribution. Existing prohibitions against “nude or sexually explicit images of real people” and “adult content that is not labeled or age-gated” were expanded to include “content that may violate the rules and standards laid out by certain types of adult content.”
In a statement to PC gamers on July 18th, Valve acknowledged that several games have been “retired” from the Steam store due to these new regulations. However, they did not specify which games were removed or define what types of “adult content” are deemed unacceptable.
A week later, itch.io issued a statement indicating it was also being “scrutinized” by payment processors. Consequently, all games tagged as “NSFW” were “deleted” (removed from search results) following a “comprehensive audit of content to comply with payment processor requirements.” Unlike Valve, itch.io explicitly mentioned the collective cry as the impetus behind the increased scrutiny.
What is A Collective Cry?
Collective Shout is an Australian group describing itself as “a grassroots campaign against the objectification of women and the sexualization of girls.”
In April, they achieved a major victory by having the game No Mercy—featuring themes of “incest,” “coerced sexual acts,” and “inevitably non-consensual gender”—removed from both Steam and itch.io. Following this, the group released an open letter stating, “We have identified hundreds of additional games on Steam and itch.io that involve themes of rape, incest, and child sexual abuse,” demanding companies to “demonstrate corporate social responsibility” by ceasing payment processing for those platforms.
After Steam updated its rules, A Collective Cry requested credits for the changes, stating that over 1,000 supporters contacted their payment processors to “stop financing these games.”
What is the role of payment processors?
Like many online retailers, both Steam and itch.io depend on payment processors to facilitate transactions. As such, these processors wield significant influence, impacting what products can be sold, published, or purchased, regardless of their legality.
In recent years, payment processors have tightened rules regarding transactions linked to adult content. In 2021, several subscription-based adult content platforms considered banning such materials following pressure from payment processors but ultimately reversed that decision. Later that same year, MasterCard initiated a new policy governing adult content retailers. The American Civil Liberties Union has pointed out that these measures can restrict free speech and be detrimental to sex workers, contributing to financial censorship.
The award-winning game Consume Me has been affected by these policies. Photo: 66
Which games have been impacted?
It’s unclear how many games have been “retired” from Steam as a result of these new regulations, but several titles featuring incest themes have been deleted. As previously mentioned, itch.io has also removed most games labeled as NSFW. According to the Games Industry Newsletter Game Files, since July 16th, over 20,000 games have been removed from itch.io’s NSFW category.
Among those affected are games that explore unique themes of identity and sexuality, such as Radiator 2, created by Robert Yang, a former faculty member at New York University’s arcade center. The rules have also impacted games that do not feature sexual content at all, including The Last Call, an award-winning narrative about domestic violence survival created by Nina Freeman, and Consume Me, which has received numerous industry accolades for its approach to intricate topics.
How has the gaming industry reacted?
Many developers have criticized the power that payment processors hold over the market, particularly how their influence is amplified through campaign groups like A Collective Cry. In a post on Bluesky, Yang labeled the collective cry and payment processors’ actions as “a cultural war against sexual expression, particularly affecting LGBTQ individuals,” but noted that it is entirely unacceptable for payment processors to engage in selective censorship that systematically marginalizes adult content creators.
On July 17, a petition was launched on change.org, urging payment processors and activist groups to “refrain from controlling what we can watch, read, or play.” The petition argues that “MasterCard and Visa hinder legal entertainment” and calls for “the right to select our own narratives without moral surveillance.” Over 150,000 signatures have been gathered so far, as gamers and developers share contact information for major payment companies to encourage complaints.
What comes next?
It’s difficult to predict the future. Ongoing consumer pressure could prompt payment processors to reconsider their stance, but it may also challenge anti-censorship advocates to gain political backing amidst shifting legislative attitudes toward online adult content. The UK recently implemented stricter regulations regarding age verification for internet users seeking access to adult material, while the EU has proposed draft guidelines for similar measures.
Thus, new rules may be here to stay on Steam and itch.io for now. However, the resulting fallout has illuminated the influence of payment processors and the ambiguity surrounding the regulations. Such uncertainty may compel companies to tread more carefully in responding to pressure from future advocacy groups.
Emerging from the darkness, slimy nails break through the murky barrier, reaching towards the light. Thunder rumbles as the ground cracks.
This is not a scene from a horror film featuring the undead rising from their graves. Rather, it showcases one of nature’s most endearing spectacles, Parent-child relationship: a forthcoming BBC series exploring the struggles of nurturing the next generation of wildlife, specifically the hatching of the magnificent Amazon River Turtle in Guapoi, South Brazil.
According to Sir David Attenborough’s narration, the tiny turtles await the perfect conditions to break free. When rain falls, it softens the sand enough for them to dig their way out. If there’s insufficient rain, the layer of sand above becomes too baked in the sun. They are numerous, making their survival seem effortless.
“There’s always that anxiety. You never know how it will turn out,” says series producer Elizabeth Orcham to BBC Science Focus. “As we sit with the crew, we hope everything works. The moment it rains or doesn’t rain, the tension rises. Is it too much rain?”
The rain arrived early during the filming, but the turtles managed to emerge just in time. “Seeing most of the turtles succeed and not lose too many is really comforting. It’s just wonderful.”
Despite the challenges posed by the weather, two million turtles hatched successfully, overcoming what seemed like insurmountable odds.
“Sometimes, it’s a wonder how they survive. It’s fascinating to see just how clumsy they can be,” she notes.
This clumsiness, however, is part of a finely tuned process. Scientists have been investigating communication among these turtles for over a decade. A 2014 study found that mothers likely communicate with their hatchlings to guide them into the water. According to Oakham, this is the only turtle species known to exhibit parental care post-hatching.
The female giant Amazon River turtle (Podocnemis Exagna), also known as the Arrau turtle, grows to a remarkable 76cm (30 inches) in shell length and weighs up to 91kg (200 pounds), while the male measures at 48cm (19 inches). The hatchlings are merely 5cm (2 inches) long. – Photo credit: Getty
“We were thrilled to showcase this new research on turtle communication,” Oakham explains. The filmmakers even accessed the nest to record the hatchlings’ emergence.
Childcare challenges
Climate change poses the greatest threat to the otherwise stable lifecycle of the giant Amazon River turtle.
“Warmer air due to climate change retains more moisture, leading to two outcomes,” she elaborates. “Firstly, it makes the environment drier, but when it finally rains, the moisture simply drips off.”
Severe floods that once occurred every 20 years have now happened twice in the last five years, jeopardizing the hatching process during critical seasons.
Before hatching, the turtles must absorb some of their yolk sac. If they haven’t done so before floods arrive, they will not survive. Thus, when mother turtles lay eggs, they risk a significant gamble regarding the weather – a gamble that is increasingly hard to predict.
They typically lay their eggs two to three months before the rainy season, allowing the sand to solidify and form a protective layer. At this time, the mothers leave the river for the sandbanks, coinciding with the largest congregation of freshwater turtles on the planet, and one of the few instances the species ventures onto land.
“Water can be life-sustaining but also perilous,” Oakham states. “With climate change, this duality has become even more pronounced, making the environment more unpredictable for these parents. Navigating this uncertainty while caring for their young is a delicate balance.”
This episode is the fourth in a five-part series on parental life in freshwater habitats, Parent-child relationship. All five episodes will be available on BBC iPlayer from August 3, 2025.
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About our experts
Elizabeth Orcum is a producer and director with a deep commitment to environmental storytelling and natural history. She is widely recognized for her work on the fifth episode of Green Planet, titled “The Human World,” which delivers a compelling narrative on the interconnectedness of plants and humans. She is now eager to share the stories of animal parents worldwide through the BBC series Parent-child relationship.
The Australian government is rapidly identifying which social media platforms will face restrictions for users under 16.
Social Services Minister Tanya Plibersek stated on Monday that the government “will not be intimidated by the actions of social media giants.” Nevertheless, tech companies are vigorously advocating for exemptions from the law set to take effect in December.
Here’s what social media companies are doing to support their case:
The parent company of Facebook and Instagram has introduced new Instagram teen account settings to signal their commitment to teenage safety on the platform.
Recently, Meta revealed New protections, which aim to enhance direct message security by automatically censoring nude images and implementing blocking features.
Additionally, Meta hosted a “Screen Smart” safety event in Sydney targeted at “Parent Creators,” led by Sarah Harris.
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YouTube
YouTube’s approach is even more assertive. Last year, Communications Minister Michelle Roland suggested the platform would be exempt from social media restrictions.
However, last month, the Esafety Commissioner advised the government to reconsider this exemption, citing research indicating that children often encounter harmful materials on YouTube.
Since then, the company has escalated its lobbying efforts, including full-page advertisements claiming YouTube can be used by “everyone,” alongside a letter sent to Communications Minister Anica Wells warning of a potential high court challenge if YouTube is subjected to the ban.
YouTube advertisement campaign opposing social media restrictions set to commence in December. Photo: Michael Karendiane/Guardian
As reported by Guardian Australia last month, Google is hosting its annual showcase this week at the Capitol on Wednesday. There, content creators, including child musicians, who oppose the YouTube ban will likely express their views to politicians.
Last year’s event featured the Wiggles, who met with Roland. This meeting was mentioned in a letter sent to Rowland last year when YouTube’s global CEO Neal Mohan requested the exemption within 48 hours of the promised relief.
Guardian Australia reported last week that YouTube met with Wells this month for an in-person discussion regarding the ban.
TikTok
Screenshots from TikTok’s advertisements highlighting its benefits for teenagers. Photo: TikTok
This month, TikTok is running ads on its platform as well as on Meta channels, promoting educational benefits for teens on vertical video platforms.
“The 1.7m #fishtok video encourages outdoor activities in exchange for screen time,” the advertisement states, acknowledging the government’s assertion that the ban would promote time spent outside. “They are developing culinary skills through cooking videos that have garnered over 13m views,” it continues.
“A third of users visit the STEM feed weekly to foster learning,” another ad claims.
Snapchat
Screenshot of Snapchat’s educational video about signs of grooming featuring Lambros army. Photo: Snapchat
Snapchat emphasizes user safety. In May, Guardian Australia reported on an instance involving an 11-year-old girl who added random users as part of a competition with her friend for high scores on the app.
This month, Snapchat announced a partnership with the Australian Federal Police-led Australian Centre to address child exploitation through a series of educational videos shared by various Australian influencers, along with advertisements advising parents and teens on identifying grooming and sextortion.
“Ensuring safety within the Snapchat community has always been our top priority, and collaborating closely with law enforcement and safety experts is crucial to that effort,” stated Ryan Ferguson, Australia’s Managing Director at Snap.
The platform has also reiterated account settings for users aged 13-17, including default private accounts and chat warnings when communicating with individuals who lack shared friends or are absent from contact lists.
“It is undeniable that young people’s mental health has been adversely affected due to social media engagement, prompting the government’s actions,” Prime Minister Anthony Albanese told ABC insiders on Sunday.
“I will meet again with individuals who have faced tragedy this week… one concern expressed by some social media companies is our leadership on this matter, and we take pride in effectively confronting these threats.”
From shimmering sapphire waterfalls to rain made of lava, these distant planets redefine the boundaries of possibility. Discover ten exoplanets that are overturning the Cosmic Rulebook.
Surgical Scratches No More
While still in the womb, we all have the ability to heal without scars… yet we’ve never experienced birth. Outside the uterus, healing comes at the cost of scars, which serve as painful reminders of past injuries. Currently, researchers are exploring methods for achieving scar-free healing.
Ancestral Journeys
Our forebears encountered and mingled with more diverse groups than previously thought during their migrations from Africa. As Homo sapiens spread across the globe, they explored more broadly than earlier estimates indicated. Recent findings are painting a richer, more complex picture of our early human history.
Hearing Loss and Dementia
Research is increasingly highlighting potential connections between hearing loss and dementia. Addressing hearing loss can bring significant advantages, delving into how it influences the risk of dementia development.
Additionally
Gene-Edited Foods: GMO pork has been approved in the U.S. Here’s what you need to understand.
Strategies for Longevity: From intermittent fasting to low-protein diets, emerging research is shedding light on dietary restrictions as pivotal to a longer life.
Q&A: Your questions answered! This month: Why do dogs enjoy playing with trash? Should I try a banana facial? How much of our lives do we spend blinking? What will the future of space exploration look like? Can anything on Earth endure conditions like those on Mars? What’s the most unusual satellite in the universe? How do you determine when to move on from past aspirations? Why is there an increase in ADHD diagnoses among women nearing menopause? And more…
Issue 422 Launching Tuesday, July 29th, 2025
Don’t forget that BBC Science Focus is also available on all major digital platforms. You can find it on Android, Kindle Fire and Kindle e-readers, as well as on the iOS App for iPad and iPhone.
A report published on Tuesday by German multinationals revealed that weather-related disasters in the first half of this year caused $93 billion in damages within the United States.insurancecompany.
An analysis from Munich RE, the largest reinsurer in the world, indicated that over 70% of the global damages from this year’s weather disasters occurred in the United States, leading to a burden of $22 billion on uninsured Americans and their local governments.
The report underscores the increasing economic impact of wildfires, severe storms, and other extreme weather events both in the US and globally. It also highlights the escalating insurance crisis in nations frequently afflicted by such disasters.
“Approximately 90% of all industry losses were observed, with $72 billion out of $80 billion occurring in the US,” stated Tobias Grimm, chief climate scientist at Munich RE. “That is remarkable.”
The catastrophic wildfires in Southern California in January ranked as the most expensive disaster in the country during the first half of 2025. The two major fires, responsible for at least 30 fatalities and displacing thousands, swept through the Pacific Ocean’s Pallisad and Altadena neighborhoods.
Munich RE estimated the wildfire losses at $53 billion, including costs affecting uninsured residents. The reinsurer noted that these flames in the Los Angeles area resulted in “the highest wildfire loss ever recorded.”
The significant economic and social impacts of wildfires can be partly attributed to the increasing development in fire-prone areas.
“In many instances, losses are growing due to property developments causing damage,” Grimm explained. “People continue to reside in high-risk zones.”
Urbanization in disaster-prone areas can similarly escalate the costs associated with other weather-related events, like hurricanes and floods, which are becoming more frequent and severe due to climate change.
Research indicates that climate change is becoming increasingly frequent as temperatures rise and drought conditions worsen. Consequently, the intensity of wildfires is also increasing.
A report by the World Weather Attributes Group issued in late January found that high temperatures, along with dry and windy conditions conducive to fire spread in Southern California, could be approximately 35% more likely due to human-induced global warming.
Recent findings reveal that walking briskly for just 15 minutes daily can significantly lower the risk of premature death, particularly among low-income and Black populations. A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine supports this claim.
Researchers analyzed data from nearly 80,000 participants, discovering that active walking was linked to a 20% decrease in overall mortality rates.
This reduction is especially pronounced for deaths related to cardiovascular issues, demonstrating the distinct advantages of maintaining an active pace, independent of other physical activities.
“While the health benefits of daily walking are well-documented, there has been limited research on how variables like walking speed influence mortality, particularly in low-income and Black/African-American communities,” noted Chief InvestigatorDr. Wei Zheng from Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
“Our study indicates that a brisk 15-minute walk correlates with nearly a 20% reduction in total mortality.”
In comparison, slower walking for over three hours a day is associated with only a modest 4% decline in mortality, indicating that intensity matters.
The participants, primarily low-income and Black individuals across 12 states in the southeastern U.S., reported their average daily “slow” and “fast” walking. Their health outcomes were monitored over a median follow-up period of 16.7 years.
This study suggests that walking enhances cardiovascular efficiency and mitigates risk factors like weight. – Credit: Getty
The advantages of brisk walking persisted even after controlling for other lifestyle factors such as diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
Fast walking confers numerous cardiovascular benefits, including improved cardiac function and a reduction in risk factors like obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.
The researchers emphasized that this activity is low-cost and low-impact, making it accessible to individuals at all fitness levels and an effective intervention in communities with limited healthcare and recreational resources.
To raise awareness, Dr. Lili Liu from the Public Health Campaign and Community Programme stated, “We highlighted the significance and accessibility of brisk walking to enhance health outcomes, and the need to provide resources and support that facilitate easier and faster walking.”
“Individuals should aim to incorporate more intense physical activities into their daily routines,” he added.
The Hubble team has unveiled a breathtaking new image captured by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, showcasing the Facon Spiral Galaxy NGC 1309.
Hubble’s image reveals NGC 1309, a spiral galaxy situated about 100 million light years away in the Eridanus constellation. This color representation is a result of observations from Hubble’s Advanced Camera (ACS) and Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), utilizing multiple filters to explore ultraviolet, infrared, and optical wavelengths. Each color corresponds to a specific filter’s monochromatic image. Image credits: NASA/ESA/Hubble/L. Galbany/S. Jha/K. Noll/A. Riess.
NGC 1309 is located about 100 million light years away in the constellation Eridanus.
Commonly referred to as IRAS03197-1534, LEDA 12626, or TC 470, this galaxy has a diameter of 75,000 light years.
NGC 1309 was first discovered on October 3, 1785, by the German-British astronomer William Herschel.
The galaxy is the brightest member of the NGC 1309 group, which also includes MCG -03-09-027 and UGCA 71.
“The mesmerizing Hubble images capture the bluish tones of NGC 1309, alongside dark brown gas clouds and shimmering white centers, interspersed with hundreds of remote background galaxies,” remarked Hubble astronomers.
“Almost every dot, stripe, and cluster of light in this image represents an individual galaxy.”
“The sole exception in this vast extragalactic scenery is a star, identifiable near the top of the frame due to its distinctive diffraction spikes.”
“This star is relatively nearby, merely thousands of light years away within our Milky Way galaxy.”
Significant scientific interest in NGC 1309 arises from two supernovae. SN 2002fk and SN 2012Z, which occurred in 2002 and 2012, respectively.
“The SN 2002fk exemplified the type Ia supernova, occurring when a white dwarf’s core explodes,” the astronomer explained.
“Conversely, SN 2012Z displayed a more unique behavior, classified as a type IAX supernova. Its spectrum resembled that of a type Ia supernova, yet its brightness was unexpectedly dim.”
“Hubble’s observations revealed that the explosion did not fully annihilate the white dwarf, resulting in a ‘zombie star’ that shone even more brightly than before the supernova event.”
“Hubble’s extensive observations of NGC 1309 over several years enabled the identification of supernova progenitor cells within images taken prior to the explosion.”
A recent analysis utilizing data from the UK Biobank revealed that vitamin D deficiency is linked to a higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization, though there is only a weak association with the risk of infection.
Monroy-Iglesias et al. The nested case-control study was based on individuals with serum vitamin D level measurements in Baseline (2006-2010) within the Biobank Cohort, documenting COVID-19 PCR results and prior cancer diagnoses.
The widespread impact of COVID-19 on healthcare services has sparked considerable research interest aimed at understanding the potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease.
At the onset of the pandemic, numerous studies were conducted to examine various risk factors influencing rates of COVID-19 infection, severity, and mortality.
Factors that have consistently emerged include age, male sex, smoking status, obesity, specific ethnic backgrounds, and immune system compromise, which all contribute to severe disease and a heightened likelihood of mortality.
Vitamin D is essential for regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.
Deficiency in vitamin D has been linked to a higher susceptibility to respiratory infections and is considered a risk factor for the development of severe, persistent inflammation, which may precede acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Consequently, several investigations have focused on the correlation between vitamin D levels and the risk of COVID-19 from the beginning of the pandemic.
Emerging evidence suggests a connection between vitamin D deficiency and both the likelihood of COVID-19 infection and the severity of the disease.
“Our goal was to utilize UK Biobank data to explore the relationship between vitamin D levels and the risks of both COVID-19 infection and hospitalization,” stated Dr. Maria Monroy Iglesias of King’s College London.
“We also assessed these associations across the general population, a subset of cancer patients, and examined potential differences related to ethnicity.”
The authors analyzed data from over 150,000 participants in the UK Biobank to ascertain whether the risk of COVID-19 was elevated among those with vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/L in blood) and vitamin D insufficiency (25-49 nmol/L).
Additionally, they compared hospitalization risks due to COVID-19 across these three groups.
“These findings can help identify at-risk individuals and inform future public health guidance,” noted Dr. Kerri Beckmann, a researcher with the University of South Australia.
“Given vitamin D’s important role in immune regulation, it is possible that low levels may influence responses to infections like COVID-19.”
“Our study indicated that individuals with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency had a higher likelihood of being hospitalized due to COVID-19 compared to those with adequate vitamin D levels; however, they were not necessarily more prone to contracting the virus in the first place.”
The research team also explored the association between vitamin D and COVID-19 outcomes among cancer patients across different ethnic backgrounds.
It was found that individuals of Asian or African/Afro-Caribbean descent had a marginally increased risk of infection at lower vitamin D levels, while the link between vitamin D and severe illness was predominantly observed in individuals of white backgrounds.
Although no significant correlation was detected between vitamin D levels and COVID-19 outcomes among individuals previously diagnosed with cancer, researchers cautioned that this may stem from smaller sample sizes.
“While the overall risk of COVID-19 has diminished over time, the virus continues to pose a public health challenge,” Dr. Beckmann remarked.
“COVID-19 may not be the threat it once was, but it continues to impact individuals’ well-being.”
“Understanding which populations are most vulnerable enables those individuals to take necessary precautions, such as keeping track of their vitamin D levels.”
“Individuals already in poor health may naturally have lower levels of vitamin D.”
“As such, it’s still unclear whether vitamin D supplementation can mitigate the severity of COVID-19.
“This remains a topic worthy of further investigation, especially as we adapt to living with the virus.”
Survey results will be published online in the journal PLOS 1.
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MJ Monroy-Iglesias et al. 2025. The effects of vitamin D on COVID-19 risks and hospitalizations in the UK Biobank. PLOS 1 20(7): E0328232; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0328232
Paleontologists have uncovered footprints that are 76 million years old, belonging to a dominant group of Ceratopsian dinosaurs, in Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada. This remarkable finding is the first indication of herd behavior among mixed dinosaur species, reminiscent of how modern wildebeests and zebras flock together on the African savannas.
Salatopsian herd (Styracosaurus albertensis) accompanied by ankylosaurus (Euplocephalus tutus) walking through old river channels under the watchful eyes of two Tyrannosaurus (Golgosaurus libratus). Image credit: Julius Csotonyi.
Dinosaur Provincial Park, located in southern Alberta, Canada, is one of the premier regions in the world for studying late Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems.
The park yields hundreds of dinosaur skeletal remains and a vast array of bones and teeth, making it a prime location for exploring dinosaur evolution, behavior, biological introduction, and paleoecology.
Despite the wealth of skeletal remains, dinosaur footprints and trackways are surprisingly uncommon.
“In 2024, we discovered a new track site, a skyline track site containing ‘typical’ natural mold tracks that had not been identified in the park before,” stated Dr. Phil Bell and his colleagues at the University of New England.
At this site, paleontologists uncovered 13 Seratopsia (horned dinosaurs) tracks, showing at least five animals walking side by side, along with an ankylosaurus (armored dinosaur) that might have been walking among them.
They were also intrigued to find two large Tyrannosaurus tracks alongside the group. Additionally, a footprint from a smaller meat-eating dinosaur was also discovered.
View of the Skyline Track Site immediately after its discovery (a) and during excavation (b). Image credits: Bell et al., doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324913.
“I have been collecting dinosaur bones in Dinosaur Provincial Park for nearly two decades, but I had never given much thought to footprints,” remarked Dr. Bell.
“The edge of this rock had a mud-like appearance that caught between my toes, which immediately intrigued me.”
“The Tyrannosaurus tracks give the impression that they are truly observing the herd.”
“It was thrilling to see them walking in the footprints of dinosaurs 76 million years after they went extinct,” said Dr. Brian Pickles from Reading College.
“Using innovative search techniques, we were able to locate several additional track sites throughout the park’s diverse terrain. We will provide further details on how these captivating creatures interacted and behaved in their ecosystems.”
“This discovery highlights the vast amount left to uncover in dinosaur paleontology,” noted Dr. Caleb Brown, PhD, from the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology.
“Dinosaur Park boasts one of the world’s most comprehensive dinosaur collections and studies, with over a century of dedicated research. Only now are we beginning to fully explore the potential of dinosaur trackways.”
The findings are published in a paper in the journal PLOS 1.
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PR Bell et al. 2025. A track site controlled by Ceratopsids from the Campanian in Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada. PLOS 1 20(7): E0324913; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324913
A recent study by Professor Victor Pasco from Pennsylvania and his team reveals the method for determining the robust electric field associated with thunder, which collides with molecules such as nitrogen and oxygen, resulting in x-rays that trigger intense storms through additional electrons and high-energy photons.
NASA’s high-population ER-2 plane is equipped with instruments for the fly-eye Earth Intake Mapper Simulator and the Ground Gamma Ray Flash (ALOFT) Mission, which records gamma rays from ThunderClouds (illustrated in purple). Image credit: NASA/ALOFT team.
“Our research provides an accurate and quantitative explanation of the initial processes leading to lightning,” stated Professor Pasco.
“It connects the underlying physics of X-rays, electric fields, and electron avalanches.”
In their study, Professor Pasco and colleagues employed mathematical modeling to validate and elucidate field observations related to photoelectric phenomena within the Earth’s atmosphere.
This phenomenon, known as terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, consists of invisible, naturally occurring bursts of x-rays along with their associated radio emissions.
“By creating a simulation that mirrors the observed field conditions, we offered a comprehensive explanation of the x-rays and radio emissions occurring inside Thunderclouds,” added Professor Pasco.
“Our research illustrates how electrons, accelerated by lightning’s strong electric field, can generate x-rays upon colliding with air molecules like nitrogen or oxygen, leading to an avalanche of electrons that create high-energy photons to initiate lightning.”
Through their model, the researchers analyzed field observations gathered by various research teams utilizing ground-based sensors, satellites, and high-altitude surveillance platforms to simulate thunderstorm conditions.
“We elucidated the mechanisms of photoelectric events, the triggering conditions for electron cascades in thunder, and the sources of diverse radio signals detected in clouds preceding a lightning strike,” explained Professor Pervez.
“To validate the lightning initiation explanation, I compared our findings with previous models, observational studies, and my own investigations into lightning bolts, specifically intercompact cloud discharges that typically occur within limited regions of Thunderclouds.”
This process, termed photoelectric feedback discharge, models the physical conditions where lightning is likely to happen.
The equations employed to develop the model are available in the published papers, enabling other researchers to apply them in their own studies.
Besides elucidating the onset of lightning, the scientists clarified why ground-level gamma-ray flashes can often occur without the accompanying light and radio emissions that signify lightning in rainy conditions.
“In our simulations, the high-energy X-rays generated by relativistic electron avalanches create new seed electrons driven by photoelectric phenomena in the air, rapidly amplifying these avalanches,” Professor Pasco remarked.
“Moreover, while this runaway chain reaction is generated in a compact volume, it can happen across a varied range of intensities, often with minimal optical and radio emissions but detectable X-ray levels.”
“This explains why these gamma-ray flashes originate from regions that are visually dim and appear silent in wireless frequency.”
The team’s findings will be published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.
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Victor P. Pasco et al. 2025. The photoelectric effect in the air accounts for the initiation of lightning and the occurrence of terrestrial gamma rays. JGR Atmosphere 130 (14): E2025JD043897; doi: 10.1029/2025JD043897
Paleontologists from Argentine Patagonia have unearthed parts of the posterior skull from the previously unknown sauropod dinosaur, Levvatissaurus.
Reconstruction of the life of Astigmasaura genuflexa. Image credit: Mattia Yuri Messina.
The newly identified dinosaurs thrived in what is modern-day Argentina during the late Cretaceous period, around 95 million years ago.
This species has been scientifically named Astigmasaura ungflexa and measured approximately 18 meters (59 feet) in length, weighing over 10 tons.
These ancient giants belong to the Rebbachisauridae, a large family of sauropod dinosaurs within the superfamily Diplodocoidea.
“Rebbachisaurids are medium to large, non-selective, ground-level browsers, characterized by highly specialized skulls, elongated axial elements, and gracile appendicular skeletons.”
“Fossils from Levubatisaurus, spanning the early to late Cretaceous, are particularly diverse within the ancient supercontinent Gondwana, with numerous specimens discovered in North Africa and South America.”
“Notably, Patagonia has produced more than half of all known rebbachisaurids, including the earliest forms and the most recent Rebbachisaurus.”
Fieldwork in the El Orejano region of the Huncul Formation in Patagonia, Argentina. Image credit: Flavio Bellardini.
Fossilized remains of Astigmasaura ungflexa were found in the El Orejano area of the Huncul Formation within the Neuquén Basin in Patagonia, Argentina.
The material type of Astigmasaura ungflexa was described by paleontologists.
This new species represents one of the last Levubatisaurus dinosaurs before it went extinct around 90 million years ago.
“Astigmasaura ungflexa shares a variety of traits with other rebbachisaurids, including anterior caudal vertebrae with tall neural spines and tetrameric nerve layers, an asymmetrical neural arch, a mesolaterally compressed proximal tibia, and medially tilted distal condyles and femurs,” the researchers noted.
“Furthermore, Astigmasaura ungflexa displays a unique combination of diagnostic features that set it apart from all other sauropods.”
“This new finding not only enhances our understanding of the previously unexplored caudal and pelvic girdle anatomy of Rebbachisauridae but also indicates greater taxonomic diversity within the family during the late stages of evolutionary history than previously recognized.”
The team’s paper was published online in the journal Cretaceous Research.
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Flavio Berardini et al. 2025. Alongside the Titans: a new Levuvacisaur dinosaur from the Huncul Formation (Upper Cenomanian) of Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 176:106188; doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106188
The name Hadian Ion is derived from Hades, the Greek god of the underworld, and is used by geologists to describe Earth’s first 600 million years. While scientists initially believed that a sea of lava engulfed the Earth during the Hadean Eon, recent discoveries have revealed minerals from that era in newly formed rocks. These minerals, known as Zircon, indicate that Hadean Earth likely featured solid land, oceans, and possibly even an active water cycle.
Researchers from the United Arab Emirates, Australia, and China have been investigating whether freshwater existed on Hadean Earth. They collected sandstone samples from Jack Hills in Australia, which contained grains eroded from ancient rocks that housed weather-resistant zircon. Previous studies have shown that 7% of the zircon grains from Jack Hills date back to the Hadean Eon, making them among the oldest materials available today.
The team noted that zircon grains are ideal for this study because they retain the same chemical composition as crystallized Hadean magma. This allows researchers to analyze zircon grains to discern the original magma’s composition. To select the appropriate grains, researchers photographed the zircons and illuminated them with an electron beam using a method called Casodoriminesense.
The researchers focused on zircon particles that were structurally intact and exhibited homogeneous color and fluorescence. They measured uranium abundance and analyzed lead atoms with varying neutron counts. Using a technique called Mass analysis, they examined isotopes in the zircon. The ratio of these isotopes, 238U and 206Pb, provides insight into the age of the crystal and its origins.
The researchers also assessed the ratios of two oxygen isotopes, 18O and 16O, within the zircon. They explained that these oxygen isotope ratios are highly sensitive to interactions between liquids and rocks, allowing them to trace the variations in the Jack Hills Zircons’ O-isotope ratios to determine when the hydration cycle began. Their findings confirmed that the zircon grains originated from a primary magma source.
Next, the researchers analyzed how different oxygen isotope ratios in zircon were generated. They explained that 18O is heavier than 16O due to its additional two neutrons. Typically, zircon crystals formed in magma share oxygen isotope ratios similar to those in modern seawater. Higher heavy oxygen isotope ratios indicate the incorporation of more 18O fragments from the Earth’s crust rather than from seawater.
Meanwhile, interactions between magma and liquids produce distinct oxygen isotope ratios. Some zircons exhibited lighter oxygen isotope ratios of 18O, more than found in contemporary seawater. For such ratios to form, the magma must be at high temperatures and in contact with liquid. The researchers identified zircon crystals that crystallized with very light oxygen isotopic ratios between 200 million and 4 billion years ago, suggesting that the original melt interacted with surface water. These ratios imply that land emerged above the oceans, allowing water to accumulate on Earth’s surface.
To further investigate, the researchers employed computational models to determine the type of surface water that influenced the extreme oxygen isotope ratios in zircon particles. They tested whether the zircon oxygen isotope ratios result solely from interactions with seawater, freshwater, or a mix of both. Their findings indicated that magma interacting only with seawater could not account for the observed oxygen isotope ratios, suggesting a combination of influences. Consequently, researchers proposed that freshwater interacted with early Hadean crust over tens of millions of years to generate light oxygen isotopic ratios.
The researchers concluded that an active water cycle existed on early Earth. They noted that this revised timeline for the onset of the water cycle could significantly impact the emergence of life on Earth. The presence of land above sea level, freshwater, and an active water cycle implies that the building blocks for life may have been present just 550 million years after Earth’s formation. They theorized that life could have potentially originated in freshwater reservoirs in exposed crust. Ongoing research into geological materials from this period may yield further insights into the early processes that facilitated the emergence of life.
Angier (Hugh Jackman) shines in the cinematic adaptation
AJ Photos/Alam
fame Priest Christopher (available in the UK and the US)
fame is perhaps most recognized for Christopher Nolan’s 2006 film adaptation of “The Prestige.” However, the accompanying books have captivated audiences and are often celebrated as literary masterpieces.
I only picked up this book recently, as I initially thought it revolved around stage tricks. Many claim to delight in the magician’s artistry, but I’d rather invest my evening enjoying something else. I was skeptical about reading a book focused on stage magicians from the late 19th century.
However, a conversation with science fiction writer Adam Roberts last year led me to ask him for his favorite sci-fi authors, to which he quickly included Christopher Priest. fame, no matter your stance on stage magic.
This sparked my interest, despite my reluctance towards the flashy white gloves and top hats. Plus, Tor’s republishing of the novel marks 30 years since its initial release, complete with a new introduction by John Clute. (Priest sadly passed away last year.)
Within the story are two distinct but closely related stage tricks and their mechanisms. Our primary protagonist (a loose term) is Magician Alfred Borden, known for his trick named The Transported Man. In essence, it features Borden entering one side of the stage and reappearing in a booth on the opposite end to thunderous applause.
If you appreciate complex and skillfully designed puzzle mysteries, this book is definitely for you.
However, Borden has a rival named Rupert Angier, who becomes obsessed with deciphering Borden’s transportation tricks. Angier then creates his own magical marvel, seemingly appearing instantly from within a blinking machine to another part of the theater.
Now it is Borden who grapples with unraveling the mystery of Angier’s performance, teetering on the edge of madness in his quest to uncover it. This intense rivalry culminates in a generational cycle. Consequently, Borden and Angier share narration duties with their respective descendants.
The novel is genuinely gripping, pulling you in like a magician enthralling an audience. Yet, it’s much more sophisticated than it seems at first glance.
I’ve yet to test this theory, but I believe you can read various sections in almost any order, and it remains engaging and comprehensible. In essence, it’s surprisingly well-constructed.
Concerning genre, it won the World Fantasy Award upon its initial release, but it incorporates elements of science, including real-life figures like inventor Nikola Tesla, and is often classified as science fiction today. The book’s atmosphere has gothic and steampunk influences, with a vintage style fitting for its period.
So if you’re a fan of intricate and beautifully crafted puzzle mysteries, this book is certainly worth your time. It triumphs in both plot and expertly managed suspense. I’m excited to see Nolan’s film adaptation, which is reportedly quite different from the book, but Priest himself praised the film and believed Nolan executed it well.
I would also suggest Emily…
World War HG Wells (various publishers) Given that Christopher Priest served as Vice President of the HG Wells Association, it seems fitting to recommend reading (or re-reading for many) this significant work. Originally published in 1898, it’s astonishingly modern in many ways. It’s a cornerstone of classic science fiction, even before the genre was officially recognized. I recommend it simply because it’s a classic worth revisiting.
Emily H. Wilson is the former editor of the New Scientist and author of the Sumerian trilogy set in ancient Mesopotamia. The final book in the series, Ninshuval, is set for release in August. You can find her online at emilyhwilson.com or follow her on x @emilyhwilson and instagram @emilyhwilson1
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Quantum entanglement can be treated as a shareable resource
Peter Julik/Aramie
Quantum entanglement, an enigmatic connection between particles, serves as a crucial asset for quantum computing and communication, and in some instances, can be shared almost limitlessly.
Numerous quantum operations, including the secure transfer of encrypted quantum data and computations on quantum systems, depend on multiple entangled particles. Ujjwal Sen and his team at the Harish Chandra Research Institute in India have inquired whether entanglements can be shared rather than created anew.
“We imagined a scenario where someone possesses an abundance, like money or treats, willing to distribute it among children, employees, or others,” he explains.
To explore this idea, his team formulated a mathematical model featuring two hypothetical researchers, Alice and Bob, who share entangled particles. When additional researchers, Charu and Debu, require entanglement but cannot generate their own, the first pair must assist.
Their calculations indicated that if Charu’s particles interacted with Alice’s, and Debu’s with Bob’s, the initial pair could transfer part of their entanglement to the latter pair. Kornikar Sen, another researcher at the Harish Chandra Research Institute, clarified that although Charu and Debu couldn’t interact with each other, they could utilize a shared “entanglement bank.”
In fact, the researchers concluded that this procedure for sharing entanglement could potentially accommodate an infinite number of successive pairs of researchers unable to create their own entangled states. Ujjwal Sen expressed that this revelation was surprising, as they had not anticipated the ability to share entanglement across so many pairs when they commenced their calculations.
Moreover, the team pinpointed how the experimenters would need to modify their operations on the particles to facilitate this sharing mechanism, although these specific methods have yet to undergo experimental validation.
Chirag Srivastava from the Harish-Chandra Research Institute added that each new experimenter obtaining entanglement from Alice and Bob would acquire a diminishing share, as some entanglement dissipates during interactions.
Consequently, while the sharing methodology could theoretically continue forever, in practice, it would sooner or later cease when some researchers receive insignificantly small portions of entanglement.
How this situation unfolds—and how it measures against other methods by which researchers can obtain entanglement from a single source—remains to be explored through ongoing experiments.
Regular exercise aids in maintaining cognitive sharpness
Yoshikazu Tsuno/AFP via Getty Images
Engaging in structured exercise programs, dietary changes, cognitive activities, and social interactions has proven more efficient in combating cognitive decline than casual, self-initiated efforts.
The brain’s capabilities for memory, language use, and problem-solving typically diminish with age, often resulting in dementia. Nevertheless, studies indicate that up to 45% of global dementia cases are preventable by addressing 14 risk factors, which include inadequate education, social isolation, and brain injuries.
To explore strategies for preventing cognitive decline, Laura Baker from Wake Forest University School of Medicine in North Carolina and her team studied the American Pointer Study.
They involved over 2,100 individuals deemed at high risk for cognitive decline aged between 60 and 79, who led sedentary lifestyles, had suboptimal diets, and met at least two criteria related to dementia, such as a family history of memory issues.
Participants were randomly placed into one of two groups. Both were designed to promote physical and cognitive activity, healthy eating habits, and social interaction, although their methods varied.
One group followed a highly structured format, with 38 small group sessions across two years, led by trained facilitators who devised plans. This regimen also incorporated regular exercise at a community center along with weekly online brain training exercises.
The other group was less structured, participating in only six group meetings over the same two-year period. They were provided with public education materials and $75 gift cards aimed at encouraging behavioral changes, like attending gym classes.
After two years, both groups demonstrated enhancements in cognitive assessments measuring memory, executive function, and processing speed. The structured group saw an improvement of 0.24 standard deviations per year compared to their initial scores, while the self-guided group improved by 0.21 standard deviations per year.
“It’s remarkable that the structured care group has shown improvement,” remarks Gil Livingston from University College London. However, she points out the absence of a control group that received no intervention, making comparisons challenging between structured and self-directed participants.
Baker estimates significant declines in cognitive scores would have occurred without either regimen, claiming the benefits are significant. “A two-year structured intervention can effectively delay cognitive aging by nearly one to two years,” she states.
Baker mentions that improvement in both groups aligns with a placebo effect, suggesting that participants might have expected positive outcomes regardless of their group assignments.
Claudia Sumoto from the University of São Paulo in Brazil suggests the minor differences in cognitive scores between groups are likely imperceptible to participants and their families, given that dementia progresses gradually; clear effects may take more than two years to manifest.
Baker notes the team will continue monitoring participants for a total of six years, as the US Pointer Study has a four-year extension. “We’re observing subtle changes because they are cognitively normal individuals, and we are effectively slowing the rate of decline over time. We’re genuinely excited about empowering individuals at risk of dementia to take control of their health,” she remarks.
She believes that a structured approach is practical beyond the study context, emphasizing the need for caregivers and health professionals to motivate individuals rather than assuming high public expenditure is necessary to instill healthy habits.
“Overall, dementia care can be highly costly, and mitigating the burden can save expenses,” Livingston adds. “This study is crucial because lifestyle enhancements have shown benefits, and while guided support aids improvement, it’s not the only approach.”
A charming duo, Rozi the Cheetah Cub and Ziggy the Labrador-Kelpie-Collie mix, demonstrate that the bonds of brotherhood can cross species lines.
Logi was brought into the world via an emergency cesarean section in late February at the Western Plains Zoo in Dubbo, Australia, after her mother, Siri, went into labor ahead of schedule.
Unfortunately, Siri was unable to produce milk. Rozi struggled with health issues during her initial weeks, which necessitated the separation of mother and cub.
As Rozi’s two siblings were stillborn, she became the only surviving cub, facing at least 18 months before she could participate in the zoo’s breeding program.
The zookeepers determined that in order for Rozi to grow and socialize adequately, thus improving her chances of breeding in the future, she would need companions.
Domestic cats wouldn’t be suitable, she notes, as Logi’s playmates need to be sturdy enough to engage with a cheetah for at least a year.
“Dogs possess greater resilience and energy. Their size also aligns more closely with the cheetah as she matures,” Michelle adds.
3 Months of Ziggy and Logi
Sharon McDreddie
When both were about two months old, Ziggy and Logi were gradually introduced. Initially, Ziggy needed careful quarantine and vaccination, but after two weeks, they were playing and cuddling together.
“Their energy levels, play styles, and sizes complement each other well,” says Michelmore. “The liveliness and playfulness of puppies mesh nicely with Logi’s current stage.”
As female cheetahs tend to become solitary after 12-18 months, Michelmore anticipates a future separation for Ziggy, which will involve placing him in a new home.
“We will take cues from their relationship and can start to transition Ziggy out when Logi shows she doesn’t desire his company as much,” shares Michelle.
However, she is also considering the possibility of keeping Ziggy around. This way, Rozi and Ziggy could maintain their bond. Several zoos in the United States have found that cheetahs and their adopted siblings can coexist into adulthood.
She likens Ziggy to a “nuisance brother,” stating, “The joy she expresses upon his return to her space is unmistakable.”
“I also want Ziggy to grow into a well-rounded dog. His upbringing is truly unique for a puppy.”
One of my favorite pastimes is stargazing with friends, spending hours watching the stars and hoping for meteors to race across the sky. Summer nights in the Northern Hemisphere are ideal for this, especially as two meteor showers reach their peaks.
A meteor is simply a flash of light created when small dust particles burn up as they enter Earth’s atmosphere. Occasionally, larger rocks disintegrate, with some pieces reaching the ground as meteorites. Each year, as Earth orbits the Sun, it passes through trails of dust and debris left by comets and asteroids, leading to stunning meteor showers.
The Delta Aquariids Meteor Shower originates from Comet 96P/Machholz, a short-period comet that orbits the Sun approximately every five years. Discovered in 1986, it last made its closest approach to the Sun in 2023.
This meteor shower is considered medium strength. On clear, dark nights, you could witness up to 20 meteors per hour, peaking on July 30th. However, the Delta Aquariid Shower (depicted in the image) spans from mid-July to mid-August and offers a gentler display compared to other meteor showers, making it less critical to observe it at peak times.
While Delta Aquariids are typically more spectacular in the Southern Hemisphere, they’re visible worldwide.
The optimal time to observe them is during a moonless night around the end of July. This year, the lunar phase aligns perfectly with the new moon on July 24th, offering an excellent opportunity for viewing until the first quarter on July 31st.
To see the meteors, find a location as far from light pollution as possible. Allow your eyes to adjust to the darkness for at least 40 minutes before gazing upward. The Delta Aquariids appear to radiate from the constellation Aquarius, from which their name is derived, but these meteors can be seen traversing in all directions across the sky.
If you’re stargazing towards late July or August, keep an eye out for the Perseid meteor showers, which are known for their brilliance and peak around August 12th. This year, the Perseids will reach their peak the evening of August 12th-13th, making it worthwhile to stay up late if you can.
So gather your friends, grab a cozy blanket or a hot water bottle, and see how many meteors you can spot at the end of July or the beginning of August. I’m certainly planning to do so.
Abigail Beall is the editor of New Scientist and the author of Art of Urban Astronomy. Follow her @abbybeall
Hope for discovering alien life on K2-18B is diminishing. Recent observations have not revealed clear evidence of biomolecules suggested by earlier studies. While many scientists concur that this casts doubt on past claims, one researcher involved in those earlier findings argues that the new data may actually bolster their conclusions.
In April, Nick Madhusudan at Cambridge University and his team proposed that K2-18B, a rocky planet larger than Earth and located around 124 light years away, shows signs of atmospheric molecules dimethyldimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethyldisulfide (DMD). On Earth, these compounds are exclusively produced by living organisms. At the time, Madhusudhan described these as “the first hints we see about this alien world, possibly a home for life.”
However, subsequent analyses of the same JWST data by other researchers using different statistical methods found no substantial evidence for these molecules. Madhusudhan later stated that his team conducted a more in-depth reanalysis of their data. In an interview with New Scientist, he expressed “increased confidence” that DMS could be the best explanation for the findings. Without further observations of K2-18B, astronomers remain divided on the potential for life on the planet.
Recently, Renyu Hu from Caltech and his colleagues collaborated with Madhusudhan’s team to examine new JWST observations of K2-18B. They found no statistical evidence supporting the detection of DMS. “This paper does not present conclusive evidence regarding the presence of this molecule in the atmosphere,” remarked Hu.
Madhusudhan, Hu, and their teams utilized JWST’s near-infrared camera to observe the light from K2-18B’s star. This camera captured light at wavelengths differing from the mid-infrared measurements used in the earlier analysis conducted in April. The researchers then assessed their findings using various atmospheric models for K2-18B. Each model had different assumptions regarding the molecular composition and the presence of water vapor in its atmosphere.
Some models incorporating DMS provided slightly better explanations for the data than those without, but this does not necessarily indicate a firm detection, falling short of the threshold for statistical evidence. “The models suggest that if there is a signal, it is quite weak,” stated Hu. “I remain cautious.”
Madhusudhan acknowledged the lack of strong evidence for detection, but contended that it is more reasonable to compare this data with recent observations from JWST’s near-infrared cameras taken in 2023, as opposed to April’s mid-infrared results. “Statistically, the data does seem to show slightly stronger evidence for DMS than what we discussed in our paper,” said Madhusudhan.
“There could still be other molecules mimicking DMS,” he added, but he believes that signals produced by unknown compounds exhibit specific traits best accounted for by DMS. “However, we cannot make confident assertions.”
“This study clearly states that there is no evidence of dimethyl sulfide. No statistical support exists for these gases,” stated Lewis Wellbanks of Arizona State University. Sarah Seager from MIT remarked that her team views the statistical significance presented by the researchers as “not enough to be considered a detection.”
“It seems we may be nearing the end of the discussion regarding whether DMS can be detected at viable levels. [K2-18b] conditions are not conducive enough for more critical detection,” remarked Jake Taylor from Oxford University.
In a further setback for biosignature proponents, Hu and his team discovered that specific hydrogen-rich atmospheres in planets like K2-18b can generate DMS through chemical pathways devoid of biological influence. “This helps narrow down which molecules may serve as biosignatures in exoplanetary atmospheres, implying that DMS is not exclusively indicative of life,” noted Taylor.
However, he emphasized that additional mid-infrared observations with JWST, akin to those undertaken in April, could yield more specific data, as DMS characteristics and other intricate molecules target distinct light regions that are detectable.
What is widely accepted by astronomers is that K2-18B is rich in water. Hu and his team have gathered robust evidence for the existence of methane and carbon dioxide, suggesting the presence of water. However, it remains unclear whether this water exists as oceans, atmospheric vapor, or is confined inside the planet.
World Capital of Astronomy: Chile
Discover the astronomical wonders of Chile. Explore some of the world’s most advanced observatories and gaze at the stars beneath some of the clearest skies on Earth.
A dying star is shedding a massive sphere of dust and gas approximately half the size of our solar system. Astronomers are puzzled by this phenomenon as there’s no known process capable of producing such an extensive amount of material from a single star.
Red supergiants are the universe’s largest stars, representing the final stages of a massive star that has exhausted most of its fuel before it eventually goes supernova. During this brief phase, the star expands rapidly, releasing copious amounts of gas and dust and forming bubbles around it.
Mark Siebert from the Chalmers Institute of Technology in Sweden and his colleagues found that the red supergiant star DFK 52 possesses the largest known environment for such celestial bodies, creating a bubble 50,000 times wider than the distance between Earth and the Sun. Curiously, these stars are relatively dim, suggesting they have less energy than what would typically be needed to generate such a vast debris field. “I can’t ascertain how I can disperse so much material in that timeframe,” Siebert remarks.
Previously, DFK 52 had been observed by various telescopes, allowing astronomers to conclude that it expelled a normal quantity of gas. However, when Siebert and his team used the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile, they detected light at longer wavelengths from older, much cooler materials.
“It reveals an extensive environment around DFK 52 with a very complex geometry that’s not entirely understood yet,” Siebert explains. “We don’t grasp the precise structure, but we acknowledge its immense scale.”
Similar to the intricate flow of bubbles throughout the structure, Siebert and his team observed ring-like formations at the core of the overall sphere, expanding at approximately 30 kilometers per second. They estimate that this activity likely stemmed from a significant event that occurred around 4,000 years ago, potentially key to understanding how the star generated so much material.
Location of DFK 52 observed by the Spitzer Space Telescope
NASA/JPL-CALTECH/IPAC
A potential explanation for the extensive environment is that these stars may have briefly increased in brightness and then dramatically faded, although red supergiants are not typically known for such fluctuations, according to Siebert. Alternatively, another star may be orbiting a larger star, stripping material from DFK 52, but this would likely result in a more symmetrical bubble, Siebert asserts. “It is evident that some additional energy sources must contribute to this phenomenon, but we remain uncertain about what they are,” he comments.
“The explosion won’t alter the star’s overall evolution, but it may significantly influence the future appearances of supernovas,” says Emma Beads from John Moores University, Liverpool, UK. “This is an intriguing development that enhances our understanding of unusual supernovae.”
World Capital of Astronomy: Chile
Discover the astronomical wonders of Chile. Visit some of the world’s most advanced observatories and experience the pristine night sky.
On Monday, Samsung entered into a contract worth $16.5 billion (£12.3 billion) to produce artificial intelligence chips for Tesla, marking a significant development while Elon Musk was active on social media.
The South Korean technology giant disclosed a partnership with an unnamed client in a regulatory filing. Musk shared details on the platform X.
Musk stated that Samsung will manufacture Tesla’s next-gen A16 chips at its new facility in Texas.
He emphasized, “The strategic significance of this is hard to overstate.”
Back in December, the Biden administration allocated $4.755 billion to support Samsung’s semiconductor manufacturing operations in Texas under the Chips Act. At that time, former U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo remarked that this funding would ensure a “steady flow” of chips vital for AI and national security.
In a post on X on Monday, Musk indicated that he had allowed Samsung to assist Tesla in “maximizing manufacturing efficiency” and “expediting” production processes.
He added that the Samsung facility in Taylor, a suburb of Austin, Texas, is “conveniently located not far from my home.”
This agreement is poised to revive projects that have faced significant delays due to Samsung’s struggle to maintain and attract major clients. Ryu Young-Ho, a senior analyst at NH Investment & Securities in Seoul, noted that the Taylor plant “currently has no customers,” making this deal “a logical move.”
In October, Reuters reported that Samsung had postponed shipments of chip manufacturing equipment from ASML, a Dutch supplier, as it had not yet secured key customers. The facility’s opening has already been delayed until 2026.
Samsung is currently producing Tesla’s AI4 chips, which enhance the automaker’s fully autonomous driver assistance system. Taiwan’s TSMC will initially manufacture Tesla’s AI5 chips in Taiwan before moving production to Arizona.
The regulatory filing announcing Samsung’s chip supply agreement did not disclose the client’s identity, citing a request for confidentiality concerning the transaction to be carried out until the end of 2033.
For those years that seem to linger without fading away—marking the conclusion of the 25th 007 film and representing Daniel Craig’s iconic portrayal of the beloved spy—there remains no successor ready to don the tuxedo, order a martini, or take the wheel of an Aston Martin. At least, it’s not yet in cinemas. However, for the first time in Bond history, audiences will encounter the new James Bond in video games before he makes his film debut.
Crafted by the Danish studio IO Interactive for the upcoming 007 First Light, the new Bond has a strikingly handsome yet doll-like appearance. His fresh face and bright blue eyes are a departure from Craig’s rugged charm, as they lean more towards a youthful innocence rather than sharp intensity. This iteration of Bond doesn’t reject these classic traits but rather embraces them. First Light serves as an origin tale, designed to redefine one of entertainment’s most enduring protagonists for a new generation of gaming fans.
“We decided to start with origins so we could explore questions like, ‘Who was James Bond as a youth, and what does it mean to be a 00 agent?’ What does it truly signify to be 007?”
Historically, most James Bond video games have leaned heavily into the shooter genre, heavily inspired by the classic 1997 Nintendo 64 title, GoldenEye 007. Despite the ongoing success of the first-person shooter genre, the 007 games saw diminishing returns, with lackluster reviews and declining sales for 2012’s 007 Legends effectively sidelining Bond’s video game career—until IO approached Eon Productions with an exceptional concept.
“There’s an exciting shootout in the film, but if we really think about it, there isn’t that much,” Elverdam remarks. Addressing the discrepancies between the film and the game became a fundamental aspect of IO’s pitch, with the intent of allowing players to embody characters outside the constraints of cinema.
This was a familiar process for IO, which, between 2016 and 2021, successfully redefined the Hitman series—a franchise centered around elite contract killers. With a remarkable awareness of what worked in the previous Hitman games (focusing on strategic planning and problem-solving rather than gratuitous violence) and discarding the elements that did not resonate (such as convoluted narratives), the results were astounding: a series of endlessly replayable puzzles that allowed players to vanish without a trace. The satirical, clever tone of Hitman: The World of Assassination became a standout hallmark for IO.
“All of these elements [from Hitman],” Elverdam mentions, “if we adapt and innovate those, we can create a true Bond experience. These innovations should encompass driving, stealth, and yes, shootouts.”
“It’s not just about shooting”… Bond ventures onto the road with 007’s First Light.
Photo: IO Interactive
The title fits perfectly, as this game represents the first flicker of hope for a cherished franchise that has faced challenging times. Announced initially as Project 007 in November 2020, the game has persevered through Bond’s turbulent waters, a situation that began with a $8.45 billion (£6.3 billion) merger between MGM, the studio behind Bond, and Amazon in March 2022. Barbara Broccoli and Michael G. Wilson helm this family business.
In February, Broccoli and Wilson ceded creative control to Amazon as part of a major contract, effectively ending the Broccoli family’s 63-year stewardship of the Bond film franchise. Since then, Amazon has begun to outline its plans, including hiring Denis Villeneuve to direct the next installment. The world is now watching and waiting for a casting decision, eager to see what this transition means for one of cinema’s most lucrative franchises.
However, while the upcoming film unfolds, the new game possibly holds the potential to leave a lasting mark. The 007 First Light Trailer doesn’t reveal much, yet it builds excitement. It’s a montage that rekindles everything fans adore about 007—the intricate traps and gadgets reminiscent of the Roger Moore era, coupled with the formidable physical presence of Craig’s portrayal and the charming attitude that has unified all iterations of the character.
Everything fans cherish about the series. Photo: IO Interactive
“To truly pursue high ambitions, it’s essential to examine various Bond installments, understand the essence of each, and infuse your unique perspective,” Elverdam states.
The creative director for First Light is keen to discuss Bond’s essence but remains tight-lipped regarding certain specifics of his version. For instance, the identity of the voice actor portraying Bond is still under wraps. Nevertheless, Elverdam acknowledges that due to Bond’s lasting appeal, he is a character not easily thrust into contemporary narratives.
“Each Bond represents the zeitgeist of their era, regardless of your intentions. That’s simply how it is,” he explains. “What is perceived as a threat, or desirable qualities, inevitably evolves over time.” Elverdam poses several thought-provoking questions that IO considers as they craft their rendition of Bond: When do you improvise? What does it mean to serve a king and a kingdom? Why engage in such tasks in the first place?
If Elverdam and IO adeptly address these queries, they may well establish a closer connection to the next film’s Bond than one might expect.
It all began with the unusual appearance of Elon Musk’s eyes.
In May, the president’s loyal companion looked visibly distressed while in the Oval Office. He laughed it off, attributing it to an incident with his five-year-old.
There were various theories circulating online. A wave of largely unverified speculation started to emerge, suspicious— and I must emphasize the word “suspected”— involving Musk; Trump’s deputy chief of staff, Stephen Miller; and his wife, political advisor Katie Miller. The Democrats posted an empty hotel room chair, signaling the infamous concept of cuckoldry.
Musk says the injuries to his eyes were a result of playing with his son – Video
I’m not alone in taking a twisted pleasure from other people’s relationship troubles. Subreddits like R/Relationships and R/AmitheasShole have become staples for viral posts, resembling portable soap operas or sitcoms, but with a certain spicy authenticity.
The saga involving Musk led me to R/Openmarriageregret, which reposts threads from the polyamory board for mining and warning stories about open relationships. These experiences suggest that juggling multiple relationships can twist us into unfamiliar shapes and potentially tear us apart.
The page opens with a tranquil introduction: “Life is about choices. Some people may regret theirs, while others take pride in them.”
It’s all very much a “don’t try this at home” scenario, intended for educational purposes.
Many posts unfold as you’d expect: a man pressures his wife for an open relationship, only to be stunned when he learns she’s sought after, while he feels like sexual kryptonite. But it can get even murkier.
One user wonders if it’s improper to “leave our honeymoon after my husband and his boyfriend kept abandoning me and my girlfriend.”
Another details a more contemporary sorrow: “My husband is keen on an open marriage to accommodate his AI girlfriend, claiming it’s the next step for them.” She describes him being increasingly distant, spending excessive time on his phone, smiling to himself, and retreating into his home office. He eventually hints at something significant.
No, it’s much worse. The user continues, “He expressed his desire to deepen the relationship with her,” which entails introducing AI to their children. “How am I supposed to remain married to someone who’s emotionally invested in a chatbot?”
In the comments, some share experiences of being enchanted by a simulation of a woman whose male partners don’t engage with him and are programmed to agree with everything he says.
The voyeurism in this group arises from two places: the related dramas are undeniably captivating, but so too is the way participants discuss these real-life scenarios. While commenters bring their own biases, they might not realize they’re entangled in the drama as well. The group’s members often subscribe to a single theme: individuals in open relationships crave novelty and attention, rendering the actual partner functionally irrelevant.
Naturally, theories don’t necessarily hold water. As long as alternatives continue to gain popularity, successful open relationships have existed for decades. Members in the group often move their irony forward, even in the presence of misinformation. “I really don’t know anyone in an open relationship or marriage,” admits one top commenter.
I recognize I’m complicit in what may be a somewhat unstable investment in this group. Yet, I can’t turn away. Who are these commenters? Who will experience heartache? Why are they so invested in the romantic troubles of others, their unraveling marriages? Why am I? The emotional thrill of gossip is undeniable; even typically humorous Democrats seem to thrive on it.
So let’s cast malice aside: I genuinely hope that the Musk-Miller situation resolves favorably. Claiming they belong together may indeed hold some truth!
Researchers have identified a newly found intermediate mass black hole designated NGC 6099 HLX-1, situated in a dense star cluster at the edge of the elliptical galaxy NGC 6099, nearly 40,000 light-years from the galaxy’s core.
X-ray and infrared imagery of NGC 6099 HLX-1. Image credits: NASA/CXC/Inst. Astronomy, Taiwan / YC Chang / ESA / STSCI / HST / J. Depasquale.
NGC 6099 is roughly 450 million light-years distant from the constellation Hercules.
Astronomers first detected an unusual X-ray source in a photo of the galaxy captured by NASA’s Chandra X-Ray Observatory in 2009.
This source has since been studied further with ESA’s XMM-Newton Space Observatory.
“X-ray sources exhibiting such high luminosity are uncommon outside a galaxy’s nucleus and can be significant indicators for locating elusive central black holes,” states Dr. Yi-chi Chang, an astronomer at the National Tsing Hua University.
“These objects bridge a critical gap in the understanding of black holes, linking stellar mass black holes and supermassive black holes.”
The X-ray emissions from NGC 6099 HLX-1 reach a temperature of 3 million degrees, which aligns with events of tidal disruption.
Utilizing the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers discovered signs of a small cluster of stars encircling the black hole.
This cluster feasts on matter as the stars are densely grouped, just a few months away (approximately 500 billion miles).
The intriguing intermediate mass black hole peaked in brightness in 2012, after which its luminosity steadily decreased until 2023.
However, the optical and X-ray observations across this timeframe do not align, complicating interpretation.
The black hole may have disrupted captured stars, creating a plasma disk that exhibits variability, or it might have birthed a disk that flickers as gas spirals inward.
“If an intermediate mass black hole is consuming a star, how long does it take to digest the gas?” questions Dr. Roberto Soria, an astronomer from the National Institute of Astrophysics in Italy.
“In 2009, HLX-1 was relatively bright. By 2012, it was approximately 100 times brighter, but then its brightness declined again.”
. “Now, we need to observe and see if it enters multiple cycles and identify any peaks in activity.
The researchers stress the importance of examining central mass black holes to reveal the origins of larger supermassive black holes.
Two alternative theories are suggested. One posits that large galaxies grow by merging with other substantial galaxies, positioning intermediate mass black holes as components that help formulate even larger black holes. Intermediate mass black holes in galactic centers also expand during these collisions.
Hubble’s observations indicated a correlation: the larger the galaxy, the larger the black holes residing within. One fresh insight from this discovery suggests that galaxies may host intermediate mass black holes, existing within the halos of galaxies without necessarily spiraling toward the center.
Another theory suggests that gas clouds in primordial dark matter halos might collapse directly into supermassive black holes without first forming stars.
Observations indicating Webb’s distant black holes often appear disproportionately large compared to their host galaxies lend support to this hypothesis.
However, since smaller sizes are elusive, there may exist an observational bias toward detecting very large black holes in the early universe.
In truth, there’s considerable diversity in the methods by which black holes are generated in our dynamic universe.
Ultra-massive black holes collapsing within dark matter may evolve distinctly from those within dwarf galaxies, where accretion could be the primary growth mechanism.
“If fortune favors you, you might spot a wandering black hole suddenly brightening in X-rays due to a tidal disruption event,” Dr. Soria remarked.
“Conducting statistical studies will elucidate the frequency of these intermediate mass black holes, how often they consume stars, and the mechanisms by which galaxies have expanded through the amalgamation of smaller galaxies.”
Survey findings were published in the Astrophysical Journal.
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Yi-chi Chang et al. 2025. Multi-wavelength studies of high-light X-ray sources near NGC6099: A powerful IMBH candidate. APJ 983, 109; doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adbbee
Scientists don’t need reminding that hangovers are unpleasant. Excessive alcohol intake can trigger a cascade of headaches, nausea, fatigue, and inflammation.
While the long-term health hazards of alcohol consumption are well-known, it’s surprising that research on hangovers is quite limited.
“When I searched for ‘hangovers’, I found about 600 articles since 1945,” notes Professor J Leigh Leasure, who maintains a database of biomedical and lifestyle research. “It’s astonishing how little has been explored on this topic.”
Leasure, a neuroscientist at the University of Houston studying the effects of alcohol, is among the researchers striving to enhance our understanding of this unclear condition.
As a participant, she has experimented with various hangover remedies—from traditional eggs and bacon to electrolytes, vitamin mixes, and caffeine infusions.
High-Intensity Exercise to Sweat Out Hangovers
Meanwhile, some individuals tackle their hangovers through high-intensity workouts. Whether it’s a run or a spin and kettlebell class, the goal remains the same: to sweat out the “toxins” from the previous night.
“Interestingly, many people swear by sweating it out,” says Leasure.
In 2024, she and her colleagues released their first study examining whether exercise can alleviate hangover symptoms. Published in the journal Addictive Behavior, the research involved approximately 1,600 university students who had experienced at least one hangover in the past three months.
Participants completed a survey regarding their alcohol consumption, activity levels, and the frequency and severity of hangovers.
Some findings were unsurprising: increased drinking correlated with more severe hangovers.
However, the study also revealed that students who engaged in intense exercise during the previous three months reported fewer and less severe hangovers compared to those who were less active.
It’s worth mentioning that this was a retrospective study. The students were not tested in a controlled setting, so the results should be viewed with some caution.
This study suggests that vigorous exercise might generally mitigate the worst hangover effects, rather than alleviating them in the immediate aftermath.
Read more:
Reduced Inflammation from Elevated Endorphins
There’s reason to believe that training after a hangover can be beneficial. Endorphins released by rigorous exercise act as natural painkillers, which could help alleviate headaches.
One study indicates that high-intensity exercise is particularly effective at boosting endorphin production compared to lighter workouts.
Leasure posits that exercise may also have anti-inflammatory properties.
“One prevailing idea is that alcohol, especially in large amounts, elevates short-term inflammation, while exercise tends to counteract this,” she explains.
Research has shown that regular exercise can reduce the likelihood of chronic inflammation. In 2023, Harvard Research identified one mechanism involving the release of regulatory T cells that modulate the body’s inflammatory response.
Earlier studies suggest that moderate exercise for just 20 minutes can trigger an anti-inflammatory response.
However, don’t expect to break personal records on your morning run. While exercise can help with hangovers, the hangover itself can impair performance, says Leasure.
“As one might expect, hangovers don’t improve athletic performance. Research indicates they make physical activity more challenging.”
One significant idea is that alcohol increases inflammation, while exercise has the opposite effect – Illustrated Credit: Jamie Coe
Another unexpected finding emerged from Leasure’s study.
“There is a substantial body of literature examining the connection between exercise and alcohol consumption,” she states. “Physically active individuals tend to drink, which seems somewhat paradoxical.”
One theory from Leasure and her colleagues suggests that people often have a debit and credit mindset regarding health. Engaging in unhealthy habits like drinking might lead some to compensate by pursuing healthier activities, such as an intense workout on a Sunday morning.
As this study continues, the effects on hangovers will become clearer.
About Our Experts
Professor J Leigh Leasure is a neuroscientist and associate professor in the Department of Biology and Biochemistry, focusing on the effects of alcohol at the University of Houston in the United States. She has published in multiple scientific journals including Alcohol, Neuroplasticity, and Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research.
Shares of struggling retailers and well-known consumer brands have surged as amateur traders cast aside Wall Street doubt and mobilized online. It resembles the events of 2021.
However, this new memestock rally may eclipse those from four years ago, when investors flocked to familiar but overlooked stocks like video game retailer GameStop and cinema chain AMC.
Retailers Coles, camera company GoPro, fast food chain Wendy’s, and donut chain Krispy Kreme this week accelerated the rise of well-known volatile stocks, fueled by social media chatter reminiscent of the 2021 meme stock frenzy.
Actress Sidney Sweeney sparked excitement around clothing retailer American Eagle Outfitters after announcing her involvement in the brand’s new marketing campaign. Consequently, the company’s shares surged approximately 10% during Thursday’s trading.
Meme stocks “are poised to expand in size and scope, reconfiguring what’s deemed important in retail,” as per Jaime Rogozinski, founder of The WallstreetBets Reddit forums responsible for numerous volatile gatherings.
“The finance landscape is undeniably evolving with blockchain and AI trading autonomously,” he noted. “And retail groups are adapting alongside these changes.”
Rogozinski launched WallstreetBets in 2012 but was removed as a moderator by Reddit in 2020.
Forum participants actively share their research and insights. “It represents a decentralization of financial analysis power,” stated Noor Al, a moderator at WallstreetBets. “Great ideas can originate from anyone, anywhere.
“We observe the substantial influence of collective financial power, driven by ideas and community,” he added.
The 2021 memestock trend produced influencers like the memeable Kitty, emerging from a time when many amateur traders were confined at home and buoyed by pandemic relief funds.
It’s uncertain if this latest wave will yield similar successes. This week, Kohl’s shares soared by 32%, GoPro jumped 66%, and Krispy Kreme rose by 41%. These spikes illustrate that some investors are increasingly willing to embrace risk, especially with record stock highs making it hard for tech-heavy markets to outpace.
Investing in memestocks is often seen as an emotional or ideological choice, rather than grounded in economic fundamentals. Donald Trump’s Trump Media & Technology Group, which owns Truth Social, is currently valued at over $5 billion, generating roughly $1 million in quarterly revenue.
The spirit of Wallstreet Bets “has long embraced a mix of irony and relevance to the stock market,” Rogozinski mentioned, referencing fast food chain Wendy’s. “Wendy’s has maintained its meme status for the past decade. It always brings a sense of amusement because, on Reddit, you often see something like, ‘Sir, this is Wendy’s.’
“It’s an inside joke with roots I’m unsure of. It’s simply a meme,” he added. The fleeting spike in stocks—like a 10% increase over two days—illustrates that some retail investors may not prioritize typical market drivers, such as inflation and geopolitical conflicts. “It showcases our tendency to mock the financial system.”
Ultimately, long-term institutional players often secure the last laugh, Rogozinski acknowledged. “Yet in the short term, there’s ample opportunity in this volatility. The rapid fluctuations of stocks highlight a crucial need for relevance within the financial system.”
The present market landscape doesn’t entirely mirror the low-interest rates and retail investors’ optimism from the COVID-19 era, but current market records and a strong economy are once again making meme stocks appealing. “We’re witnessing signs that this is a robust meme revival,” stated Brent Kochuba, founder of derivative-data company Spotgamma. He informed Bloomberg.
“The macroeconomic environment is particularly favorable for retail and speculative investments,” Al concurred. “We observed increased speculation and enthusiasm, with retail players responding quicker and offering insights.”
Logoszynski noted that traders aren’t necessarily focused on a company’s financial health. “This activist said, ‘I don’t care about the financials, the discounted cash flow. I like food, I like video games. I like memes.’
Currently, there’s an added “third factor” influencing investments, exceeding traditional supply and demand. “It doesn’t matter if it goes up or down or what assets or liabilities it possesses; I’m drawn to this company.”
ANania Williams is Genress, known to some for their comedic TikTok videos and to others as the host of Gader, a viral show focusing on queer culture, history, and current events. Their interview with New York City mayoral candidate Zoran Mamdani gained significant attention, and Williams has also made an impact through performance art, including open icons like Chapel Lawn and Bob the Drug Queen, and various roles in musical theatre such as Laura in Kinky Boots and Dominique in Lucky Stiff.
For years, Williams has crafted a creative universe all their own. At just 25, this gender non-conforming Black artist employs their/her pronouns and has cultivated a strong social media presence with over 2.8 million followers. They are carving a niche for themselves outside the traditional binary. In their upcoming project, Williams will star in the new musical Saturday Church at the New York Theatre Workshop, debuting on August 27th. The production explores the sanctuary for LGBTQ+ youth. “It’s a musical that captures a unique atmosphere,” Williams remarked. “It embodies a strange, black joy and conveys a beautiful message.”
Williams embraces another role in their burgeoning theatre career as a trans woman. “The more I embraced my transition, the more positive I felt,” they shared. “It was empowering to inhabit spaces where I could truly be myself.” Their talent and charisma make their ascent seem almost predestined. As they juggle various projects, navigating their extensive future and the complexities of being an online presence remains an ongoing challenge.
Growing Up
Growing up in Davenport, Iowa, a town of about 100,000 in the industrial Midwest, posed its own challenges for Williams. They faced bullying at school for “having a girl’s name,” and their family life was marked by turbulence, including abuse and neglect. However, life in the Midwest also planted the seeds for their artistic aspirations. As a child, they sang in the church choir and later joined the show choir, inspired by their sister.
Williams pursued a Musical Theatre Program at Emerson College in Boston. This period became pivotal, allowing them to reflect on their identity and desires. Still, the world of musical theatre presented its own binaries and constraints. As someone who identifies outside traditional gender norms and as a Black individual, Williams felt restricted. “I thought, ‘It feels forbidden to exist beyond the gender binary,’ and simultaneously to be Black,” Williams recalled.
Even as Williams sought to carve their path, they encountered resistance from professors. “They kept questioning why I gravitated toward ‘girl’s songs.’ I tried to explain, but it fell flat,” Williams shared.
When the COVID-19 pandemic struck, Williams returned to their hometown and, like many, awaited a return to normalcy. The quarantine period prompted significant reflection and helped them fully acknowledge their gender identity. “I had to confront some truths, like, ‘Yes, I’m different. Yes, I might be gender non-conforming.’ It spiraled from there,” they recounted.
Around the same time, they began creating content on TikTok, quickly gaining recognition for their humorous rants during late-night walks. Much of their content served as spontaneous commentary on topics including religion and personal relationships. In 2022, they began discussing their gender identity more openly, sharing videos about their makeup and drag routines.
Reflecting on that time evokes mixed emotions for Williams. On one hand, they cherish the growth they experienced alongside a loyal audience. “My audience has been with me through my evolution,” they expressed. “They watched me put on makeup for the first time or try on my first wig. Those supporters motivate me to continue, even as I sometimes wish to revert to the earlier version of myself.”
The Rise of Gader
The nature of their content has continually evolved. In 2024, Williams became the host of Gader, a show created by Amelia Montooth on the company’s mutual media platform. The show quizzes various guests on queer culture to determine if they exhibit “straight, homophobic” tendencies, with questions about “lipstick lesbians” that assess guest knowledge of gay icons. In many instances, Williams learns alongside participants in real time. “I didn’t even know who Sue Bird was, and I was being schooled by the lesbians on the street.”
The show creates a comedic environment intended to educate audiences. “We weave fascinating histories and cultures into accessible questions and snippets, ensuring a relaxed atmosphere for learning,” Williams explained. “We provide facts and context, urging viewers to care about these narratives.”
Initially, early versions of the show featured Williams interacting with strangers on the street, but it has since hosted many public figures and celebrities, including Vivienne Jenna Wilson, the daughter of singer Lucy Dux, Rene Rapp, and billionaire Elon Musk. A highlight was having progressive NYC mayoral candidate Mamdani as one of their guests, who generated buzz as one of the first politicians to appear on the show. Mamdani surprised attendees by succeeding in a challenge at a popular lesbian bar in Manhattan.
“He was so open and engaging throughout,” Williams noted. “We educated the younger audience about who he is, and he spoke about his vision,” they added. “It feels rewarding to contribute to the contemporary discourse in this way, knowing we’re making an impact.”
Williams’ journey hasn’t been without challenges, facing harsh criticism as they have become more vocal about their transition. “People are trying to categorize aspects like fashion, makeup, and hair, as if I must adhere to certain stereotypes,” Williams said, referring to online trolls. “While I hope society is becoming more accustomed to the presence of trans individuals, I feel there’s still a narrow, stereotypical vision of what trans identities should look like.”
Yet, Williams has managed to maintain genuine connections, alongside the trials of their journey. They are supported by family and childhood friends, a partner, and acquaintances from TikTok. Outside content creation, they indulge in hobbies like baking and gaming, steering clear of the pressures to monetize their life. “I was working on a birthday cake for a friend later that night,” Williams laughed. “I can recall the color but not the flavor—either red velvet or strawberry!”
While computers have triumphed in chess, go, and poker, humans maintain an edge in competitive coding.
Recently, Polish coder and mind sports champion Przemysław Dębiak narrowly defeated OpenAI participants at the Atcoder World Tour Finals 2025 held in Tokyo. The elite coder, known online as Psyho, anticipates he might be the last to claim such an honorable title due to rapid technological advancements.
“That’s a distinct possibility,” said Psyho, 41, who previously worked at OpenAI before retiring five years ago. “I enjoy these competitions and acknowledge there’s this incredible entity that can challenge me more than I might expect.”
Psyho expresses a certain skepticism regarding his contribution to the decline of his profession.
“Before the competition, I tweeted, ‘Live by the sword, die by the sword,'” he reflected. “I was part of the AI development. Ultimately, I will be the one who loses in this match. For now, I emerged victorious.”
Polish programmer Przemysław Dębiak, alias Psyho. Photo: Provided by Przemysław Dębiak
The Atcoder Euristic Division featured 11 human competitors (invited based on global rankings) and a coding algorithm developed by OpenAI, which secured second place. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman congratulated the participants via Twitter.
The 10-hour competition entails solving intricate optimization challenges. Classic problems in this category include the traveling salesman problem, where participants must determine the shortest routes between multiple cities, visiting each only once. While these challenges are straightforward in concept, finding optimal solutions proves computationally complex. Consequently, ChatGPT is often used for generating boilerplate code, although its effectiveness on open-ended logic problems is regarded as noteworthy.
“Currently, humans excel at inference and tackling complex problems,” Psyho stated. However, humans are constrained by the pace at which they can code, while AI can rapidly explore countless minor adjustments.
“This model essentially allows for cloning a single person multiple times to work in parallel,” he elucidated. “While AI may not be the most intelligent option presently, it is certainly the fastest. In many cases, duplicating an average individual several times might yield better outcomes than relying on one exceptional individual.”
These findings emerge amid major tech companies like Meta and Microsoft increasingly adopting AI for software development. Dario Amodei, CEO of Anthropic, cautioned that AI could displace 20% of white-collar jobs in the upcoming 1 to 5 years, as reported in May.
“Today, nearly every profession faces this challenge,” Psyho commented. “Some individuals are now performing all white-collar tasks. Automation in manual labor, however, still lags a few years behind.”
Like many in the industry, Psyho expresses uncertainty about the implications of increasingly advanced AI models. “We have numerous issues,” he remarked. “Disinformation, social manipulation, and a lack of purpose among people. Historically, societal progress has been slow, but technological advancements are accelerating at an unprecedented pace.”
Just before lunchtime on the third day, the line outside Elon Musk’s newly opened Tesla Diner in Hollywood had swelled to nearly 100 people.
This eatery is described as a “retro-futuristic” drive-in, offering high-end burgers alongside classic films projected on a massive screen while you charge your Tesla.
After much anticipation and debate, the diner suddenly opened on Monday at 4:20 p.m., reminiscent of a humorous quip from a stoner. Hundreds of enthusiasts queued to sample burgers served in cybertruck-shaped boxes and to snap photos of the Optimus robot dishing out popcorn from a sparkling, circular rooftop deck.
However, just two days later, the Tesla Diner experience felt less like a futuristic marvel and more like a lesson in how things can go awry. Various aspects were lacking, and the food was merely average, yet fans continued to form lines and make purchases.
On Wednesday morning, the queue to enter was quite lengthy, partly due to technical difficulties. The app designed for Tesla drivers to order from their vehicles was malfunctioning, leading staff to prioritize Tesla owners who needed to order inside. This caused non-Tesla drivers in the walk-up line to potentially wait 2-3 hours for their meals.
The robot is set to serve popcorn at Tesla Diner in Los Angeles, California, on Tuesday. Photo: Allison Dinner/EPA
We hoped to see some movement in the walk-up line, but only two families of Tesla owners returned to order from their cars. Even with the app’s issues, they would receive their food more quickly. This created a clear hierarchy: while everyone faced difficulties, Tesla owners were buffered from some of them.
For the rest of us, waiting in the hot sun didn’t exactly embody “retrofuturism.” It felt more like a mix of beautiful, Tesla-inspired, modern mid-century architecture combined with slow service. While a Star Trek episode played on a giant screen, the most entertaining sight was the parade of outfitted cybertrucks arriving and leaving. We counted at least six in neon orange with Texas plates riding on grand custom rims. I was documenting my observations on social media, but curiously, I didn’t see any anti-Musk protests planned for later in the week.
‘That’s Reality’
Musk’s special projects often emerge amid some confusion. Most recently, his efforts to disrupt significant portions of the U.S. government resulted in silence alongside the president he supported. He reportedly spent around $300 million on selective initiatives.
While Tesla fans are treated to premium burgers, managing an electric vehicle is considered much simpler than launching a space rocket, creating brain implants, or overseeing a social media platform devoid of hate speech or harassment. Chef Eric Greenspan, who partners with Musk in the diner, has noteworthy culinary credentials, advising businesses like Beast Burger and renowned establishments like Tartine Bakery.
Nevertheless, billionaire CEOs often make grand promises that frequently remain unfulfilled. This seemed to hold true even for the small burger joint.
You don’t need to own a Tesla to enjoy a meal here. Its allure clearly extends beyond Tesla drivers. On Wednesday, many individuals in the walk-up line arrived with young children eager to experience Tesla Diner after seeing it in videos online. While we waited, staff wearing branded shirts served us water and handed out paper menus.
Jake Hook, who operates a “diner theory” social media account focused on Los Angeles, described Tesla Diner’s menu as “eclectic.” It features options that mix “Libs Own the Libs” with “We Are Libs,” offering everything from a “magnificent bacon” dish boasting four types of bacon instead of fries to avocado toast and matcha lattes, even a kale salad served in cardboard cyber trucks. Welcome to Southern California.
Food from Elon Musk’s new Tesla Diner. Photo: Lois Beckett/Guardian
Hook mentioned, “Diners serve as a reflection of the community, and that’s not quite what we’re seeing here. It feels more like a diner-themed restaurant.”
Staff provided an update to diners in the walk-up line, letting them know chicken, waffles, milkshakes, and “recharged soda” with boba and cherries were unavailable.
“It’s getting better and better,” a man behind me sighed.
Josh Bates and his son Phoenix were visiting from Orange County. “We’re major Musk fans,” he stated.
Phoenix, who is 10, was thrilled to visit the diner. “I’ve never seen Elon Musk open a restaurant, so I just wanted to see what the food was like,” he shared.
However, after waiting 20 minutes without moving closer to the counter, Bates chose to look for lunch elsewhere. “It’s an epic opening; things happen,” he remarked. “That’s just how it is. They’re doing their best.”
Bates wasn’t alone in this sentiment. Ivan Daza, 36, a Los Angeles resident, mentioned he had waited two hours the day prior, only to find the Tesla diner kitchen closed. He returned the next day with his 8-year-old daughter, who was particularly eager to see the Optimus robot after watching videos. Unfortunately, it turned out that Optimus was not operational.
Daza expressed surprise at the array of kitchen issues. He expected a “Plan B.” Still, he appreciated the “experience” the diner offered.
The prices, while steep, were reasonable for Los Angeles. A burger, for example, cost $13.50 without fries. He chuckled recounting how long it took him to get his meal: “It was tasty.”
Tesla Diner food is presented in boxes shaped like a cyber truck. Photo: Allison Dinner/EPA
The interior design resembled a blend of Disneyland and fine dining; sparkling chrome, futuristic white chairs, and stunning lighting created an inviting ambiance. A curved staircase leading to a SkyPad showcased robots in a display case, while the actual kitchen appeared surprisingly low-tech behind curved chrome windows.
I stood in line for an entire hour to place my order. Finally reaching the register, I asked the staff what was actually available. She directed me to the screen, stating I would need to check there for options. Contrary to earlier reports, I was indeed able to order both chicken and waffles.
After a prolonged wait outside, my food arrived in about 10 minutes—far shorter than the feared 3-hour wait, yet still unreasonably long for any fast-casual experience. The waffles were disappointingly cold, with a Tesla Lightning Bolt logo, and while the fried chicken had a delicious crust, it too was lukewarm. The kale and tomato salad lacked adequate dressing, tasting oddly of dill. The generic cola tasted cheap and was served with a bamboo straw. That said, the food did come in an elaborate cyber truck box, which was quite fun.
Locals seemed to brush off the initial glitches at the new diner, while some tourists were less forgiving. Rick Ying, 32, visiting Los Angeles from China with his mother, stopped by for a “quick lunch” before heading to the airport, only to find it wasn’t quick at all. Both Yi and Yang expected to see the Optimus robot in action and hoped for a more technologically advanced experience but described it as just a “regular restaurant.”
“It’s okay,” he said while waiting for his meal. Once he finished eating, he stated that he liked the cyber truck box, calling it “the only thing worth it.”
Musk’s “Retrofuturism”
I took my meal to the upper level, Skypad, an outdoor balcony with a view of the recharged Teslas. The Twilight Zone played on two massive screens as I sat near those purchasing Tesla Diner merchandise: a $95 retro diner hoodie, a $65 Tesla salt and pepper shaker, and a $175 “Levitering Cyber Truck” figurine.
A large popcorn machine stood nearby; it seemed like Optimus was serving snacks on opening night. Earlier that morning, I noted Musk’s social media post claiming, “Optimus will deliver food to your car next year,” hinting at the robot potentially donning a “cute” retro outfit.
However, Optimus was nowhere in sight. An employee later informed me, “He’s not here today. Maybe tomorrow.”
A general view of Elon Musk’s new Tesla Diner in Hollywood, California. Photo: Aaronp/Bauer-Griffin/GC Image
“Can I still get popcorn if there’s no robot?” a woman asked.
“It’s probably old popcorn,” the employee regrettably replied.
Another staff member cautioned that I couldn’t take the same staircase I had used to reach Skypad. I will say that it consisted of plain flights of stairs lacking any high-tech embellishments.
Despite the company’s recent revenue and profit declines revealed in Wednesday’s earnings call, Musk touted the diner as a success, calling it “a sparkling beacon of hope amid a gloomy urban landscape.” (It sits near Santa Monica Boulevard, flanked by upscale art galleries.)
While reflecting on the “retrofuturist” experience while standing in line, I contemplated how well it aligned with the conservative political project Musk promotes. This ordinary diner unfolds in a future where electric vehicle delivery expands alongside ongoing public health crises.
To thrive in today’s U.S. landscape, compartmentalization must be exceptionally effective. I lifted the cardboard cyber truck lid, showed my colleagues the Tesla waffles, and continued with my day. There might not be immediate improvements, but hey, at least it was an experience.
Chinese Prime Minister Li Qiang has called for the nation to unite in advancing the development and security of rapidly evolving technologies, following the U.S.’s recent announcement regarding industry registrations.
Speaking at the annual World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC) in Shanghai, Li referred to AI as a fresh engine for economic growth, highlighting the disjointed governance of the technology and advocating for improved international cooperation to establish a universally recognized AI framework.
On Saturday, Li cautioned that the advancement of artificial intelligence must be balanced against security concerns, emphasizing the urgent need for a global consensus.
His statements followed the announcement from President Donald Trump about a proactive low-regulation approach aimed at solidifying control in swiftly evolving sectors. One executive order specifically targeted what the White House termed an “awakening” AI model.
While addressing the World AI Conference, Li stressed the importance of governance and the promotion of open-source development.
“The risks and challenges associated with artificial intelligence have garnered significant attention. Finding a balance between progress and security necessitates a broader consensus from society,” the Prime Minister stated.
Li asserted that China would “actively promote” open-source AI development, expressing willingness to share advancements with other nations, particularly those in the Global South.
The three-day conference positioned AI as a critical battleground, as industry leaders and policymakers from the two largest global economies faced off in a growing technological rivalry between China and the U.S.
Washington has implemented export restrictions on advanced technologies to China, including high-end AI chips from companies like NVIDIA, citing concerns that such technologies could enhance China’s military capabilities.
Although Li did not specifically mention the U.S. in her address, she cautioned that AI could become an “exclusive game” for certain nations and corporations, highlighting issues such as a shortage of AI chips and limitations on the exchange of talent.
As AI is integrated across numerous industries, its applications have raised significant ethical concerns, ranging from misinformation dissemination to employment impacts and the potential for loss of technical oversight.
Earlier this week, news organizations alerted online audiences about the “devastating effects” of AI-generated summaries replacing traditional search results.
The World AI Conference is an annual government-sponsored gathering in Shanghai that typically draws participants from various sectors, including industry players, government representatives, researchers, and investors.
Speakers at the event included ANE Bouverot, the AI envoy for the French President, computer scientist Geoffrey Hinton, known as “The Godfather of AI,” and former Google CEO Eric Schmidt.
Tesla CEO Elon Musk did not participate this year, although he has been a regular speaker at both in-person and video openings in previous years.
The exhibition showcased Chinese tech corporations like Huawei and Alibaba, along with startups such as humanoid robot maker Unitree. Western participants included Tesla, Alphabet, and Amazon.
POriswork often resembles neither a shield nor a duty; it’s primarily focused on documentation, online training, and educating individuals about driver criminal courses. Yet sometimes, reality echoes artistry. In 2020, the International Police infiltrated Encrochat, an encrypted phone network utilized by organized crime groups globally. They had a staggering 74 days of access to all communications, images, and plans involving drug trafficking, money laundering, scams, and homicide. “It was like LinkedIn for organized crime,” remarks Matt Horn, principal commander of the UK’s National Crime Agency (not an actor from Gavin & Stacey).
Operation Dark Phone: Murder by Text (Sunday, 9pm, Channel 4) presents a documentary drama that artfully centers around these messages, providing a gripping insight into how criminal enterprises function. Here, “sweets” refer to bullets, while “pineapple” signifies a homemade projectile. A violent British criminal, known for lying low in Spain, orchestrates a corrosive attack on a rival, even while sharing images of his breakfast: sliced cucumber with paprika—quite the culinary juxtaposition. The advised trick is to ensure the victim can’t reach the sink, allowing the acid to do its grim work. Not so appetizing.
The show is steeped in remarkably dark humor, largely courtesy of usernames like “Click” on an anonymous platform. Names like “Mystical Steaks,” “Worthy Bridges,” and “Top Shags” contain the absurdity akin to Chris Morris’s work. At one point, an agent describes interactions with the user “Livelong” and “Ball-Sniffer,” assuming the latter’s lowly status. Agents in their respective fields navigate through a thrilling narrative. Typically, they handle fewer than 100 explicit life threats in a year, yet during this operation, they intercepted over 150 in just six weeks. Logistically, that poses a challenge.
Detectives had access to criminal messages for 74 days. Photo: Channel 4
The show excels in captivating its audience. The narrative arc introduces well-developed characters and builds tension towards a crescendo. “Ace-Prospect” is seen importing firearms into the UK, while “Livelong” seeks revenge against him. Neither side, connected through intermediaries, knows the identity of the opposing party. The NCA faces a time crunch, often receiving message data a full day late, leading to a relentless race against time. A dilemma arises when an Ace-Prospect hitman mistakenly delivers a “pineapple” to a rival’s garden without it detonating—how do they safeguard the lives of nearby children while upholding their covert mission?
This narrative is far more enticing than traditional Crimewatch formats. Rather than petty criminals, it presents affluent players orchestrating offenses from afar. Is it ethical? Is there a risk of glamorizing crime? The visual portrayal evokes leisure, showcasing luxurious pools, gym-toned physiques, and cinematic weapons. The actor portraying Livelong bears a striking resemblance to Claes Bang and often appears shirtless. Nevertheless, beneath the surface, it’s a moral tale. The text echoes horrifying fantasies: “I’ll take his eyes out and chase him around all the prisons,” reminiscent of an acid-infused nightmare.
Gang members contributed to their own downfall with constant oversharing, boasting, and vanity. Photo: Channel 4
The allure lies not just in the medium but in the underlying message. The downfall of these criminals stems from superficial behavior, incessant sharing, and physical vanity driven by social media pride. Livelong’s identity is ultimately exposed when he posts a triumphant selfie. Just imagine an old-school criminal’s disbelief at this premise; I envision them slapping their foreheads, only to forget to release their fists and knock themselves out.
The criticism leveled at the series arises from the realization that this isn’t mere dramatization—it’s grounded in reality. Part of the critique stems from fear—a reminder to us that there exist individuals who trivialize their lives and revel in violence. Operation Dark Phone is a four-part documentary series providing a harrowing glimpse into police operations, promising even more astounding revelations as the story unfolds. If your faith in humanity feels shaken, you might want to skip this one. Just in case, you might want to avoid supermarket pineapples too.
Parasites transmitted by cats may influence the behavior of nearly half of the global population, leading to riskier behaviors and increased aggression.
A recent review article aggregated various studies to emphasize the significance of considering both mental health and the physical consequences of parasite infections.
Reviews published in Frontiers of Psychiatry focus on the most prevalent parasitic infections affecting humans, particularly Toxoplasma gondii.
These parasites can enhance the production of dopamine, a hormone associated with feelings of pleasure, in the brain.
While increased dopamine may seem beneficial, it actually promotes detrimental behaviors, resulting in poor impulse control, heightened aggression, and an increase in risky sexual practices.
“The societal implications of these findings are significant,” the study notes. “The potential for behavioral modifications due to widespread infections of parasites like T. gondii highlights that such infectious diseases can lead to psychological and social challenges in addition to medical ones.”
“Particularly, the likelihood that these infections can intensify aggressive and impulsive behaviors raises vital considerations for understanding and preventing violence and behavioral disorders.”
It is estimated that 30-60% of the global population may be infected with T. gondii, though rates in the U.S. are significantly lower, around 10%.
Most healthy adults do not exhibit obvious physical symptoms, resulting in many infections going unnoticed.
The ultimate target for T. gondii – the cat’s digestive system. Image source: Getty Images/Artmarie
Cats are primary hosts for these parasites as they reproduce within the cat’s digestive system, forming egg-like structures known as oocysts.
Once cats excrete waste, these oocysts can contaminate the environment, infiltrating soil, water, and vegetation. Other animals, including the prey of cats like birds and rodents, may ingest them.
In a bid to return to a cat’s digestive tract, T. gondii has adapted to manipulate the brain chemistry of these prey species, making them less likely to escape and more likely to be consumed.
Humans primarily contract T. gondii through handling cat feces or consuming undercooked foods. Fortunately, there are simple measures to reduce the risk of infection.
Thoroughly wash your hands, knives, and cutting boards after handling raw food, especially meat.
Ensure that lamb, pork, venison, and other meats are cooked thoroughly.
Thoroughly rinse fruits and vegetables under running water.
Avoid unpasteurized milk and dairy products, especially goat milk.
Wear gloves while gardening.
Exercise caution and wash hands after cleaning the cat’s litter box.
Recent studies indicate that elevated temperatures have led to increased groundwater infiltration, exacerbating drought conditions and accelerating evaporation, thereby significantly decreasing the availability of freshwater.
The concept of “continental aridity” reallocates oceanic water to an extent, outpacing the melting of ice sheets as the primary factor contributing to global sea level rise, according to the research.
Loss of land water can severely affect access to safe drinking water and the ability to cultivate crops in some of the most fertile agricultural areas worldwide.
“We consume a significant amount of water for food production,” stated Jay Famiglietti, a professor at Arizona State University’s School of Sustainability and one of the study’s authors. “If conditions remain unaltered, we anticipate that this will influence food security and overall water availability.”
The findings should be viewed as a primary concern by the public, resource managers, and global decision-makers, the researchers asserted. Research indicates that the identified trends convey a profoundly concerning message regarding the past effects of climate change.
“The continent is becoming drier, freshwater sustainability is diminishing, and the pace of sea level rise is accelerating,” the authors noted.
Published on Friday in the Advances in Journal Science, the study examines shifts in terrestrial water sources, including lakes, subterranean aquifers, and soil moisture over the last two decades. The researchers discovered that various elements, notably climate change, are disrupting Earth’s natural water cycle and complicating its flow between land, oceans, and the atmosphere.
Utilizing data from four NASA satellite suites, researchers analyzed terrestrial water storage modifications over the past 22 years. The satellites are specifically designed to monitor Earth’s water movement, including variations in ice sheets, glaciers, and underground reserves.
For instance, researchers found that arid regions of the world have been rapidly drying since 2014, with these drought-impacted areas expanding annually by regions twice the size of California.
In certain instances, areas experiencing drought have grown into large interconnected “megadry” spaces, as indicated by the research. One such vicinity encompasses Central America, Mexico, California, the southwestern United States, the lower Colorado River basin, and segments of the Southern Plateau.
“The essential takeaway here is that water is indeed a crucial factor influencing changes observed on both land and at sea,” remarked Benjamin Hamlington, a research scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, who was part of the science team facilitating decades of data used in this new investigation.
The study revealed that all major land masses, except Greenland and Antarctica, have witnessed unprecedented dryness since 2002.
This widespread continental aridity is anticipated to have significant ramifications for humanity, with researchers noting that three-quarters of the global population resides in nations where freshwater resources are diminishing.
Simultaneously, rising oceans threaten coastal areas globally, decreasing habitability and increasing vulnerabilities to extreme storms and flooding. In the U.S., severe weather has contributed to insurance crises in coastal cities prone to these extreme events.
The correlation between sea level rise and the depletion of groundwater is a consequence of disrupting the planet’s water cycle. Many of these changes, such as excessive groundwater extraction, are regarded as permanent and could remain irreversible for millennia, according to Alexander Sims, a professor in the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
“When water is extracted from the land, the only viable destination is the ocean,” he explained. “This water then enters the atmosphere, with 88% eventually returning as precipitation on Earth, leading back to the ocean.”
Sims acknowledged that while the study is significant for estimating the global scale of water losses, he harbors doubts about the assertion that these continental water losses outweigh ice sheet melting as the primary contributor to sea level rise.
However, Hamlington emphasized that this study illustrates how the movement of water around the Earth generates substantial ripple effects. It also suggests that further groundwater depletion could diminish freshwater supplies further and exacerbate drought conditions, with implications for the future.
“Monitoring terrestrial water storage is a crucial piece of the puzzle,” he added. “Understanding where that water is moving will aid us in predicting future droughts, floods, and the availability of water resources.”
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Global freshwater resources are dwindling
Intensive extraction, evaporation, and groundwater loss driven by increasing temperatures are causing freshwater to flow from continents into oceans. This poses a significant risk to water supply for a large portion of the global population and contributes to rising sea levels.
Jay Famiglietty from Arizona State University and his team utilized satellite gravity measurements to assess changes in the total volume of water stored on land. This encompasses all types of freshwater, including rivers, underground aquifers, glaciers, and ice sheets.
Their findings reveal an unexpected reduction in freshwater resources across many regions worldwide from 2002 to 2024. Surprisingly, even arid areas are not experiencing increased dryness; the anticipated effects of climate change are extending over 800,000 square kilometers annually.
The researchers pinpointed four major “mega-dry” zones where distinct areas of freshwater depletion converge, leading to widespread aridification. These regions include Northern Canada and Russia, where losses are exacerbated by glacier retreat, thawing permafrost, and diminished snowfall.
In the remaining two regions, groundwater depletion resulting from agriculture is the primary cause of water loss. These areas, which cover much of the Southwestern U.S. and Central America, extend from Western Europe and North Africa to northern India and China. Groundwater depletion is worsened by heat and drought, compelling increased water extraction, which accounts for 68% of the total decline in water reserves.
This extensive water redistribution has become a significant contributor to sea level rise, adding nearly a millimeter to ocean levels each year since 2015, with terrestrial water losses outpacing those from Antarctic and Greenland ice melt.
According to the researchers, these patterns “likely convey a troubling message regarding the earlier effects of climate change.” They argue that “the continent is drying, freshwater resources are diminishing, and sea level rise is accelerating.”
While previous studies have identified these arid trends in specific areas, Manoochehr Shirzaei of Virginia Tech emphasizes that the strength of this research lies in its global perspective. “We’re not generating or losing water; we’re merely redistributing it. Unfortunately, this redistribution isn’t favoring the right areas,” he notes.
“The next step involves conducting a thorough analysis to isolate the factors driving groundwater depletion,” adds Benjamin Cook from Columbia University in New York. “It’s necessary to clarify the distinctions between the narratives of climate change and groundwater depletion.”
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The individuals we associate with may influence our health
Rob Wilkinson/Alamy
Many people in our lives may evoke anxiety instead of happiness. Interestingly, these individuals can actually accelerate the aging process.
Psychologists have long understood that robust social connections can enhance our longevity. A study indicates that social isolation may impact mortality rates as much as obesity and inactivity.
Moreover, the quality of our relationships holds equal significance to their quantity. Research from the University of Utah in 2012 revealed that tumultuous relationships—those marked by intense highs and lows—can accelerate telomere shortening, a protective cap on chromosomes. This shortening is a natural part of aging and is linked to health issues like heart disease.
Recently, Byungkyu Lee from New York University and his team explored a more precise measure of aging, investigating how negative social connections influence small chemical changes in DNA known as methylation marks. These changes illustrate how behavior and environment can alter gene function through epigenetics. “As we age, the patterns of these marks change in predictable ways,” states Lee.
The researchers collected saliva samples for epigenetic analysis from 2,232 individuals, who described their relationships with significant members of their social circles and indicated their experiences on a scale of “Never,” “Rarely,” “Sometimes,” or “Frequently.”
Interestingly, many participants labeled these negative influences as “hustlers.” “Over half of adults report having at least one hustler among their close contacts,” notes Lee.
These people seem to have a considerable effect on an individual’s epigenetic markers, with each hustler linked to approximately a 0.5% increase in biological aging, suggesting that individuals with hustlers in their lives tend to have a biological age that is older than their chronological age.
Negative social ties can induce chronic stress responses, and Lee’s team observed elevated markers in those relationships, leading to immune system damage.
“The biological ramifications of a significant number of hustlers in one’s social network are certainly comparable to the differences seen between smokers and non-smokers,” Lee asserts.
This effect was notably pronounced among hustlers who, paradoxically, provided some form of social support. “The same person who comforts you today may criticize you tomorrow, effectively branding you as bad and causing more physiological harm than a relationship that could potentially offer more stability,” explains Lee.
Alex Haslam from the University of Queensland remarked that the findings “align with other studies exploring these dynamics and underscore the importance of social relationships in relation to health.”
He further suggested that the overall sentiment within a group may influence aging even more than specific individual relationships. “For instance, being part of a book club or a choir may mean that it’s my connection to the entire group that plays a role in my health.”
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