Stunning Insights: What a Genuine Near-Death Experience Truly Feels Like

Posted on April 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

In the intriguing realm of the paranormal, one captivating phenomenon continuously captures interest: the near-death experience (NDE). Many describe encounters with a bright light at the end of a tunnel, vivid life memories flashing by, and even glimpses of the afterlife.

These classic themes are prevalent in movies and TV shows for good reason: studies indicate that individuals genuinely experience such profound visions.

While it’s natural to feel intense fear when facing death, it appears that near-death experiences can lead to unexpected positive outcomes.

Rather than merely terrifying, many individuals report that NDEs catalyze a happier, more fulfilled existence, diminishing their fear of mortality.

So, what influences a near-death experience? What transpires in the brain during these moments? And can one replicate such an experience without actual death?

What is a Near-Death Experience Like?

Although not every near-death experience leads to profound visions, they are generally perceived either positively or negatively.

“Initially, studies on near-death experiences concentrated on the more uplifting instances, but awareness of the negative ones has grown.” said Professor Chris French, a psychologist intrigued by the paranormal, during a BBC Science Focus Instant Genius podcast.

“It’s a rich hallucinatory experience that feels incredibly real—perhaps the most genuine experience I’ve ever had.”

While those who undergo positive experiences typically find it enlightening, individuals facing negative visions often wrestle with lasting trauma, including increased death anxiety. Alarmingly, approximately 1 in 5 NDEs falls into the negative category.

Chris categorizes these adverse experiences into three main types:

The primary category is the positive experience, which can be awe-inspiring and often involves seeing cherished memories, albeit not always in a positive light.
The second category is depicted as Hieronymus Bosch’s hellscape, portraying life and death in a nightmarish vision of torture and suffering in the afterlife.
Finally, the most haunting experience involves nothingness, where individuals face an endless void, drifting without purpose.

During a near-death experience, individuals may visualize the afterlife or perceive themselves moving toward a light – Credit: Getty

While the negative aspects sound alarming, many report uplifting experiences that reaffirm the joys of life.

Common occurrences include feelings of floating outside the body, witnessing their life flash by, and encountering a light at the tunnel’s end.

Those with positive experiences often report sensations like lightness, liberation, and tranquility. Interestingly, even frightening visions can be alleviated by the joy felt during the experience.

Such encounters are linked to an enhanced appreciation for life, fostering positive feelings despite the near-death context.

The Science Behind Near-Death Experiences

But what exactly triggers these near-death experiences? Are they divine visions, or merely windows into the afterlife? Science can’t provide definitive answers, but researchers like French propose some compelling theories.

“Most neuropsychologists argue that these visions stem from the dying brain, which engages in peculiar activities under such circumstances,” French explains.

“It feels incredibly authentic, and while no conclusive explanation exists, this perspective provides the most logical understanding.”

Near-death experiences can be profoundly impactful, with lasting effects, yet scientists propose these visions may simply be hallucinations from a failing brain – Credit: Getty

This phenomenon is characterized by the idea that the body’s multisensory integration becomes compromised. Essentially, the experience is amplified due to the simultaneous activation of various sensory inputs during extreme physiological stress.

Predominantly, this occurs in the right temporoparietal cortex, responsible for integrating sensory data from the visual, auditory, and somatosensory systems.

Notably, individuals don’t require genuine near-death situations to experience this; a strong belief that they’re near death suffices. Although many mysteries still linger regarding NDEs, neuropsychological interpretations remain our best understanding.

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A More Fulfilling Life Post-Near-Death

After experiencing a close brush with death and returning to normalcy, how do individuals navigate their lives?

For many, the experience is transformational. A significant percentage of those who endure a near-death experience express a newfound desire to change their lives.

This transformation, however, isn’t without consequences; post-experience, some individuals may face increased divorce rates, particularly when one partner has undergone an NDE. Others might experience PTSD symptoms, feeling disconnected from life.

Nonetheless, as previously mentioned, many individuals find that near-death experiences elevate their overall well-being, enhancing morality, happiness, and life satisfaction. Some also report increased spiritual confidence.

Many who have encountered such experiences believe they glimpsed the afterlife, leading them to become more spiritual, contemplating themes like reincarnation and other dimensions.

A notable connection among those who undergo these visions is an increase in altruism and reduced materialism, reflecting less interest in wealth accumulation.

In studies of cardiac arrest survivors, those who experienced NDEs displayed decreased fear of death, increased belief in an afterlife, and a heightened sense of life’s purpose, along with greater love and acceptance of others.

While some individuals notice these changes immediately, for others, the transformation may unfold over years.

Some Buddhist monks have reported visions akin to near-death experiences – Credit: Getty

How to Induce a Near-Death Experience Without Dying

While pursuing joy through death is a daunting path, is there a simpler method for experiencing a near-death sensation? Technically, yes. Reports suggest individuals have reached NDE-like states without the fatal aspect.

Some have managed to meditate on near-death experiences. In a study of advanced Buddhist meditators, participants experienced similar sensations without triggering fear of death.

However, these were seasoned monks with over 20 years of meditation expertise, dedicating hours to the practice. Many Buddhist monks have had near-death encounters, suggesting they can comprehend the associated emotions.

Outside of meditation, creating this experience is challenging. For most, the stark fear of dying prompts such an experience. If meditation isn’t part of one’s life, one would have to confront either actual death or the perception of imminent death… Perhaps meditation is indeed the most viable path.

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Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Transforming Racism Through a Humane Genomics Curriculum – Sciworthy

Posted on April 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Scientists, policymakers, and community leaders are actively working to combat racism within our society. Although initiatives aimed at supporting victims and penalizing perpetrators of racial violence have had some success, they often fall short of addressing the fundamental causes of racism. The complexity of eradicating racism stems from its deep-rooted origins, learned through education, family influences, and societal narratives.

A significant hurdle is the widespread misconception that race is a biological construct, rather than a social one. This misunderstanding is perpetuated by our education system, which frequently simplifies genetics, emphasizing the influence of individual genes on a person’s characteristics.

This reductionist approach can lead students to adopt a binary view of genetics, overlooking the intricacies involved in the inheritance of physical traits. For instance, research has shown that early life experiences can affect the genes responsible for stress regulation.

Previous studies

indicate that when students learn that a single gene can dictate disease, they tend to generalize this idea to all human differences, including race. Although educators have sought to eliminate race-related terminology in genetic lessons, the core messages and student perceptions often remain unchanged.

Researchers, led by Brian Donovan, are addressing this issue by implementing a new paradigm for teaching genetic complexity, referred to as
humane genomics
. This innovative approach emphasizes the interplay between environmental factors and genetic expression, illustrating how social and environmental contexts significantly contribute to the diversity among racial groups.

To evaluate their framework, the team engaged over 1,000 students from 14 high schools and one middle school across six states: Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, New Jersey, and Massachusetts. Each participating school had a biology educator who underwent 40 hours of training on how to integrate humane genomics with their existing curriculum. In half of the classes, the genetics unit preceded the humane genomics unit; in the remaining classes, these units were taught in the opposite order.

Students completed surveys both before and after the lessons. These questionnaires assessed their foundational knowledge in genetics and genomics, perceptions about racism, and insights gained from the lessons. Results showed that students who learned through the humane genomics framework were 24% less likely to attribute racial differences to genetic factors compared to those who learned strictly genetics. Moreover, 50% of students exposed to humane genomics reported a better understanding of how environmental influences impact human genetics.

The findings suggest that pedagogical approaches to genetics education can significantly shape students’ beliefs and understanding of race in the United States. However, the authors advise caution in generalizing these outcomes to other regions. Furthermore, additional teacher training is necessary for effectively delivering this innovative curriculum, resulting in both financial and temporal investments.

Despite these challenges, the research team aims to catalyze improvements in genetics education, with the hope that fostering informed perspectives among youth can lead to transformative societal changes.

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Source: sciworthy.com

Understanding How Dreams Become More Emotional and Symbolic Near the End of Life

Posted on April 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

People frequently report seeing bright lights during near-death experiences. This symbolism of transition is also prevalent in dreams as we approach life’s end.

Kirill Ryzhov/Alamy

Bright light symbolism in end-of-life experiences — People frequently report seeing bright lights during near-death experiences. This symbolism of transition is also prevalent in dreams as we approach life’s end.

Kirill Ryzhov/Alamy

Dying patients under palliative care often experience vivid dreams that feature deceased loved ones or symbols representing transition. Healthcare professionals observe that these dreams provide comfort and alleviate fears surrounding death.

Elisa Ravitti from the Regional Network of Palliative Care in Reggio Emilia, Italy, emphasizes that these end-of-life dreams “offer psychological comfort and meaning to those confronting their mortality.”

Ravitti led a survey involving 239 palliative care specialists—including doctors, nurses, and psychologists—focusing on the dreams reported by terminally ill patients.

Among the most prevalent dreams were encounters with deceased family members or pets. One notable example includes a woman who dreamt of her late husband reassuring her, “I’m waiting for you.” Such dreams fostered peace of mind and helped individuals come to terms with their mortality, as noted by Ravitti and her team.

Other dreams featured symbols like doors, stairs, and lights. One patient described a journey towards an open door radiating white light, suggesting a coping mechanism to explore the transition from life to death, according to the study’s authors.

Most individuals expressed feelings of “peace” and “comfort” regarding these end-of-life dreams and visions; only about 10 percent reported distressing experiences, such as one woman who dreamed of a monster bearing her mother’s face dragging her down.

Dr. Christopher Kerr of Hospice Buffalo in New York conducted a study revealing that terminally ill patients frequently dream of deceased loved ones, with such occurrences increasing as death approaches. His research indicates that “it’s not random who comes to you; it’s the individuals who have always loved you and kept you safe.” Dr. Kerr’s findings also suggest that dreams related to “preparing for departure” are common, with patients often describing visions of packing or riding a bus.

End-of-life dreams and visions have the potential to “reunite individuals,” Dr. Kerr notes. He recalls a poignant moment with a 70-year-old woman who cradled an invisible baby during a vision of her stillborn first child, signaling a source of solace for her painful loss. “Many veterans express their wounds and burdens through these end-of-life dreams,” Dr. Kerr remarked.

Dr. Kerr attributes the increasing frequency of dreams and visions as death nears to the concept of death as “a progressive sleep.” “Patients exist in a state between wakefulness and sleep, enhancing the vividness and realism of their dreams; often, they affirm that these experiences feel genuine rather than merely dreams.”

While we often perceive the end of life as a bleak experience, “our instinctual survival mechanisms respond to threats,” asserts Dr. Kerr. However, he notes that the final weeks of terminal illness can be filled with love and meaning, allowing patients to “inevitably come to terms with their situation.” He adds that one of the most remarkable aspects observed is a pronounced absence of fear.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Your Guide to Catching the Lyrid Meteor Shower Tonight

Posted on April 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Lyrid Meteor Shower Streaking Through the Night Sky

Adventure_Photography/Getty Images

The Lyrid meteor shower will peak on the evening of April 22nd and early morning of April 23rd, but it can be observed anytime from April 16th to 25th. New Scientist‘s expert stargazers share insights on what to watch for. Listen to the audio below or find it in the podcast episode feed: The World, the Universe, and Us.

Meteors form when high-velocity debris from space collides with Earth’s atmosphere. These minuscule particles ignite due to the friction with air, creating brilliant flashes across the night sky.

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As Earth makes its annual journey around the sun, it intersects clouds of dust and debris left by comets and asteroids, boosting the number of meteors sighted. This cyclical pattern is what allows meteor showers to recur at similar times each year.

The Lyrid meteor shower is attributed to the long-period comet C/1861 G1, also known as Thatcher. Discovered in 1861, Thatcher completes its orbit every 415 years and is expected to return to our solar system around 2278.

To observe a meteor shower, you don’t need to focus on a specific area of the sky. Each meteor is named after the constellation from which it appears to radiate—in this case, the constellation Lyra, located in the Northern Hemisphere and home to the bright star Vega.

If you’re situated in the Northern Hemisphere, keep an eye out for the constellation Lyra. Although not visible from the Southern Hemisphere, meteors can shoot across the sky in any direction, so facing east may yield sightings of shooting stars.

Lyra will be visible in the east shortly after sunset in the Northern Hemisphere. For optimal meteor viewing, it’s best to keep an eye on the sky as it starts to darken; however, the closer you get to dawn, the brighter the sky will become.

One effective way to locate Lyra is by identifying the Summer Triangle, a prominent asterism formed by three bright stars that appear overhead around midnight during the Northern Hemisphere’s summer. In late April, at midnight, these stars will rise near the eastern horizon, with Vega being the highest and located within Lyra.

Regardless of the sky’s clarity, you could catch sight of 10 to 18 meteors per hour during the Lyrid meteor shower.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Concerns Rise Over National Weather Service Changes Amid Sudden Tornadoes in Kansas

Posted on April 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

The unpredicted tornado in Kansas follows a similarly dramatic event in Michigan last month, where no tornado watch was issued in southern Michigan, tragically resulting in four fatalities. Nevertheless, the National Weather Service (NWS) did issue a warning indicating that a tornado was imminent.

Democratic Senators from Michigan, Gary Peters and Elissa Slotkin, sent a letter to NWS Director Ken Graham raising critical questions. They inquired about the absence of tornado watches, the possibility of staffing shortages influencing these decisions, and how the NWS plans to enhance its future tornado warnings. A spokesperson stated that the NWS responded directly to the senators but did not disclose the details to NBC News.

In light of ongoing staffing shortages, the NWS has taken measures to reinforce its operations, yet external meteorologists argue that the repercussions are still felt.

“It wasn’t something that was solved overnight,” noted meteorologist Baguskie. “Considering what we see in the atmosphere, it’s clear that the issues still persist. Any severe weather day raises concerns, especially since the peak of tornado season typically occurs from late April to May.”

Buildings damaged in Ottawa on Tuesday following a severe storm.
Nick Ingram/Associated Press

Forecasters at the NWS office in Kansas City assessed the atmosphere on Monday as “unstable,” aware that the storm could intensify. Despite this, meteorologists believed a tornado formation was unlikely.

Meteorologist Brad Temeyer explained, “There was a strong possibility we wouldn’t experience any rain or thunderstorms. The conditions appeared perfect for nothing to happen. Yet, when the tornado did occur, it had a significant impact.”

Temeyer mentioned that authorities conducted a survey of the tornado damage on Tuesday.

“Thankfully, there were no serious injuries or fatalities reported. We evaluated the situation, and residents had adequately prepared for the possibility of a tornado, evacuating when the warning was provided,” he shared.

Brian LaMarr, who was the meteorologist-in-charge for Weather Consultants at NWS in Tampa Bay, Florida, reviewed forecasting models for Monday, focusing on data before and after the delayed release of weather balloons.

LaMarr found that initial models did not indicate any thunderstorm risk around southwest Kansas City; however, upon incorporating balloon data, the models began to predict clusters of thunderstorms. Further investigation is required to determine whether this change resulted from the added balloon data.

“We need a thorough investigation to understand why the risks weren’t identified. What critical details were overlooked?” he argued.

The Midwest may experience more severe weather, as the Storm Prediction Center forecasts a risk of severe thunderstorms extending into the weekend.

“We urge everyone to remain vigilant,” Temeyer advised citizens in the Kansas City area.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Why Cloning Anyone, Including Jim Carrey, is Not the Best Idea

Posted on April 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Explore the latest science news and in-depth articles from New Scientist, covering technology, health, and the environment.

Feedback is New Scientist Your go-to source for the latest in science and technology news. For story suggestions or feedback, please email feedback@newscientist.com.

Exploring Celebrity Clones

If the Internet is to be believed (which it often isn’t), numerous celebrities may have been replaced by clones.

The latest body snatcher claims involved actor Jim Carrey, known for his role in Ace Ventura: Pet Detective. Carrey made a surprising appearance at the 51st Cesar Awards on February 26, leading to speculation about changes in his appearance. While aging and cosmetic surgery might explain this, conspiracy theories suggest he could be a clone.

This isn’t the first time rumors have circulated about celebrity replacements; Paul McCartney and Avril Lavigne are among those purportedly replaced as well. One might wonder how those behind these alleged abductions remain undetected.

Upon reviewing the logistics of cloning a star like Carrey, we must note that, as of now, no one has been successful in cloning a human. Yet, for argument’s sake, let’s envision an illicit cloning lab hidden within Hollywood.

To clone Carrey, we’d likely gather his cells from a film set such as the upcoming Sonic the Hedgehog 4. However, if we were to succeed, it would take over six decades for the clone to reach his current appearance—assuming he reaches the advanced age of 128!

And what if we take a page from science fiction like Star Trek: Nemesis, where villains try to clone Captain Picard? They discovered that even when genetically engineered to expedite aging, cloning doesn’t yield perfect results.

All these scenarios raise concerns about the practical feasibility of celebrity cloning.

Innovative Lunch Experiences

Feedback isn’t your traditional food critic; instead, we thrive on uncovering the absurdities and intricacies in the culinary world. Fine dining may serve beautifully plated dishes, but where’s the enjoyment in that?

A fascinating new trend is “acoustic seasoning,” applying carefully chosen sounds to elevate the dining experience based on sensory science. This concept explores the interplay among different senses, revealing how sounds can enhance or diminish our taste perception.

Chris Sims highlights a study from researchers at the University of Oxford, aiming to identify undiscovered sound-taste pairings. It’s intriguing that the sound evoking a “metallic taste” was identified as that of a theremin, the touchless electronic instrument common in vintage sci-fi.

We initially thought this explained why the iconic Star Trek theme evokes a metallic flavor for us, but our investigation revealed no theremin usage in that recording—merely a quirk of our perception.

With newfound curiosity, Feedback wanders off in search of the perfect sounds to accompany leftover pizza.

Nominative Determinism in Science

Reader Richard Black sent us an intriguing connection regarding nominative determinism. While reading Chanda Prescod Weinstein’s column on galaxies, he discovered an article by astronomer Simon Smith about a newly identified star cluster named Ursa Major III, located in the Ursa Major constellation.

Richard noted the amusing link to Alan Price’s “Simon Smith and the Amazing Dancing Bear,” pondering if this is an example of nominative determinism or merely a rich web of connections.

We also received a highlight from reader Richard Bartlett, who pointed out that the Leicester City women’s football coach is named Rick Passmoor.

Do you have a story for Feedback?

Email your contributions to Feedback at feedback@newscientist.com, and don’t forget to include your home address. You can find the latest and past articles on our website.

Source: www.newscientist.com

This Week’s Must-Read Articles: Enrich Your Soul with Emma Chapman on Radio Universe

Posted on April 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

ALMA, Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array, Chile

ESO/C. Marine

Antenna of the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile — ALMA, Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array, Chile

ESO/C. Marine

Radio Universe
by Emma Chapman
John Murray

At the age of 16, Albert Einstein imagined racing alongside rays of light, an idea that laid the groundwork for his renowned theory of special relativity. Now, physicist Emma Chapman invites readers to embark on their own journey through the cosmos with her upcoming book, Radio Universe: How to Explore Space Without Leaving Earth (American title: Echoing Universe), set to be released on May 19th.

Chapman’s exploration of light signals provides an understanding of how radio telescopes communicate with the universe. “The universe already speaks the language of light,” she states, guiding readers into the world of radio astronomy.

Light, as an electromagnetic wave, varies across wavelengths. While ultraviolet (UV) light has shorter wavelengths than visible light, radio waves—Chapman’s specialty—have much longer wavelengths, enabling them to traverse vast distances. This characteristic gives radio telescopes the capability to observe deeper into space, effectively operating day and night. According to Chapman, these versatile machines can trace signals from our Moon to potential alien habitats.

Radio Universe is structured into three sections: the solar system, the galaxy, and the universe, each delving into how radio waves propagate. The first chapter reveals how radio waves were used to communicate during humanity’s lunar explorations, emphasizing the pivotal role of radio in modern space research.

One notable chapter focuses on Venus, a planet so hostile that conventional light-based observation methods are ineffective. However, radio waves bridge the gap, allowing scientists to ‘see’ this otherwise obscured environment.

Subsequent chapters illustrate how radio astronomy has contributed to iconic black hole images, gravitational wave detection, and exoplanet discoveries.

In discussing the search for extraterrestrial life, Chapman emphasizes that “contact via radio signals is more probable than an invasion,” suggesting that radio waves serve as the primary medium for interstellar communication.

“
The psychic powers of radio waves are communicating with an otherwise unperceivable environment.
“

Chapman’s book also addresses dark matter and dark energy, two of the universe’s biggest enigmas. While these substances dominate the cosmos, they remain difficult to detect directly. However, radio telescopes can infer their presence, such as tracing radiation from interstellar hydrogen gas to map dark matter’s location.

Throughout the book, Chapman’s accessible and engaging writing resonates with readers. As she describes Mercury’s swift orbit around the sun, the sensation of its rapid movements is felt, making her explanations relatable. Her exploration of the asteroid belt not only teaches radio astronomy but also offers insights into classic astronomical concepts, akin to learning from a knowledgeable companion.

The book concludes with an appendix detailing various radio telescopes that readers can visit as tourists.

While Chapman exudes enthusiasm about commercial space ventures including Mars colonization, there are some areas where her optimism may overlook critical discussions about the implications of private space exploration. Addressing the potential conflicts between scientific and commercial interests on the Moon, she questions whether researchers aiming to place telescopes there will face opposition from those driven by profit.

Moreover, her narrative largely highlights American and British contributions to radio astronomy, overlooking significant advancements made in countries like Puerto Rico and Chile, which are home to some of the world’s most important radio telescopes.

Ultimately, Chapman conveys a powerful message: our universe is never silent. “Surrounded by radio waves,” she explains, “we just need to close our eyes and listen.”

The next time I gaze at the night sky, even beneath urban lights, I will remember to follow her advice and listen intently.

Two More Recommended Books on Astronomy

Fear of a Black Universe: An Outsider’s Guide to the Future of Physics
By Stephon Alexander

In this compelling narrative, Alexander weaves together his journey as a practicing cosmologist with reflections on his life experiences as a black man, drawing inspiration from diverse influences, including art and spirituality. Feynman diagrams and personal anecdotes coalesce to create a captivating story about the universe.

The Disordered Cosmos: A Journey into Dark Matter, Spacetime & Dreams Deferred
By Chanda Prescod Weinstein

Chanda Prescod Weinstein ingeniously intertwines the scientific with the personal in this compelling narrative. As a columnist for New Scientist, she delivers not only detailed descriptions of phenomena like dark matter but also insightful critiques of the sociopolitical factors influencing scientific discourse. The book highlights the significance of consent and representation in the scientific community, emphasizing that rigorous science extends beyond mere observation.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Concerns Rise Over Blood Transfusions from COVID-19 Vaccinated Donors

Posted on April 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Donated blood typically comes from anonymous volunteers and is meticulously tested for safety.

Getty Images

Blood Donation Image — Donated blood typically comes from anonymous volunteers and is meticulously tested for safety.

Getty Images

Hospitals across the U.S. are facing an unprecedented demand from patients needing blood transfusions: specifically, blood from donors who are not vaccinated against COVID-19. This request has led to treatment delays and even life-threatening reactions in some cases.

“These requests are often fueled by misinformation regarding vaccine safety and blood supplies, rather than justifiable concerns regarding blood transfusions,” explains Dr. Jeremy Jacobs at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville. “It’s crucial to understand that local blood supplies are rigorously regulated and tested, and there’s no evidence that using unvaccinated blood makes transfusions safer.”

Jacobs and his team examined blood donations at the Vanderbilt Center from January 2024 to December 2025. They discovered that 15 patients, or their relatives, expressed a desire to donate blood directly if it came from a known, unvaccinated source, typically a family member, rather than the usual blood bank.

In the UK and Australia, direct donations are typically reserved for exceptional cases, such as when the blood type is rare and no suitable blood bank donors are available. While the U.S. allows this practice more freely, guidelines can vary significantly between centers.

The study revealed that all 15 patients sought blood donations specifically from donors they knew were unvaccinated, largely as a reaction to concerns surrounding COVID-19. However, blood banks do not record or communicate the vaccination status of anonymized donors.

These requests have delayed necessary treatments and jeopardized patient health. In extreme cases, a patient’s hemoglobin levels may drop to critical thresholds, risking organ damage. Another patient faced anemia as a result.

“Direct blood donations involve more operational complexity than traditional blood supply methods,” Jacobs warns. “They necessitate additional coordination, collection, processing, tracking, and timing.”

While blood is thoroughly tested before transfusion, direct donations can also present a heightened risk of infection. This is often due to these donations being one-time events, as opposed to being sourced from repeat donors who are familiar to the blood bank and who may maintain better safety protocols.

The rate of direct blood donations surged during the HIV/AIDS crisis of the 1980s and early 1990s, and again during the COVID-19 pandemic as mRNA vaccines were introduced. These vaccines work by introducing a segment of the SARS-CoV-2 genetic code, prompting the individual’s cells to generate a protein that triggers an immune response. This prepares the immune system to combat SARS-CoV-2 if infection occurs.

Despite numerous studies validating the safety and efficacy of these vaccines, misinformation continues to falsely associate them with infertility and a range of other health concerns. Conspiracy theories have even misrepresented these vaccines as containing microchips or altering DNA.

In a 2025 study, it was confirmed that blood donations from individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 are safe. “The increased demand for unvaccinated blood reflects a pervasive uncertainty surrounding vaccines among certain population segments, rather than any substantiated transfusion risk,” states Dr. Ash Toye at the University of Bristol, UK.

This issue is not exclusive to Vanderbilt Center; the Welsh Blood Service reported a similar trend last year: Patients are requesting information about blood donors’ vaccination statuses. A proposal for legislation addressing this matter was rejected in the UK, and in Oklahoma, lawmakers have suggested requiring access to unvaccinated blood supplies: Access to unvaccinated blood.

“These requests illustrate the tangible consequences of misinformation on patients, hospitals, and blood donation efforts,” Jacobs emphasizes. “At the same time, it highlights the necessity to address patient concerns with empathy and understanding, even when those concerns lack supporting evidence.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Giant Echidnas Once Roamed Victoria, Australia: Fossil Discoveries Unveiled

Posted on April 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Australian echidna fossils are exceptionally rare and show an uneven distribution across time and geography. In a recent study, published in The Alcheringa, Australian Journal of Paleontology, paleontologists detailed parts of a skull belonging to Owen’s giant echidna (Megalibgwilia oweni), discovered in southeastern Australia. This specimen, found at Foul Air Cave in the Buchan Caves Reserve, East Gippsland, marks the first evidence of an extinct species in Victoria, which was previously unrepresented in the fossil record.

Restoration of Owen’s Giant Echidna (Megalibgwilia owenii). Image credit: Chris Edser.

First highlighted in the 1990s, Megalibgwilia owenii reached lengths of up to 1 meter and weighed around 15 kg.

This species’ absence in Victoria was notable, especially given its identified presence across Australia, from Western Australia to Tasmania and southern New South Wales.

The newly described specimens help bridge this gap, indicating a potentially more continuous range for the species than previously documented.

This fossil includes a fragment of a skull and is part of the Museum Victoria Paleontology Collection.

Dr. Tim Ziegler, the collections manager for vertebrate palaeontology at Museums Victoria Research Institute, discovered this specimen in 2021 and utilized historical archives to confirm its recovery from a 1907 expedition to Foulair Cave, led by museum staff and naturalist Frank Spry.

“Museum collections serve as a link between science, heritage, and communities,” Dr. Ziegler noted.

“Over a century ago, Spry, alongside scientists and local residents, explored the Buchan caves using only ropes and kerosene lamps, inspiring us to continue this vital research.”

Dr. Ziegler and Deakin University student Jeremy Lockett emphasized that this discovery underscores the importance of reevaluating historical collections, as they can yield new insights long after specimens were first collected.

Further exploration of museum collections and fossil remains is crucial for enhancing our understanding of ancient echidna diversity and their distribution during the Quaternary period.

“Previous research by Museums Victoria has demonstrated that Buchan Caves hold an exceptional record of Australia’s ancient megafauna, including species such as Simosthenurus occidentalis and the giant marsupial Parokestes azael,” Dr. Ziegler added.

“The next remarkable find may arise from within a museum, through ongoing fieldwork, or from the discerning eyes of citizen scientists. We eagerly anticipate future discoveries.”

_____

Tim Ziegler and Jeremy Lockett. First Victorian record of Owen’s giant echidna Megalibgwilia oweni from Buchan Caves, East Gippsland, Australia. The Alcheringa, published online on April 13, 2026. doi: 10.1080/03115518.2026.2643598

Source: www.sci.news

Revolutionary Method Proposed by Astronomers to Detect Alien Life Without Knowing Its Appearance

Posted on April 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Introducing a groundbreaking “agnostic biosignature” method that detects patterns across exoplanets, indicating the potential to identify extraterrestrial life through its impact on entire planetary systems.

Harrison B. Smith and Lana Sinapayen utilized agent-based models to propose that if life spreads among star systems and modifies planets’ observable features, it could yield strong life signatures with minimal false positives. Image credit: Sci.News.

The quest for extraterrestrial life remains one of the foremost challenges in modern science.

In addition to artificially recreating the origins of life on Earth, researchers focus on planets both within and beyond our solar system.

Realistically, only a handful of locations within our planetary system offer viable prospects for finding extraterrestrial life.

Beyond our solar system, the possibilities are vast, yet they come with challenges. This makes it difficult to accurately link exoplanet characteristics to the presence of extraterrestrial life.

Conventional spectral biosignatures are prone to false positives, while technosignatures, though more reliable, require strong assumptions about the nature of life and its technology.

“We explored an innovative concept: what if we could detect life not by examining individual planets but by observing collective effects across multiple planets?” explained Dr. Harrison Smith from the Tokyo Institute of Science and Dr. Lana Sinapayen from the National Institute for Basic Biology.

In their recent paper published in Astrophysical Journal, the authors present the “agnostic biosignature,” a novel method that does not rely on detailed knowledge of life forms or their functions.

This approach is built on two foundational assumptions: that life can spread between planets (e.g., through panspermia) and that it can alter planetary environments over time.

The researchers employed agent-based simulations to model the spread of life through star systems and its effect on planetary characteristics.

They discovered that longer-lived life forms, which influence planetary environments, yield detectable statistical correlations between planetary locations and observable features.

Notably, these correlations emerge without needing to identify the specific biosignatures of each planet.

Scientists have devised a method to not only detect the existence of life but also to discern which planets are most likely to harbor it.

By clustering planets based on observable traits and spatial relationships, they could identify groups of planets likely affected by life.

This strategy emphasizes reliability over completeness; even if a life-hosting planet is overlooked, false positives are minimized.

This method is particularly valuable for determining follow-up observations when telescope time is constrained.

“By concentrating on the dynamics of how life spreads and interacts with its environment, we can explore life without needing a perfect definition or a singular unmistakable signal,” Dr. Smith stated.

“Regardless of whether life elsewhere differs fundamentally from life on Earth, large-scale impacts such as planetary dispersal or modification can still create detectable traces, making this approach intriguing,” Dr. Sinapayen added.

_____

Harrison B. Smith and Lana Sinapien. 2026. Agnostic biosignatures based on panspermia and terraforming modeling. APJ 1001, 102; doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae4ee3

Source: www.sci.news

How Mercury’s Sulfur-Rich Magma Could Change Our Understanding of the Formation of the Solar System’s Innermost Planet

Posted on April 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

New research from Rice University reveals that sulfur plays a crucial role in maintaining the cool, molten interior of Mercury, offering fresh insights into the evolution of the planet’s unique crust and mantle.

Yishen Zhang and Rajdeep Dasgupta shed light on sulfur’s influence in shaping the thermochemical evolution of Mercury and similar reduced rocky planets. Image credit: NASA / Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory / Carnegie Institution of Washington.

“Mercury’s surface is distinctly different from Earth’s,” explains Rajdeep Dasgupta, director of the Center for Planetary Origins and Habitability at the Rice Institute for Space Studies.

“Relying on Earth-based assumptions to study Mercury’s igneous evolution is inadequate, and mission data presents interpretation challenges.”

“We needed a way to replicate Mercury’s conditions in the lab using a meteorite known as Indarch.”

The Indarch meteorite, which fell in Azerbaijan in 1891, mirrors Mercury’s chemical composition closely.

Researchers leveraged the similarities with Indarch to investigate Mercury’s formation, publishing their findings in a recent paper.

“Indarch is chemically as reduced as Mercury’s rocks,” stated Yishen Zhang, a postdoctoral fellow at Rice University.

“It may even provide clues regarding Earth’s building blocks.”

Using the model melt composition from Indarch, scientists created a synthetic version of Mercury rock in a high-pressure, high-temperature environment.

The procedure was quite straightforward: they combined Indarch’s chemical components in small glass vessels, adjusted the facility to mimic Mercury’s conditions, added chemicals, and initiated the cooking process.

“This rock-cooking technique reveals the chemical processes occurring within Mercury,” Zhang remarked.

“By employing temperature, pressure, and chemical parameters derived from spacecraft observations, we aim to recreate Mercury-like conditions to enhance our understanding of magma formation and evolution—even without direct samples from the planet.”

The researchers discovered that sulfur reduces the temperature at which these molten, reduced rocks crystallize.

This indicates that Mercury’s sulfur-rich magma remains molten at lower temperatures compared to Earth’s similar magma.

The significant drop in crystallization temperature is attributed to Mercury’s unique chemical profile: low iron, high sulfur, and its chemically reduced state.

Sulfur is a versatile element, typically bonding with other elements, predominantly iron.

In iron-rich planets like Mars and Earth, sulfur is mostly attached to iron. However, Mercury’s low iron content allows sulfur to seek out new partners.

Specifically, sulfur can bond with key rock-forming elements such as magnesium and calcium.

On Earth, these rock-forming elements typically combine with oxygen to form stable structures known as silicate networks, made up of silicon, oxygen, and these elements.

Nonetheless, when sulfur replaces oxygen in this network, the structure becomes weaker, leading to lower crystallization temperatures.

“Since Indarch may represent a protoplanetary state of Mercury, our experiments suggest that sulfur likely occupied a structural role typically held by oxygen on Earth. This fundamentally alters the crystallization behavior of Mercury’s mantle,” noted Zhang.

“This provides fascinating insights into Mercury’s evolution and the distinct chemistry of its surface,” remarked Professor Dasgupta.

“More critically, it enables us to consider planetary formation in terms of their unique chemistries and igneous dynamics under various conditions.”

“Sulfur influences Mercury similarly to how water and carbon influence magma evolution on Earth.”

The findings are published in the journal Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta.

_____

Yishen Zhang and Rajdeep Dasgupta. Effects of sulfur on the near-liquid phase relationships of highly reduced basaltic melts and implications for Mercury’s magmatism. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta published online on February 26, 2026. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2026.02.034

Source: www.sci.news

Big-Nosed Herbivorous Dinosaurs: Evidence of Their Picky Eating Habits

Posted on April 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Recent research reveals fascinating insights into the large-bodied ornithopod dinosaur Muttaburrasaurus langdoni. This unique herbivore thrived in Australia during the mid-Cretaceous period, showcasing features like a toothed beak and a well-developed olfactory brain, suggesting a combination of selective feeding and agile behavior. This discovery indicates that Muttaburrasaurus langdoni lived near expansive inland seas, surviving by consuming salt-tolerant plants and potentially small animals.

Muttaburrasaurus langdoni. Image credit: Matt Hahn.

Muttaburrasaurus langdoni existed approximately 96 million years ago near the Eromanga Sea in what is now modern-day Australia.

The holotype specimen was discovered in 1963 by Doug Langdon, a local lawn mower, near Muttaburra in central-west Queensland.

This dinosaur is among the most complete ornithopod skeletal fossils from the ancient Gondwana supercontinent and serves as a fossil icon for Queensland.

A recent study led by University of New England paleontologist Matthew Hahn explored different aspects of the Earth, focusing on the skull of a new Muttaburrasaurus langdoni specimen.

“Our findings challenge prior assumptions about this bumpy-nosed species, Queensland’s fossil symbol,” Dr. Hearn stated.

“A noteworthy discovery was that Muttaburrasaurus langdoni had teeth at the tip of its nose, which was unexpected since the species was believed to have a toothless beak, akin to well-known plant-eaters like Iguanodon and the duck-billed hadrosaurids primarily found in Europe and the northern hemisphere.”

“Typically, ornithischian dinosaurs of this size possess toothless, beak-like snouts, as seen in Triceratops,” he added.

“This Australian dinosaur, however, had teeth in its beak, likely making it a selective feeder.”

Equipped with a narrow toothed beak, Muttaburrasaurus langdoni likely targeted specific leaves, seeds, and even invertebrates to enhance its dietary diversity.

This discovery implies that Muttaburrasaurus langdoni evolved from an early branch of ornithopods like Camptosaurus and Iguanodon, all of which initially possessed toothed beaks.

This new evidence refines our understanding of the dinosaur tree of life.

“Using advanced techniques, we were able to extract brain traces from the skull and inner ear,” noted Professor Vera Weisbecker from Flinders University.

“We observed that its inner ear structure was more similar to the bipedal dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex than those adapted for a quadrupedal lifestyle.”

“This suggests that Muttaburrasaurus langdoni might have been a large herbivore capable of walking or running on its hind legs, while using its forearms for support while foraging close to the ground.”

Researchers also discovered that the distinctive “bulb-like” shape of the Muttaburrasaurus langdoni‘s nose consisted of entirely new bones not seen in other dinosaurs.

“The identification of this new bone structure was exciting, revealing two significant, complex air chambers that likely slowed down the airflow when breathing,” Dr. Hahn explained.

“Thus, we suspect that they had an exceptional sense of smell, aiding in locating food, detecting predators, or navigating their environment.”

“This nasal feature aligns with the remarkably large olfactory bulb, the largest known in any dinosaur, which is responsible for processing smell.”

“Utilizing advanced CT scanning, neutron scattering, and synchrotron techniques allowed us to create a detailed 3D digital model of the jaw and teeth,” remarked Dr. Joseph Bevitt, a researcher at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO).

The findings are detailed in a study published in the online journal PeerJ.

_____

MC Hearn et al. 2026. Cranial anatomy, paleoneurology, paleontology, stratigraphic age of large ornithopods: Muttaburrasaurus langdoni Bartholomai and Molnar, 1981, Middle Cretaceous Australia. PeerJ 14: e20794; doi: 10.7717/peerj.20794

Source: www.sci.news

Neanderthal Infants: Much Larger Than Modern Human Babies

Posted on April 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Exploring the Neanderthal Family Reconstruction

P. Prairie/E. Daines/Science Photo Library

Recent research indicates that Neanderthal infants were likely physically smaller than their homo sapiens counterparts. A study analyzing the remains of an ancient Neanderthal infant supports this finding.

“We still have limited knowledge about the developmental milestones of Neanderthal babies,” explains Ella Bean, a researcher at Ono Academic College, Israel. “We don’t understand if their milestones, like walking, differed from modern humans,” she adds, noting that while they were larger than expected, they were “not necessarily chubby.”

Bean and her team conducted an in-depth anatomical study of a nearly complete Neanderthal skeleton discovered in Israel, dating back approximately 51,000 to 56,000 years.

The infant, dubbed Amdo 7, was excavated in 1992, about 4 kilometers from the western shores of the Sea of Galilee in Israel. Its sex remains undetermined, making Amdo 7 one of the rare young Neanderthals documented.

Neanderthals thrived as the predominant human species across Eurasia for hundreds of thousands of years until climate changes and competition from modern humans contributed to their extinction approximately 40,000 years ago.

According to Bean, Amdo 7 was roughly six months old at its time of death, as determined through tooth eruption patterns and internal microstructural analyses.

Interestingly, the skull and bone measurements show that Amdo 7 is comparable to a 12- to 14-month-old modern human, indicating discrepancies in dental and skeletal maturation.

Bean highlights that findings from Amdo 7 matched those of two other Neanderthal infants: a two-year-old from Syria and a three-year-old from Roque de Marsal in France, revealing consistent trends among these ancient children.

“The prevalent patterns in three distinct Neanderthal infants indicate that these differences are significant,” Bean asserts.

Attempting to align these Neanderthal growth markers with those of homo sapiens proves challenging, she contends.

Further, Bean suggests that Neanderthal infants had varying growth rates compared to modern humans, potentially driven by higher energy needs. However, by age seven, the growth trajectories align more closely between both species.

Bean believes that Amdo 7’s dental development suggests an estimated age of around seven, contrasting with skeletal indicators.

Excavation of Amdo Cave, Israel: The Discovery of Amdo 7

Professor Herrera Hovers

“I estimate Amdo 7 to be nearly six months old,” Bean notes. “Neanderthal infants exhibited faster growth rates during their early years compared to modern humans.”

According to Bean, smaller bodies lose heat more rapidly, indicating that Neanderthals were likely adapted to the severe environments they inhabited.

Chris Stringer, a prominent researcher at London’s Natural History Museum, emphasizes that Amdo 7 plays a pivotal role in illuminating Neanderthal development.

“Compiling all the evidence, we’ve identified three distinct growth stages characteristic of young Neanderthals,” he states. In newborns, dental development is harmonized with overall physical growth, while in infants like Amdo 7, rapid physical growth occurs alongside slower tooth development. However, as children mature, these growth patterns eventually synchronize.

Bean concludes that Neanderthals were roughly comparable in size to adult homo sapiens, though the latter tended to be taller.

Topics:

Neanderthal Man /
Ancient Humans

Source: www.newscientist.com

Record-Breaking Universe Map Reveals 47 Million Galaxies and Quasars

Posted on April 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

The DESI project has produced an unprecedented map of galaxies and quasars across the cosmos, with Earth positioned at the center.

Credit: Claire Laman/DESI collaboration

DESI Map of the Universe — The DESI project has produced an unprecedented map of galaxies and quasars across the cosmos, with Earth positioned at the center.

Credit: Claire Laman/DESI collaboration

The Dark Energy Spectrometer (DESI) has recently completed a monumental five-year survey, documenting over 47 million galaxies and quasars. This expansive dataset contributes to the most precise map of the universe ever constructed, potentially unraveling the perplexing enigma of weakening dark energy — a factor that could radically alter our understanding of the universe.

Since its launch in 2021 at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona, DESI has outperformed expectations, initially set to gather data from 34 million celestial bodies. Due to its exceptional efficiency, many faint galaxies, located at considerable distances, have been observed with as few as 100 to 200 photons.

David Schlegel and his team at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory assert that this invaluable data boosts our comprehension of cosmic structures by nearly tenfold, surpassing previous maps that documented only 5 million galaxies.

“Throughout our careers, we’ve continuously expanded our mapping capabilities to include ten times more data every decade,” he states. “We anticipate completing a comprehensive mapping of all observable galaxies within 10 billion light-years by 2061 if we maintain this trajectory.”

Although the primary study is concluded, accessible analysis from this new data will take an additional year to finalize. DESI will persist in its data collection efforts for at least another two-and-a-half years, with planned upgrades to extend its operational life into the 2030s. “This instrument remains the premier technology for such research,” he adds.

Currently, DESI’s cosmic mapping spans 14,000 square degrees, with aspirations to cover up to 17,000 square degrees. Given that the entire celestial sphere is over 41,000 square degrees, certain areas remain challenging to observe due to the brightness of nearby astronomical entities, including our home galaxy, the Milky Way.

This groundbreaking dataset will empower scientists to analyze and compare the distribution of galaxies from both the ancient past and the present, potentially yielding insights into the nature of dark energy — which constitutes roughly 70% of our universe. DESI’s initial findings for 2024 suggest an intriguing possibility that dark energy is not static but may be diminishing over time.

Should dark energy indeed prove to be weakening, it could significantly disrupt the established lambda-CDM model of cosmology. The culmination of DESI’s data will provide a robust framework for a deeper investigation into these phenomena.

Ofer Lahav, a professor at University College London, recalls a time when access to data like DESI’s was merely a dream. “Four decades ago, during my PhD at Cambridge, we sampled thousands of galaxies, and the thirst for data was immense. Now, with a plethora of data available, analyzing it presents a different set of challenges for my students,” he remarks.

As the deluge of data grows, breakthroughs regarding the fundamental nature of the universe are anticipated. This influx may also illuminate rare cosmological events, opening doors to fresh avenues of research.

Astronomy in Chile: A Must-Visit Destination

Discover Chile’s astronomical wonders. Explore the world’s most advanced observatory and enjoy stargazing beneath the clearest skies available on Earth.

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Monkeys Explore a Virtual World Solely Through Thought Control: A Breakthrough in Mind-Driven Technology

Posted on April 16, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Monkeys Navigate Virtual Worlds Using Brain-Computer Interface

Peter Jansen et al. 2026

Equipped with advanced brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), monkeys demonstrated their ability to navigate various virtual worlds using only their thoughts. Researchers aim to use these findings to help individuals with paralysis explore virtual environments and control motorized wheelchairs intuitively.

Peter Jansen and colleagues at the University of Leuven in Belgium conducted transplants in three rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) fitted with BCIs. Each monkey received three implants containing 96 electrodes strategically placed in the primary motor cortex, dorsal, and ventral premotor cortex. The primary motor cortex is crucial in BCI research and is associated with physical movement, while the other two regions facilitate abstract movement planning. Electrical signals from the implants were interpreted by an AI model to control a virtual reality (VR) avatar as the monkey interacted with a 3D monitor.

During the experiment, the monkeys could control a sphere that moved across a VR landscape from a fixed viewpoint. They progressed to directing an animated monkey avatar from a third-person perspective, similar to popular video games. Subsequent trials allowed the monkeys to navigate their virtual surroundings by interacting with doors and moving from room to room.

Unlike previous BCI experiments involving humans, which required physical movements like finger motions to manipulate cursors, Janssen believes that placing sensors within the monkeys facilitated a more intuitive connection to movement.

“We can’t directly communicate with these monkeys, but fundamentally, we think this method provides a more natural way to control systems,” Janssen remarked. He likened current BCI experiences to “trying to move your ears,” noting that this disconnection can be frustrating and requires extended practice to master.

Janssen is optimistic that this innovative approach may eventually translate to humans, empowering those with paralysis to navigate virtual environments or control electric wheelchairs with ease. However, he also acknowledged the complexities of precise sensor placements in human subjects, stating, “It requires thorough research to pinpoint the right areas, given our limited understanding of these regions in humans. Nevertheless, once identified, it should be feasible and even simpler since humans can articulate their experiences.”

Andrew Jackson from the University of Newcastle in the UK commended the study’s ability to allow monkeys to maintain control across various perspectives and situations. This suggests that BCI may engage abstract parts of the brain related to movement, providing an adaptable approach similar to how people switch between different video games using the same controller.

“With a multitude of buttons available, different games demand specific mappings that can be challenging to navigate,” Jackson noted. “However, this approach simplifies the process as there are only limited combinations to explore. A scenario requiring you to abandon your controller for an external task would present a greater challenge.”

Preliminary trials of simpler BCIs have been conducted on humans. For instance, a paralyzed individual successfully piloted a virtual drone through an intricate obstacle course merely by envisioning finger movements, with AI interpreting the resulting signals. In another instance, imagining writing with a pen enabled a computer to transcribe thoughts into text.

In 2024, Neuralink, co-founded by the controversial billionaire Elon Musk, announced a groundbreaking development: the first human BCI installation, allowing cursor control on a computer. However, reports later revealed that approximately 85% of the electrode threads had misaligned within a month, compromising functionality. Neuralink has faced scrutiny over suspicions of animal mistreatment, claims Musk has denied while also navigating a U.S. government investigation tied to the experiment. The situation has seemingly stalled under President Donald Trump.

Scientific Progress DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adw3876

Source: www.newscientist.com

How Unvaccinated Blood Donor Requests Are Impacting Patient Care

Posted on April 15, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

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Blood donation typically comes from anonymous volunteers and is diligently screened for safety.

Getty Images

In a worrying trend, U.S. hospitals are receiving unusual requests from patients needing blood transfusions: they desire blood from donors who have not been vaccinated against COVID-19. This has, in some instances, delayed urgent treatments and even caused life-threatening reactions.

“These requests stem largely from misinformation surrounding vaccine safety and blood supplies rather than grounded health concerns about blood transfusions,” stated Jeremy Jacobs from Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. “It’s critical to note that local blood supplies are highly regulated, meticulously tested, and there’s no evidence to suggest that unvaccinated blood reduces transfusion risks.”

Jacobs and his team conducted an analysis of blood donations at the Vanderbilt Center from January 2024 to December 2025. They discovered that 15 patients, or their caregivers, expressed a desire to directly donate blood if the source was a selected individual, often a relative, instead of being sourced from a blood bank.

While direct donations in the UK and Australia are only permitted under rare circumstances—such as when an individual’s blood type is uncommon—the practice is more common in the United States yet often discouraged due to inconsistent policies across facilities.

Researchers noted that all 15 patients specifically requested blood from a donor who was unvaccinated, a direct response to the COVID-19 vaccination. It’s important to mention that blood banks do not record or communicate the vaccination status of anonymized donors.

Such requests have not only caused delays in treatment but also elevated risks for patients. In severe cases, dangerously low hemoglobin levels can result in organ damage or dysfunction. Another patient suffered from anemia as a consequence.

“Direct blood donations introduce operational complexities that routine blood supply usage does not entail,” Jacobs states. “These involve additional logistics, collection processes, tracking, and timing.”

Although blood is rigorously tested before transfusion, direct blood donation may carry an increased risk of infection. This is primarily due to one-time donors being less likely to maintain consistent infection control measures compared to repeat donors known to the blood bank.

The uptick in direct donations mirrors the trends observed during the HIV/AIDS epidemic of the late 20th century and resurfaced with the advent of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. These vaccines work by introducing a segment of SARS-CoV-2’s genetic material into the body, prompting cells to produce specific proteins and activating the immune response during actual infection.

Extensive studies have affirmed the safety and efficacy of these vaccines, yet misinformation mistakenly ties them to infertility concerns and other health issues. Conspiracy theories falsely assert that these vaccines contain microchips and alter DNA.

Research conducted in 2025, as noted in a study, confirms the safety of blood donations from vaccinated individuals. “The demand for unvaccinated blood reflects significant vaccine hesitancy among portions of the population, rather than genuine transfusion-related risks,” stated Dr. Ash Toye from the University of Bristol, UK.

This issue extends beyond the Vanderbilt Center. Last year, the Welsh Blood Service reported an increase in inquiries regarding donors’ vaccination statuses. A petition to the British government addressing this was also dismissed. Additionally, in Oklahoma, there are legislative proposals pushing for patients to have access to unvaccinated blood.

“These requests illustrate how misinformation creates a significant operational burden for patients, hospitals, and blood donors,” Jacobs stated. “Simultaneously, it highlights the necessity of addressing patient anxieties with respect and empathy, even when those concerns lack scientific support.”

Topic:

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Top 10 Most Dangerous Animals on Earth: Deadliest Creatures You Should Avoid

Posted on April 15, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Numerous animals have earned the title of intimidating, but one surpasses them all as the deadliest. Specifically, this creature is responsible for the highest number of human fatalities.

In Hollywood, you might think terrifying beasts like lions and crocodiles pose the greatest danger. Surprisingly, many animals you might expect to be lethal, like sharks, only kill about 70 humans annually.

Interestingly, the most perilous creatures on Earth are often smaller, killing through disease, venom, or other mechanisms rather than sharp teeth. Here are the top 10:

10. Lion – 200 Human Deaths Per Year

Credit: Getty

The king of the jungle (although it doesn’t live in the jungle) ranks on our list due to its ferocious nature. With a roar measuring 114 dB, it’s a strong warning!

Lions typically hunt in groups, attacking at night with sharp claws that can inflict deep wounds and powerful bites capable of crushing bones. They surround their prey before launching a deadly attack.

Approach a pride too closely, and you may face a charge, especially if they are with their young.

9. Hippos – 500 Human Deaths Per Year

Though herbivorous, hippos are aggressive and deadly, thanks to their formidable size and territorial behavior.

With canine teeth that can reach half a meter long and a bite force of 1,800 psi—three times that of a lion—they can easily inflict fatal injuries on humans.

These creatures may attack boats they perceive as threats, overturning them in the process. When threatened, hippos can exhibit cannibalistic behavior.

8. Elephants – 600 Human Deaths Per Year

The imposing elephant ranks among the most dangerous animals due to its sheer size and capability to kill in various ways.

Elephants can trample humans with their massive weight—African elephants can weigh up to 8 tons. Additionally, they can use their trunks and tusks to cause lethal harm.

7. Crocodiles – 1,000 Human Deaths Per Year

Crocodiles are notorious for their fierce nature, causing about 1,000 human deaths annually. Their powerful jaws deliver the strongest bite force in the animal kingdom—up to 5,000 psi!

These reptiles are aggressive and will attack anything that enters their territory, often employing ambush tactics.

6. Scorpions – 3,300 Human Deaths Per Year

Scorpions, with over 2,600 species, wield powerful venom via their stingers. Notably, the Deathstalker scorpion carries lethal toxins strong enough to harm even healthy adults.

5. Assassin Bug (Chagas Disease) – 10,000 Human Deaths Per Year

Assassin bugs primarily spread Chagas disease, which poses a significant threat particularly in Central and South America.

This disease can be deadly and is transmitted through bites or contaminated food. Trypanosoma cruzi is the culprit behind this serious ailment.

4. Dogs – 59,000 Human Deaths Per Year

Dogs, often considered man’s best friend, can also pose threats through rabies, transmitted via bites. Globally, they account for the majority of rabies-related human deaths.

3. Snakes – 138,000 Human Deaths Per Year

Snakes are responsible for approximately 138,000 human fatalities each year. Their venom can be lethal, and certain species can consume humans whole.

2. Humans (Homicide Only) – 400,000 Human Deaths Per Year

It’s a disheartening fact, but when it comes to fatalities, humans rank as the second most dangerous species, mainly due to homicide rates.

1. Mosquitoes – 725,000 Human Deaths Per Year

Mosquitoes are the most dangerous animals globally, causing 725,000 deaths yearly primarily through disease transmission, such as malaria.

These tiny bloodsuckers have influenced major historical events. Malaria remains a critical health issue, particularly in Africa, where most cases and deaths occur.

Read more:

Animal	Annual Deaths
Lions	200
Hippos	500
Elephants	600
Crocodiles	1,000
Scorpions	3,300
Assassin Bugs	10,000
Dogs	59,000
Snakes	138,000
Humans	400,000
Mosquitoes	725,000

Read more:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS Exhibits Chemical Changes Post-Perihelion

Posted on April 15, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Observations from the Subaru Telescope on January 7, 2026, indicated an unexpectedly low ratio of carbon dioxide to water in the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, implying alterations in its composition as it neared the Sun.

Subaru Telescope image of interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS. Image credit: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.

The interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS was identified on July 1, 2025, by the NASA-funded ATLAS survey telescope located in Rio Hurtado, Chile.

This cosmic traveler, also known as C/2025 N1 (ATLAS) and A11pl3Z, approached from the constellation Sagittarius.

On October 30, 2025, 3I/ATLAS reached perihelion, marking its closest point to the Sun.

“Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS is the third confirmed interstellar object,” stated Yoshiharu Shinnaka, an astronomer at the Koyama Institute for Space and Astronautical Science in Japan.

“This presents a unique opportunity to examine the physical and chemical characteristics of icy planetesimals formed in protoplanetary systems beyond our solar system.”

Since its identification by the Asteroid Earth Impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) on July 1, 2025, subsequent observations have promptly confirmed its cometary activity and analyzed the characteristics of its dust coma, including core size and dust distribution.

Dr. Shinnaka and his team utilized the Subaru Telescope to examine 3I/ATLAS on January 7, 2026, over two months following its perihelion.

This analysis included applying specialized techniques honed through the study of solar system comets.

The research estimated the carbon dioxide to water ratio in the comet’s coma, the gaseous cloud enveloping the comet’s nucleus.

The composition of the coma gas offers valuable insights into the nature of the nucleus itself.

The calculated carbon dioxide to water ratio from Subaru Telescope findings was lower than previous estimates derived from data from the Webb Space Telescope and SPHEREx Space Telescope.

This variation supports the theory that the internal makeup of the nucleus differs from its outer layers, suggesting that as 3I/ATLAS approached the Sun, gases began to release from different regions of its nucleus.

“In the upcoming years, we anticipate the full-scale operation of the observing telescope, leading to the discovery of even more interstellar objects,” Dr. Shinnaka remarked.

“By leveraging observation and analytical methods developed from solar system comet research, we can now directly compare comets from both inside and outside the solar system, allowing us to investigate differences in their composition and evolution.”

“Studying these celestial bodies enables us to deepen our understanding of planetesimal and planet formation processes across diverse star systems, including our own.”

The team’s research paper is set to be published in Astronomy Magazine.

_____

Yoshiharu Shinnaka and colleagues. 2026. Post-perihelion constraints on CO₂/H₂O ratio of interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS [O I] Forbidden line. A.J. in press. arXiv: 2603.25002

Source: www.sci.news

Supermassive Black Holes on Collision Course: A Cosmic Event That Could Shake the Universe

Posted on April 15, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Astronomers have made an astonishing discovery: two supermassive black holes are trapped in a death spiral at the center of the distant galaxy Markarian 501, located approximately 500 million light-years away. These black holes are predicted to collide within the next 100 years.

This intriguing pair was identified after researchers meticulously analyzed decades of radio telescope observations, revealing something unusual at the galaxy’s center.

Unlike most galaxies that emit a single jet of particles, Markarian 501 is emitting two distinct jets, suggesting the influence of two separate supermassive black holes.

Each jet is believed to be powered by its own black hole, with masses ranging from 100 million to 1 billion times that of the Sun.

These groundbreaking findings have been published in the Royal Astronomical Society Monthly Notices.

“Discovering this second jet was exhilarating,” remarked lead author Priv-Doz Dr. Silke Blitzen, a professor at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, speaking to BBC Science Focus. “It left me with so many questions about how this phenomenon occurs, and I felt driven to share our discovery.”

The two black holes orbit one another roughly every 121 days, at a distance of just 250 to 540 times the distance between Earth and the Sun—minuscule compared to their massive sizes.

The supermassive black hole at the center of Markarian 501, already known to exist, bends light from a jet behind it, forming an Einstein ring – Photo credit: Emma Kun / HUN-REN Konkoly Observatory

In June 2022, the geometric alignment allowed the light from the second jet to be bent by the gravity of the foreground black hole, creating an “Einstein ring.” This observation strengthened the evidence supporting the presence of two supermassive black holes.

“The binary model provides a consistent and compelling explanation,” notes Britzen. “The Einstein ring confirms this scenario, as these jets are directed towards us.”

When these black holes eventually merge, the collision will generate powerful gravitational waves that will ripple through the universe, surpassing the strength of gravitational waves detected from stellar-mass black hole mergers by observatories such as LIGO.

“We anticipate that one merged black hole will remain,” Blitzen stated. “I’m particularly intrigued by how this cosmic ‘dance’ will unfold.”

Read more:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Breakthrough: First-Ever Mapping of All Clitoral Nerves by Scientists

Posted on April 15, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Decades after mapping the nerves of the penis, scientists have successfully mapped the nerves in the clitoris, according to new research that is pending peer review.

Researchers from the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands utilized a groundbreaking X-ray imaging technique to produce three-dimensional maps of the clitoral nerves in two women.

The lead author, Dr. Lee Joo-young, a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, stated that this study could significantly enhance our understanding of clitoral function.

“A thorough comprehension of anatomy is fundamental to understanding physiological function,” she explained to BBC Science Focus. “With improved knowledge of anatomy, we can pose more insightful questions about physiology. This study is particularly intriguing from a scientific perspective.”

The researchers believe that their findings could help surgeons avoid clitoral injuries during pelvic procedures, including childbirth, gender reassignment surgery, and reconstructive surgeries following female genital mutilation.

The anatomical map was derived from specialized imaging of the pelvises of two women who donated their bodies to the University of Amsterdam after their passing.

Lee’s research team employed CT scans paired with extremely bright X-rays to trace the paths of the clitoral nerves with unprecedented precision—up to one-thousandth of a millimeter (1/25,000th of an inch).

This detailed mapping revealed that the major sensory nerve, known as the dorsal clitoral nerve (DNC), branches outwards in a tree-like pattern towards the external structures of the clitoris.

The dorsal clitoral nerve (DNC) is shown in yellow, marking a significant advancement in understanding clitoral anatomy. – Credit: Ju Young Lee et al. 2026

Contrary to previous beliefs that the DNC was tapered, this study indicates that the nerve extends toward both the clitoral foreskin and the skin above it.

Nonetheless, as this study examined only the anatomy of two postmenopausal women, the results may not accurately reflect the entirety of clitoral nerve anatomy.

This research aligns with broader studies that are reshaping our understanding of women’s reproductive biology.

For instance, recent discoveries indicate that the clitoris is at least twice the size typically depicted in anatomy textbooks, with a nerve density that can be up to 15 times greater than that of the penis.

Observations of clitoral nerves from a different perspective. – Credit: Ju Young Lee et al. 2026

Dr. Lee emphasized that her research serves as a “starting point for clitoral science,” highlighting the many mysteries yet to be unraveled. Until recently, the clitoris has received insufficient scientific focus.

“There are 20 times more scientific publications on the glans penis than on the glans clitoris,” Lee stated, referring to the highly sensitive regions of these anatomical structures that are rich in nerve endings.

“This stark contrast underscores the lack of attention given to the clitoris,” she remarked, expressing hope for the growth of clitoral science.

“I encourage readers to explore their own anatomy,” Lee added. “Unlike the penis, which is easily visible, observing the clitoris requires the aid of a mirror. We recommend using a mirror to familiarize yourself with your anatomy.”

Read more:

Source: www.sciencefocus.com

Exploring the Unexpected Crowds of Ancient Tidal Flats: A Hidden Gem Revealed

Posted on April 15, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Exciting new fossil discoveries in a 500-million-year-old Cambrian mudflat in Wisconsin have revealed the earliest evidence of animals venturing onto land, along with insights into their diet. Learn more about Blackberry Hill.

Climactichnites blackberriensis likely stopping to feed on washed-up ostracods.” width=”580″ height=”387″ srcset=”https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/04/image_14694_1-Climactichnites-blackberriensis.jpg 580w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/04/image_14694_1-Climactichnites-blackberriensis-300×200.jpg 300w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2026/04/image_14694_1-Climactichnites-blackberriensis-84×55.jpg 84w” sizes=”(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px”/>

Mollusc footprints of Climactichnites blackberriensis likely stopping to feed on ostracods. CS = scoopworm crust; DS = decomposing rods; R = ripple mark; S = Ladleworm.

The fossilized remains from Blackberry Hill have revealed that the creatures—a relative of millipedes known as the Eutycarcinoid—created tracks referred to as Protichnites, which means “first footprint.”

Paleontologists have been puzzled over the identity of these creatures for over 150 years.

In these ancient tidal flats, fossilized crustaceans known as Philocariidae have also been identified, alongside thousands of well-preserved trace fossils from various organisms, including arthropods and mollusks.

One of the new trace fossils, Climactichnites blackberriensis, represents a significant imprint likely made by an unidentified mollusk.

These animals traversed the tidal flats, leaving behind a series of footprints. Remarkably, it appears that they stopped to feed on jellyfish that washed ashore.

Cochlichnus? – Traces of polychaete worms believed to be resting.

Fragments of material (crusts) and coccoids are found in the vicinity, potentially indicating some of the earliest fossil evidence of animals feeding on jellyfish in the Cambrian tidal flats.

This may have prompted certain species to explore land, marking the beginning of terrestrial life.

Additional trace fossils feature notable markings, including those from polychaetes, with traces of their parapodia (limbs) documented alongside early occurrences of Stiaria pillosa, believed to be feeding traces of a true carcinoid arthropod.

Stiallia – Presumed feeding traces from ancient arthropods.

Researchers Kenneth C. Gass (Milwaukee Public Museum) and Nora Noffke from Old Dominion University recently released their findings in a paper in the Paleontology Journal. Read the full study here.

The authors also suggested that some of these traces may have been created by certain species of extinct primitive arthropods, such as Aglaspidids, known for their spike-like bifurcated tails.

“These discoveries indicate the Cambrian tidal flats were more active than previously thought. It seems as if all these animals flocked to the flats for a brief reprieve on land,” Gass noted.

“More extensive taxonomic diversity in these tidal flats necessitates further field surveys and material investigations.”

_____

K. Gass and N. Noffke. 2026. New findings from the Cambrian Moose Mound Complex tidal flat facies, Wisconsin, USA. Paleontology Journal, pp. 1-15; doi: 10.1017/jpa.2026.10225

Source: www.sci.news

NASA Evaluates Astronaut Safety Measures in Artemis II Spacecraft Mission

Posted on April 15, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

NASA has not yet commented on the current status of the Orion heat shield or when a comprehensive analysis of its performance will be released.

In response to a post by Ars Technica editor Eric Berger regarding the white spots on the heat shield, NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman confirmed that these spots align with the agency’s expectations.

“No unexpected circumstances were detected,” Isaacman stated, emphasizing that “the discoloration is not due to any material release.”

According to Isaacman, the white spots are related to “compression pad areas” on the heat shield and fit with observations made by NASA engineers during preflight testing.

“While I’m cautious about jumping to conclusions before a full data review, I appreciate the space community’s interest, especially when images might suggest a problem,” Isaacman explained. “Our engineers were thorough in examining the heat shield, beginning with images captured by divers immediately following splashdown and continuing their evaluations on board.”

NASA initiated its investigation of the Orion heat shield’s performance on Friday, just after the spacecraft’s splashdown in the Pacific Ocean, marking the completion of its crew’s 10-day mission orbiting Earth and the Moon.

Lori Glaze, acting deputy administrator for NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, noted that the aircraft was strategically positioned near the landing site to capture initial images and data relating to the heat shield.

“Additionally, divers took images of the heat shield before it was brought to the surface. The USS John P. Martha was instrumental in helping us understand the condition of the capsule upon landing, so we have initiated the data collection process,” Glaze shared during a post-splashdown press conference on Friday night.

The spacecraft is en route to NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, where further analysis will take place.

The Artemis II Orion spacecraft is seen aboard the USS Martha at Naval Base San Diego on Saturday.
Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images

“We have completed a comprehensive data review across all systems, including thermal protection systems, and will share the findings with the public,” Isaacman stated in a response on X.

The Artemis II mission represents NASA’s first crewed mission to the moon in over 50 years, marking a historic moment as the first time both the Space Launch System rocket and Orion capsule launched with a crew. The astronauts traveled farther from Earth than any individuals before, becoming the first to witness the entire far side of the moon.

Due to these significant milestones, the mission was closely monitored, particularly during the final 15 minutes.

Following unexpected damage to Orion’s heat shield during the Artemis I test flight, NASA has conducted extensive research. The agency identified that gas became trapped within the heat shield, leading to pressure build-up as the capsule re-entered the atmosphere, which ultimately caused the outer material of the shield to crack.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Northeast Faces Another Early Heat Wave: What You Need to Know

Posted on April 15, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

This week, record-breaking heat is set to blanket the eastern United States, from the Plains to the Northeast, pushing temperatures to unprecedented heights.

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This early heat wave follows a severe heat wave that impacted the western United States just weeks ago, indicating it’s the East’s turn now.

Approximately 135 million residents in the Midwest could feel temperatures soaring at least 15 degrees above average on Tuesday. Many locations, including Ohio, Missouri, Illinois, Tennessee, Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, and Washington, D.C., are forecasted to experience temperatures exceeding 80 degrees Fahrenheit.

As temperatures escalate midweek, summer-like conditions are anticipated, climbing into the 90s in the mid-Atlantic region, according to the National Weather Service.

Meteorologists predict over 100 record high temperatures may be shattered this week, including possible April highs.

For instance, St. Louis might see highs of 90 degrees, while Memphis, Tennessee, could hit 87 degrees. Richmond, Virginia, is expected to rise to 91 degrees, with temperatures potentially reaching 94 midweek.

In the Northeast, summer temperatures may become common this April, with Philadelphia expecting 87 degrees on Tuesday and 91 later in the week. New York City is projected to hit 85 on Tuesday, increasing to 87 by Thursday. Washington, D.C., is forecasted for 89 degrees on Tuesday, followed by highs of 92 on Wednesday and Thursday.

Tuesday at Brooklyn Bridge Park Pier 6.
Matt Nicewonder/NBC News

The current heatwave is attributed to a significant ridge of high pressure, which is effectively trapping warm air across the eastern part of the country, much like a lid covers a pot, enhancing the heat.

Last month, California and the desert Southwest shattered over 150 daily temperature records and around 50 monthly all-time records, with temperatures soaring 20 to 40 degrees above normal for over a week.

Several cities in California and Arizona recorded temperatures in triple digits.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reported that March was the hottest on record in the United States, with an average temperature of 50.85 degrees—9.35 degrees higher than the 20th-century March average based on 132 years of federal data.

While connecting specific weather events to climate change can be complex, it is understood that global warming contributes to more frequent, intense, and longer-lasting heat waves.

Heat waves are particularly perilous, causing more annual fatalities in the U.S. than hurricanes, floods, and tornadoes combined. Early-arriving heat waves pose additional risks as people’s bodies may not be acclimated yet.

Source: www.nbcnews.com

Моя жизнь метеорологом в оккупированном Чернобыле: Вызовы и Опыты

Posted on April 15, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Lyudmila Dybrenko’s courageous stand in Chernobyl during the Russian occupation in 2022

Mykhailo Palinchak

New Scientist - Essential science news and articles covering technology, health, and environmental developments. — Lyudmila Dybrenko’s courageous stand in Chernobyl during the Russian occupation in 2022

Mykhailo Palinchak

On February 24, 2022, as Russian forces invaded Ukraine through Belarus, Lyudmila Dybrenko, the head of the Chernobyl meteorological observatory, urged her team to evacuate. However, she soon realized that her own chance to escape had vanished, as Russian troops took control of the exclusion zone surrounding the nuclear facility.

“We began collecting monitors and equipment, but it was too late,” Dybrenko recounted in the humble hut serving as the weather station. Despite the grim circumstances, she resolved to continue essential measurements of radiation, temperature, wind, and rainfall to aid scientific monitoring of the Chernobyl area. “I chose to keep working,” she stated. “I truly love my job and my country.”

Normal operations rely on automated systems to collect and transmit data. However, by March 9, power was cut off, rendering equipment inoperative and making heating and cooking extremely difficult. The hut became the warmest refuge during my winter stay in Chernobyl, with a fire providing warmth while Dybrenko worked at her desk. Life under occupation posed unique challenges.

Dybrenko meticulously monitored Russian patrol schedules, timing her outdoor measurements. She resorted to using an old cell phone with better signal capabilities than modern smartphones to transmit her findings. The weather station, situated in Chernobyl’s highlands, allowed her to find locations – like a truck park and a church – where she could connect to weak signals and extract data.

“Software typically automates data assembly and transmission, but that was not an option during the power outage,” Dybrenko explained. “So, we had to do it manually.”

Unfortunately, as Dybrenko carried on with her tasks, Russian soldiers grew bolder. At one point, a soldier forced his way into her home, demanding cognac. She decided to treat him like a misbehaving schoolboy, snapping, “Is this a restaurant?” Remarkably, her approach worked, and he left sheepishly.

Eventually, upon spotting a small red light in the bushes near her scientific equipment, she realized a perpetual clock had been hidden there. Unaware of its presence, she continued to operate as usual.

Thanks to her unwavering dedication, there are no data gaps, allowing for comprehensive scientific analysis of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone during the occupation. In recognition of her bravery, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy awarded her a rare medal, granted to a meteorologist during the war—an honor she wears with rightful pride.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Exploring the Perilous Depths of the Chernobyl Reactor: A Man’s Daring Dive

Posted on April 15, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Anatoly Doroshenko is entering Chernobyl’s reactor No. 4 for essential radiation measurements.

Credit: Mykhailo Palinchak

New scientist: Science news and long reads by expert journalists covering advancements in technology, health, and the environment. — Anatoly Doroshenko is entering Chernobyl’s reactor No. 4 for essential radiation measurements.

Credit: Mykhailo Palinchak

The ruins of Chernobyl’s Reactor No. 4 are among the most hazardous locations on Earth. This site is not only treacherous but also heavily irradiated, enveloped in darkness, and encapsulated in a dilapidated concrete sarcophagus, which is being fortified with a new containment structure.

Scientists urgently need insights into the internal environment. One such scientist is Anatoly Doroshenko, a young researcher at the Institute for Safety Problems in Nuclear Power Plants (ISPNPP). His occupation is considered one of the world’s most perilous, requiring him to venture deep into the nuclear reactor remnants to gather readings and samples, often from as close as 8 meters from the core.

“I’m not scared,” Doroshenko stated, standing beside a model of Chernobyl within the ISPNPP lab located in the nuclear power plant’s exclusion zone. “Preparation has equipped me for this task, and embracing this moral responsibility is essential.”

“It’s a peculiar sensation, akin to summiting Mount Everest or exploring the ocean depths,” he adds, noting the continuous adrenaline rush he experiences.

Doroshenko is tasked with numerous responsibilities during each reactor investigation, but must maneuver between urgency and precision due to time constraints. “Understanding your environment is vital; self-control is crucial,” he emphasizes, repeating the last part earnestly.

“You must be aware that every surface is contaminated—knowing what you touch is essential to avoid personal contamination,” he explains. “It’s imperative to strategize since the time you can safely remain inside is limited. The desire to gain knowledge must be balanced with awareness of your surroundings.”

In low-risk areas of the reactor, Doroshenko dons a hat, protective gloves, and a respirator. In high-risk regions, he must wear a full-body suit, potentially layered with a polyethylene suit for dust protection. He also carries a lead apron, but its bulk can hinder movement in confined spaces.

As a young researcher, he has explored significant areas such as the main circulation pump, vital for cooling Reactor No. 4 and implicated in the safety tests leading to the 1986 disaster. “Visiting this pivotal site is crucial as we examine the destruction caused by the explosion,” he notes.

1991: Inspecting the interior of the sarcophagus containing Reactor No. 4 at Chernobyl

Credit: Images Group/Shutterstock

“Knowledge is our best protection,” asserts researcher Olena Paleniuk at ISPNPP. “Anatoly plays a crucial role here. Though we all often appear fatigued and somber, he excels in his responsibilities, and we lack a sufficient number of young experts skilled in dosimetry.”

Doroshenko’s supervisor, Victor Krasnov, noted that generations of scientists have ventured into the reactor post-1986 to collect measurements and install sensors. They navigate confined spaces filled with radioactive water and remnants of corium, a hazardous mix of molten fuel, concrete, and metal created during the disaster’s extreme heat.

“The initial explorers named various structures within informally—terms like elephant’s foot, cat house, and octopus beam,” recounts Krasnov. “Each route inside presents unique challenges due to utter devastation.”

Numerous risks abound, including the 2,200-ton upper bioshield, affectionately termed ‘Elena,’ dislodged during the explosion and now precariously tilted. Its potential collapse could unleash hazardous debris and a substantial cloud of radioactive dust.

1986 image of the ‘elephant’s foot’ within Chernobyl’s No. 4 reactor, a mass of molten fuel.

Credit: Photo 12/Alamy

Regular monitoring is crucial due to occasional surges in nuclear activity. The exact locations of all fuel material within the reactor remain uncertain, leading to periods of reactor activation.

As uranium or plutonium decays, it releases neutrons, which can trigger further fission reactions when absorbed by other unstable nuclei. High water levels can slow these neutrons and inhibit further reactions, a factor crucial to reactor safety management. Following the disaster, the sarcophagus created arid conditions, causing a peak in neutrons, while breaches allowed moisture and humidity to enter, diminishing neutron flux.

Undergoing the establishment of newer safety protocols, the low humidity currently decreases the likelihood of accidents, emphasizing the need for ongoing analysis by Doroshenko and his team to preemptively address any emerging issues.

Although stringent safety measures are enforced, it remains inherently perilous to traverse inside an exploded reactor. “We acknowledge the risks,” Doroshenko states. “My health concerns me, as neglect might lead to mistakes. While the long-term effects on my health remain unclear, adhering to radiation safety protocols allows me to mitigate those risks.”

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Is Beef Making a Comeback? Discover Its Role in a Healthy Diet

Posted on April 15, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Exploring Healthy Beef Consumption in the US

Image Credit: Westend61 GmbH/Alamy

The US government recently unveiled new dietary guidelines, igniting discussions around beef consumption. With red meat prices hitting record highs, the updated food pyramid emphasizes the role of beef and animal proteins in a balanced diet.

This new guidance marks a significant shift from previous public health recommendations advocating for reduced red meat intake. As Dr. Sarah Bleich, a Harvard Ph.D. holder and former USDA official, states, “Such visual representations can mislead consumers into thinking they can indulge in unlimited steak.”

The beef resurgence has not emerged in isolation; trends on social media promote carnivore diets, and even public figures like Robert F. Kennedy Jr. have endorsed cooking with beef tallow. His “Make America Healthy Again” initiative underscores the push towards “real food,” but it’s essential to assess how these claims align with nutritional science.

Scientific consensus on red meat’s health impacts remains largely consistent—linking high consumption to serious conditions like heart disease and cancer. In March, the American Heart Association advocated for reduced red meat intake in favor of plant-based proteins.

Understanding the cultural shift towards red meat requires viewing it through a lens of tradition, protein obsession, and powerful lobbying from beef and dairy industries.

The Evolution of Red Meat Consumption

Historically, Western diets treated meat as a secondary element rather than the main focus. This changed during the 19th century, as industrialization made meat more accessible. Annual beef consumption peaked in the US in 1976 at approximately 43 kg (94 lbs) per person before entering a decline due to health concerns regarding saturated fat.

In 2015, a landmark report from the World Health Organization classified processed meats—like bacon—as carcinogenic. It suggested that consuming just 50 grams daily could increase colorectal cancer risk by 18%, similar to risks from second-hand smoke.

Red Meat in the Updated US Food Pyramid

Image Credit: U.S. Department of Agriculture/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

The WHO labeled red meat a potential carcinogen based on studies linking its consumption to colorectal cancer. Although risk estimates vary, consuming 100 grams of red meat daily has been associated with a 17% increase in risk. These statistics hold significant implications for public health.

In 2015, the USDA advised promoting a plant-based diet, citing meat production’s environmental impact. A 2012 survey revealed that doubling the number of vegetarians could significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions, alongside health benefits related to climate change. However, these recommendations were dismissed.

Health Risks Associated with Red Meat

Research increasingly demonstrates the health dangers posed by regular red meat consumption. A 2024 study identified that adults consuming two or more servings of processed red meat daily had a 29% higher risk of heart disease compared to those consuming less than one serving per week. Unprocessed red meat similarly contributed a 14% higher risk for the same group.

The myth that saturated fat alone drives these health risks is fading. Recent findings show that substance trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) produced from gut bacteria upon digesting red meat is more integral to cardiovascular risks and may even be a factor in colorectal cancer development.

Numerous pathways linking meat intake to health issues do not rely solely on saturated fat, highlighting the dangers beyond common dietary misconceptions. Respected researchers like Dariush Mozaffarian confirm that alternative ingredients in red meat yield serious health implications.

The Resurgence of Beef on Our Plates

Despite documented risks, red meat consumption has rebounded. From 2015 to 2021, beef intake increased by nearly 9% across the US. With new dietary guidelines, a further uptick appears imminent. Simultaneously, projections indicate a growing uptake in countries like Australia, where 25% of respondents plan to consume more red meat in 2025.

Shifts in cultural advocacy surrounding beef reflect pressures and ideals regarding masculinity, prompting a surge in red meat consumption, particularly among younger generations. Various sociocultural movements suggest that red meat is often viewed as a symbol of strength and independence among young men.

Healthy eating guidance now recommends nearly doubling the daily protein intake, despite critiques regarding its scientific rationale. As stated by Bleich, simply consuming protein-rich foods doesn’t necessitate increasing red meat intake.

Announcement of New Dietary Guidelines by U.S. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Image Credit: Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images

The USDA’s recent guidelines come after prior recommendations were overlooked, emphasizing a shift towards supporting American farmers and increasing consumption of protein-rich foods while downplaying the health implications of red meat.

Ultimately, experts suggest there may not be a safe amount of processed or unprocessed red meat, despite its nutritional merits such as iron and vitamin B12. It might be prudent for individuals to reduce their red meat intake, relying on healthier alternatives.

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Is a Super El Niño Coming? Impact on Weather and Climate Explained

Posted on April 14, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Super El Niño Results in 1998 China Floods

Photo by Robin Beck/AFP via Getty Images

Recent models predict the emergence of an exceptionally strong El Niño climate phase later this year, potentially the strongest recorded.

This event is being referred to as “Super El Niño” or “Godzilla El Niño,” which could lead to severe droughts in certain regions and catastrophic flooding in others, contributing to the hottest year on record globally.

“Projections indicate that the tropical Pacific Ocean will warm at an unprecedented rate this century,” says Adam Scaife from the UK’s Met Office. “Something unusual is clearly happening.”

What is Super El Niño?

El Niño is a recurring climate phenomenon that significantly raises temperatures and disrupts global weather patterns. This occurs when the trade winds over the tropical Pacific Ocean weaken, disrupting upwelling of cold water and causing warm surface water to accumulate in the central and eastern Pacific. As a result, atmospheric circulation is altered.

El Niño is characterized by sea surface temperatures in the central Pacific exceeding 0.5 degrees Celsius above the long-term average. A “super” El Niño occurs when this temperature rise exceeds 2 degrees Celsius.

The name El Niño, meaning “the Christ child,” originates from observations by Peruvian fishermen who noted that warming typically peaks in December.

While El Niño events occur every few years, “super” events have been recorded in 1982-1983, 1997-1998, and 2015-2016.

What are the Chances of a Super El Niño Occurring?

Westerly winds during March and early April have carried warm water toward the central and eastern Pacific, paving the way for a significant El Niño event. The Japan Meteorological Agency anticipates that the temperature anomaly could reach nearly 2 degrees Celsius by September. Additionally, models from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) indicate a 50% chance of reaching 2.5 degrees Celsius by October.

The National Weather Service estimates a 25% chance of experiencing a Super El Niño by year’s end. If predictions hold that temperature anomalies in the central Pacific exceed 3 degrees Celsius by September, we could witness the strongest El Niño ever recorded.

Currently, signs of El Niño’s development remain weak, and models struggle to provide accurate forecasts, a challenge known as the “spring predictability barrier.” Meteorologists expect to have clearer insights into El Niño’s strength by May or June.

What are the Weather Impacts?

Changes in atmospheric circulation due to El Niño can have far-reaching consequences, including substantial economic damage, crop failures, coral bleaching, and the spread of diseases. “Conditions are chaotic and well outside normal ranges,” states Tim Stockdale from ECMWF. “It’s not solely about increased rainfall; these changes are occurring in areas typically shielded from such storms.”

Typically, El Niño brings intensified storms and wet weather to southern coastlines of the Americas, the Horn of Africa, and China, elevating flooding risks. Conversely, regions like Australia, Southeast Asia, south-central Africa, India, and the Amazon rainforest are likely to face hotter, drier conditions, heightening the potential for droughts, heat waves, and wildfires.

In the UK and northwestern Europe, the effects are less predictable, with El Niño potentially leading to warmer summers and colder winters, although other climatic factors may also contribute to milder, wetter winters.

Even after reaching its peak, El Niño’s damaging effects can persist. Following the Super El Niño of 1997-1998, heavy rains resulted in devastating floods in China’s densely populated Yangtze River basin, claiming over 3,000 lives, destroying 15 million homes, and causing $20 billion in economic losses.

A silver lining is that fewer hurricanes typically form in the Caribbean and off the U.S. east coast during El Niño, as enhanced atmospheric circulation increases wind shear, causing storms to dissipate quickly rather than evolving into major hurricanes.

How Will El Niño Affect Climate?

If climate change is likened to a slowly rising tide, El Niño acts as a powerful wave that temporarily elevates temperatures even further. A strong El Niño could lead to a global temperature increase of 0.2°C.

The last significant El Niño event in 2024 contributed to record-high global temperatures, briefly surpassing the Paris Agreement limit of 1.5°C for the first time. Many anticipate that a Super El Niño in 2027 could also set a new record.

“As we approach 1.4°C, it is very plausible that we will exceed the 1.5°C threshold in 2027,” Scaife noted. “Global warming is inching closer to the Paris Agreement limits.”

Will More Super El Niño Events Occur?

Despite rising El Niño temperatures in the central Pacific due to climate change, long-term temperature averages remain consistent, suggesting that we may not see an increase in the frequency or intensity of El Niño events. Consequently, the National Weather Service has begun to classify El Niño based on the central Pacific’s temperature relative to other tropical regions, although this new classification has not yet gained widespread acceptance.

Both El Niño and its counterpart, La Niña, have been observed with greater frequency and intensity over the past 50 to 60 years. One study indicated that climate change has intensified the temperature variation in the central Pacific by about 10%. However, with only 150 years of reliable data available, early measurements are often unreliable, leading many scientists to be cautious about asserting that climate change has intensified El Niño.

“Will climate change influence El Niño events? That remains a complex question,” Stockdale stated. “The answer is likely yes.”

It is evident that global warming exacerbates the consequences of El Niño. As global temperatures rise, evaporation heights increase, leading to higher atmospheric moisture retention and intensified extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods.

“We refer to this as the intensification of the water cycle,” Stockdale explained. “El Niño can cause dramatic shifts in typical precipitation patterns, likely compounded by climate change.”

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Why Quantum Computers Could Trigger a Crisis Even More Severe than Y2K

Posted on April 14, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Quantum Computers: A New Era Threatening Encryption

dem10/Getty Images

Quantum Computing Threatens Cybersecurity — Quantum Computers: A New Era Threatening Encryption

dem10/Getty Images

Quantum computing poses a significant risk to global cybersecurity, potentially creating a crisis greater than the infamous Millennium Bug (Y2K). While engineers successfully mitigated the Y2K threat, the question remains: Can we tackle the looming dangers of quantum computing?

Currently, most online communications rely on cryptography that classical computers cannot crack, but robust quantum computers can. Although researchers warned about this vulnerability in the late 1990s, the expected timeline for fully functional quantum computers, referred to as Q-Day, seemed far off—until now.

Quantum computers have advanced rapidly, bringing Q-Day closer to reality.

Recent studies indicate that predominant encryption methods like RSA-2048 and ECDLP-256 are on the verge of being compromised by quantum abilities, which may emerge by the end of 2026. Experts, including a team from Google, highlight that 2029 is the critical year for preparedness against this quantum threat.

There are solutions available through algorithms known as post-quantum cryptography (PQC). However, the pressing issue is whether our highly digital landscape can implement these solutions in time.

“The timeline is shifting quicker than anticipated, which compels immediate action. Organizations that initiate preparations now will be vastly more secure than those that delay,” states Philip Intalula, of HSBC.

Ramana Compera of Cisco conveys a serious warning to businesses: “We urge all our clients to take this seriously. The time to fortify your infrastructure against these quantum threats is now—if not sooner.”

Q-Day presents a more insidious threat compared to Y2K. While Y2K posed a foreseeable risk—systems failing at the millennium—Q-Day could result in unnoticed data breaches where sensitive information is stolen without detection.

A specific worry involves “collect now, decrypt later” attacks, where hackers capture sensitive data now, planning to decrypt it using quantum computers later.

Rebecca Krauthammer from QuSecure emphasizes the gravity of this situation, particularly concerning national security, banking, healthcare, and pharmaceuticals. The risks include credit card fraud and the unauthorized access of sensitive military and medical data.

“Entities in banking, insurance, and critical infrastructure could face existential threats; even currently secured data may become exploited for extortion or espionage,” warns Brian Lenahan from the Institute for Quantum Strategy in a recent blog post.

Krauthammer notes a surge in interest for post-quantum solutions, reflecting a critical inflection point. She estimates a tenfold increase in queries from companies seeking quantum safety upgrades, suggesting that transitioning to PQC by 2029 is both ambitious and achievable.

Although some sectors, like telecommunications and banking, are beginning to adopt PQC, many others, including healthcare, are lagging. Notably, HSBC has been enhancing its quantum encryption efforts for several years, and Kompella highlights that Cisco’s products already incorporate some PQC features.

Identifying Hidden Vulnerabilities

Post-quantum cryptography is already utilized by apps like Signal for messaging and Flo for menstrual tracking. Companies including the Google Chrome web browser are also pursuing quantum safety goals by 2027.

However, Martin Charbonneau from Nokia warns that mere application upgrades won’t suffice. The challenge magnifies when entire systems need overhauling, as many organizations lack a comprehensive understanding of their technology stacks.

Every segment of a company’s network can harbor vulnerabilities. Hackers may exploit weaknesses in everyday user operations, like push notifications or credit card approvals. In other scenarios, a remote server launch or intercepted communications between devices could become targets. For many firms, particularly those reliant on outdated software, recognizing and mitigating these vulnerabilities will be an essential first step toward quantum safety, as Kompella notes.

While giants like Cisco and Nokia possess in-house quantum research teams, most companies do not. Krauthammer mentions her team is assisting three organizations that may need to invest $100 million over the next three to ten years to transition to PQC. Furthermore, by 2027, compliance with PQC will be compulsory for entities partnering with the U.S. government in national security.

Nonetheless, if all goes well, one sector may still face challenges: cryptocurrencies. A study from Google and the Ethereum Foundation warns of potential Q-Day signs, where hackers could have pilfered cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin by intercepting transactions or targeting dormant wallets. Unlike banks, cryptocurrencies are decentralized and necessitate consensus from numerous stakeholders, making migration to PQC a complex task. Bitcoin, in particular, has struggled to change its algorithms, including those improving environmental sustainability.

Cryptocurrencies have now transcended niche interests, with pension funds, charities, and corporations incorporating them into their investment portfolios. Given their deep integration into the global economy, any decline in their value stemming from security vulnerabilities will have widespread ramifications, as stated by Stefano Godioso at Oxford University. Cryptocurrencies with preemptive quantum safety measures have even seen value increases of over 50% following significant research publications.

Ultimately, while Q-Day, like Y2K, could be circumvented through swift actions by governments and businesses, the complexities of this modern threat—coupled with uncertainty surrounding its timing—make it a daunting challenge.

For these reasons, Krauthammer urges for heightened awareness: “There needs to be significant pressure from users demanding assurance that their data is secured through post-quantum cryptography.”

Topics:

Source: www.newscientist.com

Unveiling Project Hail Mary: How Ancient Chinese Physics Influenced Modern Science

Posted on April 14, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Ryan Gosling as Ryland Grace in *Project Hail Mary*

Jonathan Olley / Amazon Content Services LLC

Ryan Gosling stars as Ryland Grace in Project Hail Mary — Ryan Gosling as Ryland Grace in *Project Hail Mary*

Jonathan Olley / Amazon Content Services LLC

Watching Project Hail Mary in a packed IMAX theater, I found myself gasping alone. It struck me that the audience was unfazed by the astonishing scene, but then I recalled: I’m a physicist.

Without revealing too much, a pivotal moment occurs when the Hail Mary spaceship accelerates unexpectedly. Ryland Grace, played by Ryan Gosling, is unstrapped, causing his head to collide with the control panel. In reality, the consequences would be fatal. This isn’t unusual in cinema; we frequently witness characters surviving impossible scenarios. Yet this time, disbelief was hard to suspend.

The film’s distinctiveness lies in its commitment to accurately portraying motion in space. Instead of fabricating scientific concepts, directors Phil Lord and Christopher Miller consulted NASA for authentic sci-fi representation.

Momentum is key. Picture riding a bicycle at high speed. Stopping abruptly is challenging due to momentum—affected by both speed and mass. This is why larger vehicles, like trucks, require longer distances to halt.

One marvel of physics is that momentum governs the universe. Isaac Newton’s second law emphasizes this, asserting its universal relevance. Even astronauts encountering space navigate momentum in unanticipated ways.

Newton’s first law states that objects in motion stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force. This contradicts what we observe daily on Earth due to gravity and other forces. For instance, during a cricket match, when a batsman strikes the ball, it eventually descends, halted by gravity. However, in space, free from these influences, objects will travel indefinitely.

In the film, Grace’s spaceship accelerates, leaving him unbelted to collide with the control panel. The impact is immense due to the absence of counteracting forces—consequently, I anticipated catastrophic injury. (The narrative’s leniency toward physics serves the film’s storytelling).

Ryland Grace encounters Newton’s laws on his space journey

Alamy Stock Photo / Landmark Media

Numerous moments in the film heightened my anxiety— not due to poor execution, but rather the remarkably accurate depiction of physics. One scene, where Grace tosses an object into space, was particularly striking: it travels perfectly straight, showing the absence of gravitational resistance—something unimaginable on Earth.

Four years ago, my perception of a film like Project Hail Mary would have lacked appreciation for such details. My academic focus on relativistic and quantum physics had me distancing from foundational Newtonian concepts. Initially seeing classical physics as outdated, I now recognize it’s vital for introducing students to advanced scientific concepts.

My outlook shifted during research for my book, The End of Space and Time, as I uncovered the historical development of Newton’s principles. Intriguingly, more than a millennium before Newton, philosopher Mozi and his followers articulated similar laws.

Delving deep into relevant translations sparked a newfound respect for basic physics principles. After reading passages from Mo Chin, I distanced myself from my original views and sought out Newton’s original texts in Principia. Years after my first degree in physics, I still find enlightenment in the lessons of physics, enabled by dedicated translations from scholars in the humanities.

My experience watching Project Hail Mary epitomized a synergy between scientific advisory and artistic expression, showcasing intriguing storytelling. Despite some criticisms of the narrative (and its author, Andy Weir), I left the theater with a renewed appreciation for our universe’s marvels, grateful to those who made it all possible.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

How Mushroom Antioxidants Can Alleviate Menstrual Pain by Targeting Uterine Cells

Posted on April 14, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Hot Water Bottles: An Effective Solution for Menstrual Cramps

Carol Yepes/Getty Images

New Scientist - Your source for science news and expert analyses in technology, health, and the environment. — Hot Water Bottles: An Effective Solution for Menstrual Cramps

Carol Yepes/Getty Images

Research suggests that antioxidants found in medicinal mushrooms may help alleviate menstrual pain. Taking daily supplements containing L-ergothioneine—also present in fermented foods—may not only curb existing discomfort but also reduce overall pain by interacting with uterine cells.

“Instead of waiting to address severe pain, EGT [L-ergothioneine] may offer foundational nutritional support, reducing reliance on potent medications and providing a safer pathway for women’s health,” explains Guohua Xiao from Gene III Biotechnology, Nanjing, China.

Menstrual pain, known as dysmenorrhea, ranks among the most prevalent gynecological issues. Prevalence reports range widely from 16% to 91%. This discomfort is often linked to the uterus releasing high levels of inflammatory chemicals called prostaglandins, which cause forceful contractions to shed the lining, sometimes compressing nearby blood vessels and cutting off oxygen supply to muscle tissue.

Dysmenorrhea is also associated with oxidative stress, an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body that leads to cellular damage.

Current guidelines suggest pain relievers like ibuprofen, which inhibit inflammation and prostaglandin production. Hsiao and his research team hypothesized that L-ergothioneine could provide protective benefits by mitigating oxidative stress in the uterus.

In their investigation, Hsiao and colleagues enlisted 40 women aged 18 to 30 diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea. None had used painkillers or herbal treatments within the previous month.

Half received 120 milligrams of L-ergothioneine daily for three menstrual cycles, while the rest were given a placebo.

Those taking the supplement reported an initial average pain level of 4.8 out of 10, which decreased significantly over three cycles to scores of 4.1, 3.6, and 2.3. L-ergothioneine’s cell accumulation may enhance its efficacy over time, remarked Hsiao. In contrast, the placebo group did not experience notable pain relief.

The team observed no significant differences in inflammation levels between the experimental and control groups. This aligns with Xiao’s assertion that L-ergothioneine operates via a unique pathway, diverging from traditional pain relief methods. “Menstrual discomfort largely originates from local oxidative stress in uterine tissue. The absence of systemic anti-inflammatory responses suggests a localized antioxidant activity. EGT may directly neutralize free radicals at the source before triggering a systemic inflammatory cascade,” he explained.

Andrea Meyer, a researcher at the University of Melbourne, finds these findings plausible but underscores the necessity for larger studies. “It’s an avenue worth exploring,” she remarked. Hsiao’s team aims to conduct a large-scale multi-center trial soon.

This approach will enhance our understanding of L-ergothioneine’s safety profile, although initial results showed no side effects in either group. Long-term usage of conventional pain relief medications like ibuprofen is linked to increased risks of heart issues and kidney failure and stomach ulcers. Hsiao noted that the cellular transport mechanism of L-ergothioneine ensures it is excreted by the kidneys after reaching saturation.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Exploring the Impact of Birth Order on Autism, Migraines, and More

Posted on April 14, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Exploring the Impact of Birth Order on Health Outcomes

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Impact of Sibling Birth Order on Health — Exploring the Impact of Birth Order on Health Outcomes

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A recent study involving over 10 million siblings reveals that birth order may significantly influence the risk of developing more than 150 health conditions, ranging from autism and anxiety to hay fever.

Birth order has intrigued researchers for over a century, igniting debates about its correlation with personality traits and IQ. However, many prior studies faced criticism for lacking robustness in data collection and analysis.

A groundbreaking study conducted by Julia Rohrer in 2015 examined data from 20,000 children, determining that birth order had minimal impact on personality, resulting in only a slight decrease in IQ — about 1 to 2.5 points for the youngest siblings.

The recent analysis took a comprehensive approach, evaluating the likelihood of various health outcomes. Researchers like Benjamin Kramer at the University of Chicago meticulously compared 1.6 million sibling pairs, accounting for gender, birth year, parental age, and age difference, thereby mitigating potential confounding factors that may arise from parental treatment differences.

Out of 418 medical conditions studied, 150 were associated with birth order, with 79 more prevalent among firstborns and 71 among second-borns.

Notably, firstborns displayed heightened risks for several neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and Tourette syndrome, along with an increased tendency for anxiety, allergies, and acne. Conversely, second-borns exhibited greater susceptibility to conditions such as drug abuse, shingles, and migraines.

“This study provides a rigorous examination of the topic,” states Lawler, urging caution as the relationships observed are modest. For instance, firstborns have a 3.6% elevated risk of depression, emphasizing that individual life trajectories may differ significantly across birth order.

The research team explored several potential explanations for these findings. For example, the increased incidence of allergies among firstborns may align with the “friendly enemy” hypothesis, suggesting that younger siblings encounter more microorganisms from their older counterparts, fostering immune tolerance. Indeed, wider age gaps were linked to lesser allergy occurrences in firstborns.

A parallel trend was noted for substance abuse, with risk diminishing for second-borns as age differences increased. The authors connected this to enhanced risk-taking tendencies often observed in later-born children. However, Lawler emphasizes that much of this evidence remains contentious and may imply that later-borns often pursue environments that heighten exposure to substance-use opportunities.

Furthermore, the substantial prevalence of autism among firstborns might stem from both biological and environmental factors. The mother’s immune response in the first trimester is hypothesized to potentially impact the developing brain. Research indicates that families with one autistic child may choose not to have additional children, suggesting possible biases in families who do have a second child following an autism diagnosis in the first.

Another perspective from Lawler pertains to “diagnostic substitution.” Diagnoses of ADHD and autism often rely on cognitive assessments, where slight IQ variations may lead to different labels. Firstborns, possessing marginally higher IQs, might be diagnosed with autism, while their younger siblings may receive an ADHD diagnosis despite sharing similar symptoms.

As noted by Ray Blanchard from the University of Toronto, results may vary when considering sibling gender and birth order dynamics. His research suggests older brothers might increase the likelihood of later-born boys identifying as homosexual, potentially due to maternal antibodies affecting subsequent pregnancies. “These distinctions are pivotal in understanding birth order effects on sexual orientation,” concludes Blanchard, advocating for further studies that incorporate sibling gender hierarchies.

Source: www.newscientist.com

Why the Lack of Major Climate Change Solutions Might Be Beneficial

Posted on April 14, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Drax Power Station in Northern England

Ian Lamond/Alamy

Drax Power Station in North Yorkshire, England, UK — Drax Power Station in Northern England

Ian Lamond/Alamy

Have you come across impressive graphs indicating a decline in carbon dioxide levels and temperatures by the end of this century? But how is this possible? The prevailing idea is to utilize biomass, combust it for energy, and subsequently capture and store the emitted CO2. It sounds like a solution, right?

Despite its potential, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) has proven to be a significant failure. The technology lacks large-scale implementation, primarily due to exorbitant costs, potential threats to biodiversity, and its ineffectiveness in genuinely reducing emissions. In fact, it has been shown to increase CO2 emissions in critical contexts.

As documented by Leo Hickman from CarbonBrief, BECCS was conceived in 2001 by Swedish researchers aiming to enable paper mills to acquire carbon credits. This theoretical framework was adopted by climate modelers in 2005 for climate scenarios predicting a temperature rise above 1.5°C followed by a decline. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s 2014 report amplified the idea, suggesting massive carbon removal through BECCS, effectively marketing an untested technology as the paramount solution to climate change.

In 2015, Drax Energy made headlines by pledging to transition its coal-fired plants to wood pellet combustion while capturing CO2. Fast forward a decade, and while the Drax facility continues to burn wood pellets, carbon capture remains unrealized. According to a recent report by Politico, Drax has halted its carbon capture ambitions, leaving flagship bioenergy initiatives deeply compromised. A spokesperson claimed, “We still view BECCS as a long-term option for this site,” but its future remains uncertain.

Although there are minor BECCS projects in various stages globally, the concept has not matured as anticipated over the past decade. This stagnation is attributed to substantial subsidy demands and the realization of its high costs; as Tim Searchinger from Princeton University aptly states, “It’s shockingly expensive.”

While abstaining from deploying this technology might seem detrimental, it’s actually beneficial since it simply doesn’t work effectively within crucial timeframes. “There may be some scenarios predicting negative emissions, but the volumes are minimal and the benefits won’t materialize for decades,” Searchinger explains.

To better inform policymakers, he and his team have developed computer models simulating carbon flows. These models indicate that BECCS could take up to 150 years to extract CO2 from the atmosphere, performing worse than natural gas combustion without carbon capture for several decades, and potentially leading to higher energy bills.

The fundamental issue lies within BECCS’s methodology. It reallocates CO2 stored in forests to potentially subterranean structures for storage, although a significant portion is lost in transit, re-entering the atmosphere.

Initially, much of the carbon from harvested forests is never transported to power plants; decaying roots and harvested vegetation emit CO2 back into the environment. Wood combustion releases twice the CO2 per energy unit compared to natural gas, while the cooler combustion temperatures limit energy conversion efficiencies. Moreover, carbon capture is energy-intensive, necessitating the burning of additional wood to sustain the capture process, capturing only about 85% of produced CO2 emissions.

A more nuanced challenge arises in those advocating for wood utilization in BECCS, arguing it’s acceptable as long as carbon removal doesn’t outpace forest absorption. However, climate models presume that increased CO2 will enhance forest carbon absorption, or in technical jargon, that land sinks will continue to grow. This perspective conflates sustainable harvesting with actions that undermine existing climate mitigation efforts.

These concerns resonate across various BECCS initiatives involving both slow-growing trees and fast-growing crops like grasses. While theoretically profitable in underutilized agricultural land scenarios, the reality depicts ongoing deforestation in rainforests to expand farmland for food production, which would be catastrophic for biodiversity.

The absence of BECCS raises questions about future CO2 stabilization, yet prioritizing the halt of rising CO2 levels is crucial. As Searchinger advocates, “We must expedite the transition to wind and solar energy as swiftly as possible.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Study Reveals California’s Hybrid Honey Bees Develop Natural Defenses Against Varroa Mites

Posted on April 14, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

The Western honey bee is a crucial ecological and agricultural pollinator. In the U.S., beekeepers face annual colony losses primarily due to parasites such as Varroa destructor. A recent study explored a hybrid population of honey bees in Southern California, comprising a genetic mix of Western European, Eastern European, Middle Eastern, and African lineages. Researchers discovered that these hybrid bees can effectively suppress Varroa levels without chemical intervention, paving the way for innovative strategies to safeguard pollinators against global stressors.

Electron micrograph of Varroa destructor (arrow) nestled between the honey bee’s exoskeleton plates. Image credit: UMD/USDA/PNAS.

The Varroa mites feed on the fatty tissues of bees, compromising their immune systems, causing weight loss, and shortening their lifespans.

The fat body in honey bees operates similarly to the liver, pancreas, and immune system in humans.

Moreover, these mites serve as vectors for severe viruses like the deformed wing virus and acute bee paralysis virus, which they introduce directly into the bee’s bloodstream.

Early studies relied on chemical treatments for control, yet these approaches often lose effectiveness over time.

“We frequently heard accounts of honey bees in California thriving with minimal chemical treatments,” stated Genesis Chong Echavez, a graduate student at the University of California.

“I aimed to rigorously test these claims and uncover the factors influencing beekeepers’ observations.”

During their research from 2019 to 2022, Chong Echavez and UC professor Boris Baer monitored 236 honey bee colonies in Southern California.

Although California bees are not entirely immune to mites, a colony led by a locally bred California hybrid honey bee queen saw a roughly 68% decline in Varroa levels. In contrast, commercial honey bee colonies had higher mite counts.

Additionally, colonies with these queens were more than one-fifth less likely to exceed mite levels that would necessitate chemical treatment.

To further investigate honey bee resistance to mites, the researchers also performed lab experiments on developing honey bee larvae.

Since Varroa mites must invade reproductive cells to breed, the scientists assessed whether they were equally attracted to larvae from commercial and hybrid honey bee colonies. The results showed a stark difference.

California hybrid honey bee larvae attracted fewer mites during their seventh day of life, which is typically when mites are most vulnerable.

This finding indicates that the key to honey bees’ ability to resist mites may lie in their early development stages, prior to adult exposure.

“What surprised me the most was the differences observed even in the larval stage,” Chong-Echavez remarked.

“This hints that the resistance mechanism may be deeply embedded in the genetic makeup of the bees.”

The full results are published in the journal Scientific Reports.

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G. Chong-Echavez & B. Baer. 2026. Varroa Mite resistance in hybrid honey bee (Western honey bee) populations of Southern California. Scientific Reports 16, 10952; doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-45759-9

Source: www.sci.news

CERN Physicists Achieve Unmatched Precision in Measuring W Boson Mass

Posted on April 14, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Using data from over a billion proton collision events gathered at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC), physicists have achieved record precision in measuring the mass of the W particle. This measurement aligns with the predictions of the Standard Model, which reinforces researchers’ confidence that no unexpected forces are hidden within their data.

CMS collision event candidates show W particles decaying into muons (red lines) and neutrinos evading detection (pink arrows). Image credit: CMS/CERN.

Discovered in 1983, the W boson is one of two fundamental particles that embody the weak force, one of the four fundamental forces in nature.

The weak force enables the transformation of particles, such as protons changing into neutrons and vice versa. This process not only powers nuclear fusion in the Sun but also drives radioactive decay.

Detecting W particles is extremely challenging as they decay almost instantaneously into two types of particles; one of which, the neutrino, remains undetectable.

To measure the W boson’s total mass, physicists analyze the other particle produced during decay, known as a muon.

In a groundbreaking study, researchers employed the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment, the LHC’s particle detector that meticulously tracks muons and other particles generated from proton collisions.

They identified 100 million instances where W particles decayed into muons and neutrinos from trillions of proton-proton collisions.

By conducting a detailed analysis for each of these events, they achieved precise mass measurements.

Ultimately, the mass of the W boson was measured at 80360.2 ± 9.9 megaelectronvolts (MeV).

This measurement is in agreement with the predictions outlined in the Standard Model, physicists’ most reliable framework for understanding fundamental particles and their interactions.

The new accuracy matches previous measurements made in 2022 by Fermilab’s Collider Detector (CDF).

This earlier measurement had surprised many in the field, revealing a mass significantly heavier than predicted by the Standard Model and suggesting the potential existence of new particles and forces.

The latest CMS measurements are as precise as the CDF results and are consistent with the Standard Model, providing physicists with a solid foundation for understanding the W boson.

“Honestly, this is a significant relief,” said Dr. Kenneth Long, a physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

“This new measurement strongly supports the reliability of the Standard Model.”

The research team’s work was published in this month’s edition of Nature.

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CMS Collaboration. 2026. High-precision measurement of W boson mass by the CMS experiment. Nature 652, 321-327; doi: 10.1038/s41586-026-10168-5

This revised version maintains the original HTML structure while enhancing its SEO optimization. The language is clear and contains relevant keywords that may help improve search engine rankings.

Source: www.sci.news

New Study Reveals Dragonflies and Humans Have Identical Red Vision Mechanisms

Posted on April 14, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Recent research from Osaka Metropolitan University has unveiled a groundbreaking visual protein, enabling dragonflies to perceive deep red and near-infrared light. This discovery showcases an evolutionary parallel to human vision, hinting at exciting medical applications.

Asiagomphus melaenopus Female from Miroku Forest, Kasugai City, Aichi Prefecture. Image credit: Alpsdake / CC BY-SA 4.0.

Humans perceive colors through a specific protein called opsin found in our eyes.

In humans, there are three distinct opsins responsible for color perception: blue, green, and red light.

Dragonflies possess notably enhanced red vision compared to most insects.

A recent study led by Professor Mitsumasa Koyanagi at Osaka Metropolitan University identified a unique dragonfly opsin that detects light wavelengths around 720 nm, extending beyond the visible spectrum’s deep red range.

“This is one of the most red-sensitive visual pigments ever found,” stated Professor Akihisa Terakita from Osaka Metropolitan University.

“Dragonflies likely see red light more profoundly than many other insects.”

The researchers posited that this heightened sensitivity assists dragonflies in identifying ideal mates.

To support this hypothesis, they measured the reflectance properties of surfaces, indicating how dragonflies visually perceive one another.

Findings reveal significant differences between male and female Asiatic gomphus melaenopus dragonflies, displaying reflectance from red to near-infrared light. This ability may promote quick differentiation between sexes during flight.

“Interestingly, the mechanism by which dragonfly red opsin detects red light mirrors that of mammals, including humans,” explained Ryu Sato, a graduate student at Osaka Metropolitan University.

“This surprises us and indicates an independent evolutionary development in vastly different species.”

The research team also identified a critical position within the protein that regulates light sensitivity.

By altering this position, they were able to enhance the sensitivity further, enabling the opsin to respond to light approaching the infrared spectrum.

They engineered a protein variant that reacts to even longer wavelengths, demonstrating activation of cells by near-infrared light.

These discoveries hold promise for the field of optogenetics, leveraging light-sensitive proteins to investigate various disease states.

Given that dragonfly opsins are responsive to longer light wavelengths, they could operate effectively in deeper tissue applications.

“In this research, we’ve successfully shifted the sensitivity of the modified near-infrared opsin found in the Odonata family to longer wavelengths, confirming that this opsin triggers cellular responses via near-infrared light,” noted Professor Koyanagi.

“This illustrates the potential of this opsin as an innovative optogenetic tool for deep tissue light detection.”

For further detailed insights, refer to the study published in January 2026 in the journal Cell and Molecular Life Sciences.

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Takashi Sato et al. 2026. Dragonfly red opsin shares a common regulatory mechanism with mammalian red opsin, further enhancing near-infrared sensitivity. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 83, 66; doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-06017-9

Source: www.sci.news

Discovering Two Earth-Sized Planets in the TRAPPIST-1 System: A Distinct Divide Between Day and Night

Posted on April 14, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope reveal startling climate details of two exoplanets, TRAPPIST-1b and TRAPPIST-1c, showcasing extreme daily temperatures and freezing nights, which may hinder their prospects for habitability.

An artist’s view of an exoplanet within the TRAPPIST-1 system, which is located 38.8 light-years from Earth. These planets, similar in size and temperature to Venus and Earth, showcase unique orbital dynamics. Image credit: M. Kornmesser / ESO.

Red dwarfs, which are smaller and cooler than our Sun, account for over 75% of the stars in the Milky Way galaxy.

Research indicates that Earth-sized planets are particularly abundant around these faint stars, raising intriguing questions about the potential for life on such distinctly different worlds.

TRAPPIST-1 is one such star system currently under scrutiny.

Discovered back in 2017, this fascinating system resides 38.8 light-years away in the constellation Aquarius.

It features seven transiting planets: TRAPPIST-1b, c, d, e, f, g, and h.

These planetary bodies are either comparable to or slightly smaller than Earth and Venus, and all possess notably short orbital periods.

“The TRAPPIST-1 system is a remarkable discovery: seven planets with Earth-like masses orbiting a single star,” stated Emmeline Bolmont, an astronomer at UNIGE.

“At least three of these planets lie within the star’s habitable zone, allowing for the presence of liquid water on their surfaces.”

“This system serves as an ideal environment for comparative planetology, helping us unravel the mysteries of planetary habitability and life development around red dwarfs.”

Dr. Bolmont and her research team utilized the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope to study the two inner planets, TRAPPIST-1b and TRAPPIST-1c.

“Although red dwarfs and their planetary systems are commonplace, their environments don’t guarantee the potential for life,” the team noted.

“These stars emit intense ultraviolet radiation and high-energy particles that can erode planetary atmospheres, jeopardizing any existing life forms.”

“Furthermore, planets within a red dwarf’s habitable zone orbit very closely to the star, leading to a tidal lock effect that results in one side experiencing perpetual daylight while the other is in constant darkness.”

This illustration depicts the TRAPPIST-1 star and its planets reflected on its surface. Image credit: NASA / R. Hurt / T. Pyle.

By analyzing the light emitted from the star and the two planets, astronomers accurately determined the surface temperatures on both the day and night sides of TRAPPIST-1b and TRAPPIST-1c.

Daytime temperatures exceed 200 degrees Celsius for TRAPPIST-1b and nearly 100 degrees Celsius for TRAPPIST-1c, while at night, temperatures plummet below -200 degrees Celsius.

This extreme temperature disparity implies minimal energy transfer between the planet’s sides, indicating an absence of a significant atmosphere.

Even if these planets formed with atmospheres, harsh stellar conditions would likely have stripped them away entirely.

The team concluded that the lack of dense atmospheres on TRAPPIST-1b and c supports the theory that intense stellar radiation is crucial in shaping planetary evolution in such systems.

“TRAPPIST-1 acts as a vital reference point,” Dr. Bolmont mentioned. “Our theoretical models suggest that the outer planets may retain atmospheres, unlike the inner planets, similar to Mercury’s situation near our Sun.”

“We are eager to advance our exploration of the TRAPPIST-1 system in future studies.”

The findings were published on April 3rd in Nature Astronomy.

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M. Gillon et al. “No thick atmosphere around TRAPPIST-1 b and c from JWST thermal phase curve.” Nat Astron 3 April 2026. doi: 10.1038/s41550-026-02806-9

Source: www.sci.news

How Large-Scale Language Models Analyze and Judge Human Behavior

Posted on April 14, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Recent findings from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem reveal that large-scale language models (LLMs) establish structured “trust” ratings akin to humans. However, they tend to apply these ratings more mechanically, often exhibiting stronger and more consistent demographic biases.

Research indicates that large-scale language models exhibit a rigid and sometimes biased approach to interpersonal trust that only partially aligns with human judgment.

As LLMs and AI agents increasingly interact with humans in decision-making contexts, understanding the dynamics of trust between humans and AI is paramount.

While human trust in AI has been extensively researched, the mechanisms through which LLMs foster trust in humans remain largely unexplored.

In an innovative study conducted by scientists Valeria Rahman and Yaniv Dover from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, five LLMs were compared to human participants across five scenarios and 43,200 simulations.

“We placed both humans and AI in familiar contexts—such as assessing loan amounts for a small business owner, evaluating a babysitter’s trustworthiness, rating a boss, and deciding on donations to a nonprofit,” they stated.

“A striking pattern emerged: both humans and AI favored individuals who demonstrated competence, honesty, and goodwill.”

“In essence, machines appear to recognize the core components of trust—competence, honesty, and benevolence—similar to humans.”

“AI evaluates individuals based on these components, much like scoring in a spreadsheet, resulting in a more rigid, systematic, yet impersonal judgment style.”

“In contrast, humans often make more subjective and chaotic judgments,” notes Dr. Rahman.

“AI’s approach is cleaner and more organized, which can lead to notably different results.”

“However, a concerning trend of amplified bias was identified. In financial contexts, such as loan or donation decisions, AI systems displayed consistent, and sometimes pronounced, discrepancies based solely on demographic factors.”

“For instance, (i) older adults frequently enjoyed more favorable outcomes, although the contrary pattern also emerged; (ii) religious affiliation significantly influenced results, particularly in financial matters; and (iii) gender also played a role in certain models and scenarios.”

“Such discrepancies appeared even when all other aspects of the individual were identical.”

“Humans inherently possess biases, yet we were surprised to find that biases in AI could be more structured, predictable, and occasionally stronger,” Professor Dover remarked.

Another key insight is the variability in AI judgment.

Different LLMs often provide varying assessments of the same individual. In some cases, one system may reward traits that another may penalize, indicating that your choice of LLM could subtly influence real-world outcomes.

“Selecting which LLM to use is crucial,” asserts Dr. Rahman.

“While these systems might appear similar superficially, their decision-making processes about individuals can be vastly different.”

“AI is increasingly being deployed to screen job applications, evaluate creditworthiness, recommend medical treatments, and guide organizational strategies.”

As these LLMs transition from mere assistants to decision-makers, comprehending their reasoning processes becomes essential.

This study underscores that while LLMs can emulate the structure of human judgment, they do so in a more rigid and less nuanced fashion, with biases that could be elusive.

The researchers emphasize that their findings are not an indictment of AI, but rather a call for heightened awareness.

“These systems wield substantial power,” concludes Professor Dover.

“They can model human reasoning aspects in a consistent manner.”

“However, they lack humanity, so we should not presume they perceive individuals as we do.”

“As AI becomes more embedded in daily life, the pressing question shifts from whether we trust machines to whether we comprehend how machines trust us.”

For further details, see the findings published in this month’s Proceedings of the Royal Society A.

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Valeria Rahman and Yaniv Dover. 2026. A closer look at how large-scale language models “trust” humans: Patterns and biases. Procedure A 482 (2335): 20251113; doi: 10.1098/rspa.2025.1113

Source: www.sci.news

Why the Absence of Green Solutions to Climate Change Could Be Beneficial

Posted on April 14, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Drax Power Station, North Yorkshire, England, UK. — Drax Power Station in Northern England

Ian Lamond/Alamy

You’ve likely encountered alarming visuals depicting the decline of carbon dioxide levels and temperatures by the end of this century. How is this transformation possible? The proposed solution is to harvest biomass, burn it for energy, and subsequently capture and store the emitted CO2. Voilà, problem solved!

This concept, known as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), has faced significant challenges. Despite theoretical support, it has not been successfully deployed at the required scale. Key issues include prohibitive costs, detrimental effects on biodiversity, and, troublingly, potential increases in CO2 emissions over critical timeframes.

As Leo Hickman of CarbonBrief outlines, BECCS first emerged in 2001 through Swedish researchers aiming to allow paper mills to earn carbon credits. By 2005, theoretical models employed this idea to advocate for scenarios involving temperature regulation above 1.5°C. The 2014 IPCC report also highlighted models that assumed significant carbon removal via BECCS, establishing a solution that, despite its non-existence, gained official endorsement.

In 2015, Drax Energy announced intentions to convert coal-fired power plants to utilize wood pellets, claiming to capture and store CO2 effectively.

Fast forward ten years, and while Drax remains operational on wood pellets, it has failed to capture any carbon. Recently, as Politico reported, the company has stalled its carbon capture plans, leaving the world’s most prominent bioenergy initiatives effectively in limbo, as a Drax spokesperson noted: “We still consider BECCS as a potential option for this site, but it is much more long-term than originally planned.”

Although numerous smaller initiatives exist globally, it’s evident that BECCS is not gaining traction as envisioned a decade ago. The driving factor? Government reluctance to fund the substantial subsidies required. Tim Searchinger from Princeton University emphasizes that “it’s shockingly expensive.”

While the absence of deploying this technology seems detrimental, it is, in fact, beneficial, as it doesn’t produce the anticipated results within feasible timelines. Searchinger states, “There are likely unrealistic scenarios where negative emissions occur; however, the scale is limited and benefits would take decades to materialize.”

To assist policymakers, new computer models analyzing related carbon flows allow for a hands-on approach to evaluate different scenarios. The models indicate that BECCS could take up to 150 years to effectively remove CO2 from the atmosphere, initially performing worse than natural gas combustion without carbon capture. Additionally, this process could drastically increase electricity bills.

Why does this occur? Essentially, BECCS transforms carbon stored in forests to CO2, which is then transferred to alternate storage solutions, often leading to significant losses released back into the atmosphere.

Notably, much forest carbon remains unutilized. The root systems and surrounding vegetation degrade during harvesting, releasing additional CO2. Moreover, burning wood generates twice the carbon per energy unit compared to natural gas, while the cooler combustion temperatures reduce electricity conversion efficiency. Carbon capture itself is energy-intensive, compelling power plants to burn extra wood to sustain the capture process, which at most captures about 85% of emitted CO2.

There’s a nuanced argument surrounding the use of wood in BECCS. Some assert it’s acceptable, provided the carbon extraction does not outpace forest growth. However, climate models presume that CO2 fertilization will enhance forest carbon uptake, which could hinder the climate change resolutions we currently rely on.

Similar issues affect many BECCS scenarios, particularly those advocating for the use of slow-growing trees or rapid energy crops. While idle farmland could potentially yield some profits, in the broader context, global deforestation continues to clear land for food cultivation, exacerbating biodiversity losses.

Without BECCS, plans to stabilize CO2 levels appear uncertain. For now, our priority should be curbing CO2 emissions. As Searchinger emphasizes, “We need to accelerate the transition to wind and solar energy as much as possible.”

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Source: www.newscientist.com

Life as a Meteorologist in Chernobyl: Insights from 40 Years of Russian Occupation

Posted on April 14, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Lyudmila Dyblenko – Chernobyl’s Guardian During the 2022 Occupation

Mykhailo Palinchak

On February 24, 2022, as Russian forces advanced into Ukraine, Lyudmila Dyblenko, head of the Chernobyl meteorological observatory, ordered her staff to evacuate. Unfortunately, she was unable to escape, as the exclusion zone around the Chernobyl nuclear plant fell under Russian occupation.

“We started gathering equipment and monitors, but it was too late,” Dyblenko recounted in the modest hut that hosts the weather station. Despite the dire circumstances, she heroically resolved to continue essential measurements—radiation, temperature, wind, and rainfall—that are crucial for scientists monitoring the situation in Chernobyl. “I chose to keep working,” she stated. “I truly love my job and my country.”

While monitoring is typically automated, power outages by March 9 left her equipment inoperable, making heating and cooking virtually impossible. The hut became the warmest refuge during her winter stay in Chernobyl, with a fire continuously lit and a comfortable desk to work at. Under occupation, conditions were increasingly challenging.

Dyblenko meticulously tracked Russian patrols, timing her exits to collect manual measurements, eventually using an older cell phone to transmit data due to its superior reception capabilities. Situated in the highlands of Chernobyl, she discovered nearby spots—a church and a truck park—where weak signals permitted data extraction.

“There is software that automatically compiles and sends data, but that was impossible during the power outage,” Dyblenko explained. “We had to do it manually.”

Unfortunately, as time passed, Russian soldiers grew bolder. At one point, someone forced their way into her house demanding cognac. She cleverly defused the situation by treating him as a mischievous child, saying, “Is this a restaurant?” Fortunately, he retreated, showing the power of her quick thinking.

Eventually, she spotted a small red light in the bushes near her scientific equipment, realizing a surveillance device had been placed there. Ignoring the threat, she persisted in her crucial work.

Thanks to her relentless efforts, there were no gaps in the data collected, allowing for uninterrupted scientific analysis of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone during the occupation. In recognition of her bravery, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy awarded her one of the few medals given to a meteorologist during the ongoing conflict, a testament to her remarkable courage.

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Source: www.newscientist.com

First-Ever Discovery: Capturing the Change in Comet Rotation Direction

Posted on April 14, 2026 by Igor Mitreski

Artist’s Impression of Comet 41P Approaching the Sun.

Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Ralph Crawford (STScI)

Artist's concept of Comet 41P approaching the Sun — Artist’s Impression of Comet 41P Approaching the Sun.

Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Ralph Crawford (STScI)

A recently observed small comet has made history by changing its rotation direction, a first for astronomers. This intriguing phenomenon provides insights into the comet’s interior, potentially illuminating the composition of the early solar system.

Known as Comet 41P/Tuttle-Jacobini-Krezak or simply 41P, this comet spans about 1 kilometer in diameter and completes an orbit around the Sun approximately every 5.4 years. It becomes visible as it approaches the inner solar system, with its last appearance recorded in 2017.

In March 2017, Comet 41P was observed spinning roughly every 20 hours. However, astronomers noted a significant deceleration by May, with a rotation period extending to between 46 to 60 hours. A team led by David Jewitt from the University of California, Los Angeles, analyzed Hubble Space Telescope data from December 2017 and discovered that the comet’s rotation has accelerated again, now completing a rotation roughly every 14 hours.

The prevailing theory suggests that the comet’s rotation slowed to a halt, at which point it began rotating in the opposite direction. This dramatic shift is attributed to sunlight sublimating ice on its surface, transforming it into gas that behaves like a jet. If this jet propels in the opposite direction, it can decelerate the comet and eventually reverse its rotation.

“This is the first documented instance of a rapid change in the rotation direction of a celestial object,” asserts Dmitri Vavilov, a researcher at the University of Washington in Seattle. Typically, substantial changes in celestial body rotations, even for a small comet like 41P, span decades or centuries.

“Tracking 41P’s next appearance from late 2027 to early 2028 will be fascinating,” says John Noonan from Auburn University in Alabama. “Our goal is to determine whether these comets risk destruction due to rotational stress.” If Comet 41P spins too rapidly, it risks disintegrating.

“This comet’s core is anticipated to self-destruct shortly,” explains Jewitt in a recent statement. In fact, such disintegration might already be occurring. This event could present a remarkable opportunity to examine the inner composition of comets that have remained unchanged since the solar system’s formation, yielding critical insights into the early solar system’s chemical landscape.

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Source: www.newscientist.com